Copyright Secretariat of the Pacific Community, 2003

All rights for commercial / for profit reproduction or translation, in any form, reserved. SPC
authorises the partial reproduction or translation of this material for scientific, educational or
research purposes, provided that SPC and the source document are properly acknowledged.
Permission to reproduce the document and/or translate in whole, in any form, whether for com-
mercial / for profit or non-profit purposes, must be requested in writing. Original SPC artwork
may not be altered or separately published without permission.

Original text: English

Secretariat of the Pacific Community Cataloguing-in-publication data

The SPC Aquaculture Action Plan

1. Aquaculture - Oceania. 2. Secretariat of the Pacific Community. Regional

Aquaculture Program.

1. Secretariat of the Pacific Community 2. Secretariat of the Pacific Community

Aquaculture Meeting (1 : 2003 : Suva, Fiji)

639.3 AACR2

ISBN 982-203-943-3
 Table of Contents

Introduction 1

The status of aquaculture in the Pacific Region 2

Aquaculture Commodity Development Plan 4

Coral 4

Giant clam 5

Macrobrachium shrimp 6

Milkfish 7

Pearl 8

Sea cucumber 9

Seaweed 10

Tilapia 11

Cross-cutting issues for aquaculture development 12

Resource persons 13

Acronyms 19
Foreword

Here in the Pacific our aquatic ecosystems have high biological diversities that have sustained
the lives of our Pacific communities for centuries.

But our Pacific Islands are vulnerable. Until now, the Pacific has been enjoying a relatively
favourable balance between people and available resources an equation that is a key deter-
minant of living standards. The scales are now tipping to where population growth is outweigh-
ing economic growth. Moreover, globalisation and modernisation are placing increasing
demands on our resources.

New strategies have to be explored in order to better respond to the challenges currently facing
the Pacific.

After nearly 55 years of service, the Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC), the regions
first technical development organisation, has revitalised its commitment to aquaculture. A
regional level of advice and support to the continually expanding national aquaculture initia-
tives is long overdue.

Aquaculture is a complex arena, one that extends over our terrestrial and marine ecosystems and
challenges our hunter-gatherer instincts and our cultivator instincts. The SPC Aquaculture
Action Plan is but one of the strategies that may usefully guide our activities in the aquaculture
sector.

Fortunately, this Action Plan arrives in an exciting era where rapidly changing technology and
instant communication bring tools that make our objectives much easier to achieve. Tools that
undoubtedly would have escaped the imagination of our founding fathers and mothers. Tools
that have ushered in a new era of regional and international organisations working together in
harmony and enabling us to avoid overlap and waste, and achieving better outcomes.

Lourdes Pangelinan, Director-General

Secretariat of the Pacific Community
 Introduction
The Action Plan: what is it? plan include:
lessons from the past
The SPC Aquaculture Action Plan sets direc- major issues to be addressed
tions for SPC Regional Aquaculture principal objectives
programmes commodity based work and country focus and teams
identifies common issues to be overcome. It is communication strategy
an invitation to SPCs member states and actions for the next three years.
partner organisations to network, collaborate
and coordinate their activities.

The Action Plan: how was it

formulated?

The Action Plan was the result of intensive

consultation among some sixty regional and
international specialists during the 1st SPC
Aquaculture Meeting held in Suva, Fiji
Islands. from 11 to 15 March 20021,2.

The Suva meeting was an important opportu-

nity to establish networks and share informa-
tion. The status of aquaculture in the Pacific
Region was consolidated from country reports
presented at the meeting by national represen-
tatives. These presentations outlined the main
features, national aspirations, advantages and
potential impediments and constraints in the
aquaculture sector.
The meeting reviewed seventeen commodities
of interest to the region to identify a shortlist
of priority commodities. Commodities were
assessed on two criteria: potential impact and
feasibility. From this process, the meeting
agreed that the priority commodities for the
region are coral, giant clam, macrobrachium
shrimp, milkfish, pearl, sea cucumber, seaweed,
and tilapia.
The development of aquaculture commodi-
ties has many commonalities. Some of the
important cross-cutting issues for aquaculture
were subsequently identified through the con-
sultations at the Suva meeting.
The Action Plan: what are
its objectives?
The goal of the Action Plan is sustainable
aquaculture development in the Pacific Region
that will simultaneously take into account (1) For a complete
report of the Meeting,
social, economic and environment factors. visit:
http://www.spc.int/
aquaculture/site/
The Action Plan aims to provide tactics for the publications

Small teams focusing on a single priority com- next few years that will get the priority com- (2) A list of resource
modity identified an Aquaculture Commodity modities up and running in the Pacific given persons involved in the
1st SPC Aquaculture
Development Plan. The components of this the resources and challenges in the region. Meeting is appended

