Students Book

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Vocational Stream
Girls Grade 10

Students Book

  

   
Contents
Unit Title Page

1 Friendship 5

2 Human and Childrens Rights 9

3 Family Hygiene 13

4 Healthy Life and Healthy Food 17

Fashion Corner 1 Sewing Machines 21

5 Food Preservation 22

6 Setting the Table 26

7 Money and Currencies 30

8 Buying and Selling 34

Fashion Corner 2 Threads and Stitches 38

9 Incomes and Salaries 39

10 Women and Work 43

11 Work in the Future 47

12 Success in Life 51

Fashion Corner 3 Textiles 55

Review 56

2
Scope and Sequence
UNIT LANGUAGE NEW SKILLS
1 Friendship Language Functions: giving opinion reading friendship
(pp. 5-8) agreeing / disagreeing; listing friendship proverbs; talking about
characteristics the characteristics of true
Vocabulary: characteristics of true friendship; friendship
friendship proverbs
Grammar: yes/no questions with be; questions
with what and who
2 Human and Language Functions: giving opinion distinguishing between the
Childrens Rights agreeing / disagreeing United Nations Declaration
(pp. 9-12) Vocabulary: childrens rights of the Rights of the Child
Grammar: present continuous tense; possessive and Childrens Liberation
forms including s Rights; reading articles
taken from the UNs
Convention on the Rights of
the Child
3 Family Hygiene Language Functions: giving advice; giving giving advice; giving tips
(pp. 13-16) opinion for a gleaming home
Vocabulary: tips for a gleaming home
Grammar: present continuous for future
arrangements

UNIT LANGUAGE NEW SKILLS

4 Healthy Life and Language Functions: talking about food distinguishing between
Healthy Food preferences; describing a process; asking healthy and unhealthy
(pp. 17-20) questions about healthy eating habits; giving eating habits; identifying
advice linking words; writing a
Vocabulary: food items on the food pyramid descriptive paragraph
Grammar: imperatives; articles
5 Food Preservation Language Functions: talking about food putting steps in the correct
(pp. 22-25) preferences; describing a process; giving order; reading about food
instructions preservation
Vocabulary: food preservation techniques
Grammar: present simple
6 Setting the Table Language Functions: describing a process; describing how to set a
(pp. 26-29) asking and answering questions table; talking about table
Vocabulary: etiquette and table manners manners
Grammar: the two present tenses

3
Scope and Sequence
UNIT LANGUAGE NEW SKILLS
7 Money and Language Functions: asking for repetitions listening for details
Currencies talking about money
(pp. 30-33) Vocabulary: formal words/phrases for banking;
compound nouns
Grammar: countable / uncountable nouns
8 Buying and Selling Language Functions: taking orders by phone percentages and discounts
(pp. 34-37) helping customers in a shop
Vocabulary: collective nouns
Grammar: question words
9 Incomes and Language Functions: making offers; using money idioms
Salaries giving opinion; comparing
(pp. 39-42) Vocabulary: money idioms
Grammar: one and some

UNIT LANGUAGE NEW SKILLS

10 Women and Work Language Functions: talking about the listening for information;
(pp. 43-46) responsibilities of a writer; interviewing making completing a graph
guesses
Vocabulary: work idioms
Grammar: past tense of be
11 Work in the Language Functions: making future plans; listening and taking notes
future comparing; making predictions
(pp. 47-50) Vocabulary: work idioms; adjectives and their
opposites
Grammar: comparative adjectives
12 Success in Life Language Functions: describing abilities; correcting information
(pp. 51-54) classifying and defining while listening
Vocabulary: work skills and attributes;
classification words
Grammar relative clauses (defining)
All the names, characters and companies mentioned in the book are imaginary

4
1 Friendship
A Dialogue
1 Read the dialogue then answer the questions.
During a talk show, some women were asked about what they think of friendship. They replied in
the following ways:

Presenter: How do you see friendship?

Woman one: Friendship begins at home. I consider my sister a close friend. But for other
people, family bonds arent as strong. Many people feel closer to their friends
than they do to their relatives.
Presenter: Thank you. Ill take another call on the same question. Yes, hello?
Woman two: Friends dont need to have everything in common.
Presenter: Thank you. I have got another call waiting. Good evening, could you tell me
whats the most important quality of a friend?
Woman three: Many people say that they can rely on their friends to be there for them no
matter what. I would drop everything to help my best friend through a crisis
Many good friends would donate an organ or bone marrow to a sick friend. But
I would not tell a lie for a friends sake.
Presenter: Thank you. The question for our final caller is; do you agree with the saying
that friendship lasts forever?
Woman four: Not all friendships last forever; Ive parted ways with a close friend at some
point in my life. Some friends outgrow each other and others may split over an
unforgivable act.

5
Questions C Proverbs
1 Give each of the womens answers the right 3 Read the following proverbs about
title. friendship and match them with the suitable
I t T akes All Kin ds _ explanation.
By e, By e, By e _ a Book s and friends should be few but
I s Bl ood Real ly T hicker? _ good.
Anything for a Fr iend _ b A friend in need is a friend indeed.
c T o have a friend, be a friend.
2 Match the words from the text with their d T he only unsinkable ship is FRIEN DSHIP .
meaning. e I t is better to be in chains with friends,
a bonds 1 stop; discontinue than to be in a garden with strangers.
b favour 2 lose in the course
of maturation 1 T he friend who helps you when you are
c drop 3 give in distress is a real friend.
d donate 4 links 2 Bein g in a nice place without any
e outgrow 5 act of kindness friends is worse than being somewhere
horrible with a friend.
3 Which of the four answers do you think best 3 Fr iendship can last forever.
describes friendship? Explain your answer. 4 I t is better to have a small amount of
good friends than many poor friends.
B Liste
Listening 5 If you are a good friend, you will have
2 Listen to someone talking about good friends.
International Friendship Day and ll in the
blanks.
International Friendship Day is a time to
(1)__ your friends and their
(2) _ to your life. Fr iendship
helps to bring (3) _ and (4)
_ to the globe. International
Friendship Day occurs on the first (5)
_. Fr iends come in many shapes,
sizes and guises: (6) _ friends,
(7) _ colleagues, siblings,
partners, (8) _ and neighbours.

6
 Friendship
D Grammar F Discuss
4 Study the table then make questions using 6 What should a good friend do in these
these words and answer the questions. situations?
Yes/No questions with to be
Is Huda kind? Yes, she is. SITUATION ONE
Is she trustworthy? No, she isnt. Ive arrived at a barbecue where the hostess is
serving only burgers and hot dogs. Im a very
Is Layla your friend? Yes, she is. health-conscious person and eat neither. The
Is English his first No, it isnt. only other foods available are a green salad
language? and a selection of greasy hors doeuvres. Do
I mention to the hostess that I dont eat the
usual barbecue food, or make an excuse by
1 Salwa / Layal? saying Im on a diet, and eat only salad?
2 she / married?
3 Omar / secretary?
4 English / second language? SITUATION TWO
5 they / best friends?
I run into an old friend I havent seen or
E Questions with what and who spoken to in years at a mutual friends annual
5 Put these words in the correct order to make party. We fill each other in on our current lives
questions. during a nearly hour-long conversation. Im
ready to mingle with the other guests at this
1 What your address is? point, but shes babbling endlessly. How do I
2 is your ? surname What move on without offending her?
3 Who best friend ? your is
4 is his ? What second language
5 name of the your school ? What is SITUATION THREE
We write What is and Who is, but we say Ive been invited to a summer party. I assumed
Whats and Whos. everyone would dress casually, but when I got
there the men were wearing suit jackets and the
women were in dresses. I looked out of place in
my denim shorts and T-shirts. What can I do to
avoid embarrassment at this point?

7
G Reading
7 Read about the meaning of the word
FRIEND. Then answer the questions.
Friends are very special. As long as people
have lived, they have found friendships with
each other.
Respect, loyalty, trust and lots of fun are
characteristics of true friendship.
It is important that you share likes and
dislikes, hobbies and secrets, but it is more
important that you like each other! A friend
is someone who understands you, knows the
real you and appreciates the person that
you are.
Even when you are upset, a true friend will
care for you. You share good times and bad
times, and are always there for each other.
Never treat your friend badly. If you have
an argument or disagree, it is important to
apologise to each other.
Dont forget a true friend is one that sees
your faults but loves you anyway!
8
Questions
1 Decide whether the following statements are
True or False. Correct the false ones.
a The most important thing is that you
share the same interests.
b You should care for your friends when
they are upset and when they are happy.
c When you disagree with your friend you
should wait for them to apologise to you.
2 According to the text, what are the main
characteristics of true friendship?
3 Do you agree with the writers denition of
the word FRIEND?
4 Can you name friendship characteristics that
are not mentioned in the text? Discuss one
characteristic.
H Matching
8 Match the following ideas / questions with
the statements that explain them.
a Setting Limits in Friendships
b Friendships do end
c Toxic Friends and Toxic Friendships
d What is friendship?
e Maintenance of friendships is crucial
f Conversation
g Building a friendship from casual friends
1 Friendship is an in-depth relationship.
2 Building friendships takes time.
3 Friendships cannot be neglected.
4 Friendships may not last.
5 Friendships, like all other relationships,
must have limits.
6 Being able to carry on a comfortable
conversation with a social acquaintance
is vital for gaining friends.
7 Not all friendships are good for you.
2 Human and
Children's Rights
A Dialogue
1 Read the dialogue then answer the questions.
Amal: Samira, have you thought of a topic for our
term paper?
Samira: Well, how about doing something about
childrens rights?
Amal: Great idea! Why dont we write about the
rights of disabled children.
Samira: That seems interesting! We can talk about
their right to grow up in a healthy and
normal environment and to have freedom
and dignity just like normal children. I think
disabled children should be protected against
all forms of neglect, cruelty and humiliation.
Amal: I totally agree. Unfortunately, some people
mistakenly believe that disabled people in
general, and children in particular, have no
human rights.
Samira: Youre completely right. I hope that we will
change their views after they read our term paper.
Ill start doing the research right now.
Amal: Ok! Ill help you.

Questions
1 What do Samira and Amal decide to write about?
2 How do some people look at disabled people? Do you agree with them? Why or why not?
3 Name the rights of the disabled people that are mentioned in the dialogue.
4 Can you think of some of the rights of handicapped children that are not mentioned in the
dialogue? Name one.

