Boundary Layer Equations ( !

(x) << x )
Reynolds Transport Theorem Bcv = "cv !dV = "cv #b dV The Equations of
Fluid Mechanics
dBsys d
# "v "v & "p "2 v
! % vx x + v y x ( = ) + 2x
Form A:
dt
= " !dV + "CS (#b) ( v $ vc ) % n dA
dt cv Gareth H. McKinley
$ "x "y ' "x "y
dBsys !" December 2006
"p " !vx !v y % Form B: =#
% dV + ( ( &b)v ' n dA
0=! $# !x + !y '& = 0 dt $ !t CS
"y cv

Young-Laplace Equation
Cauchy Momentum Equation Continuity
(
Free Surface Flows; p ! "# $2 h $x 2 ) !
Dv
= "#p + # $ % + !g
1 D!
= " (# $ v )
# 1
!p = " % + (
1 &
$ R1 R2 '
!h !Q" h Dt ! Dt
+ = 0 where Q! = " vx! dy
!t !x 0

!h $ " gh sin # ' !h " g cos # ! * 3 !h -

2 Newtonian Constitutive Equation
+&
!t %
) =
( !x
,h
3 !x + !x .
/ {
! = "v + ("v)t = #! } Incompressible Flow
!"v = 0

Quasi-Fully Developed Flow (Lubrication approximation) Navier-Stokes Equation for isothermal flow Hydrostatics
h L << 1 , ReL ( h L ) << 1 , h (!" ) << 1 )
2 2 of an incompressible Newtonian fluid !p = "(g # a)
"p
Dv % "v (
#p #2 v ! = ! & + v #$ v ) = +$p + $ 2 v + !g
0!" + 2x + $ gx 0! + # gy Dt ' "t *
#x #y "y

Across streamlines
Inviscid fluid Re ! ! (outward pointing normal n)
Very viscous fluid (Stokes Flow; Re ! 0 ) (Euler Equation)
0 = !"p + " 2 v + #g !p " v 2
!
Dv
= "#p + !g =
Dt !n R
Steady Irrotational Flow ( ! = 0 )
Unsteady Bernoulli Equation along a streamline
Velocity potential v = !"
! =0 2 2

# !v " dr + # dp
(! " v) = ! # = 0 ( ) + ( (2 & (1 ) = 0
2 ! =0

2 v 2 & 2 v1 + %
1 2
% 1 2
$ !t $ '
1 1

Kutta-Zhukowski Theorem Steady Bernoulli Equation along a streamline for

! = $ " # dA = !
$ v # ds an inviscid flow of an incompressible fluid
L = !V" D=0 ( )
2 v 2 ! 2 v1 +
1 2 1 2 1
"
( p2 ! p1 ) + g ( z2 ! z1 ) = 0
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2.25 Advanced Fluid Mechanics

Fall 2013

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