THE SPC AQUACULTURE ACTION PLAN 1

The status of aquaculture in the Pacific Region3
Main features of the aquaculture
sector in the Pacific Region
Production is relatively low compared to
other regions, with the value of produc-
tion dominated by pearls. Other com-
modities are at a small scale only. There
are a small number of people who are
engaged in the sector. There is little stock
enhancement activity.
The Pacific has long transport distances
and relatively high costs.
The main export commodities are pearls
and seaweed while the contribution to
food security comes from carps, tilapia
and giant clams.
Countries have tried many species, mainly
introduced, but there have been a high pro-
portion of failures and only a few success
(3) Country presen- stories with probably too many objectives
tations were made being pursued.
by American Samoa,
Cook Islands,
Federated States of Most aquaculture developments have
Micronesia, Fiji, occurred through government agencies
French polynesia,
Guam, Kiribati, with massive assistance from aid donors.
nauru, Palau, Papua
new Guinea, Samoa,
Tonga, Tuvalu and Most countries lack regulations, which
Vanuatu. results in lack of secure access for the very
2
few private companies involved in the sec-
tor. There are few alternative sources of
income in many rural areas.
Although the large high island nations
have a greater range of aquaculture activi-
ties, many Pacific Islands have a large area
of clean, sheltered seawater and high bio-
diversity. Seventy per cent of land and reefs
are customary owned.
Most important aspirations for
the sector in the region
Opportunities in income and liveli-
hoods; food security; rural development
and employment; import substitution;
foreign exchange; reduction of pressure
on, and assistance in restoration of, cap-
ture fisheries.
Provision of education at all levels and the
use of environmentally friendly practices
in aquaculture.
The carrying out of aquaculture activities
that meet the needs of the industry and
the market, are legislated and aspire to
improve quality.
A sector that has control on the introduc-
tion and movement of aquatic organisms.
Major advantages and potential
for aquaculture in the region
A nutritious and fresh product that can
provide food security.
A tool for conservation and resource manage-
ment and a supplement to natural resources.
Reduction of foreign exchange outflow
and provision of local employment.
 The status of aquaculture in the Pacific Region
Readily available markets, either local or
overseas, as there is a high demand for
seafood in northern nations.
Promotion of aquaculture products. The
Pacific has a pristine environment (disease
free) and good (fresh or salt) water quality.
Availability of technical expertise through
regional institutions.
Nimbleness of the region. The aquaculture
industry is not so large and unwieldy yet
and has reasonably low labour costs.
The transferring of established technology
or techniques cheaper than new research.
Reduced conflict between industry and
resource users, especially with regards to
artisanal fisheries, through involving
resource users in aquaculture, a sector that
is attractive to indigenous stakeholders and
communities.
Most important impediments and
constraints to achieving
the national aspirations
Frequent failures and lack of success stories
impact on confidence.
Governments do not form partnerships
with relevant stakeholders from the start
(especially with pilot trials) or provide
sufficient support for infrastructure (mar-
ket, hatcheries, feed mills, finance).
Where there is support there is lack of
continuity resulting from political insta-
bility and ineffective/conflicting/incom-
patible policies and legislation (on sites,
movement, quarantine, impact, and qual-
ity control) by different government
agencies.
Technical capacity is limited; training and
expertise are lacking (inappropriate train-
ing, lack of hands-on experience, lack of
extension) and there is a loss of trained per-
sonnel into other areas of government.
There are insufficient incen-
tives because of the abun-
dance of wild seafood, and
the lack of a tradition of
aquaculture practices; com-
mon access to fisheries limits
demand for aquaculture.
Land tenure and land availability are issues.
There are no business plans (for commercial
species); there is a lack of analytical capacity;
and there is a need for management/accom-
modation of commodity price cycles.
Staff motivation is poor; staff for research is
inadequate; exchange of information
(research, feasibility, experience, market
information) is poor.
Poor advice for aquaculture development
and previously inadequate donor support
for capacity building.
THE SPC AQUACULTURE ACTION PLAN 3
 Objectives
Identify markets and suitable
farming techniques.
Identify a regional body to coor-
dinate policy and standards.
Create a regional demonstration
site.
Lessons learnt
Wild harvest of seed coral can
damage the coral.
The involvement of land owners
4
is vital.
Damage by fish or bleaching can
be unexpectedly high.
Unsold corals can serve as a
restoration site.
There are multiple traders
(aquarium, curio, resorts, med-
ical, betel nut lime).
Country focus and teams
Fiji as main country for demon-
stration: has established compa-
nies, government and NGO
involvement, infrastructure on
Makogai Island.
Fiji organisations: FLMMA,
WWF, IMA, FSP, USP, WIF,
SPACHEE.
Regional organizations: FSP,
FAO, FSP, USP, IMA, WWF.
Communications
Handbook on best management
practices/methods.
Issues to be addressed Actions over the next three years
Community awareness and con- Host regional forum to identify
servation. roles of partners, gauge market
demand and establish mecha-
Regional stand on rights to bio-
nism to interact with growers.
diversity and Pacific genetic
strains. Establish regional demonstra-
tion and research site at
Market analysis.
Makogai Island.
Regional standards for eco-
Expand coral farming to other
labelling.
Pacific Islands after two years.
Coral culture integrated with
community management prac-
tices for reefs.
Stock selection criteria and cul-
ture of mother colonies.
Training of trainers from region.
 Objectives
Create economic activity.
Conserve the giant clam as a
local food source.
Lessons learnt
We must understand market
demands before farming.
Community involvement is
required in the early stages.
There are few established suc-
cesses for clam farming.
Technology for clam production
is well known.
THE SPC AQUACULTURE ACTION PLAN
5
Country focus and teams
Samoa as a model for communi-
ty management.
Solomon Islands and Tonga for
expertise in hatchery, stock
enhancement.
Fiji for private sector.
Communications
Set up networking among spe-
cial interest group.
Issues to be addressed Actions over the next three years
Private aquarium clam produc- Collate and analyse available
ers to assist in restocking pro- information from the region
gramme. such as Samoa for co-manage-
ment.
Study of market size: will we
flood the market? Organise a regional meeting in
an appropriate country (e.g.
Guidelines for community man-
Samoa) to develop a regional
agement.
programme for co-management.
Feasibility of multi-purpose
Establish a giant clam informa-
hatchery, i.e. giant clams, corals
tion network (e.g. similar to the
and trochus.
Asia-Pacific Marine Fish
Assess status of existing stocks Network).
to guide a regional restocking
programme.
Support regulation or accredita-
tion schemes for harvesting cul-
tivated (not wild) stocks.
 Objectives
Establish viable shrimp farming
enterprises in the Pacific.
Lessons learnt
Private sector participation in
(for example) training attach-
ments is of critical importance.
Training should be linked to fol-
low-up in-country action partic-
ularly among government
trainees.
Aquaculture postgraduate schol-
6
arships in the region need to be
strengthened.
Country focus and teams
Countries interested in farming
include Fiji, Vanuatu, Solomon
Islands, Papua New Guinea and
Samoa.
Regional expertise in Fiji,
French Polynesia and New
Caledonia.
Issues to be addressed
Post-larval production systems.
Suitability for community project.
Development of training attach-
ments with private sector.
Reduction in growth variability.
Effective formulated feeds based
on local ingredients.
Culture potential of indigenous
species (particularly M. lar,
which is widely distributed).
Actions over the next three years
Prepare a status report on
Macrobrachium, experts in the
region, key problems for farm-
ing and identify research areas.
Establish a shrimp network.
Establish a master aquacultur-
ist for short-term, in-country
trouble-shooting within the
region.
Estimate size and nature of the
market.
Establish a regional demonstra-
tion hatchery facility.
Develop follow-up post-train-
ing, to actively assist utilisation
of training.
Initiate a post-harvest training
component (food quality).
 Objectives
Assess the commercial viability
of milkfish farming for the
domestic baitfish industry.
Identify market demand in the
large Pacific Rim countries.
Lessons learnt
Milkfish and tilapia are compet-
itive industries.
There is a lack of local knowl-
edge in fry collection, pond
stocking and management.
THE SPC AQUACULTURE ACTION PLAN
7
Country focus and teams
Kiribati, Fiji and Guam are
important producers.
Organisations with expertise
include FAO and SEAFDEC.
Issues to be addressed
Hatchery, farming and process-
ing techniques.
Identification of fry collection
areas and seasons in selected
countries.
Market size within the Pacific
Islands and among large Pacific
Rim countries.
Actions over the next three years
Survey member countries fish-
eries departments and private
sector about impediments and
needs in milkfish aquaculture.
Conduct sub-regional workshop
on milkfish farming practices.
Market analysis of baitfish
requirements for domestic tuna
fishery.
Compile bibliography on milk-
fish and publish important per-
tinent documents on Internet.
 Objectives
Stabilise and improve price of
pearls through quality produc-
tion and cooperative marketing
techniques.
Lessons learnt
One-stop-shop for investors is
required. Early private sector
investment is important.
Governments role should be to
provide a mechanism and criteria
for investment, not set up farm.
8
Country focus Issues to be addressed
All. Maintain the focus at the rural
level.
Assess minimum initial investment
required (country dependent).
Environmentally friendly best
farming practices.
Allow regional institutes (e.g.
USP postgraduates) to conduct
research based on industry pri-
orities and research to be done
with the industry.
Actions over the next three years
Initiate high-level government
consultation to develop cooper-
ative programmes, especially
marketing quality controls.
Develop and disseminate infor-
mation on best environmental
practices for pearl farming.
Develop market intelligence
network.
Consolidate a list of pearl seed-
ing technicians.

