N0.

2
2008 INTERNATIONAL MAGAZINE ON DISTRICT HEATING AND COOLING

N0. 3
2008

INTERNATIONAL MAGAZINE ON DISTRICT HEATING AND COOLING

District
heating
- integrating
technologies
for sustainable
communities

DBDH relocates
See page 25.

new
adDress
and pho
ne
number

DBDH - 30 years of promoting

district heating solutions
www.dbdh.dk
Contents
District heating
- integrating technologies for sustainable communities

4 THE CHAIRMANs COLUMN

Small-scale combined heat and power can

6 be perfectly coupled with wind power

8 Large-scale solar heating

11 Utilisation of low-grade energy sources

Waste to energy - How local communities

14 create value from their own waste

18 Refurbisment of Amager CHP plant, unit 1

20 Biogas from the farming industry

Geothermal energy
23 - the future heating source?


DBDH co-operation
26 KOREA DISTRICT HEATING CORP.

27 DBDH welcomes new member

member profilE
28 COWI

30 List of members

ON THE Cover:
District heating enables
various energy technologies
to collaborate efficiently.

new HOT|COOL is published Coordinating Editor:

adDress four times a year by: Kathrine Windahl, DBDH
ne
and pho
num r
be DBDH Total circulation:
Sthr Johansens Vej 38 7,000 copies in
DK-2000 Frederiksberg 50 countries
Phone +45 3818 5440 Fax +45 3818 5444
dbdh@dbdh.dk www.dbdh.dk ISSN 0904 9681
Layout:
INTERNATIONAL MAGAZINE Editorial Committee: DBDH /galla-form.dk
ON DISTRICT HEATING AND COOLING Lars Gullev, VEKS
Lone Vlcker, DFj Pre-press and printing:
Jes B. Christensen, DBDH Kailow Graphic A/S
Kathrine Windahl, DBDH

Editor-in-Chief: Lars Gullev, VEKS

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The
Chairmans
column
Mr. Lars Gullev, Managing Director,
VEKS, and Chairman of DBDH
High security of supply
a characteristic of modern
district heating systems
Large modern district heating (DH) systems all over the world
are characterized by a very high degree of security of supply.
Often the security of supply is so high that the customers tend
to forget that the heat can actually fail to appear for shorter
periods of time. But this high level of security is not due to co-
incidences it is planned right from the beginning in the design
phase. The promotion of DH solutions has been the mission of
DBDH for the past 30 years.
A high priority of stable and reliable heat supply is the basis of
those decisions that have to be made already when designing
the system. The strategy of security of supply is the founda-
tion of the lay-out and dimensioning of the pipe system. In the
subsequent phase of establishment, specific demands are made
to the executive companies regarding radiography of pipe weld-
ing and tightness and pressure tests of district heating pipes
as well as joints.
Often a strategy is made about buying heat from different heat
suppliers, such as CHP plants, waste incineration plants and
industrial companies with surplus heat. The philosophy behind
this is that by using a number of heat suppliers the financial and
environmental additional costs can be reduced, and at the same
time a high fuel flexibility is achieved. This flexibility ensures a
dependable fuel supply as well as the possibility of utilizing the
fuel market optimally.
The primary heat suppliers provide the heat supply for the most
part of the year. However, there is also a need for peak and
reserve load boilers that can be used as back-up in situations
where the primary heat supply from the usual suppliers is either
inadequate or interrupted. This boiler capacity can either be
rented by large heat suppliers in the area or the DH company
itself can establish the necessary capacity. These boilers can
often be switched on or off by a remote control at the opera-
tion center of the DH company.
The supply of fuel to the local peak and reserve load boilers takes
place through agreements with stable fuel suppliers who make
sure that large amounts of fuel, during for example the holidays,
can be supplied to the boilers in case of a critical situation.
D B D H - 3 0 y ears o f p romoting district heating sol u tions
Even though security of supply is considered carefully already
when designing the DH system, there are always a number of
possible threats in the operational phase. These might be:
Inadequate maintenance of the DH system
Damage to the DH system due to the work of other
workmen near the system
Interruption of supply of fuel, electricity, communication,
water, spare parts, etc.
Strikes and lock-outs
Burglary and vandalism
Fire
Extreme weather conditions
Hacker attacks on IT system
Terror
A DH company cannot prevent occurrences and situations like
these, but it can minimize the risks and the consequences if
anything should happen. This is made possible by formulating a
policy of risks with this content:
Risk assessment
Contingency plans
Policy of maintenance
Security rules for working at the companys installations
In-service training for the staff
Technical alarm systems
(including surveillance of pipe network)
Demands on partners of cooperation
In addition to ensuring a high level of security of supply, the policy
of risks (including guidelines) offers some valuable background
information to the DH companys insurance company. A well-
documented system for risk control thus makes it possible to
obtain a reduced insurance premium compared to the situation
where no policy documentation is available.
Internal security arrangements that ensure a fast turn out
of competent staff/external suppliers in situations where the
heat supply is affected by operation problems are also part of
a modern DH company.
One disadvantage of the high level of security of supply is
that situations rarely occur that prove whether the alert is
adequate. It is therefore necessary to perform training exercise
on a regular basis.
The foundation of a high level of security of supply is already cre-
ated in the design phase, but a clearly formulated policy of risks
focusing on targeted maintenance and a constant in-service
training are also part of the concept that results in a high level
of security of supply. It does not occur out of the blue.
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Small-scale combined heat and power can
be perfectly coupled with wind power
By Jesper Werling, MSc Energy Technology
Lars Bregnbaek, MSc Engineering, Applied Mathematics
Katja Buhrkal, BScE Mathematics and Technology
The authors are employed with the Danish consultancy and
research company Ea Energy Analyses
20 % increase in energy efficiency, 20 % reduction in CO2
emissions and 20 % renewables in energy consumption. These
are the three ambitious 2020 targets of the EU in order to
meet the combined challenges of climate change and energy
security.
Due to their large potential and cost effectiveness combined
heat and power (CHP) and wind power are expected to de-
liver a substantial part of the targets. In the EU, cogenera-
tion supplies around 13 % of electricity production and 15 %
of the heating market. Wind power supplies almost four % of
electricity production and is increasing rapidly, both on- and
offshore. In some countries, the share of these two corner-
stone technologies is substantial. As an example, approx. 40 %
of heating consumption and 60 % of electricity consumption
were produced by means of CHP and 15-20 % of electricity
consumption produced by wind power in Denmark.
An important question for planners and investors in the ener-
gy sector is how well CHP and wind can co-exist in the years to
come. Will lower and more fluctuating electricity prices chal-
lenge the economy of district heating and CHP? Preliminary
results from a Danish research project show that flexible CHP
D B D H - 3 0 y ears o f p romoting district heating sol u tions
A natural gas-fired CHP plant
(Elsinore). The water tank used
for storing heat production can
be seen in the left side of the
photo. Photo: Ole Christiansen
systems can be a major advantage in a future energy system
with more wind power. The combination of CHP units with heat
storage, heat boilers and possibly other new heat production
technologies can be used for indirectly storing the fluctuating
electricity production in a cost-efficient and energy-efficient
way.
In liberalised electricity markets, the price of electricity is de-
termined by supply and demand in each time segment. In the
Nordic power market (Nord Pool), electricity can be traded
on a day-ahead basis in the spot market. When the operating
hour is approaching, the positions can be adjusted in different
intra-day markets.
In June 2007, Ea Energy Analyses concluded an analysis of the
consequence of increasing the share of wind power in Den-
mark to 50 % of electricity consumption, compared to a sce-
nario without further investment in wind. The Balmorel model
and database (www.Balmorel.com) were used for the model-
ling. The study was financed by the Danish Wind Industry As-
sociation. The main focus was to analyse the costs and ben-
efits to society of increasing the investments in wind turbines
towards 2025.

