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Donottrytodiagnoseyourselfifyouthinkyoumighthavediabetes.Testingequipmentthatyoucanbuy
overthecounter,suchasabloodglucosemeter,cannotdiagnosediabetes.
Testingalsoallowshealthcareprofessionalstofind
prediabetes.Makinglifestylechangestoloseamodest
Blood tests help health care
amountofweightifyouareoverweightmayhelpyoudelayor professionals diagnose diabetes
preventtype2diabetes. and prediabetes.
Type 1 diabetes
Mostoften,testingfortype1diabetesoccursinpeoplewithdiabetessymptoms.Doctorsusuallydiagnose
type1diabetesinchildrenandyoungadults.Becausetype1diabetescanruninfamilies,astudycalled
TrialNetoffersfreetestingtofamilymembers ofpeoplewiththedisease,eveniftheydonthave
symptoms.
Type 2 diabetes
Expertsrecommendroutinetestingfortype2diabetesifyou
areage45orolder
arebetweentheagesof19and44,areoverweightorobese,andhaveoneormoreotherdiabetesrisk
factors
areawomanwhohadgestationaldiabetes1
https://www.niddk.nih.gov/healthinformation/diabetes/overview/testsdiagnosis 1/5
1/19/2017 DiabetesTests&Diagnosis|NIDDK
Medicarecoversthecostofdiabetestestsforpeoplewithcertainriskfactorsfordiabetes.Ifyouhave
Medicare,findoutifyouqualifyforcoverage .Ifyouhavedifferentinsurance,askyourinsurance
companyifitcoversdiabetestests.
Thoughtype2diabetesmostoftendevelopsinadults,childrenalsocandeveloptype2diabetes.Experts
recommendtestingchildrenbetweentheagesof10and18whoareoverweightorobeseandhaveatleast
twootherriskfactorsfordevelopingdiabetes.1
lowbirthweight
amotherwhohaddiabeteswhilepregnantwiththem
anyriskfactormentionedinRiskFactorsforType2Diabetes
Gestational diabetes
Allpregnantwomenwhodonothaveapriordiabetesdiagnosisshouldbetestedforgestationaldiabetes.
Ifyouarepregnant,youwilltakeaglucosechallengetestbetween24and28weeksofpregnancy.1
A1C test
TheA1Ctestisabloodtestthatprovidesyouraveragelevelsofbloodglucoseoverthepast3months.
OthernamesfortheA1CtestarehemoglobinA1C,HbA1C,glycatedhemoglobin,andglycosylated
hemoglobintest.Youcaneatanddrinkbeforethistest.WhenitcomestousingtheA1Ctodiagnose
diabetes,yourdoctorwillconsiderfactorssuchasyourageandwhetheryouhaveanemia oranother
problemwithyourblood.1TheA1Ctestisnotaccurateinpeoplewithanemia.
YourhealthcareprofessionalwillreportyourA1Ctestresultasapercentage,suchasanA1Cof7percent.
Thehigherthepercentage,thehigheryouraveragebloodglucoselevels.
PeoplewithdiabetesalsouseinformationfromtheA1Ctesttohelpmanagetheirdiabetes.
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1/19/2017 DiabetesTests&Diagnosis|NIDDK
test.Youmayhavethisbloodtestatanytime.
HighbloodglucoselevelsatanytwoormorebloodtesttimesduringtheOGTTfasting,1hour,2hours,
or3hoursmeanyouhavegestationaldiabetes.YourhealthcareteamwillexplainwhatyourOGTT
resultsmean.
HealthcareprofessionalsalsocanusetheOGTTtodiagnosetype2diabetesandprediabetesinpeople
whoarenotpregnant.TheOGTThelpshealthcareprofessionalsdetecttype2diabetesandprediabetes
betterthantheFPGtest.However,theOGTTisamoreexpensivetestandisnotaseasytogive.To
diagnosetype2diabetesandprediabetes,ahealthcareprofessionalwillneedtodrawyourblood1hour
afteryoudrinktheliquidcontainingglucoseandagainafter2hours.
Thefollowingtablehelpsyouunderstandwhatyourtestnumbersmeanifyouarenotpregnant.
https://www.niddk.nih.gov/healthinformation/diabetes/overview/testsdiagnosis 3/5
1/19/2017 DiabetesTests&Diagnosis|NIDDK
a
Glucosevaluesareinmilligramsperdeciliter,ormg/dL.
b
At2hoursafterdrinking75gramsofglucose.Todiagnosegestationaldiabetes,healthcareprofessionalsgivemoreglucose
todrinkandusedifferentnumbersascutoffs.
Source:AdaptedfromAmericanDiabetesAssociation.Classificationanddiagnosisofdiabetes.DiabetesCare.
201639(1):S14S20,tables2.1,2.3.
Tofindoutifyourdiabetesistype1,yourhealthcareprofessionalmaylookforcertainautoantibodies.
Autoantibodiesareantibodiesthatmistakenlyattackyourhealthytissuesandcells.Thepresenceofoneor
moreofseveraltypesofautoantibodiesspecifictodiabetesiscommonintype1diabetes,butnotintype2
ormonogenicdiabetes.Ahealthcareprofessionalwillhavetodrawyourbloodforthistest.
Ifyouhaddiabeteswhileyouwerepregnant,youshouldgettested6to12weeksafteryourbabyisbornto
seeifyouhavetype2diabetes.
References
1
AmericanDiabetesAssociation.Classificationanddiagnosisofdiabetes.DiabetesCare.201639(Suppl.1):S13S22.
November2016
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ContentproducedbytheNIDDKiscarefullyreviewedbyNIDDKscientistsandotherexperts.
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