Seeding technicians play a crucial Support a value-added strategy,

role in success of farm operation. such as jewellery processing.
Dont reinvent the wheel.
Transfer technology from exist-
ing operators.
Marketing of pearls: quality
control; brand name (generic &
local) is essential.
Avoid competitive stupidity
amongst farmers, it ultimately
drives market down.
 Objectives
Prioritise options for stock man-
agement, including restocking.
Determine economically viable
methods for mass production
and release of juveniles.
Lessons learnt
Past management hasnt worked
and has led to boom and bust
cycles.
Communications
Use SPC bulletin to provide
articles on updates of progress.
THE SPC AQUACULTURE ACTION PLAN
9
Country focus and teams
New Caledonia: active beche-
de-mer fishery, strong interest
by government and access to
adequate hatchery and nursery
facilities.
All countries where sea cucum-
ber stocks are under heavy fish-
ing pressure.
World Fish Center, provincial
governments, sea cucumber
fishermen and coastal commu-
nities, development agencies.
Issues to be addressed
Awareness raising in restocking
and enhancement.
Techniques for mass production
and for release of juveniles in the
wild.
Management options (including
protected areas, size limits) to
maximise gain from restocking.
New forms of processing (for
e.g. wet exports).
Sea cucumber farming as a by-
crop (e.g as a by-crop of shrimp
farming?).
Actions over the next three years
Support awareness raising activ-
ities for management of sea
cucumber stock, particularly the
spawning biomass.
Identify where restocking is
required to rebuild biomass.
Update countries on hatchery
production techniques and
release strategies.
Important precondition that the
World Fish Center research is
demonstrated to be effective.
 Objectives
Establish commercially sustain-
able industry.
Improve logistics and infrastruc-
ture support.
Establish regional processes for
collaboration.
Identify suitable countries and
sites for sustainable production.
Raise awareness of seaweed
farming among all stakeholders.
10
Country focus
Potentially: Kiribati, Fiji, Papua
New Guinea, Solomon Islands,
Marshall Islands, Palau, Samoa,
Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Tonga.
Lessons learnt
Initial government intervention in
marketing between producer and
buyer helps to boost industry and
production. Subsequent interven-
tions should be privatised.
Need to regulate seed stock
transfer to minimise diseases
and occurrence of EFA.
Areas with few opportunities for
livelihoods are more suitable for
seaweed farming.
Minimum quantity required for
start-up.
Livelihood aspects need to be
understood (roles, who benefits,
constraints, etc.).
Issues to be addressed
Increased awareness through
coordinated efforts among agen-
cies in the region and through
involvement of farmers in devel-
opment of awareness materials.
Socio-economic studies on via-
bility (e.g. social acceptability,
livelihood analysis) at country
level and community level.
Potential value of by-product as
fertiliser.
Technical cooperation among
developing countries.
A code of conduct to ensure
quality control, ethical manage-
ment practices and quarantine
protocols.
Action over the next three years
Identify socio-economic criteria
to assess the viability of seaweed
farming (USP, FAO, SPC,
ACIAR to collaborate).
Identify seaweed buyer criteria
(FMC to assist).
Identify strategies for govern-
ment, local buyer and exporter
to collect seaweed produce in
rural areas.
Raise awareness among govern-
ment and stakeholders about
the infrastructure needs of the
seaweed industry.
 Objectives
Raise awareness and support for
sustainable tilapia industry.
Develop successful hatchery
techniques and transportation
accessories.
Identify domestic and interna-
tional market demands.
Lessons learnt
Tilapia stocks are often poorly
managed.
There is often poor site selection
for farms.
Tilapia can impact on the natu-
ral ecosystem.
Farmers often lack the appropri-
ate skills.
There has been lack of commit-
ment by authorities.
Tilapia are often introduced for
THE SPC AQUACULTURE ACTION PLAN
reasons other than farming.
Subsistence farming has had
variable success.
11
Country focus and teams
Fiji, Papua New Guinea,
Solomon Islands, Samoa,
Vanuatu, Kiribati.
Government stations, World-
Fish Center, NACA, USP, SPC,
students.
Communications
Networking, Internet, USP
satellite.
Issues to be addressed
Product enhancement.
Analysis of market demand.
Genetic improvement: Fiji to
take the lead in selective breeding.
Nutrition formulation: Papua
New Guinea to lead.
Farming systems.
Effective extension service.
Actions over the next three years
Assess the potential of tilapia
among countries, i.e. survey
country staff and experts,
analyse perceptions of stake-
holders.
Evaluate tilapia in terms of gov-
ernment policies on food securi-
ty, employment or export.
Support business proposal and
commercial investors.
Establish regional pilot demon-
stration farm in Fiji.
Evaluate lessons from GOLDA
Bangladesh.
Host a regional workshop to
develop tilapia policy and strategy.
Cross-cutting issues for aquaculture development