Electricity price (EURO/MWh)
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1 1001 2001 3001 4001 5001 6001 7001
Reference scenario 2025 50% wind power in 2025
Figure 1: Electricity price duration curve. Reference scenario in
2025 compared to the 50 % wind scenario in 2025. Prices are de-
rived from hourly modelling of electricity markets in Sweden, Fin-
land, Norway, Germany and Denmark. In both scenarios, the model
calculated optimal investments in each region from a catalogue
of available technologies.
The figure clearly indicates that increasing amounts of wind in
a liberalised electricity market must be expected to decrease
the average price on electricity. Another result from the mod-
elling is that price volatility will increase. A third effect - which
was not analysed in that study - is that the predictability of
the electricity prices falls when the market bids are conduct-
ed on a day-ahead basis.
These three effects have aroused some concern as to how
the economy of different CHP technologies will be affected in
a future with substantially more wind in Denmark and through-
out the EU.
Together with Ris and RAM-lse, Ea Energy Analyses is now
carrying out a research project partly financed by the Danish
Energy Authority to analyse the role of district heating in the
energy system of the future. The project team also includes a
number of district heating experts from Danish district heat-
ing companies. The project will be concluded in December 2008
and aims to analyse how district heating can develop its role
in the energy system of the future through a dynamic use of
existing technologies and alternative technologies such as
heat pumps, solar heating, geothermal energy, district cooling
and heat storage. Furthermore, the aim is to analyse how the
interplay between the electricity market and district heat-
ing can be optimised. As an important part of the project, a
number of model analyses are undertaken using the Balmorel
model to analyse technical and economic aspects of new solu-
tions in the district heating sector. Compared to other elec-
tricity market models, Balmorel has a relatively strong rep-
resentation of the district heating sector including detailed
heat consumption profiles and the possibility of short- and
long-term heat storage.
JOURNAL N0. 3/2008
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A model study of a small-scale district heating system is
currently being carried out. In this system, the main produc-
tion unit is a natural gas-fired engine. Furthermore, there is
a heat storage tank and boilers for back-up production. The
operation of the district heating system is being modelled in
two scenarios: a reference scenario and a scenario with sig-
nificantly more wind power in the electricity system. Different
combinations of technologies are being analysed in order to
find the most cost-effective and robust system.
8001
The preliminary results from our analysis show that:
Increasing amounts of wind penetration will change the opti-
mal investment portfolio in the electricity market. The amount
of base load will decrease, and consequently the amount of
flexible peak load and intermediate load will increase.
The price-reducing effect from wind power will primarily af-
fect electricity prices in the base-load price segments. Peak-
load and intermediate-load prices will occur with the same
frequency as in the reference scenario but they will become
more unpredictable.
If the natural gas-fired CHP units have access to heat storage
of 6-7 hours full load, they will in general be able to avoid the
negative effect of reduced electricity prices by shifting pro-
duction to hours with higher prices. This behaviour will at the
same time reduce total costs in the electricity system.
Very low electricity prices will occur, but probably not in many
hours. It can be to the benefit of the small- scale CHP plants to
invest in electric water heaters for heat production in these
hours. Such investments will also increase the plants ability to
act in the growing regulating markets.
Flexible CHP plants with heat storage facilities make it pos-
sible to conduct peak and intermediate electricity produc-
tion without losing the high overall fuel efficiency. In laymans
terms: The CHP plants are able to store the wind power in
cheap hot water tanks.
For further information please contact:
Ea Energy Analyses
Frederiksholms Kanal 1, 1. sal
DK-1220 Kbenhavn K
Jesper Werling: jw@eaea.dk / +45 6039 1705
Lars Bregnbaek: lb@eaea.dk / +45 6039 1706
Katja Frederik Buhrkal: kb@eaea.dk / +45 6133 6656
www.dbdh.dk
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Large-scale
solar heating
Solar energy is the most obvious CO2 neutral heat source we
can imagine - and it is everywhere. The only problem is that the
investments and thus the capital costs of the produced heat
are rather high and that there is not as much need for heat
when the sun is shining. However, there is a growing market
for solar heating even in a Northern country like Denmark. In
the past 20 years solar heating for district heating has been
developed into being much more efficient, technically as well as
economically. In Denmark these plants are competitive com-
pared to the alternative in many district heating systems.
In Denmark we have today 9 large solar heating plants (>1,000
m2), in total 55,000 m2, and several large plants are in the
pipeline.
Billede med fr og paneler
In the study Heat plan Denmark Ramboll expects that all dis-
trict heating systems that do not already yield a surplus of
energy (which else will be wasted) in the summer months will
invest in large-scale solar heating.
The only problem is that solar heating cannot compete with
the fixed part of the surplus heat from waste-to-energy and
biogas CHP plants. The heat from waste and biogas can only be
stored for a few days.
Depending on the available resources of this kind of surplus
heat and the development of the heating and cooling market
we expect that Denmark, within the next 10 years, will have
more than 50 large-scale solar heating plants, within a total
of 1-2 mio. m2.
D B D H - 3 0 y ears o f p romoting district heating sol u tions
By Flemming Ulbjerg, Solar heating expert,
Rambll Denmark
At the same time small-scale solar heating applications have
been developed and these are competitive compared to elec-
tric heating and individual boilers which have a low efficiency in
the summer.
There will be a considerable market for these small-scale
plants for heating buildings, however only those with expensive
heat sources in the summer period, e.g. electric heating. As
a main rule, individual small-scale solar heating plants should,
however, not be installed on buildings that can be supplied with
district heating or block heating because large-scale solar ap-
plications for district heating and block heating prove to be
significantly more profitable than small-scale plants.
The main reason is that the investment costs per m2 solar
panel in large-scale solar heating plants are dramatically low-
er than the costs for establishing small-scale solar heating
plants. At the same time the performance tends to be better
in the large-scale plant compared to the small-scale plant.
The result is that there is an improvement in the price/per-
formance ratio by a factor 6 going from a 5 m2 installation to
a 20,000 m2 installation.
$/m2
1,200
1,000
800
600
400
200
0 m2
5 10 100 1000 10,000 20,000
$/m2
Diagram no. 1
Price pr m2 of different sizes of solar heating plants, including
heat storage. Moreover, the performance from the large plant is
in general 20% higher than the performance of the small plants.