9
B Liste
Listening
2 4 Which of the following words can replace the
Listen to a description of The
International Childrens Peace Prize and ll in words in italic in the Childrens rights above?
the table below. gain leisure satisfactory abandonment
2007 2008 self-respect adjust

Name of winner D Grammar

Country of origin Present continuous tense
Case Form this tense with the verb be + -ing.
EXAMPLES
3 What is the Childrens Peace Prize? When is I am (not) looking.
it awarded? It is (not) working.
We are (not) coming.
C United Nations Declaration We use this tense when we talk or write
of the Rights of the Child vs about temporary activities that are
happening now.
Childrens Liberation Rights
Some Rights of the Child mentioned in the 5 Which sentences are true now? Correct the
UN Declaration are: untrue sentences.
1 Special protection, opportunities and 1 The teacher is standing at the front.
facilities to enable them to develop in a 2 None of the students are talking.
healthy and normal manner, in freedom 3 The sun is shining.
and dignity 4 We are all wearing the same clothes.
2 Social security, including adequate
nutrition, housing, recreation and
medical services
3 Special treatment, education and care if
handicapped
4 Free education and equal opportunity to
develop their individual abilities
5 Protection against all forms of neglect,
cruelty and exploitation

Some of the Childrens Liberation Rights are:

1 The Right to Self-determination: children
should have the right to decide matters
that affect them most directly
2 The Right of Responsive Design: society
must accommodate itself to childrens
growth and to their need for safe space
3 The Right to Freedom from Physical
Punishment
4 The Right to Economic Power: including
the right to work, to acquire and
manage money, and to achieve financial
independence

10
 Human and Children's Rights
E Grammar

Possessive s
Short form of be Possessive forms
Its Omars
Thats Helens
6 Is the s in each sentence a short form or a possessive form?
1 This is the book of childrens rights.
2 Thats my pen.
3 Whats the problem?
4 All organisations should work towards childrens benefits.

F Reading
7 Read the text and answer the following questions.
Salah is a twelve year old boy who came to the city with his parents from a small town in
rural Syria. The family settled in Damascus, where Salahs uncle had lived for several years. The
uncle helped Salahs father, Khaled, get a job in a factory, but Khaled never adjusted to life in
the city. When Khaled and his wife, Amal, decided to return to the country, Salah did not want
to leave his friends from school.

Like many teenagers, 16-year-old pop singer Tiffany did not get along with her mother. But
unlike most teenagers, Tiffany had thousands of dollars in recording and performance revenues,
and felt that her mother was not making smart career moves. In March 1988, Tiffany wanted
to be granted the right to control her own finances.

Questions
1 Does a teenager like Tiffany have the wisdom, experience and maturity to make irrevocable
choices that will shape her future life?
2 Are children entitled to decide where they live?
3 Would the behaviour of Tiffany and Salah be acceptable in your culture? Explain.

11
G Matching
8 Read the following articles taken from the UNs Convention on the Rights of the Child. Match
the articles to the stories (1-5). The articles can be used as many times as necessary.
Article 10 Article 23
Right to live with family. Right of children with disabilities to support so
they can lead a full life.
Article 12 Article 24
Right to an opinion. Right to healthcare.
Article 13 Article 27
Right to information. Right to a decent standard of living.
Article 19 Article 28
Right to be protected from violence. Right to education.
Article 22 Article 31
Right to equal rights, whoever you are, wherever you Right to play and leisure.
live.

1 Bob has been blind since birth. Because he is blind, he doesnt go to the local school. All
he does all day is hang around waiting until his brothers come home from school and play
with him.
2 Jamie is one year old. He has had health problems since birth. This is not helped by the
fact that his home is damp and his parents are unemployed and so have little money for
extra food and medicines.
3 Mirona is ten years old. She came to England from Romania two years ago with her married
sister, but she wishes her mum and dad could come. Every time they try to enter the
country they are sent back.
4 Liam is eight years old. His family live on the sixth floor. Liam loves playing football but
the playground by his flat is often occupied by bigger boys who threaten him.
5 Natalie is frightened at school because of the gangs, and shes frightened where she lives
because of the thieves that hang around the local shops. Natalie wants to do well at school
and join a group with other children like herself who care about things.
9 If you were a member of the UN organisation, what would you suggest for the above situations?

12
3 Family Hygiene
A Dialogue
1 Read the dialogue, then answer the questions.
Camp Director: Your family can have a lot of fun putting together the following much needed
toiletry and hygiene kits for families going away from home on holiday.
Mother: How can we take all the items with us?
Camp Director: They can be wrapped in a bath towel and tied with a ribbon, or put in a plastic
container or sealable bag.
Mother: What are the items that we can
include in our kits?
Camp Director: You have the adults kit and the
childrens kit.
Mother: With different items?
Camp Director: Yes. Adult kits may include: one
bath towel, one face towel, one
bath soap, a brush, a comb,
deodorant, some lotion, shampoo,
dental floss, a tooth brush and
toothpaste. Childrens kits may
include: one bath towel, one face
towel, one bath soap, a small
floating toy, baby lotion, a hairbrush, some llotion,
otion ddental
entall fl
floss
floss, a too
toothbrush
thb
hbrush
h andd
toothpaste.
Mother: Ok, thank you. I think we are going to enjoy a healthy camp!

Questions
1 Where is the mother going with her family?
2 Who is giving her advice? What is the advice about?
3 What is the meaning of toiletry and hygiene?
4 Which of the items cited above do you think are indispensable for a camp?
5 What items would you add to the list if you were going camping?

13
B Liste
Listening
2 After listening to the doctors tips
on babies hygiene, say if the following
statements are True or False.
1 Caring for babies is a must for their own
benefit and for the benefit of their own
children in the future.
2 When babies are exposed to changes in
temperature, they become ill.
3 Dont add extra blankets when the child
has fever.
4 Babies should not be bathed every day.
5 Clean the outer part of the ear using
cotton wool buds.
6 Caring for babies doesnt mean only
feeding, washing and putting them to
bed; it also means giving them
interesting things to do.
3 Now choose one true statement from above
and explain it in your own words.
D Grammar
Present continuous and time phrases
We use the present continuous to talk
about future appointments.
7 Make questions with the verb in the present
continuous. Add a preposition (on, in or at) if
necessary.
1 What time - she - arrive - Thursday?
What time is she arriving on Thursday?
2 Who - you - meet - this afternoon?
3 Where - you - go - Friday?
4 you - come - to the office - Thursday?
5 he - arrive - 6 oclock?
6 Who - meet - Mr Roberts - 12th June?
7 What - you - do - tomorrow?
8 he - go - to London - July?
9 they - leave - 2.30?

C Vocabulary
4 What things do you recognise in the picture
of the kitchen on the right? Label the items
with the words from the list.
oven microwave sink cupboard
surface ridge fridge

5 What is wrong with the kitchen in the

picture on the right?
6 Read about how to have a safe and healthy
kitchen. Then write two more safety or
health rules.
1 Open windows to get fresh air.
2 Dont put cupboards above the cooker.
3 Keep all knives away from children.
Dont let children touch knives.
4 Always watch hot saucepans carefully.
They can boil over or catch fire if they
get too hot.
5 Dont use electrical items near the sink
or water.
6 Clean surfaces and equipment before
and after you prepare food.
7 Always keep raw meat away from other
food.
8 Dont put the fridge next to the cooker.

14
 Family Hygiene
E Good Sleep Hygiene
8 Put the missing information in the right place.

Keep daytime naps to 20 minutes

Now is the time to stop that unhealthy pattern.
Put your hand on your stomach so you can feel yourself exhale properly.
Cut out caffeine at least 6 to 10 hours before bedtime.
It is at a temperature you like, it is dark and soft music is playing.

When you dont get enough sleep, you do not feel like doing anything. (1) _______________.
The following are tips to help you relax. If you wake up during the night, practise deep
breathing by inhaling through your nose and exhaling through your mouth for at least 10 slow
counts. (2) _______________Your daily diet can also have an impact on what kind of sleep
you will get at night. (3) _______________. If you go to bed at 10:00 p.m. that means you
have to
stop caffeine around noon. Do not eat for two hours before going to bed. If you have trouble
falling asleep, make sure the room has the right atmosphere. (4) _______________.
(5) _______________. Though you may not feel it, this is just enough to refresh your mind
and body and cope with the stress of the day.

F Dental Hygiene
9 Read a mothers questions about dental hygiene and the dentists answers and write the words
in brackets in the right form.
How can I best (careful) (1) __________ for my childs teeth?
Good (dentist) (2) __________ hygiene habits should begin before your childs first tooth
appears. Wiping your babys gums with a soft damp cloth after (feed) (3) __________ helps to
prevent the build-up of bacteria. When teeth appear, start using a soft childs toothbrush twice
a day. Once your child is preschool-age, start (use) (4) __________ toothpaste. Dont cover
the brush with toothpaste. Young children tend to swallow most of the toothpaste.
What are cavities?
Cavities are holes that are formed when bacteria in your mouth use the sugar in food to
make acid. This acid eats away at the teeth. Cavities are the most common dental problem in
children.
Is my child at risk for cavities?
Your child might be at risk for cavities if he or she eats a lot of (sugar) (5) __________ foods,
such as raisins, cookies and candy, and drinks a lot of sweet liquids, such as fruit juice, soda
and (sweet) (6) __________ drinks.
How can I help stop cavities?
Teeth should be brushed at least twice a day and adults should floss once a day. Everyone
should see the dentist (two) (7) __________ a year. Have your dentist show you the right way
to brush your childs teeth.
When should I start taking my child to the dentist?
You should take your child to a dentist around his or her first birthday. This gives the dentist a
chance to look for early problems with your childs teeth. Pediatric dentists (special)
(8) __________ in the dental health of children.
10 Which of the above dental hygiene habits did you know about? Which were new to you? Can you
add any more?

15
G Reading
11 Read the text then answer the questions.

Tips for a gleaming home

If you despair at unsightly smears on your windows and glass surfaces, or cant quite get that
stainless steel to shine like it once did, fret not! Here we come to the rescue with our tried
and tested tips for a spotless home!

Before cleaning the microwave, get a small glass or bowl of cold water, add a few drops of
lemon juice and microwave on full heat for about five minutes. The steam helps loosen dried
food and the lemon juice helps cut through grease.

Another tip for cleaning mirrors is to use shaving foam on them. Foam leaves behind a bit of
residue on the glass and makes it easier to clean.

Cleaning stainless steel draining boards with lemon juice brings back their lovely gleaming
shine!

Nothing beats a mixture of half water and half white vinegar, wiped with a newspaper on
windows.

Rub a little fabric softener on light bulbs around the house. When you use them and they warm
up, you get a lovely aroma!

Questions
1 What is the meaning of the following words? Choose the right answer.

gleaming a welcoming b shiny c dull

smears a stains b roots c goblets
fret not a afraid b cleaned c dont worry
spotless a clean b mark c dirty
steam a mixture b vapour c boil
residue a bulb b seat c remains of a substance

2 Who can make use of the tips in the text?

3 Choose the most two important tips and rephrase them.
4 Write two new tips that you have tried around the house and that worked.