Prior commitment needs to be made at country/institution/enterprise before sending people

on training courses to actually put the training into practice on their return.

There is a need for entrepreneurial skills and business training.

It is critical that market and financial analysis is carried out for each priority commodity to
determine the potential scale of production, cost of production and product specifications
before actions are taken to establish each of the priority commodities.

All development strategies need to include actions to minimise the threat of disease introduc-
tion and undertake preparations for control and management in the event of disease incur-
sion/outbreaks.

There is an urgent requirement across the region to address policy and legislative frameworks
for the successful introduction and management of the priority commodities.

Country strategies, consistent with regional strategies, need to be developed focusing on pol-
icy, legislation, and development plans. It will be important that countries assemble as much
objective information as possible in the process of addressing their own priorities.

Sharing and updating information about aquaculture in the Pacific at regular intervals should
be an important part of an ongoing regional effort.

12
 Resource persons
by country Cook Islands Ms Shirleen Bala
Ministry of Fisheries and Forests
Mr Ian Bertram
Director
American Samoa Dr Austin Bowden-Kirby
Research & Economic Development
Mr Flinn Curren Coral Gardens Initiative
Division
Fishery Biologist Foundation for the Peoples of the
Ministry of Marine Resources
Department of Marine and Wildlife South Pacific, Fiji
PO Box 85
Resources PO Box 14447
Rarotonga
PO Box 3730 Suva
Telephone: +682 28 730, 28 722
Pago Pago Telephone: +679 300 292, 314 460
Fax: +682 29 721
American Samoa 96799 Fax: +679 304 315
Email: rar@mmr.gov.ck
United States of America Email: bowdenkerby@is.com.fj
Telephone: +684 633 4456 Mr Temu Okotai
Fax: +684 633 5944 Mr Russell Cole
Manihiki Black Pearl Ltd
Email: flinncurren@yahoo.com Prawns Management (Fiji) Ltd
Harbour House, Avatiu
PO Box 315
PO Box 277
Australia Pacific Harbour
Rarotonga
Telephone/Fax: +679 450 303
Mr Matthew Dadswell Telephone: +682 20 635, 20 636
Department of Agriculture, Fisheries Fax: +682 20 638
Mr Maleli Dawai
and Forestry Australia Email: temu@mblackpearl.co.ck
Fisheries Division
GPO Box 858 Ministry of Fisheries and Forests
Canberra ACT 2601 Federated States of Micronesia
GPO Box 358
Telephone: +61 2 6272 5777 Mr Francis Itimai Suva
Fax: +61 2 6272 4215 Head of FSM Fisheries Section Telephone: +679 361 122
Email: matthew.dadswell@affa.gov.au Department of Economic Affairs Fax: +679 361 184
PO Box PS-12
Mr Mark Gervis Paliki Dr Alec Forbes
Southern Ocean Mariculture Pty Ltd Pohnpei 96941 Institute of Marine Resources
RMB 2068 Telephone: +691 320 2620 The University of the South Pacific
Princes Highway Fax: +691 320 5854, 320 2079 Private Mail Bag, GPO
Port Fairy VIC 3284 Email: fsmfisheries@mail.fm Suva
Telephone: +61 3 5568 2881 Telephone: +679 9925 172
Fax: +61 3 5568 2118 Mr Simon Ellis Fax: +679 330 1490
Email: southernocean@iprimus.com.au CTSA Email: docalec@connect.com.fj
Pohnpei
Mr Tim Healy Telephone: +691 320 2728 Mr Bob Gillett
Planning & Evaluation Consultant Fax: +691 320 2726 Gillett, Preston and Associates
16 Bussell Crescent Email: sellis@mail.fm PO Box 3344
Cook Lami
Canberra ACT 2614 Fiji Islands Telephone: +679 336 2855
Telephone: +61 2 6253 1622 Mr Aisake Batibasaga Fax: +679 336 1035
Mobile phone: +61 4 19 430 483 Principal Fisheries Officer, Aquaculture Email: gillett@is.com.fj
Fax: +61 2 6253 1652 Fisheries Division
Email: timhealy@ozemail.com.au Ministry of Fisheries and Forests Dr Cameron Hay
GPO Box 358 Director
Mr Barney Smith Suva Institute of Marine Resources
Research Program Manager (Fisheries) Telephone: +679 361 122 University of the South Pacific
Australian Centre for International Fax: +679 361 184 PO Box 1168
Agricultural Research (ACIAR) Email: abatibasaga@fisheries.gov.fj Suva
PO Box 21 Telephone: +679 212 888
Cronulla NSW 2230 Dr Tim Pickering Fax: +679 309 494
Telephone: +612 9527 8463, 9527 Lecturer, Aquaculture Email: hay_c@usp.ac.fj
8462 Marine Studies Programme
Fax: +61 2 9523 5966 University of the South Pacific Ms Dilpreet Kaur
Email: bsmith@fisheries.nsw.gov.au PO Box 1168 USP student
Suva Marine Studies Programme
Telephone: +679 313 900, Ext. 2883 Telephone: +679 212 871
Fax: +679 301 490 Email: S97000020@student.usp.ac.fj
Email: pickering_t@us.ac.fj

