Discussion

Flow measurement is basic to decide the measure of material acquired and sold, and
in these applications, extremely exact flow estimation is required. In addition, streams all
through the procedure ought to the directed close to their coveted qualities with little
inconstancy in these applications, great reproducibility is generally adequate.The objective of
the experiment are To exhibit average flow measurement gadgets for incompressible fluids
which are venturi meter, orifice meter and rotameter and To look at the distinction in flow
rate caused by each of these gadget.

In a differential pressure drop device the flow is calculated by measuring the pressure
drop over an obstructions inserted in the flow. The differential pressure flowmeter is based on
the Bernoullis Equation, where the pressure drop and the further measured signal is a
function of the square flow speed. It said in Fluid Mechanics, fundamentals and
application,Yunus A. Cengel and John M. Climba (2014) the bernoulli equation is concerned
with the conservation of kinetic, potential and flow rate where net viscous forces are
negligible and where other restrictive conditions apply.Therefore, the kinetic and potential
energies of the fluid can be converted to flow energy during flow causing the pressure to
change. The most common types of differential pressure flowmeters are orifice plate, venturi
tube, flow nozzles and rotameter. This experiment study on flow measurement by using
orifice plate, venturi tube and rotameter.

In the Venturi Tube the fluid flow rate is measured by decreasing the cross sectional
stream territory in the stream way, producing a weight distinction. After the contracted
region, the liquid is goes through a weight recuperation leave segment, where up to 80% of
the differential weight created at the tightened region is recouped. The venturi tube is
intended to almost dispose of limit layer partition, and hence shape drag. The adjustment in
cross-sectional range in the venturi tube causes a weight change between the united area and
the throat, and the stream rate can be resolved from this weight drop. In light of this
investigation, wander tube has the distinction littlest than opening tube and rotameter.
Implies, wander tube more precise than wander plate and rotameter. In spite of the fact that
venturi tube more costly that a hole plate, the venturi tube presents considerably bring down
non-recoverable weight drops, bring down weight misfortune than opening and slurries don't
plug.

With an orifice meter, the fluid flow rate is measured through the distinction in weight
from the upstream side to the downstream side of a somewhat impeded pipe. The plate
impeding the stream offers an exactly measured check that limits the pipe and powers the
streaming liquid to tighten. In light of consequence of this analysis, the distinction of opening
plate is more noteworthy than wander. A hole plate is a limitation with an opening littler than
the pipe distance across which is embedded in the pipe, the commonplace hole plate has a
concentric, sharp edged opening. As a result of the littler territory the liquid speed builds,
bringing on a comparing diminish in weight. Their exactness are poor at low stream rates. A
high precision relies on upon an opening plate fit as a fiddle, with a sharp edge to the
upstream side. The hole plate is the most generally utilized stream sensor, however it makes a
somewhat expansive non-recoverable weight because of the turbulence around the plate,
prompting high vitality utilization. The opening plates are basic, shoddy and can be conveyed
for any application in any material.

The rotameter comprises of a vertically situated glass or plastic tube with a bigger end
at the top, and a metering coast which is allowed to move inside the tube. Liquid stream
makes the buoy ascend in the tube as the upward weight differential and lightness of the
liquid beat the impact of gravity. The buoy ascends until the annular range between the buoy
and tube expands adequately to permit a condition of element harmony between the upward
differential weight and lightness components, and descending gravity variables. The outcome
demonstrates the distinction of rotameter is most prominent than other. In this way, rotameter
is less exact.

From the result at Table 1, it shows that the flow rate of Orifice meter is less than the
flow rate of Venturi meter. This is because inside the orifices meter due to constriction placed
a pressure difference between two sections is developed, which determines the discharge
through the pipe. This describes that due to high pressure loss in orifices meter, the velocity
of flow also get reduced. The principal of venturi meter is by reducing the cross section area
of flow passes, pressure difference is created and measurement of pressure difference enables
the determination of the discharge through pipe. In comparison of orifice meter, venturi meter
has less pressure loss. The explanation is that the pressure losses in the convergent section but
it pressure regain in divergent section. In this experiment the venturi meter provide more
accurate results than the Orifice meter.