16
4 Healthy Life and
A Dialogue
1
Healthy Food
Read the dialogue and answer the questions.
Chef: H ello! T oday we are going to learn how to cook siyadiyeh.
Mother 1: Ex cellent! M y kids love to eat fish.
Mother 2: And fish is very healthy.
Chef: O K. Fir st we wash the fish and heat a little oil in a frying pan. W e fry the fish until
it is cooked.
Mother 1: I s there any sauce to prepare?
Chef: O f course! Ch op the onions into small pieces, heat half a cup of olive oil and fry the
onions until they are brown. Add the spices and water and cover and boil for 15
minutes.
Mother 2: W e need to prepare rice too.
Chef: T hat is correct. So, after preparing the rice, we put it on a plate with the pieces of
fish and serve the sauce separately.
Questions
1 oD you like siyadiyeh?
2 oD you make it the way it is described in the dialogue?
3 M atch the words from the recipe with the definitions.
a serve 1 cook at a high temperature in a little
oil or butter
b cover 2 make something hot
c fry 3 clean in water
d boil 4 cut up in small pieces
e chop 5 heat something in water at 100
degrees
f heat 6 put together a dish containing other
ingredients
g wash 7 arrange the food on a plate and give it
to the family
h add 8 put a lid on a saucepan

17
B Liste
Listening
2 Listen to the recipe for spinach with meat. Fill in the blanks with the correct verb.
(1) _ the spinach carefully in clean water. (2) _ it into small pieces.
(3) _ the pieces in water with a little salt for half an hour. (4) _ the
onions, minced meat and nuts in butter in a saucepan for 15 minutes. (5) _ the
spinach out of the water and (6)__ _ it to the onions and meat. (7) _ for
another 30 minutes. (8) _ very hot with rice.
C Healthy eating
3 Read the following menus. Write H if you think that the food on the menu is healthy and UH if
you think it is unhealthy.
2
1 Starter
Starter
Main course
Main course tabbouleh
Fried spring rolls
Dessert

double-cheese Dessert
boiled vegetable
burger with fries with steamed rice

double-chocolate fruit salad

doughnut
4
3 Starter
Starter

Main course Main course stuffed vine

Fried shrimps leaves

Dessert Dessert

Veal in cream
chicken in sauce
cream sauce
ice cream Mocca mousse
and brownie
6
grilled fish
5
Starter
Main course Starter
Main course
chicken salad
Dessert
Dessert
seafood platter
grilled steak with
baked potato
milkshake
18 cream caramel
 Healthy Life and Healthy Food
D Speaking
4 Ask your partner the following questions write his answers. Is your friend following a healthy
diet?
H ow much fruit and vegetables do you eat per day?
H ow much protein do you eat per day?
H ow much carbohydrates do you eat per day?
H ow much fat do you eat per day?
H ow much milk and dairy products do you have per day?

E Grammar

Imperatives
We use the imperative form to tell people to do things and not to do things.
Examples
Eat your vegetables. your ex penses.
your ID. this column.
Spel l your surname. the nutrition the nutrition facts
Sh ow me facts label. L ook at label.
the address. Dont look at the number of
Dr ink your cup of milk. calories.
the ingredients.

5 Work in pairs: A gives an instruction; B follows the instruction.

Example A Spell your surname.
B H- A-M -D- A-N -I .
A Dont look at this column.
B I am not looking at that one. I am
looking at my expenses.
After five instructions, B gives A five instructions and A follows them.
6 Write a, an, the or (X) where no word is needed.
1 Our offices are in _ Dam ascus.
2 T hey are in _ large building.
3 _ _ building is near the university in Dam ascus.
4 M y favourite dessert is _ chocolate cake.
5 Ali is eating _ _ bar of chocolate.
6 Il l have _ fish and chips platter and my friend will have _ _ veggie
burger with _ orange juice.
7 M y brother wants to be _ _ dietician.
8 I always read _ _ nutrition _ facts label before buying _
food.

19
F Reading
7 Read the article about healthy eating habits then answer the questions.

I t is very important to eat well and stay fit. P eople are often worried that the food they eat is not
as healthy as it tastes. H ere are some healthy eating tips:

Fir st, you should prepare a daily menu for the whole week. M ake sure to include the correct
amounts of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals and salt. Fur thermore, during our
daily activities we lose a lot of water so it is very important to drink plenty of water every day.
M oreover, it is very important to avoid eating junk food such as potato chips, ice-cream, biscuits,
pastries, milkshakes and pizzas . If it is impossible for you to totally give up junk food, try cutting
down gradually until you are confident enough that you can do without it. Also, a diet with fresh
vegetables, fruits and nuts is a great option for a healthy eating plan.

Fin ally, no healthy eating plan would work without regular ex ercise. A good workout everyday will
definitely improve your health and help you to maintain a healthy lifestyle.
Questions
1 Cir cle all the linking words in the article.
2 What are the tips for healthy eating that are mentioned in the article?
3 G ive your friend two health tips that are not mentioned in the tex t.
4 Wr ite a short paragraph in which you tell your partner about your eating habits.
G Vocabulary
8 Fill in the blanks with the proper nutrient. Then answer the question by writing the circled letters
in order.

1 Br ead, cereals and pasta are ex amples of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .

2 _ _ _ , fish and poultry are high in _ _ _ _ _ .
3 I like _ _ _ _ , such as apples and peach, but I hate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ like
broccoli and peas.
4 Y ou should have 2 to 3 servings of milk, yoghurt and other _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .
5 Dont eat lots of peanut butter because it contains lots of _ _.
Where can you find all these nutrients?
They are all on the __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __.

20
FASHION CORNER 1
Sewing Machines

A sewing machine is a textile machine used to stitch fabric or other material together with
thread. It uses two threads to create a seam.

How to use a sewing machine

One part of the thread comes from a cylinder and is pushed through the fabric by a needle. At the
same time, the second thread from the bobbin is pushed upwards from under the fabric and the
two threads form a stitch. This is repeated several times until a line is formed where two or more
layers of fabric are stitched together. This is called a seam.

A good quality sewing machine will function perfectly for many years if it is properly maintained.
You may need to adjust it or replace some parts. Sewing machines generally need to be regularly
cleaned and lubricated.

How to maintain a sewing machine

Buy a high-quality brand of sewing machine oil. Unplug your sewing machine. Apply a single
drop of oil to every part of your sewing machine that moves. Give the oil time to be absorbed by
letting your sewing machine stand for a few minutes. Plug your sewing machine back in. Put some
scrap fabric through the sewing machine, running its moving parts at a slow but constant rate.
This will let the oil spread evenly throughout the parts that need lubrication to maintain optimal
performance.

Questions
A Match the words with their definitions.

1 thread a put oil

2 stitch b cord
3 lubrication c piece
4 unplug d best
5 scrap e a method of securing thread into textiles
6 constant f stable
7 optimal g stop power connection

B Put the parts of the sewing machine in their appropriate place.

balance wheel bobbin

bobbin case bobbin compartment
bobbin winder feed dogs
foot pedal needle
presser foot presser foot lifter
reverse lever spool pin
spool thread stitch length regulator
stitch selection stitch width regulator
thread guide thread take-up

21
5 Food Preservation
A Dialogue
1 Read the dialogue then answer the questions.
Chef: Hello! Today we are going to learn how to make
exotic fruits jam.
Mother: Excellent! My kids love to eat jam. What do we
need to make this jam?
Chef: Youll need 3 cups of bananas, 3 cups of oranges,
4 cups of cantaloupes, 4 cups of sugar and
cup of lemon juice.
Mother: What do we do with the ingredients?
Chef: First you need to peel and dice the cantaloupes
and oranges. Then put the lemon juice, oranges
and cantaloupe in a pan, and bring to the
boil. Simmer the mixture for 15 minutes. Next,
add the sugar and fruit rinds, and continue to
simmer for half an hour, stirring occasionally.
While the mixture is simmering, slice the
bananas and add them to the jam. Continue to
simmer for a further 15 minutes. Then remove
any surface scum and pour the jam into hot
sterilised jars. Dont forget to seal the jars very well.
Mother: What about waxed paper; do we need it?
Chef: This jam occasionally grows a layer of mould on the surface, so its a good idea to
place a layer of waxed paper on the surface of the jam before sealing the jar.

Questions
1 Do you like jam? What is your favourite flavour?
2 Match the words from the recipe with the definitions.
a pour 1 remove the outer skin from a fruit
b dice 2 cook food just below boiling point
c peel 3 flow out of or into a container
d simmer 4 cut food into small cubes
e slice 5 put or mix ingredients together
f add 6 cut food into thin pieces
3 What do the words in bold refer to?

22
4 Arrange the following steps of jam making in the correct order.

_____ Remove any surface scum and pour the jam into hot sterilised jars.
_____ Place lemon juice, oranges and cantaloupe in a pan, and bring to the boil.
_____ Peel and dice the cantaloupes and oranges.
_____ Continue to simmer for a further 15 minutes.
_____ This jam occasionally grows a layer of mould on the surface, so its a good idea to place a
layer of waxed paper on the surface of the jam before sealing the jar.
_____ Add the salt, sugar and fruit rinds, and continue to simmer for half an hour, stirring
occasionally.
_____ Simmer for 15 minutes.
_____ Seal very well.
_____ Slice the bananas and add them to the jam.

B Liste
Listening
2 Listen and complete the table.

Advantages of preserving food at home

Good fruits for jam making
Bad fruits for jam making
Fruit-to-sugar ratio
Right temperature for cooking jam

C Vocabulary
3 Read the recipe for Jam Tarts. Fill in the blanks with the correct verb from the words below.

add chill combine cut knead fold

mix place roll seal

First, (1) _______________ together flour and butter until the butter is the size of a small
marble. Make the dough and (2) _______________ sweetener, egg yolk, water and lemon rind,
then quickly (3) _______________ all the ingredients. Next, place the dough on a floured
surface and (4) _______________ together for 5 minutes. Then roll the dough into a ball and
(5) _______________ it in the refrigerator. After thirty minutes remove the dough from the
fridge and (6) _______________ it to 1/4-inch thickness, and then (7) _______________
it into 4-inch squares. Then, put a tablespoonful of jam in the centre of each square,
(8)_______________ into a triangle and (9) _______________ the edges. Finally,
(10) _______________ on greased baking trays and bake in a preheated oven at 400 degrees
for 10 minutes. Tarts will be golden brown when done.

23
D Grammar
The present simple tense
We use the present simple tense for things that are true all the time (I like ice-cream.) and for
things that we do regulary (She travels to work by bus.)
Questions, short answers and negatives are made with do and does.

I/You/We/They travel go do have

(Note the spelling)
He/She/It travels goes does has
Question Short Answer Negative
Do you like ... ? Yes, I do. / No, I dont. I dont like ....
Does he like ... ? Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt He doesnt like .....

4 Read about Rubas day. Then ask and answer as in the examples.
Rubas Day
9 a.m. starts work
morning peels and dices fruit, makes various types of fruit jam.
1 p.m. has lunch
afternoon puts the jam in jars
5 p.m. goes home

Example 1
A When does she start work?
B She starts work at nine oclock.
Example 2
A Does she start work at eight?
B No, she doesnt. She starts work at nine.
A Does she make jam in the morning?
B Yes, she does.
5 Make four sentences about the working day of a person that you know.
E Reading
6 Read the following magazine article then answer the questions.
Because food is so important for survival, food preservation is one of the oldest technologies
used by human beings. There are different methods to preserve food. Some are traditional,
such as pickling or coating food in salt, while others are more modern, such as freezing and
vacuum packing. In this weeks issue, read about recipes and tips that are given by housewives
for preserving food.
DDeema from Aleppo
MMy kids love spaghetti and whats a spaghetti without a fresh home-made
ttomato sauce! I have discovered a simple way to preserve tomato sauce;
yyou can just put it in your freezer.