THE SPC AQUACULTURE ACTION PLAN 13

Resource persons
Mr Kuli Mr Tim McLeod Mr Robert Smith
Ministry of Fisheries and Forests Walt Smith International (Fiji) Ltd South Pacific Applied Geoscience
PO Box 4466 Commission (SOPAC)
Ms Lynette Kumar Lautoka SOPAC Secretariat
Institute of Marine Resources Telephone: +679 665 045 Private Mail Bag GPO
University of the South Pacific Fax: +679 667 591 Suva
PO Box 1168 Email: wsi@is.com.fj Telephone: +679 381 139, 381 377
Suva Fax: +679 370 040, 384 461
Telephone: +679 212 888 Mr Semisi Naivalu Email: Robert@sopac.org
Fax: +679 309 494 Ministry of Fisheries and Forests
Email: kumar_l@usp.ac.fj Fisheries Division Mr Reuben Sulu
PO Box 819 The University of the South Pacific
Mr Maciu Lagilabavu Nausori PO Box 1168
Director Email: NRS@is.com.fj Suva
Fisheries Division Telephone: +679 212 888
Ministry of Fisheries and Forests Ms Mere Namudu Fax: +679 309 494
GPO Box 358 USP student Email: sulu_r@usp.ac.fj
Suva Marine Studies Programme
Telephone: +679 361 122 Telephone: +679 212 881 Ms Shital Swarup
Fax: +679 361 184 Fax: +679 301 490 USP student
Email: mlagilabavu@fisheries.gov.fj Email: mere_namudu@hotmail.com C/- Ministry of Fisheries and Forests

Mr Feral Lasi Mr Satya Nandlal Mr Tevita Taumaipeau

USP student Aquaculture Fellow/PhD student Pearl Oyster Project Officer
Marine Studies Programme Institute of Marine Resources Ministry of Fisheries and Forests
The University of the South Pacific PO Box 224
Mr Esaroma Ledua PO Box 1168 Savusavu
Waikava Marine Ltd. Suva Telephone: +679 850 267
193 Ragg Avenue Telephone: +679 3212 888 Fax: +679 850 865
Namadi Heights Fax: +679 3309 494 Email: fisheries@is.com.fj
Suva Email: nandlal_s@usp.ac.fj
Telephone: +679 922 027 Mr James Teri
Fax: +679 322 027 Mr Kalo Pakoa USP student
Email: waikava@is.com.fj USP student Marine Studies Programme
Marine Studies Programme Email: S9900679@student.ac.fj
Mr Wilco Liebregts
Managing Director Mr Anand Prasad Mr Jim Tilbury
Eco-Consult Pacific Ministry of Fisheries and Forests Pacific Prawns Fiji (Ltd)
PO Box 5406, Raiwaqa P.O., PO Box 466
Suva Ms Litiana Seruvatu Navua
Telephone: +679 322 607, 322 706 Fisheries Department, Naduruloulou Telephone: +679 460 323
Fax: +679 322 607 PO Box 819 Fax: +679 460 323
Email: ecoconsult@is.com.fj Nausori Email: tilbury@is.com.fj
Telephone: +679 477 781
Mr Marson Lilopeza Fax: +679 479 406 Mr Gabriel Titili
USP Student USP student
Marine Studies Programme Mr Avinesh Singh Marine Studies Programme
Email: S99006792@student.usp.ac.fj USP student
Marine Studies Programme Mr Jone Vasuca
Mr Samuela Mario Fisheries Department
Seaweed Project Officer Ms Loraini Sivo PO Box 819
Ministry of Fisheries and Forests USP student Nausori
PO Box 481 C/- Ministry of Fisheries and Forests Email: NRS@is.com.fj
Nausori Telephone: +679 361 122, Ext. 123
Telephone: +679 477 569 Ms Tavenisa Vereivalu
Fax: +679 479 066 Milkfish Project/Seaweed Coordinator
Ministry of Fisheries and Forests
PO Box 109
Labasa
Telephone: +679 812 833
Fax: +679 816 933