If solar heating is to be part of the national energy policy and
the political aim is to supply a city with a significant fraction of
solar heating energy, this can be done in the most efficient way
with a citywide district heating system already existing and in
operation in the summer period.
We can point out the following advantages of using solar heat-
ing from one large district heating solar plant compared to a
large number of small-scale individual solar plants:
The investments pr m2 installed panel is 5 times lower
The efficiency is 1.2 times larger
Low cost thermal storages becomes feasible, which will
increase the utilisation of the solar heating
The project is much simpler to implement
The project can be implemented in a short time
The plant can be monitored and maintained more efficiently
The lifespan will increase
Thus, both from an economic point of view as well as a tech-
nical/practical point of view the large scale solar is the best
solution. Therefore district heating has an important role in
utilising thermal solar heating in a large scale.
ABB A/S, Meterbuen 33, DK-2740 Skovlunde, Phone: +45 4450 4450, e-mail: abb.dk@dk.abb.com
JOURNAL N0. 3/2008
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The challenge for the district heating company is to run the
district heating network efficiently in order to maximize the
benefits of the solar heating. That is first of all:
To reduce heat losses and the supply temperature drop in
the summer period
To reduce the requirement for maximal supply temperature
in the summer period
To encourage the consumers to lower the return
temperature by tariff incentives
To advice the consumers on how to improve the consumer
installations
An efficient low-temperature network, which will increase the
performance of the solar heating, will also allow the district
heating company to use other heat sources more efficiently,
e.g. economizers, CHP plants, geothermal energy, low tempera-
ture surplus heat and heat pumps.
Below is presented 2 cases of large-scale solar heating plants
in Denmark:
Together We Can Solve
the Challenges of Tomorrow
ABB undertakes a variety of projects within
district heating from small to large-scale
turnkey projects.
We offer a wide range of automation solu-
tions and products all based on the latest
IT technology.
ABB in Denmark is the worldwide research
and development center for district heating and
cooling automation within the ABB Group.
www.dbdh.dk
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Large-scale solar heating
Below is presented 2 cases of large-scale solar heating plants
in Denmark:
Case 1: Rise district heating plant
In 2000 a new small district heating plant was set in operation
in Rise at the island Aeroe in Denmark. At present the plant
supplies 115 building, including the public school, an old peoples
home, the church, the inn, garages etc. and the majority of the
single family houses in the town close to the plant.
The plant includes:
3,600 m2 solar panels,
a biomass boiler of 800 kW (Wood pellets) and
heat storage of 4,000 m3, corresponding to 25 hours of
max load of the boiler (steel tank)
The aim was to obtain a solar heating fraction of 50%, which
requires a very large heat storage capacity. The capacity cor-
responds roughly to the heat demand, 24 hours, on a cold win-
ter day.
The storage is also in operation in wintertime to balance the
heat demand and the supply from the biomass boiler. As a mat-
ter of fact, the hourly peak load is 1,300 kW, which exceeds
the capacity of the biomass boiler. By using the top half of the
storage tank in the wintertime, the peaks from load fluctua-
tions can be covered by supplying heat from the storage to
supplement the biomass boiler.
In case of a breakdown of the biomass boiler, the storage acts
as emergency supply for a limited period.
Planning the Rise district heating plant we focussed very much
on the return flow temperatures from the building installa-
tions. To ensure the lowest possible return flow temperature,
all the heating installations were carefully balanced, fitting the
necessary valves at each radiator etc. and setting these valves
to the lowest possible flow. The result was a return flow in the
winter of 30oC, and 36 40oC in the summer.
D B D H - 3 0 y ears o f p romoting district heating sol u tions
This low temperature made it possible to install smaller main
pipes and to achieve a very high efficiency of the heat storage
and the solar heating plant as well.
Case 2: Marstal, Denmark
The solar heating plant in Marstal has now been extended from
9,000 m2 to 18,300 m2. A newly developed type of heat stor-
age was installed: a pit heat storage, dug into the ground and
covered by a floating lid. For large-scale heat storages above
50,000 m3 - this type is very promising. The price is less than
25 $ pr m3 of storage, which is around 3 times less than the
price of a pressure-less steel tank accumulator. This oppor-
tunity will enlarge the potential market for large-scale solar
heating plants significantly. The storage type is of course also
an option in other applications like combined heat and power
plants, waste incineration plants etc. in which there is a need
for storage of heat for levelling of load fluctuation on a weekly
or even monthly basis.
Installation of the new panels for the extension of the plant in Marstal.
International potential for large scale solar panels
There is an increasing interest for large scale solar heating
around the world, not least in countries in where the solar
heating can produce 2-3 times more solar hear pr. m2 than
in Denmark. Ramboll has been active with solar heating stud-
ies, demonstration projects and factories etc. in Romania, Uz-
bekistan, Vietnam and South Korea.
For further information please contact:
Ramboll
Att.: Flemming Ulbjerg
Teknikerbyen 31 DK-2830 Virum
Phone: +45 4598 6000
Fax: +45 4598 7600
fu@ramboll.dk