Now, tto ffreeze stewed

N t d tomatoes, first you should wash the tomatoes and remove the stem, scar
and core. Cut the tomatoes in halves or quarters. Next, put them in a saucepan. Make sure to
cover and cook until tender for about 10 to 20 minutes. Set the pan containing the tomatoes
in cold water to cool. Finally, pack the tomatoes into containers and store them in your freezer
until needed.
Tip: Exclude as much air from the package as possible. Close the container, label and
freeze. Store at -18C F or below.
24
 Food Preservation
Ruba from Damascus
I am always keen that my children have healthy nutritious snacks such as
fruit with cereal. So whenever they ask for an afternoon snack, I simply give
them a bowl of cereals with sugar-packed fruit.

This snack is not only healthy but also very easy to prepare. Fir st, wash the fruit and remove
the leaves or seeds if they have any. Cut the fruit in pieces and put sugar on them. St ir until
most of the sugar is dissolved. Fin ally, put the mix ture in clean jars. M ake sure you close the
lid firmly.

Tip: Store canned or bottled foods in a cool, dry place. Ideally, the temperature should be
below 20C.

Questions
1 What are the food preservation methods that are mentioned in the article? H ave you tried any
of them?
2 N ame any food preservation method that you know about that is not mentioned in the article.
G ive a brief description or an ex ample.
3 What do the words in bold refer to?

25
6 Setting the Table
A Dialogue
1 Read the dialogue then answer the questions.
Host: Good evening ladies and gentlemen, and
welcome to another episode of Mind Your
Manners. Our episode tonight is about
table setting. So, lets welcome our guest
for tonight Ms Shaza, whose book The
Etiquette of Dining has just been published.

Audience applause

Host: Good evening Ms Shaza and welcome to

the show.
Ms Shaza: Thank you. Im delighted to be here tonight.
Host: In your book, a copy of which I have here, you demonstrate an in-depth
knowledge of the history and practice of table setting techniques. Could you
please summarise for us the main points to remember when setting a table.
Ms Shaza: Well, as I mentioned in the first chapter of my book, the principles of table setting
are very simple. You should always start with the tablecloth. Make sure you have a
protective layer underneath it. The tablecloth should hang about 1 feet over the
edge. Next place the mats for warm dishes and, between them, the candle holders.
In the centre you should put the dinner plates, while salad or bread plates should
be placed slightly to their left. While placing the cutlery, start from the outside
of the plate and move towards the inside. In other words, the cutlery to be used
first should be placed the farthest from the dinner plate. A dessert fork and spoon
are placed towards the top of the dinner plate, in a horizontal position. The blades
of all the knives face towards the plate. To the right of the dinner plate, put the
coffee cup. The water glass is always kept on the right hand side of the dinner
plate, to the top left of the coffee cup. Finally comes the turn of the napkins.
Napkins are folded in rectangles and placed underneath the salad and dinner forks.
You can also place them in a napkin ring on top of the dinner plate.

26
Questions
1 What do the words in bold refer to?
2 Read the dialogue again. Underline all the items that are essential in table setting.
3 Circle the position words mentioned in the dialogue. Dont repeat the same position words
twice.
4 What are the correct places for the silverware, dishes and glasses on a dinner table?
Ask and answer.
Example
Student 1: Where do we put the candle holders?
Student 2: Place the candle holders in between the mats.

B Liste
Listening
2 Listen and number the pictures.

27
 Setting the Table
C Grammar
The two present tenses
TENSE PRESENT MEANING FUTURE MEANING
Present simple tense Permanent situations or Timetables
routines Examples
Examples The next train leaves at 11:35
I live in Syria. Where do you What time do the guests
live? arrive?
Where do you place a cup on
the dinner table?
Present continuous tense Temporary things happening Appointments and
now arrangements
Examples Examples
She is folding the napkins Im meeting him tomorrow
with her mother. What time are the guests
coming?

3 Choose the correct present and make complete sentences like the example below.
1 What time (you have) lunch?
What time are you having lunch tomorrow?
2 She usually (come) to work by taxi.
3 Can you help me? I (set) the table for tonights dinner party.
4 (you) him in Lattakia tomorrow?
5 Guests sometimes (arrive) late.
6 (you come) to the reception by car or by taxi?
7 Where (you go) now?
8 My cousin is a waitress. She (set) tables.
9 (he like) his job?
10 When (you call) for a reception?
D Reading
4 Read the article then answer the questions.
Mind Your Table Manners Internationally!
Table manners vary from culture to culture. What is acceptable in one country may be
considered extremely rude in another. Although the concept of good manners varies a lot when
we compare different cultures, values and basic good manners dont generally differ very much
from country to country. Here are some basic rules of international etiquette that you should
be aware of.
Always say please when asking for something. Be sure to say thank
you to the person serving you after they have removed any used
items.
Food is served from the left. Dishes are removed from the right. Dont
forget to keep your elbows off the table.
Do not talk with your mouth full. Chew with your mouth closed.
Cut only enough food for the next mouthful. Eat in small bites and
slowly.

28
 For Italian people, it is very important not to eat spaghetti with a fork and a spoon; only use
the fork. If you use a spoon they will immediately think you are a foreigner who is not able to
eat correctly.
If you visit Turkey, you should learn which knife is for which meat. However, if you are eating
chicken, you shouldnt use your knife and fork. You can eat it with your fingers.
If you want to have a good time eating in Korea, the most important thing is to keep respect
in mind. For example, you should be careful not to start to eat before any elderly people start.
You might look very rude. Moreover, you are not supposed to leave the table before the oldest
person finishes their meal.
Good manners are important in Chile. You have to cut the meat with the knife in your right
hand, then change the fork from the left hand to the right hand in order to eat.
When you come to Japan, if you eat something with people, youll hear them say Itadaki-masu.
This is said to show gratitude for the food you eat and to the person who prepared the food.
Finally, when travelling to a foreign country, you should ask for information about dining
etiquette there, though knowing the general rules will help you enjoy your meal in any place.

Questions
1 What do the words in bold refer to?
2 The text mentions:
a some general etiquette rules. Name three new examples that are not mentioned in the text.
b some etiquette rules from countries around the world. Name three rules that are followed in
Syria.
3 Knowing the general rules helps you enjoy your meal in any place. Do you agree or disagree?
Why?
4 Find in the text words that are synonyms of the following words.
hostess _______________________________
impolite _______________________________
manners _______________________________
old _______________________________

E Vocabulray
Unscramble the letters to make meaningful words.

1 eclrtuy _______________________________
2 aelpt _______________________________
3 fkor _______________________________
4 nopso _______________________________
5 efikn _______________________________
6 abcehlotlt _______________________________
7 aiknpn _______________________________
8 aglss _______________________________

29
7 Money and
1 Currencies
A Dialogue
Read the dialogue of a man opening
a bank account. Then ll in the form.
Banker: Good morning! How can I help you?
Salah: Id like to open a bank account, please.
Banker: Right. What kind of account - current or savings?
Salah: I need a current account, and Id also like a credit card and a debit card.
Banker: I see. Ill take down your personal details in a minute. Will you need an
overdraft?
Salah: Sorry? Will I need a what? I didnt catch that.
Banker: An overdraft. Some customers know in advance that they will need an overdraft.
Salah: No, I probably wont need one. Not at first, anyway.
Banker: We have a Privilege Account. It only costs 6 a month and you get lots of
benefits, like travel insurance and a 100 overdraft, if you should ever need one.
Salah: Im sorry. Im really only interested in free banking.
Banker: I see. Are you a student?
Salah: No, Im on a work assignment in London with an TICK TYPE OF ACCOUNT REQUIRED
CURRENT ACCOUNT
affiliate company; Ill be here for at least a year.
Banker: I see. Id like to suggest our standard Current Privilege
Account. That will give you free banking (Subscription @ 6 p.c.m.) ...........
providing you stay in credit. Are you interested Current
in Internet banking? (with overdraft facilities) ...........
Salah: Not for now. My office is just round the corner, Cashminder
so its quite easy for me to get to the bank (no overdraft facilities) ...........
during opening hours.
Banker: OK. Ill put a leaflet in your information pack, in Saving account ...........
case you change your mind. Visa credit card ...........
Questions Debit card ...........
1 How long will Salah stay in London?
a 1 month b 3-6 months c 6-12 months d 12+ months
2 Why isnt Salah interested in Internet banking?
3 How does Salah get the banker to repeat something? (3 phrases)
4 Underline the three phrases in the dialogue that mean if .
5 Why do you think the banker recommends the Privilege Account?
a Because customers like free benefits. b Some people cant obtain an overdraft.
c The bank makes bigger profits from this account. d Free banking isnt very popular.
6 Which account would be most suitable for a student, a person with a family and an office
worker?
30
B Liste
Listening D Talking about money
2 Listen to the dialogue about banks and 6 Complete the sentences and questions with
record the information in the pie chart. a word or phrase from the box.

coin bills coins p.a. change

supply the money note
3 Calculate the missing percentage. to the pound once a year
C Asking for repetition 1 How would you like ?
Asking politely for repetition 2 To make a phone call, put a 20p in
the slot.
(Im) sorry?/ Pardon? 3 Retailers need to keep a of coins.
Excuse me?/ Pardon me? 4 How many Euros do I get ?
Asking for repetition with a Wh- question 5 Could you give me two ten-dollar for
Can I speak to Helen? (To) who? this twenty, maam? ($20)
I dont like his suit. His what? 6 I found this 500 S.P. in your jacket
Your appointments for Monday. For when? pocket.
If you are not sure that you heard correctly, or 7 Interest is added to the account .
are surprised 8 Salaries for cashiers start at 17,000 .
9 Excuse me, have you got for this 50
I have a message for you. note?
A message? For me? 10 The UK has no 1 notes; instead it has
If you have forgotten what somebody said 1 and 2 .
Whats the number of the street again?
7 Where might you hear or read the sentences
4 Ask politely for repetition for the following and questions in 6?
sentences.
Example Example
1 How would you like the money?
A Your plane leaves at 8:40 am.
B Pardon? When? You might hear that in a bank.
C Eight forty in the morning.
8 Learn the following words for US coins.
1 Ive got a packet here for Ms Scotfree. 1 cent a penny
2 Could you put me through to the Loans 5 cents a nickel
Department?
3 The office is on the 27th floor. 10 cents a dime
4 Your taxi is here, sir. 25 cents a quarter
5 The room rate is 5,520 S.P. a night.
6 The overdraft rate is 11.5%.