14
 Resource persons
Ms Aliti Vunisea Malaysia Palau
University of the South Pacific
Dr Johann Bell Mr Roman Yano
PO Box 1168
Program Leader Special Assistant to the President on
Suva
Coastal and Marine Resources Agriculture and Aquaculture
Telephone: +679 313 900
Research Program Office of the President
Fax: +679 301 305
The WorldFish Center PO Box 6051
Email: vunisea_a@usp.ac.fj
GPO Box 500 Koro
10670 Penang Republic of Palau 96940
Mr Sunia Waqainabete
Telephone: +604 626 1606 Telephone: +680 488-2541 / 2532
Fisheries Division
Fax: +604 626 5530 Fax: +680 488-1662
Ministry of Fisheries and Forests
Email: j.bell@cgiar.org Email: ROPPRESIDENT@palaunet.com
GPO Box 3165
Suva Marshall Islands Papua New Guinea
Telephone: +679 361 122, 362 108
Fax: +679 361 184 Mr Junior DeBrum Mr Augustine Mobiha
Marshall Islands Marine Resources Fisheries Management Adviser (Inland
French Polynesia Authority Aquaculture)
PO Box 860 National Fisheries Authority
Mr Terii Seaman
Majuro 96960 PO Box 2016
Assistant Director
Telephone: +692 625 8262 Port Moresby NCD
Service de la Perliculture
Fax: +692 625 5447, 625 5130 Telephone: +675 321 2643
BP 9047 Motu Uta
Email: mimra@ntamar.com Fax: +675 320 2061, 320 2071
Papeete
Email: AMobiha@fisheries.gov.pg
Tahiti Nauru
Telephone : +689 50 00 03 Philippines
Fax : +689 43 81 59 Mr Peter Jacob
Email: terii.seaman@perli.gov.pf Chief Executive Officer Mr Recarte N. Cay-an Bong
Nauru Fisheries & Marine Resources IPSC-Field Representative
Guam Authority FMC BioPolymer Pharmaceuticals
PO Box 449 Marine Colloids Philippines Inc.
Mr David Crisostomo
Aiwo District Ouano, Compoundm Looc
University of Guam
Telephone: +674 444 3733 Mandaue City 1604
UOG Station
Fax: +674 444 3812 Cebu
96923 Mangilao
Email: peterjacob_nfmra@hotmail.com Philippines
Telephone: +1 671 735 2092
Telephone: +63 32 346 1886
Fax: +1 671 734 5600 New Caledonia Hp. (Fiji): +679 289 170
Email: dcrisost@uog9.uog.edu
Mr Bernard Fao Email: bong_cay_an@hotmail.com
Hawaii Responsible
Bureau des pches et de laquaculture Samoa
Dr Cheng-Sheng Lee
Direction des ressources naturelles Ms Malwine Lober
Director
Province Sud Fisheries Division
Center for the Tropical and Subtropical
BP 3718 Department of Agriculture, Forests,
Aquaculture (CTSA)
98846 Noumea Cedex Fisheries and Meteorology
C/- The Oceanic Institute
Telephone: +687 24 32 55 PO Box 1874
41-202 Kalanianaole Hwy
Fax: +687 24 32 56 Apia
96795 Waimanalo
Email: fao@drn.province-sud.nc Telephone: +685 22 624, 20 369
Telephone: +808 259 7951
Fax : +685 24 292
Fax: +808 259 8395
Mr Warwick Nash Email: fisheries@samoa.ws
Email: cslee@oceanicinstitute.org
Scientist/Officer in Charge
Kiribati (ICLARM- The World Fish Center Ms Natalie Macawaris-Ele
Pacific Office) Associate Professional Officer
Mr Johnny Kirata C/- SPC Aquaculture Food and Agriculture
Acting Chief Fisheries Officer BP D5 Organization of the United Nations
Fisheries Division 98848 Noumea Cedex Sub-Regional Office for Pacific Islands
Ministry of Natural Resources
Development New Caledonia (FAO-SAPA)
PO Box 64 Telephone: +687 26.20.00 Private Mail Bag
Bairiki Fax: +687 26.38.18 Apia
Tarawa Email: w.nash@cgiar.org Telephone: +685 22 127
Telephone: +686 28 095 Fax: +685 22 126
Fax: +686 28 295 Email: Natalie.MacawarisEle@fao.org
Email: Johnnyk@mnrd.gov.ki