Utilisation of low-grade energy sources
With increasing focus on the need to
reduce the human influence on the cli-
mate coming from burning fossils fuels,
the future will set up claims that all
energy resources in the society must
be utilised. Here district heating (DH)
will be an integrated part of the infra-
structure in all modern societies, be-
cause DH makes it possible to utilise
low-grade energy sources which would
otherwise be lost to the surroundings.
The future as described in this arti-
cle came to the Danish town Aalborg
many years ago. Today the town is well-
known due to a well-designed DH sys-
tem, which makes it possible to utilise
surplus heat from the cement indus-
try, waste incineration, sewage water
treatment and combined production
of heat and power (CHP). Less than 1%
of the production of district heating in
the city of Aalborg comes from heat-
only boilers.
The city of Aalborg
The city of Aalborg is the 4th largest
city in Denmark, and the DH supply of
the city is not only characterized by a
great utilisation of surplus heat from
different industries, but also a great
amount of industrial symbiosis.
Symbiosis means co-existence between
diverse organisms in which each may
benefit from the other. In this context,
the term is applied about the industrial
co-operation taking place in Aalborg
between a numbers of companies, all of
which exploit each others residual or
by-products mutually.
JOURNAL N0. 3/2008
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11
By Ole Torp, Manager, Aalborg District Heating Company and
Nils-Aage Gregersen, Technical Manager, Aalborg District Heating Company
The DH system in Aalborg covers a heat million tonnes per year of fly ash in the
demand equivalent to 100,000 house- cement and concrete industry was es-
holds and is characterized by utilisation tablished. At Aalborg Portland fly ash is
of surplus heat from a cement industry, used partly as raw material in the ce-
a waste incineration plant, two sew- ment kilns, partly as an addition to the
age water treatment plants and a CHP finished cement. In this way the power
plant. The heat production in 2007 is plant has solved a very substantial part
shown in fig. 1. of its waste deposit problems.
Producer Production TJ/year Production - %
Aalborg Portland Cement Industry 1,753 28.9
Reno Nord - Waste incineration plant 1,337 22.1
Sewage water treatment plant 9 0.0
Nordjylland - CHP plant 2,982 49.0
Heat-only boilers 9 0.0
Total production 6,090
Fig. 1 Heat production 2007 At the end of the 1980s Aalborg Port-
land entered into cooperation with Aal-
Aalborg Portland borg Municipal Authorities concerning
cement industry recovery of the waste heat from four
One of the important, old companies cement kilns. With financial support
in Aalborg is Aalborg Portland cement from the EU, together they developed a
factory which was established in 1889. heat recovery plant.
The company is today in the forefront
when it comes to process and environ- Among the latest activities is the use of
mental improvements, thus today the alternative raw materials and fuels as
company is among the technically most cement kiln is perfect for recycling such
advanced, and the factory site and the materials. It has a flame temperature
surroundings are characterized by of 2,000O C, and the materials remain
green areas. in the burning zone for an appropriate
time. Among projects which have been
To get that far, Aalborg Portland has established or are being established
invested in considerable development are: paper sludge from the recycling
projects over the years, which has also paper mills, used catalysts from the oil
produced many spin-offs developed in industry, sand blasting sand from the
cooperation with universities, public shipyards and similar industries and
authorities, institutions or private com- used car tyres. By using these prod-
panies. The first important cooperative ucts as kiln fuel, Aalborg Portland fulfils
project was accomplished at the end a social requirement and reduces the
of the 1970s together with the power amounts of waste which have to be de-
plant. Here a recycling of approx. half a posited.
www.dbdh.dk
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Utilisation of low-grade energy sources
Heat to the local community of the flue gases is removed from the Today Aalborg Portland supplies the DH
30,000 households flue gases. Water is also produced as system with 1,750 TJ/year (around 30 %
In the early 1990s, Aalborg Portland and the steam in the flue gases condenses. of the DH demand) and it is estimated
the City of Aalborg developed a com- Both water and gypsum are recycled in that the supplies will increase to 1,800
bined plant. The flue gases from the the production processes. Finally, the TJ/year in the coming years.
white kilns contained enormous amounts scrubbers also act as effective filters
of energy owing to the high moisture as the small amount of dust remaining in Reno Nord, waste
content and high temperature. A plant the flue gas after passing through the incineration plant
was designed to recycle heat and clean electrostatic precipitator is removed The waste incineration plant is a CHP
the flue gases today the total heat completely. plant based on waste from households
capacity of that plant is 102 MJ/s. The and industries. The plant consists of two
plant serves the 5 white kilns which pro- Aalborg Portlands investment in this units - unit one with a heat capacity of
duce white cement and is connected to plant, which has since been enlarged, 50 MJ/s, and unit 2 with a heat capacity
Aalborgs district heating network. Heat totals about EUR 27 million. The purpose of 18 MJ/s. Today the plant has an envi-
exchangers and so-called scrubbers of optimising the plant was not only to ronmental licence to burn 175,000 tons
cool the flue gases from approx. 250C increase the heat recovery, but also to waste per year which is equivalent to a
to approx. 70C before they are emitted achieve considerable effectiveness in heat production of 1,400 TJ/year (round
into the atmosphere. At the same time, cleaning flue gases. Annually the plant 22 % of the DH demand), but that
the district heating water is heated to
approx. 75-80C. A great deal of heat
is recycled as the plant yields enough
F A c t s