5 Practise in pairs. Take it in turns to ask for

repetition.
1 Give your partner an address.
2 Give your partner an email address.
3 Give your partner directions.
4 Give a colleague a message.
5 Tell your friend a place to meet in town.
6 Tell your partner about a film / book /
video you enjoyed.

31
 Money and Currencies
E Vocabulary
9 Find formal words / phrases in the box for the words / phrases in italics.
complete free of charge require available
tariff typically advise occasionally

1 Are statements free or do I have to pay for them?

2 This is our list of charges for current accounts.
3 From time to time we open half an hour later on Wednesday mornings.
4 The cashiers are usually busiest at lunchtime on Saturdays.
5 When can I see the Loans Manager, please? (When is the Loans Manager ?)
6 Would you please fill in this form, sir?
7 We will tell you about any changes in interest rates on your deposit account.
8 Will you need a Debit Card to use with your current account?
The two present tenses
Countable and uncountable nouns
Countable nouns are things that we can count.
For example: There are four pencils. How many folders are there?
There are two boxes of paper clips.
Countable nouns have singular and plural forms.

Unit nouns are words like roll, box, packet, sheet, and are followed by of.
They have a singular and a plural and they are countable.
For example: I need a box of folders.
He doesnt have two sheets of paper.
Uncountable nouns are things that we cant count. Sellotape, glue and paper are uncountable
in English. (We can count bottles of glue, but we cant count glue.) Uncountable nouns have no
plural form.
For example: There is some glue. Is there any sellotape? How much paper is there?

F Grammar
10 Study the information in the box. Then complete the dialogues.
1 A There are some coins.
B How many coins __________ there?
A Not many. Just four.
2 A There __________ some elastic bands.
B How __________ elastic bands are there?
A Not many. Just __________ packets.
3 A There __________ some paper.
B How __________ paper is there?
A Not much. Just three sheets.
11 Work in pairs. Have similar conversations about other objects.

32
G Reading
12 Read the list of FAQs* then answer the questions.

A Customers Guide to Internet Banking

What does the service cost to use?
The Internet Banking Service is free of charge. However, Customer Service Request options
e.g. extra statements, do incur a charge, which is shown on the banks
standard tariff.
What do I need to use the service?
Firstly, you need to have a Downtown Bank Account and an e-mail address.
When is the Internet Banking Service available?
The service is available 24 hours a day, every day of the year. However,
occasionally we need to do routine maintenance on the service and this is done
typically between the following times:
Monday - Saturday: 03:00 - 03:30 Sunday: 12:00 - 06:00
A message will be displayed on your screen to advise you if the service is not
available.
Can I apply online for an account?
Yes. Select Personal Products from the Home page, select the product you require and click
on "Apply Now". You can then complete an online application that is sent securely to the
Bank.
Which personal accounts can I see online?
You should be able to see all your personal accounts when you log onto the service.
Will I still receive paper statements?
You will still receive paper statements. We are reviewing this situation at present and will
advise customers in due course should the situation change.
When are my balances updated?
Balances change as soon as transactions are transmitted to the account.
Is the service safe and secure?
The Internet Banking Service is protected by several layers of security, including two layers
of encoding technology.

Questions
1 What kind of services do customers have to pay for?
2 Will customers always have access to the online banking service?
3 How can customers open an account?
4 Can other people (in addition to yourself and the bank) find out details about your account?
5 Find the word this in bold. What does this refer to?
a make Internet banking available b do repairs
c serve customers d change the opening times
6 Find the phrase should the situation change in the text. What does should the situatio
mean?
a customers want a change b if the situation changes
c the bank wants a change d the situation must be changed
7 What are the main advantages of Internet banking for banks and customers?
* Frequently Asked Questions
33
8 Buying and
A Dialogue
1
Selling
Read the dialogue then answer the questions.
Lamia works in a clothes shop in Lattakia.
Lamia: Can I help you, Madam?
Juliet: Yes. Do you have this jacket in a smaller size?
Lamia: What size are you?
Juliet: Size 42.
Lamia: Ill have a look Yes. Heres one.
Juliet: Ah. Thank you.
Lamia: Would you like to try it on?
Juliet: Yes, please. (She puts the jacket on.)
Lamia: Its a nice jacket.
Juliet: Yes, I like it Ill take it.

Ali works in a takeaway restaurant. He takes orders by phone. Then

someone delivers the food to the customers homes.

Burger Takeaway.
Certainly, Sir. May I have your name and address, please?
OK. What would you like?
Three beef burgers. Large or small?
Thank you. Anything else?
OK. You should receive your order within 20 minutes.
Goodbye.
Questions
1 Juliet wants jacket.
a a smaller b a bigger c a cheaper d Lamias
2 Juliet buy the jacket.
a cant b doesnt want to c will d might
3 What does Ali do at the takeaway restaurant?
4 How do the customers get their food?
5 What does Ali ask for before he takes a customers order?
6 How long does it take to cook and deliver the food?
7 In your opinion, what is the customer saying to Ali (where you see three dots)?
34
B Liste
Listening D Helping customers in a shop
2 Listen to Ali and a customer. Complete 5 Complete the dialogues with phrases like
the form and calculate the total. these.
BURGER TAKEAWAY Can I help you?
tel 963-31-7648321 What size/ colour?
Customers name Mrs Brooks_____
Address Al Mansour street_______ Large or small?
Apartment No. ___ Would you like to try them on?
Telephone ___ Is that all?
1 A ________________ ?
B No, thanks. Im just looking.
Qty Item size SP A Youre welcome.
small 40 2 A Can I help you?
2 beefburger large 64 B Yes. Im looking for envelopes.
A ________________ ?
chicken burger small 40 3 A Can I help you, sir ?
large 64 B Yes. How much are these trousers?
small 16 A Theyre 500 S.P. sir. _____________?
chips medium 24 B Yes, please.
large 32 6 Work in pairs. Role play these situations.
salad - 24 Take turns to play the customer.
cola - 16
TOTAL

C Taking orders
3 Put this telephone conversation in the right
order. Only the rst and the last lines are
correct.
961-31-7613892
Id like 20 boxes of envelopes.
Brown, please.
Yes, thank you.
Whats your name, please?
Hello. Can I place an order, please?
White or brown?
Yes. Certainly.
Right. Twenty boxes of brown envelope.
Is that all?
David Thompson.

4 Work in pairs. Practise the conversation in

Exercise 3.

35
 Buying and Selling
E Vocabulary
7 Which word on the right describes the groups of words on the left?
1 knives, forks, spoons a furniture
2 chairs, tables, desks b stationery
3 cups, saucers, plates c correspondence
4 photocopiers, typewriters, calculators d crockery
5 letters, memos, faxes e food
6 pencils, rulers, paper clips f equipment
7 burgers, apples, chips g cutlery

F Grammar
8 Supply questions for these answers.
Example a What is the cost of this dress?
a ? This dress costs 200 S.P.
b ? I would like to order a large pizza, please.
c ? Ali works in a takeaway restaurant.
d ? Youll receive your order in 20 minutes.
e ? I prefer the blue dress.
f ? Your order is late because our driver was stuck in a traffic jam.

36
G Reading
9 Read the text then write labels for the ve items below.

W hen you buy things in a shop, you pay in cash. Its easy: the assistant may give you a
receipt, but there are no other documents or forms.
Paying for things like electricity and telephone service is more complicated. The supplier sends
a bill to the customer, which tells him how much to pay. The customer can go to the supplier
and pay in cash, but some customers write a cheque and send it to the supplier.
A cheque is a form which tells the bank to pay money to a person or a company. Of course, the
customer must put some of his money in the bank before he can write a cheque.
Another way of paying is with a plastic card. For example, a guest at a hotel can use his card
to pay the hotel bill. The hotel puts his card number and the amount on a form, and the guest
signs the form. Then the hotel can get the money from the bank.

Questions
1 What does a bill tell you?
2 What are two ways of paying for electricity?
3 Whose money does the bank pay to the supplier?
4 What is on the form that the hotel sends to the bank?

37
FASHION CORNER 2
Threads and Stitches

There are several distinct types or styles of embroidery: medieval, crewel and white work to name
just a few of them. White work is embroidered in white thread, on pure white fabric; it is not at
all difficult and is inexpensive to achieve. It does however have one drawback and that is that it
tends to show the crafters skill and each and every mistake.

The tools you will need for white work embroidery are minimal. Firstly, you need a nice piece
of fabric depending on the kind of item you wish to produce. You may start out with a white
muslin or linen.

The easier fabric to work with is usually cotton. Cotton is one of the least expensive fabrics
available. Linen makes some wonderful quality pieces that will last for many years with good care.

In addition to the fabric, we need a hoop to hold the fabric, a white thread and needles.

As for design, it can be as simple or as intricate as you desire it to be. On the one hand, you can
use your own designs to make something completely original, and on the other, you can follow the
designs of an embroidery book. Both work just as well. To transfer the design to the fabric, deep
blue usually works best and will eventually absorb itself into the fabric if it is not completely
covered by the embroidery design when it is finished. A tracer pencil or transfer paper will work
admirably for transferring the design if it is your own drawing.

The stitches you are most likely to use will be backstitch, stem stitch, satin stitch and chain
stitch. It is a good idea to purchase an inexpensive book of embroidery stitching as a guide to
stitches.

Above all, work with adequate lighting to make the work much easier on the eyes. Embroidery is a
hobby which can also become a career.

Questions
A What are the three main ideas of the text?
B Would you like to have embroidery as a hobby or a career? Why?
C Here is one example of embroidered work. Give three other examples you would like to have in
embroidery and share the ideas with your classmates.