THE SPC AQUACULTURE ACTION PLAN 15

Resource persons
Solomon Islands Tuvalu Mr Jean-Paul Gaudechoux
Fisheries Information Adviser
Mr Gideon K.Tiroba Mr Nikolasi Apinelu
SPC
Deputy Director (Aquaculture) Research and Development Officer
BP D5
Aquaculture Section Fisheries Department
98848 Noumea Cedex
Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Ministry of Natural Resources
New Caledonia
Resources Development
Telephone: +687 26.20.00, 26.01.69
PO Box G13 Private Mail Bag
Fax: +687 26.38.18
Honiara Funafuti
Email: JeanPaulG@spc.int
Telephone: +677 30 564 Telephone: +688 20 742, 20 344, 20
Fax: +677 38 106 341
Mr Ben Ponia
Email: sbfish@ffa.int Fax: +688 20 346
Aquaculture Adviser
Email: apinelu@yahoo.com
SPC
Mr Idris Lane
Vanuatu BP D5
Officer-in-charge
98848 Noumea Cedex
The WorldFish Center Mr Sompert Gereva New Caledonia
PO Box 77 Department of Fisheries Telephone: +687 26.20.00, 26.01.66
Gizo Private Mail Bag 045 Fax: +687 26.38.18
Solomon Islands Port Vila Email: BenP@spc.int
Telephone: +677 60022 Telephone: +678 23 119, 23 621
Fax: +677 60534 Fax: +678 23 641 Dr Jimmie Rodgers
Email: i.lane@cgiar.org Email: fisheries@vanuatu.com.vu Senior Deputy Director-General
Thailand SPC
Mr Kalo Pakoa Suva
Mr Pedro Bueno USP student Fiji
Director-General Marine Studies Programme Telephone: +679 37.07.33
Network of Aquaculture Centres in Fax: +679 37.00.21, 37.05.84
Asia-Pacific (NACA) Secretariat of the Pacific Email: JimmieR@spc.int
PO Box 1040 Community (SPC)
Kasetsart Post Office
Dr Tim Adams
Bangkok 10903
Director, Marine Resources Division
Telephone: +662 561 1728, 561 1729 By commodity
SPC
Fax: +662 561 1727
BP D5
E-mail: Pedro.Bueno@eNACA.ORG Carp
98848 Noumea Cedex
New Caledonia Mr Xiaowei Zhou
Dr Simon Funge-Smith
Telephone: +687 26.20.00, 26.01.24 Programme and Operation Officer
Aquaculture Officer
Fax: +687 26.38.18 Network of Aquaculture Centres in
FAO Regional Office for Asia and the
Email:TimA@spc.int Asia-Pacific (NACA)
Pacific
Maliwan Mansion Bangkok 10903 Thailand
Mr Michel Blanc Telephone: +66-2-5611728 / 5611729
39 Phra Athit Road
Fisheries Training Adviser Fax: +66-2-5611727
Bangkok 10200
SPC Email: xiaowei.zhou@enaca.org
Telephone: +662 697 4149
BP D5
Fax: +662 697 4445
98848 Noumea Cedex Coral
E-mail: simon.fungesmith@fao.org
New Caledonia
Telephone: +687 26.20.00 Dr Austin Bowden-Kirby
Tonga Coral Gardens Initiative
Fax: +687 26.38.18
Mr Tevita Ahoaf Email: MichelBl@spc.int Foundation for the Peoples of the
Technical officer South Pacific, Fiji
Ministry of Fisheries Ms Marie-Thrse Bui PO Box 14447
PO Box 871 Aquaculture Project Assistant Suva Fiji Islands
Nukualofa SPC Telephone: +679 300 292, 314 460
Telephone: +676 21 399 BP D5 Fax: +679 304 315
Fax: +676 23 891 98848 Noumea Cedex Email: bowdenkerby@is.com.fj
Email: mofishhp@kalianet.to New Caledonia
Dr Bruce Carlson
Telephone: +687 26.20.00 Director
Fax: +687 26.38.18 Waikiki Aquarium
Email: MarieThereseB@spc.int Honolulu 96815 USA
Telephone: +1 808 923-9741
Email: carlson@waquarium.org

16
 Resource persons
Giant clam Dr Kevin Williams Peanaid prawn
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial
Mr Idris Lane Mr Hassanai Kongheo
Research Organisation (CSIRO)
Officer-in-charge Special Adviser
Division of Marine Research
The WorldFish Center Network of Aquaculture Centres Asia-
Cleveland 4163
PO Box 77 Pacific (NACA)
Australia
Gizo Bangkok 10903
Telephone: +61 7 3826 7284
Solomon Islands Thailand
Fax: +61 7 3826 7222
Telephone: +677 60022 Telephone: +662 561 1728, 561 1729
Email: Kevin.Williams@marine.csiro.au
Fax: +677 60534 Fax: +662 561 1727
Email: i.lane@cgiar.org Email: HassanaiKongheo@enaca.org
Mr Xiaowei Zhou
Programme and Operation Officer Post-larval reef fish and inverte-
Professor John Lucas
Network of Aquaculture Centres in
Adjunct Professor brates
Asia-Pacific (NACA)
The University of Queensland
Bangkok 10903 Thailand Dr Johann Bell
Brisbane Qld
Telephone: +662 56 11728, 561 1729 Program Leader
Australia
Fax: +662 561 1727 Coastal and Marine Resources
Telephone: +61 7 3346 9416
Email: xiaowei.zhou@enaca.org Research Program
Facsimile: +61 7 3365 4755
The WorldFish Center
Email: j.lucas@marine.uq.edu.au Milkfish GPO Box 500
Grouper Dr Rolando Platon 10670 Penang
Chief, SEAFDEC Aquaculture Malaysia
Dr Mike Rimmer Telephone: +604 626 1606
Department
Principal Fisheries Biologist Fax: +604 626 5530
Tigbauan, Iloilo
Queensland Department of Primary Email: j.bell@cgiar.org
Philippines
Industries
Telephone +63 33 335 1009, 336 2937
Cairns Qld Cathy Hair
Fax +63 33 335 1008
Australia WorldFish Center
Email: aqdchief@aqdseafdec.org.ph
Telephone: +61 7 4035 0209 Gizo
Fax: +61 7 4035 1401 Pearl oyster Solomon Islands
Email: Mike.Rimmer@dpi.qld.gov.au Telephone: +677 60022
Dr Kim Friedman Fax: +677 60534
Macrobrachium shrimp Senior Reef Fisheries Scientist Email: nusatupe@iclarm.org.sb
(Invertebrates)
Professor Chan Lee
Secretariat of the Pacific Community Paul Lokani
Senior Principal Scientist
BP D5 South Pacific Coastal Marine Projects
Fisheries Western Australia
98848 Noumea Cedex Manager
Broome 6725
New Caledonia The Nature Conservancy (TNC)
Australia
Telephone: 687 26.20.00, 26.04.94 Port Moresby
Telephone: +61 8 9193 7138
Fax: 687 26.38.18 Papua New Guinea
Fax: +61 8 9193 7135
Email: KimF@spc.int Telephone: +675 3230699
Email: Clee@fish.wa.gov.au
Fax: +675 3230397
Mr Neil Sims Email: lok.tnc@global.net.pg
Dr Peter Mather
Principal
Queensland University of Technology
Black Pearls Inc Being Yeeting
Brisbane Qld 4001
Holualoa, Live Reef Specialist
Australia
Hawaii 96725 Secretariat of the Pacific Community
Telephone: +61 7 3864 3142
United States BP D5
Fax: +61 7 3864-3529
Telephone: +1 808 3256516 98848 Noumea Cedex
Email: p.mather@qut.edu.au
Fax: +1 808 3253425 New Caledonia
Email: Nasims@aloha.net Telephone: +687 26.20.00
Mr Satya Nandlal
Aquaculture Fellow/PhD student Fax: +687 26.38.18
Dr Paul Southgate
Institute of Marine Resources Department of Aquaculture Email: BeingY@spc.int
University of the South Pacific James Cook University
PO Box 1168 Townsville Qld 4811
Suva Australia
Fiji Islands Telephone: +617 4781 5737
Telephone: +679 3212 888 Fax: +617 4781 4585
Fax: +679 3309 494 Email: paul.southgate@jcu.edu.au
Email: nandlal_s@usp.ac.fj