Technical specifications Unit 2 Unit 3 Gas turbine

heat to supply about 30,000 houses in Commissioned 1977 1998 1977
the Aalborg area. At the same time, the Electricity capacity (gross) 305 MW 411 MW 25 MW
environment is spared the burning of a District heating capacity 42 MJ/s 420 MJ/s
corresponding amount of coal or oil with Coal consumption at full load 105 t/h 118 t/h
resulting emission of SOx, NOx and CO2. Steam pressure 198 bar 289 bar
In addition, the flue gases from the kilns Steam temperature 535oC 582oC
are purified of sulphur.

license will be expanded to 221,000 tons

Heat price development of waste per year equivalent to a heat
tarrifs DDk/m3 surplus heat tj/year production of 1,700 TJ/year in the fu-
16 3,000 ture.
14
2,500
12 Sewage water treatment plant
2,000 Utilisation of surplus heat from two
10

8 1,500 sewage water treatment plants in the

6 municipality is also a part of the DH sup-

1,000
4
ply to the city of Aalborg. The annual DH
500 production is small only between 9 and
2
16 TJ but instead of releasing the en-
0 0
1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

ergy to the environment, the energy is

VAT taxes district heating

utilised for DH purposes.

Nordjylland CHP plant

The scrubbers are located at the bot- produces 35,000 tonnes of desulphuri- Nordjylland CHP plant generates elec-
tom of the plants chimneys. Chalk slurry sation gypsum, a product used in the tricity and DH in two separate plants
is injected into the scrubbers and reacts manufacture of cement. This gypsum - unit 2 and unit 3. Known as the worlds
with the sulphur dioxide (SO2) present replaces an equal quantity of imported most efficient and environment-friendly
in the flue gas to form gypsum. In this natural gypsum. coal-fired power station, unit 3 is the
way, about 90-92 % of the sulphur dioxide primary unit. The original unit 1 has been

D B D H - 3 0 y ears o f p romoting district heating sol u tions


scrapped. In addition, Nordjylland CHP
plant has a diesel-fired gas turbine plant
at its disposal, which can be used to re-
start coal-fired generating facilities in
the event of nationwide power outages.
To increase the flexibility of the CHP
plant two heat accumulators are con-
structed, one in connection with the
plant and another one in the centre of
the city where the former power plant
Nordkraft was placed the accumula-
tors boast an energy content of 3,680
GJ respectively 4,000 GJ. The annual
production of DH is approx. 3,000 TJ
equivalents to 49 % of the DH demand.
Peak and reserve load
production
To put the DH consumers in focus, a
reliable heat supply is fundamental for
the DH company in Aalborg. Therefore
the DH company has invested in boiler
back-up in case of heat failures from
the primary production units. The maxi-
Individual
heat metering
makes sense
A recent project in Romania proves once
again that individual heat metering makes
both environmental and financial sense.
Brunata Futura+ the heat
cost allocator of the future
JOURNAL N0. 3/2008
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_
13
mum heat demand in the DH system is concept which reduces the consump-
calculated to around 520 MJ/s. To cover tion of fossil fuels, reduces the emis-
that heat demand the DH company have sions to the environment and gives the
at its own disposal 447 MJ/s from heat- DH consumers a low energy price: it is a
only boilers, 18 MJ/s from the smallest win-win-win situation.
unit at the waste incineration plant and
64 MJ/s from the cement industry this
equals a total of 529 MJ/s. For further information
please contact:
Summary Aalborg DH Company
For the first time, in 2007 the amount Hjulmagervej 20
of surplus heat from the cement in- DK-9000 Aalborg
dustry and the waste incineration plant
exceeded more than 50 % of the total Manager Ole Torp
production of DH in Aalborg. With the Phone: +45 9931 4801
ongoing activities the forecasts indi- Mobile: +45 2520 4802
cate that this share of heat production ot-forsyning@aalborg.dk
will increase to more than 57 %.
Technical Manager
The city of Aalborg is an excellent ex- Nils-Aage Gregersen
ample of how utilisation of low-grade Phone: +45 9931 4850
energy sources (surplus heat from in- Mobile: +45 2520 4850
dustries and waste incineration) can be nag-forsyning@aalborg.dk
utilised in a modern DH system. It is a
The installation of 57,000
Brunata heat cost allo-
cators in apartments in
five Romanian cities has
delivered energy savings
of 24%.
Allowing households to
control their heat con-
sumption and pay accord-
ingly is common sense.
Call us on tel.
+45 7777 7000 or visit
www.brunata.com to
learn more about Brunata
and the Phare project in
Romania.
After all who would not
want to make money by
making an effort for the
environment?
Vesterlundvej 14
DK-2730 Herlev
www.dbdh.dk
P
_ Mr. Ove Dalsgaard, Mayor of Ballerup kommune and president of Vestforbrnding opens for the
14 construction of the new district heating network assisted by Mr. Tom Nybroe, director of Nybroe
aps (right), the first new district heating consumer.

By Per Wulff, Technical and Energy

Director, I/S Vestforbrnding and
Anders Dyrelund, Market Manager for
Energy and Climate, Ramboll Denmark A/S

Waste to energy - How local communities

create value from their own waste
Waste to energy in Denmark
Waste-to-energy is the dominating renewable heat energy source in Denmark.
The utilization of heat from waste-to-energy plants has increased by a factor 4 since 1980 and is expected to increase by a factor
1.5 within 20 years. Besides, the share of CHP in the waste-to-energy plants increase to 100%. Therefore waste-to-energy will
continue to be an important factor in the Danish energy policy.

