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ELEMENTARY PARTICLES
COURSE:
MODERN PHYSICS
CODE: 3N
HE PRESENTS
TEACHER
BOGOTA D.C.
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ELEMENTARY PARTICLES
ELEMENTARY PARTICLES
The atom is composed by a core formed by protons and neutrons, and a set of electrons
"orbitando" about the core due to the effects of the Quantum Mechanics, which plays an essential
role in all this description, the electrons form actually a "cloud" about the core. The protons
provide to the atomic core of electrical positive load. Chemical different elements differ between
yes for the number of protons of the atomic core, The force responsible for the cohesion of the
atomic core is essentially the force derived from the strong interaction, there exist nevertheless
certain effects originated by the weak and electromagnetic interaction, The force that it supports
to the electrons about the core is on the other hand of electromagnetic origin, the size of the core,
measured by his radio, depends on the number of protons and neutrons, But essentially it is of
the order of a few Fermis. A Fermi is an approximately the size of a proton or neutron ".
On the other hand, the elementary particles are the simplest objects that can be conceived, in
general they neither have parts nor can divide in components simpler, nevertheless the
experiments of collisions of particles to very high energies have revealed that some particles that
they believed simple actually are compound. For example a proton is formed by two quarks up
and a quark down, a neutron is formed by two quarks down and a quark up, the electrical load of
the proton is therefore equal to the load of the electron but positive, whereas the neutron is
exactly neutral( Electrical void load). The mass of the proton and neutron they are approximately
equal (the neutron is lightly more massive) and equivalents to 1837 times the mass of the
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ELEMENTARY PARTICLES
electron, this mass is not the sum of the masses of the constituent quarks, since most comes from
The quarks are elementary particles, which not only they form to the proton, but to the whole
series of families of other particles. Combinations of three quarks form the bariones (as the
proton) And combinations of a quark and an anti-quark form the family of the inns. The quarks
feel the nuclear strong force, but they are not free in the nature. Always they are in conditions
united with other quarks already be in a barin or in an inn. The theory of the Quarks was
elaborated in 1963 by the physicists Murray Gell-Mann y Yuval Ne'eman. It was Gell-Mann who
In general, the particles formed by three quarks name bariones, the nucleones understand, that is
to say, the protons and neutrons, and also the bariones called Delta, Lambda, Sigma, Xi and
Omega. The latter is composed by three quarks and his discovery was a victory of the theory,
which predicted correctly his existence and mass. The bariones have espn semipoint and are
therefore fermiones
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ELEMENTARY PARTICLES
REFERENCES
partculas elementales y las interacciones bsicas, Dra. rosa mara Mndez facultad
ciencias UNAM,2002
http://astroverada.com/_/Main/T_particulas2.html
http://descubriendo.fisica.unlp.edu.ar/descubriendo/index.php/Part
%C3%ADculas_Elementales