38
9 Incomes and
Salaries
A dialogue
1 Read the dialogue and answer the questions.
Samira and Huda are speaking about their spending habits.
Samira: Hello Huda. Did you get your pay cheque?
Huda: Yeah, two days ago. And Ive already spent
a lot of it!
Samira: Well, me too. I spent 400 S.P. on groceries
then went to the cinema which cost 150 S.P.
Huda: I had to buy lots of things too. I got my
mother a gift for 200 S.P. and got myself a
pair of red shoes for 800 S.P. and some
books for 300 S.P.
Samira: And I still have to buy some CDs for my
brother and pay the telephone bill.
Huda: That will cost you around 800 S.P.
Samira: Yeah! I have to be careful or else I will run outt off money bbefore
f the end
th d off th
the
month!
Questions
1 How much did each lady spend?
2 Did Huda buy anything for herself? What was it?
3 Who bought food and went to the cinema?
4 What does Samira have to pay for later?
5 What problem might the ladies face in the future?
B Liste
Listening
2 Listen to Sally and complete her spending record for Friday and Saturday. Then calculate
the total below.

electricity bill 46 Thursday: 50.50

................
Thurs bus 2 Friday: ................
lunch 2.50 Saturday: ................
TOTAL: ................
Fri food
Sat hairdresser
39
C Money 4 When you deliver the goods, you collect
payment in full.
3 Work in pairs. Give your opinion about these 5 This document shows that you have paid
questions. Give examples if you can. Guess if some money to the supplier on account.
you dont know. 6 This document shows that some money
1 What is a typical hourly rate of pay for a has been credited to your account.
young shop assistant?
2 What is a typical annual salary for E Grammar
someone who has just left university? 6 Study these examples. Then ask and answer
3 What is a typical percentage rate of about the things below.
interest for (a) mortgages and (b) credit 1 a piece of cake? 5 some sweets?
cards? 2 some cola? 6 an orange?
4 How much does a small apartment in your 3 some dates? 7 a glass of water?
area cost (a) to rent and (b) to buy? 4 some sugar? 8 a piece of cheese?
5 How much do you think an average 9 an apple?
middle-class family spends on food in a
week?
6 How many Syrian pounds are there to (a) The pronouns one and some; many and much
the dollar and (b) the euro?
a cup of coffee? one.
D Vocabulary Would a sandwich? Yes, please.
4
you like some coffee? Id love
Match the underlined idioms with their some.
denitions. some crisps?
1 What you are saying is as sound as a 7 Two people are preparing for an ofce party.
pound. Look at the list and complete the dialogues.
2 I will give you a penny for your thoughts.
3 She has a heart of gold. A How many glasses have we got?
4 I will throw in my two cents regarding B Weve got glasses.
A How orange juice have we got?
this matter. B We havent got orange juice.
5 You should start cutting your losses
before it is too late. 8 Ask and answer about the other things on
the list. Take turns as A and B.
a This idiom is used as a way of asking
someone what they are thinking about.
b Avoid losing any more money than you We need...
already have by getting out of a glasses (30) cheese
situation before matters get worse. orange juice cola (8 litres)
c A genuinely kind and caring person. sandwiches lemonade
d It is very good or reliable. large cakes (3) small plates (30)
e Give your opinion on an issue. baklava large plates

5 Match the words to their meanings. 9 Discuss what is still needed and make a list.
cash on delivery receipt on account (You need enough for 30 people.)
account card credit advice A How much orange juice do we need?
supply contract cash discount B I think we need six large bottles.
A OK, six bottles. OR I think five is
1 You agree to supply a company with enough. OR I think we need seven
goods for a long time.
2 People in a company can use this card to
buy goods on account
3 When you pay cash for goods or services,
you receive a discount.

40
 Incomes and Salaries
F Reading
10 Read the story and answer the questions.

N ina works in a clothes shop in London. Yesterday afternoon, a customer came into the shop.
First, the customer chose a green skirt which cost 40. Next she chose a blue top, and then
she began to write a cheque for the two items.
But then she changed her mind about the skirt and said, I dont want the green one, and she
chose a blue one instead, which cost 38. After that, she finished writing the cheque while
Nina put the skirt and the top into a bag.
Then Nina took the cheque, which was for 64. She checked it carefully and noticed a problem:
the cheque did not have a signature on it, so she said politely, Im afraid you forgot to sign
the cheque. Could you sign it, please?
The customer looked surprised, apologised and signed the cheque.

Questions
1 The price of the was 40.
a green skirt b top c skirt and top d blue skirt
2 The customer wanted to pay by cheque for .
a a skirt b a top c two skirts d a skirt and a top
3 The customer the green skirt.
a paid for b could not find c preferred d did not buy
4 How much did the top cost?
5 What did Nina notice about the cheque?
6 How did she speak to the customer?
7 What did the customer say?
8 Is Nina good at her job? Give two reasons for your answer.

41
G Complete an invoice
11 You work in the accounts department of Household Design. Fill in the invoice (no. 0496/0097)
using the following information.

Transworld Freight have ordered 3 wastepaper bins (ref. C74741G), a red carpet (ref. C22094R
and 6 grey chairs (ref. C299421GR). Each bin costs 10 pounds. The carpet costs 160 pounds
and each chair costs 89 pounds. Transworld Freight sent the order (no. 019785) on 17
September this year.

Household 22 High St. Manchester, M1 2BL

Design & Co. LTD Tel: (061)7632555 Fax (061)7632588
email: accounts@householddesign.co.uk

INVOICE
Invoice Order no: Date:
To:
Qty Description Unit price Amount

10% discount for payment received within one calendar month.

Please quote invoice number when submitting payment.

42
10 Women and
A Dialogue
1
Work
Read the interview then answer the question.
Interviewer: Good evening, its my great pleasure to
introduce my guest today, the London-based
Syrian poet Razan Ayaso. Welcome to the
programme.
Razan: The pleasure is all mine.
Interviewer: Well, first I would like to ask you about your
experience as an immigrant poet. You have
lived in both Damascus and London. How
have the different lifestyles and cultures of both
th cities affected your work?
Razan: Once you are in a certain place, you might speak that countrys language
but your inner feelings will never change. I still feel I belong to Damascus.
Of course, it is difficult to compare cities, because each city has its own
uniqueness. I can say however that the chance to travel brought out the poet in
me.
Interviewer: Who supported you and encouraged you to publish your work?
Razan: My father was the person who encouraged me to publish my work. He believed
in me and thought I had talent. On the other hand, my husband also encourages
me and loves my small successes. He does not read my work but he likes to hear
me recite my own poetry.
Interviewer: You now have three books to your name; what are the different levels of
maturity and literature in each of them?
Razan: My first work was a collection of poems. When I first wrote it, I was not so
serious about poetry. I wasnt aware of the responsibilities of a writer to their
audience. I only thought of the feelings and emotions that I wanted to write
about. However, as I grew older, my writing developed and today my attitude is
different towards poetry. I put more effort into my second and third books.
Interviewer: If I ask you to describe yourself to me in one brief sentence, what would you
say?
Razan: I might seem like a strong character, but deep inside I am not.
Interviewer: I see. One last question. We all have our own dreams and wishes. I would like to
know what Razan Ayasos wish or dream is?
Razan: To live in Damascus.
Interviewer: Thank you for your time.
Razan: Youre welcome.
43
Question
Decide whether the sentences are true or false. Correct the false sentences.
1 Razan Ayaso is a Syrian poet living in London.
2 Both her husband and father supported her success, but it was her husband who encouraged
her to publish her work.
3 Razans husband enjoys reading her poetry.
4 As Razan grows older, writing poetry becomes easier.

B Liste
Listening
2 Listen to the interview and complete the graph.

C Vocabulary
3 Match the underlined idioms in sentences (1-5) with their meanings (a-e).
1 Dont worry about it. Its all in a days work.
2 He did the dirty work on that project.
3 Sorry, Ive got to get off the phone and get down to work.
4 Dont get worked up over the garden. Ill take care of it tomorrow.
5 I made short work of the assignment and moved on to the next job.

a become angry or annoyed about something

b do something quickly
c necessary, but uninteresting, or difficult work
d nothing special, part of the routine
e stop relaxing, focus on important task

44
 Women and Work
D Grammar
4 Ask and answer these questions about the chart below.
1 What was the percentage of women insured in 2002?
2 In 2002 which was the lowest percentage?
3 When was the percentage of fullly insured men the lowest?
4 In 1970, what was the percentage of fully insured women?
5 In 2002, who were more fully insured men or women?
6 In 1970 was the percentage of fully insured women lower or higher than 2002?
7 In 1970 was the percentage of women insured for disability lower or higher than 2002?

Past tense
Verb to be
I
he/she/it was/wasnt
you
we were/werent
they
Regular verbs
I
you Infinitive + - ed
he/she/it visited / invited
we walked / rained
they

92 93
84 85 85
75
63

41

45
E Reading
5 Read the following information about The Business Women
Committee then answer the questions.
The Business Women Committee was established in 2000 by
the Damascus Chamber of Commerce.

Who we are:
Businesswomen registered at Damascus Chamber of
Commerce who are enrolled on the committee.

Our goals:
To support and encourage the role of women in the
economy and in the social life of Syria.
To advance womens role in the development of our
national economy.
To promote the professional standard applied by the
Chamber of Commerce to our business.
To represent Syrian businesswomen and encourage mutual
cooperation between them and similar committees abroad.
To establish projects that will create employment opportunities for women.

Questions
1 Guess the meaning of the following words from the text: enrolled, advance, promote, mutual.
2 What do the words in bold in the text refer to?
3 Complete the following table by giving real examples from your daily life.

Goal Example(s)

To support and encourage the role of women in

the economy and in the social life of Syria.

To advance womens role in the development of

our national economy.

To represent Syrian businesswomen and encourage

mutual cooperation between them and similar
committees abroad .

To establish projects that will create employment

opportunities for women.

46
11 Work in the
A Dialogue
1
Future
Read the dialogue then answer the questions.
Khaled: Hi Samer. Did you decide what youre going to study at university?
Samer: Im not sure. I have two majors in mind.
Khaled: What are they?
Samer: I could major in computer science or I could go for mechanical engineering.
Khaled: Both majors are interesting. But if I were you I would go for computer science since
it has wider job opportunities, especially with recent and future developments in
technology in general and computers in particular.
Samer: Youre right, but the field of mechanical engineering opens the door for various job
opportunities, especially with the development of hydrogen-powered cars. Had you
thought of that?
Khaled: Oh, that idea is even better.

Questions
1 What are Khaled and Samer talking about?
2 What do the words in bold refer to?
3 Which major do you think Samer will go for? Why?

B Liste
Listening
2 Listen and answer the following questions.
1 Who is the programmes guest?
2 What is the main idea in Mr Malones book The Future of Work.
3 How does Mr Malone view the future of organisations?
4 What advice does Mr Malone give to his students?

47
C Vocabulary
3 Match these idioms with their meanings.
1 Janet works like a horse!
2 Dont worry about your problems. Everything will work out for the best.
3 She went to the gym to work off a few pounds.
4 She kept the family together by working her fingers to the bone.
5 The mouse worked itself into the crack and got stuck.
6 I worked through the forms very slowly.

a eventually finish well

b lose weight
c to get into something tight or small gradually and with effort.
d to progress through something complicated.
e to work really hard
f work a lot, work very hard

D Grammar
Comparatives
Adj ective Comparative adj ective
Short words and -y words cheap cheaper
heavy heavier
Long words difficult more difficult
expensive more expensive
Irregulars good better
bad worse
cheap + er = cheaper
Note the spelling big + g + er = bigger
heavy (-y changed into -i) + er = heavier
4 Write the comparative form of these adjectives.
1 small 3 clean 5 cheap 7 big
2 wide 4 interesting 6 bad 8 useful
5 Complete the comparisons using the given word and than.
1 (wide) His screen is wider than hers.
2 (expensive) Are laptops __________ desktops?
3 (long) Is this cable __________ that one?
4 (good) This new computer is __________ the old one.
5 (easy to carry) A laptop is __________ a desktop.
6 (easy to use) Typewriters are __________ computers.
7 (useful) Computers are __________ typewriters.
8 (difficult to answer) Some questions are __________ others.