This dramatic increase in waste-to-energy is due to several
factors:
the total energy content of waste has increased in spite
of more recycling
the heat markets have been developed and integrated
the total efficiency has increased, not least due to flue The waste management company I/S Vestforbrnding owns
gas condensation
the old heat only units are gradually being replaced by Europe and is responsible for around 15% of all waste manage-
CHP units
the electrical efficiency of the CHP units is increasing
At the same time, the optimal size of a waste incinerator has
increased to around 30 tons/hour in order to meet the envi-
ronmental standards in a cost effective way.
Therefore, the challenge for the district heating systems will
be to improve the utilization of the available capacity in the
summer period in order to reduce the need for deposits (from
summer to winter), e.g.:
by converting consumers from natural gas supply
to district heating
by transmitting heat long distance to other networks
by utilizing surplus energy in the summer period
for cooling
A good showcase of this development is Vestforbrnding sit-
uated in a suburb of Copenhagen.
Vestforbrnding a good combination of
waste-to-energy and district heating
one of the largest waste incineration CHP plants in Northern
ment in Denmark. Almost all the waste is incinerated in two
modern waste-to-energy CHP units, and all the heat is utilized
in the district heating system in the Copenhagen region.
In 2006 the Board of Vestforbrnding approved a very profit-
able heat planning strategy on how to expand the local heat
market by gaining market share from large individual natural
gas boilers, which will significantly reduce the CO2 emissions.
As the plant is owned by the municipality, all the improvements
will be to the benefit of the consumers. The fee for waste incin-
eration will be reduced from 20 /tonne to around 14 /tonne,
and also the heat consumers will benefit.

D B D H - 3 0 y ears o f p romoting district heating sol u tions

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P
_
16
Waste to energy - How local communities create value from their own waste
The district heating system
The first part of the network was established in concrete
ducts with a constant supply temperature of 160 oC to supply
the hospital and industries. The second part of the network
was established with preinsulated pipes some years later as
a low temperature system with supply temperatures from 80
to 120 oC.
After the oil crisis the district heating system was extended
and Vestforbrnding took active part in the municipal heat
planning process in accordance with the heat supply act from
1979. Consequently, in 1985 Vestforbrnding was intercon-
nected with the Copenhagen heat transmission system with
an 80 and later a 70 MW connection in order to utilise all the
surplus heat even in the summer period.
Today the maximal supply temperature is 125 oC and it is the
aim to reduce it further taking into account the consumers
demand for high temperature. Even more important is to re-
duce the return temperature in order to increase the capacity
of the network and to improve the efficiency of the CHP and
the flue gas condensation. Therefore Vestforbrnding intends
to help and encourage the consumers to reduce the tempera-
ture.
The waste incinerator
Due to the Danish energy policy the two newest units, unit
5 and unit 6, were established with combined production of
heat and electricity. Vestforbrnding is now one of the larg-
est waste incinerators in Northern Europe incinerating up to
600,000 tonnes/year producing electricity and heat at a total
efficiency close to 100%.
In order to increase the profitability, the total efficiency of one
unit has been increased by installing fluegas condensation with
a steam driven absorbtion heat pump. With this condensation
in operation the unit can produce 15-20 MW heat more, reduc-
ing the electricity production by just 2 MW.
The waste-to-energy plant has a triple positive impact on the
climate:
1. Waste incineration reduces the emission of methane consumers in terms of lower tariffs for the household waste
from landfills which cannot be recaptured
2. Utilization of heat from the incinerator substitutes CO2
emissions from other heat sources
3. CHP increases the CO2 emission reduction significantly
D B D H - 3 0 y ears o f p romoting district heating sol u tions
Market strategy 2015 for the district heating
Since the municipal heat plans and the zoning between dis-
trict heating and natural gas were established around 1985
the market conditions have changed significantly:
CO2 emission reduction is now an important objective
The heat density has increased as many large buildings
have been constructed
Industries have to pay fuel taxes for the fuel for heating
purposes
The natural gas network is depreciated and the Danish
natural resources will soon dry out
Natural gas consumers need to replace their boilers
There is an increasing amount of waste heat, which can
not be utilised in the summer period
Consequently there is a huge potential for increasing the dis-
trict heating market, changing the zoning from natural gas to
district heating.
Therefore Vestforbrnding, in collaboration with the neigh-
bouring municipalities, elaborated a district heating market
strategy in order to identify the most optimal development of
the district heating system. The analysis shows in brief that
it is profitable to increase the district heating sale from the
present 300,000 MWh to around 600,000 MWh in districts
close to the existing supply areas. New networks have to be
established but the heat losses will only increase from the ex-
isting 50,000 MWh up to around 70,000 MWh as the heat den-
sity of the new districts is rather high and as existing pipes
are utilised better. Currently 20% of this plan has been im-
plemented successfully and more than 90% of the consumers
have been connected the first year. Moreover, a new plan is to
establish a transmission line to supply an additional 100,000
MWh base load to another heat transmission system, which is
today supplied from a natural gas-fuelled CHP plant.
The analysis shows that the economic rate of return is 10-12%
for the whole society of Denmark, and around 25% for Vestfor-
brnding and the consumers. Thus implementing this plan will
significantly increase the profit for the owners not as profit
to an investor nor to the municipal budgets, but directly to the
and lower tariffs for heat.
The heat planning process
The competition between the natural monopolies, which in this
case are the district heating and the natural gas infrastruc-
ture, is regulated by the heat supply act. The act states that
the municipalities in co-operation with the energy utilities shall
work with heat planning as an integrated part of the urban
planning and that the municipalities shall promote environ-
mentally friendly and energy efficient projects, which are prof-
 P
_
17