THE SPC AQUACULTURE ACTION PLAN 17

Resource persons
Sea cucumber
Dr Stephen Battaglene
University of Tasmania
Tasmanian Aquaculture and Fisheries
Institute
Marine Research Laboratories
Taroona Tasmania 7053
Australia
Telephone: +61 3 6227 7268
Fax : +61 3 6227 8035
Email: Stephen.Battaglene@utas.edu.au
Dr Steve Purcell
WorldFish Center Pacific Office
C/- Secretariat of the Pacific
Community
BP D5
98848 Noumea Cedex
New Caledonia
Telephone: +687 26 20 00
Fax: +687 26 38 18
Email: s.purcell@cgiar.org
Mud or mangrove crab
Dr Collin Shelley
Manager, Darwin Aquaculture Centre
Darwin NT
Australia
Telephone: +61 8 8924 4258
Fax: +61 8 8924 4277
Email: Shelleyc@ozemail.com.au
Seaweed
Dr Tim Pickering
Lecturer, Aquaculture
Marine Studies Programme
University of the South Pacific
PO Box 1168
Suva
Fiji Islands
Telephone: +679 313 900, Ext. 2883
Fax: +679 301 490
Email: pickering_t@us.ac.fj
Spiny lobster
Dr Clive Jones
Freshwater Fisheries and Aquaculture
Centre
Department of Primary Industries
Walkamin Qld 4872
Australia
Telephone: +61 7 4093 3733
Fax: +61 7 4093 3903
18
Dr Kevin Williams Trochus
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial
Professor Chan Lee
Research Organisation (CSIRO)
Senior Principal Scientist
Division of Marine Research
Fisheries Western Australia
Cleveland 4163
Broome 6725
Australia
Australia
Telephone: +61 7 3826 7284
Telephone: +61 8 9193 7138
Fax: +61 7 3826 7222
Fax: +61 8 9193 7135
Email: Kevin.Williams@marine.csiro.au
Email: Clee@fish.wa.gov.au
Sponge
Dr Steve Purcell
Associate Professor Michelle Kelly- WorldFish Center Pacific Office
Shanks C/- Secretariat of the Pacific
Senior Biologist - Marine Biodiversity & Community (SPC)
Aquaculture BP D5
National Institute of Water & 98848 Noumea Cedex
Atmospheric Research (NIWA) Ltd New Caledonia
Earth & Oceanic Sciences Research Telephone: +687 26.20.00
Centre Fax: +687 26.38.18
Auckland University of Technology Email: s.purcell@cgiar.org
Auckland
New Zealand Mr Bob Gillett
Telephone: +64 9 375 2037 Gillett, Preston and Associates
Fax: +64 9 375 0024 PO Box 3344
Email: m.kelly@niwa.cri.nz Lami
Fiji Islands
Professor Chan Lee Telephone: +679 336 2855
Senior Principal Scientist Fax: +679 336 1035
Fisheries Western Australia Email: gillett@is.com.fj
Broome 6725
Australia Tropical abalone
Telephone: +61 8 9193 7138
Mr Mark Gervis
Fax: +61 8 9193 7135
Southern Ocean Mariculture Pty Ltd
Email: Clee@fish.wa.gov.au
RMB 2068
Tilapia Princes Highway
Port Fairy VIC 3284
Dr Peter Mather Australia
Queensland University of Technology Telephone: +61 3 5568 2881
Brisbane Qld 4001 Fax: +61 3 5568 2118
Australia Email: southernocean@iprimus.com.au
Telephone: +61 7 3864 3142
Fax: +61 7 3864 3529 Mr Tanate Poomtong
Email: p.mather@qut.edu.au Prachuap Coastal Aquaculture
Development Center
Mr Satya Nandlal PRACHUAP-KIRI KHAN 77000
Aquaculture Fellow/PhD student Thailand
Institute of Marine Resources Telephone: +66 3266 1133
University of the South Pacific Fax: +66 3266 1398
PO Box 1168 Email: tmmp@prachuab1.a-net.net.th
Suva
Fiji Islands
Telephone: +679 3212 888
Fax: +679 3309 494
Email: nandlal_s@usp.ac.fj
 Acronyms

ACIAR Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research

EFA Epiphytic filamentous algae

FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
FLMMA Fiji Locally Managed Marine Areas
FMC FMC BioPolymer Pharmaceuticals
FSP Foundation for the Peoples of the South Pacific
GOLDA Greater Option for Local Development through Aquaculture
(a CARE Bangladesh project)
IFREMER Institut Franais de Recherche pour lExploitation de la Mer
IMA International Marinelife Alliance
NACA Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific
SEAFDEC Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center
SPACHEE South Pacific Action Committee on Human Ecology
and the Environment
SPC Secretariat of the Pacific Community
USP University of the South Pacific
WIF Women in Fisheries
WWF World Wide Fund for Nature

THE SPC AQUACULTURE ACTION PLAN 19