6 Make sentences comparing these things. Remember to use than.

1 pencils and computers
2 work in the past and work in the future
48
 Work in the Future
E Predictions
7 Read then answer the questions.
Business people and economists often try to predict the future. Sometimes their predictions
are right and sometimes they are wrong. These predictions are from the 1990s.

Computers will become common in Europe and America in the 21st century, but other parts of
the world wont be interested in these expensive toys. (1991)

For a long time, French was the foreign language of choice. But that has all changed, and
English will soon become the favourite of most young people. (1998)

There will not be any ATMs* at all in Syria before 2010. (1999)

Questions
1 People wrote these predictions
a five years ago b in 1990
c about Europe and America d about 21st century Syria
2 of the predictions were very wrong.
a All b One
c Two d None
3 One person said that would want computers.
a everyone b people in a few countries
c people in Syria d nobody
4 Why ATMs wont appear before 2010?

* Automatic teller machine: a machine that automatically provides cash and performs other
banking services on insertion of a credit card
49
F Reading
8 Read the text then answer the questions.
The Rise of the Emergent Worker

The workforce is experiencing a major shift in basic attitudes about work and the organisations
that employ them. The simple fact is that workers at all levels and of all ages are experiencing
a shift in their attitudes towards what makes a good job.

For an emergent worker, loyalty comes not from tenure but from his or her perceived
contribution (and from the opportunity the company provides to make that contribution). In
this new world, loyalty has to be earned; it definitely is not a given.

Emergent workers see job changes as positive growth experiences, not something to be
embarrassed about. They accept the idea that individuals are responsible for planning and
managing their own career paths. They believe deeply that advancement should be based on
performance, not on length of service. And job security is no longer enough to keep people
committed to a job or an employer.

What are the implications of this trend for employers?

Simply put, emergent workers expect to be managed differently from traditional workers. So
if you want the kind of self-directed, highly engaged, high-performing talent that emergent
workers possess, you need to run your business operations in a way that is consistent with
their new expectations. That means much more emphasis on work/life balance, fl exible work
options, pay for performance, varied career paths, and managers who dont direct work so much
as they mentor people. And that is a really big shift for the maj ority of managers to make.

Questions
1 Fill the tables with the characteristics that differentiate a traditional employee from an
emergent one.
Traditional employee Emergent employee

2 Explain the words in bold.

3 What makes the change useful, according to the writer?
4 Do you believe in the change that the text is discussing?

50
12 Success in Life
A Reading
1 Read the article from a Syrian English language newspaper then answer the questions.

THE IDEAL SECRETARY

AND HER LUCKY BOSS
Huda Kassem is the works quickly and efficientl
winner of this years y. He or she
can follow instructions we
Good Secretary ll, always
stays calm, never forgets any
Competition. Her thing, and
is never late.
prize is a holiday in Huda has all these qualities.
Paris and London. She is also
pleasant and friendly, she
Miss Huda works speaks English
well and she learns fast.
for TST. She is 24 TST is a company that is gro
years old and single. wing fast
in a changing world. We nee
Her boss is TST* d people
who can work hard and we
Managing Director need people
Ali Al Mathiab. who can learn new skills.
We need more
What is Mr Alis definition people like Huda.
of a good Huda says, Its easy to be
secretary? Mr Ali says, A goo a good
d secretary secretary when youve got
is a reliable person who a good boss.

Questions
1 Huda is the winner of the competition 4 TST needs people who
because she a can learn b are growing
a will go to London b is very good at her bigger
job c do not like to change d cannot work
c wants a new job d is on holiday hard
2 In Mr Alis opinion, a good secretary 5 Is Huda a reliable person, and if so, why?
a works slowly b follows other people 6 What do you think Mr Ali means by a
c works well d stays late changing world?
3 Huda 7 What does Huda think of Mr Ali?
a is sometimes late b is not always polite
c is good at English d speaks quickly
Technical Syria Technostructure: a company in which a group of experts direct the workings of
industries
51
 Success in Life
B Liste
Listening D Giving definitions
2 Listen to a recording of Mr Ali talking 5 Which of these are people and which are
to a newspaper reporter about Huda. At machines?
the same time, read Mr Alis words in the 1 a waiter
newspaper and nd answers to the question 2 a photocopier
below. 3 a nurse
4 a bank clerk
3 What three differences are there between Mr 5 a video camera
Alis words and the words in the newspaper? 6 a fax machine
6 Match the people and machines from
exercise 5 to these phrases.
a works in a bank __________
b serves people in a restaurant __________
c records moving pictures __________
d makes copies of documents __________
e sends and receives documents
by telephone __________
f looks after people in a
hospital __________

(very) good 7 Practise these dialogues.

quite good football. A Whats a waiter?
He is not bad at swimming. B A waiter is a person who serves people in
not (very) English.
good a restaurant.
A Whats a photocopier?
B A photocopier is a machine that makes
play (very) well. copies of documents.
He can swim quite well.
We use who or that with people and which
He cant speak English (very) well. and that with things or animals.

8 Have similar dialogues about the other

C Describing abilities words in 5.
4 Ask other students about their abilities.
Example Can you swim well?
Are you good at maths?
1 swim
2 maths
3 following instructions
4 speak English
5 arriving on time

52
E Classifications
9 Complete the sentences with these words.

people machines animals shops businesses languages vehicles

1 Cars and trains are _____________ .

2 Photocopiers and computers are _____________ .
3 Arabic and French are _____________ .
4 Sheep and camels are _____________ .
5 Bookshops and supermarkets are _____________ .
6 Doctors and lawyers are _____________ .
7 Banks and travel agencies are _____________ .
F Grammar
Relative clauses
Word order is important in relative clauses.
pronoun subject verb object
1 A photocopier is a machine that makes copies.

2 A bicycle is a machine that people ride.

In sentence 1, that is the subject of the clause.

In sentence 2, that is the object, so there is no object after the verb.
A bicycle is a machine that you can ride.

10 Give denitions of these things and people. Use a classifying word and a relative clause with
the given words like the example below.
1 a supermarket (sells food) A supermarket is a big shop that sells food.
2 elephants (live in Africa and India) __________________________________.
3 a warehouse manager (manages a warehouse) __________________________________.
4 a train (travels on rails) __________________________________.
5 travel agency (helps travellers) __________________________________.
6 stationery shops (sell stationery) __________________________________.
11 Complete these denitions.
1 A hat is a thing _____________ you wear on your head.
2 Shoes are things _____________ .
3 Spanish is the language _____________ people speak in _____________ .
4 French is _____________ .
5 Horses and camels _____________ we can ride.
6 Cows, sheep and goats _____________ .
7 A bed _____________ a thing _____________ you sleep on.
8 A chair _____________ .

53
 Success in Life
G Reading
12 Read this interview between Helen Potter (HP)
and a reporter (R) and give short answers to
the questions.

R So, you work for TST?

HP Yes. Thats right.
R And youre 24.
HP Er no. Im 27 actually.
R Oh, sorry. 27. And youre single.
HP Yes.
R And youre a secretary. stions? Or do you want
HP Yes. Do you want to ask me some que
to tell me the answers? tion first.
R I just need to check the basic informa
HP Oh, OK.
R So, your boss is Mr Ali.
HP Thats right. Hes an excellent boss. you too.
R Yes. He says some nice things about
HP Does he? Thats nice. er forget anything and
R Yes, He says youre very calm. You nev
youre very reliable. surprised he knows me
HP Thats strange. Im quite new here. Im
that well. and friendly. You learn
R Oh yes. He says youre very pleasantl.
fast and you speak English very wel speak English very well.
HP Speak English very well? Of course I
I am English. a Syrian name.
R Youre English? But Huda Kassem is Kassem. Im Helen Potter. I
HP Youre right. It is. But Im not Huda person!
think youre interviewing the wrong

Questions
1 How old is Helen?
2 Is Helen married?
3 What does Helen do?
4 Who is Helens boss?
5 Why does Helen speak English well?
6 What nationality is Huda Kassem?
7 How old is Huda Kassem?
8 What mistake did the reporter make?
9 Find ten (or more) adjectives in the dialogue.
54
FASHION CORNER 3
Textiles

Interviewer: Today, we are interviewing Deema, a successful

fashion designer. She is here with us today to briey
discuss her life so far and her fashion aesthetic. First,
I would like to ask you from where you get your
inspiration.

Designer: From everywhere and everything. One time, I was

drinking my favourite coffee drink and that inspired a
dress. Another time, I saw a painting which inspired me.
My clothing is known for its abstract shapes. When I see one I like, I try to mimic it
in my clothing. For instance, I made a dress inspired by a trafc roundabout, with a
very circular bottom.

Interviewer: Will we see a lot of shapes in the line youll be showing at Fashion Week?

Designer: Yes, of course. I really adore the collection Ive done for Fashion Week. The inspiration
is spring and the colour palette is pink, off-white and soft grey. There are shorts,
skirts and trousers.

Interviewer: How did you learn to sew?

Designer: My aunt taught me. I stayed for a while with her and I watched her make pillow
cases and bedspreads. When I came back home, I hand-sewed everything. The year
I was 13, my sister bought me a sewing machine for my birthday.

Interviewer: What are the textiles you mostly use?

Designer: I use mainly synthetic textiles in the production of my clothing. I use polyester
bre either alone or blended with bres such as cotton. I use acrylic to imitate wools,
including cashmere, often as a replacement of them. I also use spandex, a
polyurethane bre that stretches easily and can be made tight-tting without
impeding movement. I use it to make swimsuits. Finally, I use Lurex, a metallic bre
for clothing embellishment.

Interviewer: Thank you for your time and good luck for the show!

Questions
A Is inspiration important in the career of a fashion designer?
B What type of fashion would you like to be able to make?
C What other types of textiles can be found in the market? Make a quick search on the Internet and
report your ndings to your class.

55
Review Units (1-3)
A You are going to ask your friend ve questions to get to know more about them. Use Yes/No
questions with be and what and who questions. Write them in the space provided and write your
friends answers.
Example Do you like to go to the movies ? What do you eat for lunch?

B How can you solve the following problems?

Situation One: Rima and Zeina have been invited to a really great party, but their good friend
Maysa has been deliberately excluded because people think shes weird. Rima and Zeina really want
to go to the party but they cant betray their friend Maysa.

Situation Two: When Rania was ten years old she begged and pleaded for a pet rabbit. Eventually
her parents bought her one and made a hutch for it. For a year or so Rania looked after it very
well but recently she has forgotten to feed it and change its bedding. Her mother has had to do it
and she keeps shouting at Rania for not taking care of her rabbit.

Situation Three: Jane has three children, Tom 9, Melanie 5 and Jenny 2. Jane has found that she
cant afford to pay for all the water she needs so she has started to cut down on water use. Is this
good for the familys health?