itable for the Danish society. Accord- Waste in Denmark 1980 2000 2005 2010 2020 2030
ingly, Vestforbrnding is only allowed to Status Statistics Forecast
invest in a district heating pipe to sup- Recycling 1000 t 1,600 8,461 9,454 9,752 10,600 11,753
ply a consumer in the natural gas zone Incineration 1000 t 1,900 3,064 3,473 3,607 4,047 4,592
if it can be justified that the economic Landfill deposit 1000 t 5,000 1,426 981 950 900 900
internal rate of return for the society Waste in total 1000 t 8,500 12,951 13,999 14,309 15,547 17,245
for this investment is somewhat larger Energy content per ton MWh/t 2,200 2,917 2,917 3,000 3,000 3,000
than 6% (in fixed prices). Electricity production GWh 0 849 1,519 1,818 2,792 3,444
Utililized heat GWh 1,756 5,912 6,640 7,763 9,349 10,608
The procedure, which is described in a Cooling of surplus heat GWh 1,170 657 349 158 0 0
secondary act and in guidelines issued Energy content GWh 4,180 8,937 10,821 10,821 12,141 13,776
by the Energy Authority, outlines the
requirements to the project propos-
als and the procedure for the municipal
approval. That includes a 4-weeks pub-
lic hearing in which e.g. the natural gas
company can complain and question the
analysis, and it includes the possibility
that one of the parties after the mu-
nicipal approval, with a 4-weeks notice,
can appeal the decision of the munici-
pality to The Energy Board of Appeal.

For further information:

see News from DBDH 4/2006
or contact:

Vestforbrnding
Att.: Per Wulff
Ejby Mosevej 219
DK-2600 Glostrup
Phone: +45 4485 7000
Fax: +45 4485 7001
pw@vestfor.dk

Rambll
Att.: Anders Dyrelund
Teknikerbyen 31
DK-2830 Virum
Phone: +45 4598 8766
Fax: +45 4598 6700
ad@ramboll.dk

JOURNAL N0. 3/2008 www.dbdh.dk

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18
Refurbisment of Amager CHP plant, unit 1
Welcome to Copenhagen welcome to Amager CHP plant!
The CHP plant stands on the site of a former fortress, which
formed part of the military protection of Copenhagen. Today
the task is to secure the supply of power and district heating
to Copenhagen.
Energy for Copenhagen
Amager CHP plant unit 1 was commissioned in 1971. Shortly af-
terwards, in 1972, unit 2 was commissioned. Then a calm period
followed until 1989, when unit 3 was ready to go into operation.
Unit 2 was converted to biomass-firing in 2003. In 2004 unit 1
was decommissioned for a thorough renovation, which is ex-
pected to be completed at the end of 2008.
Improved capacity
Since the first coal-fired plant was commissioned back in 1971,
Amager CHP plant has continuously strengthened both capac-
ity and efficiency. The ongoing optimisation of the facilities is
for the benefit of the Copenhageners and our common envi-
ronment.
Fuel consumption
Amager CHP plant burns about 700,000 tonnes of coal annu-
ally, brought to the plant on coal barges. Each barge carries
about 10,000 tonnes, transported either from a coal terminal
in Southern Jutland close to the German border - or from di-
rect external suppliers. The coal site at Amager CHP plant has
storage capacity for about 500,000 tonnes of coal. In addition,
each year the plant burns about 70,000 tonnes of biomass in
the form of straw pellets and wood pellets. Biomass consump-
tion will increase with around 150,000 tonnes annually from
2008 when unit 1 resumes operation after the renovation and
conversion project. Oil is basically used only for starting up the
plants, and annual consumption therefore hovers at slightly
more than 3,000 tonnes.
District heating
From the very beginning, heat generation for the district heat-
ing network of the Greater Copenhagen area has accounted
for a considerable part of Amager CHP plants total energy
production.
D B D H - 3 0 y ears o f p romoting district heating sol u tions
By Project Manager Jrgen Thastrup, Vattenfall
The renovation and conversion project of unit 1 is an integral
part of the Copenhagen Plan, which is designed to secure the
district heating supply in Copenhagen for the next 20 years
ahead.
The Copenhagen Plan also involves the simultaneous construc-
tion of a large-scale steam tunnel from Amager CHP plant to
the city centre. The tunnel which is constructed, operated
and owned by Copenhagen Energy - is four kilometres long with
a diameter exceeding four metres. Running under the har-
bour, it is designed to transport the steam from unit 1 to the
Copenhagen district heating network.
For further information about the tunnel, please use the link
www.dbdh.dk/images/uploads/pdf-distribution/new-tunnel-for-dh.pdf
From fuel to power and district heating
The duty of a plant like Amager CHP plant is to convert the
energy of the fuel into power and district heating for consum-
ers. Fuels at Amager CHP are coal, oil and biofuels.
Coal is brought to the plant by ship or barge and stockpiled on
the CHP plants coal site - oil is stored in tanks. The biomass is
transported to the CHP plant by ship or truck. The fuel is fed
to the boiler furnace, which consists of walls welded together
from kilometres of pipes. During combustion, which takes place
at a temperature of 1,500-1,800oC, the water in the pipes is
converted into not only steam, but superheated steam. This is
possible because the steam has an extremely high tempera-
ture under very high pressure. Pressure and temperature are
key factors for determining the efficiency that is attainable
when the steam is recovered in the turbine.
A part of the steam is tapped from the medium pressure part
of the turbine to be used for district heating production. The
steam is passed through a heat exchanger, where it heats the
water from the city network from about 40oC to 80-90oC, al-
lowing it to be reused for heating purposes. To optimise pro-
duction, the CHP plant is equipped with an heat accumulator
volume of 25,000 m3 - for storing a quantity of hot district
heating water sufficient to meet several hours of demand.