C Match the following adjectives about friendship with their opposites. Choose four to put in a
meaningful sentence.
caring mean
honest unfaithful
invaluable dishonest
kind indifferent
loyal dispensable
sincere unreliable
trustworthy untrue
understanding cruel

56
 Review Units (1-3)
D Put the verbs in the right tense: simple present or present continuous.
1 M any children (need) _ _ to learn about cleanliness.
2 Fr iendship (know) _ no barriers of country, culture, race or religion.
3 T he housing sector (benefit) _ _ from low interest rate.
4 Com panies (be) _ increasingly (embrace) _ target marketing.
5 T arget marketing (help) _ _ sellers identify marketing opportunities more
efficiently.
6 As prices (rise) _, the purchasing power of money (decline) _.
E Is the s in each sentence verb to be or possessive s?
1 I think hes not here.
2 T his is Rim as phone number.
3 Reem s Fadi as best friend.
4 Wh eres the soap?
5 Wh ose faults this?

F Make nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs from the following words.

Noun Verb Adjective Adverb

donate X X
cleanliness X
predictable
X X monthly
direct X

G Water is something everyone needs to be healthy. The following are some examples of
how we use water. Choose whether each use of water is a luxury. Circle L if you think it is a
luxury and N if you think it is a necessity.
1 washing machine L N
2 washing hands L N
3 drinking L N
4 taking a bath L N
5 taking a shower L N
6 swimming pool L N
7 cooking L N
8 washing fruits and vegetables L N
9 cleaning windows L N

57
Review Units (4-6)
A Read the following tips. Make the necessary changes to make them give more healthy advice.
1 You should eat a wide variety of foods that contain lots of fat.
2 It is healthy to eat lots of vegetables and fruits because they are low in vitamins and minerals
and high in fats, sodium and calories.
3 You may eat oily, high calorie snacks for breakfast.
4 You can always skip your breakfast.
5 Your lunch should be the smallest meal of the day.
6 You should start every meal with a high fat starter, such as chocolate pudding or a double
chocolate milkshake.
7 You should eat fast and make sure to eat more than the amount required to digest faster.
8 Excess eating decreases the risk of health issues such as heart and weight problems.

B Rewrite the sentences from exercise A in the imperative form whenever possible.

C Put the following steps to set the table in the correct order.
That is, to the left of the plate is the fork. To the right of the plate are the knife and the
spoon. The knife is placed to the right of the plate with the sharp edge toward the plate.
To the right of the knife is the spoon.

If you are serving a salad, the salad fork is placed to the left of the dinner fork.

If you are serving soup, set the bowl on the plate and a spoon to the right of the beverage
spoon.
Furthermore, the cup and saucer are put in front of the spoons with the handle toward the
right. The water glass can be positioned to the left of the coffee cup.

Finally, napkins can be placed behind the forks or on the plate for an informal setting.

First, place the dinner plate in the centre of the place setting and arrange everything else
around it.

For instance, the tableware is arranged around the plate in the order in which it will be
used.

58
 Review Units (4-6)
D Arrange the letters in the following words and use them in meaningful sentences.
efragiergrtin
ningacn
vcaumu cinakpg
E Fill in the blanks with the proper verb from the box below.
add mix pour peel set wash stir store

1 juice and lemon juice into a 4-quart kettle or saucepan. well.

2 light corn syrup. well.
3 in freezer or refrigerator.
4 and the peaches.
F Choose the correct sentence for each situation.
1 You want to invite a friend to a dinner party on Friday. You say:
a I have a dinner party on Friday. Do you want to come?
b Im having a party on Friday. Do you want to come?

2 A friend invites you to a snack bar at lunch time. You say:

a Thanks, but I always go home for lunch.
b Thanks, but Im always going home for lunch.

3 You havent decided yet who to invite to your wedding reception. You say:
a I think about it.
b I am thinking about it.

4 A friend asks: Do you like lemon tea? You reply:

a I prefer tea with milk.
b I am preferring tea with milk.

59
Review Units (7-9)
A Match the following banking words with their denitions and choose four to put in meaningful
sentences.
1 Stop payment
2 Time deposit
3 Demand deposit
4 Money order
5 Overdraft
6 Compound interest
7 Bank discount
8 Debt instrument
a interest on an annual basis deducted in advance on a loan
b interest calculated on both the principal and the accrued interest
c a written promise to repay a debt
d a written order for the payment of a sum to a named individual;
obtainable and payable at a post office
e a draft in ex cess of the credit balance
f a certificate of deposit from which withdrawals can be made only
after advance notice or at a specified future date
g a depositors order to a bank to refuse payment on a cheque
h a bank deposit from which withdrawals can be made without
notice

B Put the correct banking word in the right place.

notice withdraw cash open a bank account direct bank transfer cash the cheque
bank card pin number current account interest savings account deposit
cash machines cheque book rate of interest write cheques

Ev erybody nowadays needs to _. T here are two main types of accounts: a

_ and a _. Y ou can use a current account for your day-to-day banking
needs. Y our bank might give you a _ _, which allows you to _ _ to pay for
goods and services. Y oul l probably also have a _ _ which allows you to _
from _ and to pay for goods in shops. Y ou get a secret _ (personal
identification number) that you use when you withdraw cash. If you receive a cheque, you can
_ it at your bank. Y ou can also pay in cash. If you want to convert your cheque
into cash, you can _. Som e companies can also pay money into your account via a
_. A savings account should pay you _. M ost banks give you a different
_ depending on how much you are saving, and how much _ you give
before withdrawing money.
C Choose a suitable word to continue the sentences.
1 If you go abroad you dont have to take a lot of cash with you. In stead, you can take ......
cheques with you, which are accepted in most hotels, restaurants and shops all over the
world.
a tourist b travellers c travel
2 H ere is a small ...... . Y oul l get the rest of the money after the job is finished.
a benefit b advance c preview
3 H eres a ten-pound ...... , Sir .
a invoice b bill c note
4 What is the ......... in P oland. I ts the P olish Z loty .
a money b currency c greenback
5 If you work longer than your usual working day you should be paid ....... .
a outgoing b overdue c overtime
6 I dont get paid in cash. M y salary is paid into my bank ....... .
a deposit b debt c account
7 T he long-term loan you take from a bank to buy a house or flat is called a(n) ....... .
a mortgage b overdraft c account
8 I need to ......... my belt, and cut down on the money I spend on lux uries.
a loosen b tighten c do
60
 Review Units (7-9)
D Put some and any in the correct place.
Do you need _________ advice about this project?
_________ people would like to talk to you if you have the time.
She has not seen _________ employees yet.
Ive got _________ more questions to ask you if you dont mind.
I found _________ material for this project but couldnt find _________ information on that.
E Complete the sentences (1 & 2) with a phrase (a - d) by adding the correct relative pronoun.

1 There is a team of highly qualified a _________ will study your proposal.

secretaries available, b _________ you can send and receive faxes.
2 There is a fax machine at the front c _________ will finish the report overnight.
desk, d _________ will help you with your paperwork.

F The following words are uncountable. Match them with the proper expression to be used in the
plural meaning. Write ve sentences using ve different expressions.
advice
time
A lot of experience
Some help
A piece of money
A bunch of information
people
news

61
Review Units (10-12)
A Complete the following facts about women in the workforce in the early 1990s by using the
words in brackets in their correct form.
1 Women experienced their highest labour force (participate) rate of all time in
1992.
2 Women represented 45 percent of all persons, men or women, in the (civil)
labour force in 1992.
3 The (employ) rate for all women in the labour force was 6.9 percent in 1992.
4 Women have made progress in obtaining jobs in virtually all (manage) and
professional (occupy) .
5 Working wives contribute (substantial) to family income.
6 The median weekly (earn) of families maintained by women in 1992.
B How would you solve the following problems?
1 Nada works as a secretary. She forgot to note down that her boss, Mr Samer, has a lunch
meeting with the General Manager on Thursday. Mr Haddad calls and wants to meet with Mr
Samer Thursday at lunchtime. Now Mr Samer has two lunch appointments on Thursday.
2 Zeina works at a shipping company. She has a very important shipment coming in from Dubai.
Zeina needs the day off because her child is sick. Only Zeina can sign the delivery report.
3 Rima is very successful at her job. Recently she has received a scholarship to continue her
studies. Now, Rima has to choose between her successful career and her studies because the
universitys schedule overlaps with her working hours in the office.
C Put the correct comparison related words in the right place.
more much better more harder much quicker more
1 My job is getting harder and . I cannot cope.
2 The earlier we leave the well arrive.
3 Its becoming more and difficult to find time to finish all this.
4 Do it when you can but the sooner its done, the .
5 I much prefer this candidate. I thought she was better than the other one.
6 Its a little bit expensive but much better quality.
7 Ive been working hard on my presentation but it isnt better.
8 Could you speak slowly, please? Its a bad line.
D Choose the correct word to complete the following sentences.
much a some a number of a little many

1 There are opportunities for promotion here.

2 I need time to think over this proposal. Can we meet again tomorrow?
3 Im getting bored with this job. I need a change.
4 women believe that working mums are happier than stay-at-home mums.
5 businessmen believe that the future of work is very promising.
6 We need bonus payment as an incentive.

62
 Review Units (10-12)
E Choose the correct verb and write it in the right place in the simple past.
drink reach hear sit be check go off leave go
sit call be follow begin be go

T he day terribly. M y alarm and I the house

with only one hour to spare before the plane due to take off. L uckily, there
very little traffic and I the airport with 30 minutes to spare. I
in at the gate and for a coffee. J ust as I down, the
announcer my fli ght. I my coffee quickly, the sign
to the departure gate and through passport control. I down in the
departure lounge. T hen I that terrible announcement, the one you dont want to
hear. T here a problem with the engine.
F What does the -ed sound like? Put the verbs in the right column.
decided looked up negotiated suggested photocopied called back
designed wanted agreed placed travelled phoned asked returned
visited helped accepted started delivered offered appointed

/t/ /d/ /Id/

G Write a short paragraph describing your view of what success in life means.

63


322 Old Brompton Road,

London SW5 9JH,
England

Maktabat El Nashr El Tarbawi El Souri

(Syrian Educational Publishers)

Omar El Mukhtar 2nd Str., Bldg. 6

El Mazraa, Damascus-Syria
Phone: (011) 44676789
Fax: (011) 44676788
e-mail: info@syrianep.com
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Reprinted 2014

York Press 2009

All rights reserved; no part of this publication
may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,
or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise,
without the prior written permission of the Publishers.
64
 English for Starters, Vocational Stream Girls

English for Starters, Vocational Stream Girls, is an English

language course that was specially written for vocational / girls secondary
schools in Syria. The course progresses from an intermediate level of English
in Grade 10 to an advanced level of English in Grade 12. The book introduces
students to concepts in practical girls skills; it assumes no prior knowledge
of these skills on the part of students and teachers.

The course aims to review and consolidate the language and skills learnt at
previous levels and equip students for their future foreign language needs in
the following areas: language skills (reading, listening, speaking and writing),
grammar, vocabulary and practical girls skills. It enables students to perform
routine tasks at work and to take part in social interaction.

Components:
Students Book
Activity Book including a glossary
Teachers Book
Audio CD

. :