New technology benefits the environment
When unit 1 resumes operation, this part of Amager CHP plant
will also be capable of burning biofuels. The occasion clearly
marks Vattenfalls commitment to more environment-friendly
energy generation.
Improvements to existing facilities
During the renovation - to be finalised at the end of 2008 - unit
1 will be equipped with environmental installations to clean the
flue gas of nitrogen oxides and sulphur. Unit 3 already features
such installations, whereas unit 2 is primarily fired by environ-
ment-friendly biofuels. Unit 1 is constructed as a multifuel
plant equipped with a new boiler and turbine plant. In addition
to the desulphurisation and de-NOx plants, a new stack has
been erected for the unit.
The newly renovated unit 1 will be capable of burning heavy fuel
oil, coal and biomass, and the unit will be the largest biomass
unit in Denmark. The multi-fuel unit will have a load range as
follows:
Heavy fuel oil: 20 % - 100 %
Coal: 35 % - 100 %
Straw pellets: 35 % - 90 %
Wood pellets: 35 % - 100 %
The heavy fuel oil will be used only as start up fuel or emer-
gency fuel. The bio pellets will be used either as single fuel or
as co-firing with coal.
To use biomass in large-scale CHP plants is a challenge. If one
should create the worst imaginable fuel in terms of combus-
tion difficulties straw would be the winner! Corrosive, slag-
ging, dusty, low ignition temperature and special requirements
as to the reuse of ash. On the renovated unit 1, a minimum of
40 % of the energy input to the boiler will come from biomass
approximately 150,000 tonnes per year!
Several measures have been taken in the boiler design to meet
the challenge:
Steels for the inside of the boiler are specifically
selected for their resistance to the very corrosive
environment related to straw firing.
Wide space between the tubes in the superheaters.
Special system to extract the coarse ash from the boiler.
Large mills 100 % load on coal can be obtained on
2 out of 3 mills.
Large number of soot blowers to clean the inside of
the boiler.
Cold air can be supplied to all three mills with only
a marginal loss in efficiency.
Explosion surpressing devices in mills and dust pipes.
JOURNAL N0. 3/2008
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The capacity of the unit will be 80 MW of power and 250 MJ/s
of district heating. The total costs for the renovation of unit 1
are calculated to Euro 225 million. Renovation of unit 1, where
coal is substituted by biomass, will save the environment from
considerable emissions of CO2, SO2 and NOx.
Creative reuse
Vattenfall regards residual products from power and district
heating generation as useful raw materials in other contexts.
For instance, all the flyash is used as an additive in the cement
and concrete industry, where it replaces natural raw materi-
als such as limestone, clay and sand. All Vattenfalls coal-fired
units are installed with desulphurisation facilities. Different
methods exist for removing the flue gas content of sulphur,
and what is known as a wet scrubber system is applied at Am-
ager CHP plant. Here the flue gas is washed with a water and
limestone mixture. During this process, the flue gas content of
sulphur dioxide is converted into gypsum, which is sold to the
plasterboard industry.
Towards a cleaner future
Generation of power and heat is a fundamental part of social
infrastructure. Power generation involves massive resource
consumption, coupled with emissions and discharges of pol-
lutants into air and water. Vattenfall has high ambitions in the
environmental field. Our ambition is simply to be number one in
this field and to be recognised for it. Basically, the CHP plants
need to run as efficiently as possible and constantly with a view
to identifying possibilities for improving operations, reducing
environmental impacts and securing healthy and safe working
conditions. Amager CHP will soon be a result of that ambition.
Faktabox
Technical specifications Unit 1 *) Unit 2 Unit 3
Electricity capacity (gross) 80 MW 95 MW 263 MW
District heating capacity 250 MJ/s 166 MJ/s 331 MJ/s
Coal consumption at full load 50 t/h 88 t/h
Oil consumption at full load 30 t/h 30 t/h 53 t/h
Straw pellet consumption
at full load 75 t/h 60 t/h
Steam pressure 185 bar 90-110 bar 250 bar
Steam temperature 562OC 480OC 545OC
*) Data for the newly renovated unit 1
For further information please contact:
Vattenfall A/S
Generation Nordic, Thermal Power
Att. Jrgen Thastrup Phone: +45 8827 5260
Stberigade 14 Mobile: +45 2787 5547
DK-2450 Kbenhavn SV Jorgen.thastrup@Vattenfall.com
www.dbdh.dk
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By Klaus Jacob Jensen, Head of Department, Ramboll Denmark
Einar Gudmundsson, biogas specialist, Ramboll Denmark
Why biogas utilisation
The green house gas emissions from the farming industry count
for a significant share of the total green house gas emission in
Denmark. Approx. 18% of the total national greenhouse emis-
sions in Denmark has its origin in the agriculture sector. Main
contributions are methane (CH4) from the domestic animals
digestion and laughing gas (N2O) from conversion of nitrogen
fertiliser in the fields.
The most efficient measure to reduce these emissions is to es-
tablish biogas plants, which have a double effect on the green
house gas emission reduction in the Danish environment:
1. The biogas substitutes natural gas in the energy system;
and
2. The emission of CH4 and N2O is reduced considerably.
Further benefits of biogas plants for the society include:
Cheap greenhouse gas reduction
Utilisation of organic waste from industries
and waste water
Efficient redistribution of nutrients
Reduction of emissions of nitrogen and phosphor to
the water environment
Organic fertiliser free of pathogens and weed seeds
and with a declared nutrient content
Smell from slurry reduced as the slurry is turned into
a thinner liquid, which disperses quicker into soil
However, a major barrier for implementing these en-
vironmentally friendly biogas plants is the substan-
tial investment level.
In the light hereof, there is a focus on intelligent and cost
effective integrated solutions that combine all economical and
environmental benefits, such as:
Biogas plants, which process the manure from all
farmers in the region, energy crops, organic waste
from the food industry etc.
Biogass plants, which utilize the methane energy in
the most efficient and cost-effective manner for
production and sale of both electricity and heat.
D B D H - 3 0 y ears o f p romoting district heating sol u tions
Biogas from
the farming
industry
Several full-scale projects and studies in Denmark demon-
strate that a symbiosis of the farming industry and the dis-
trict heating sector is an interesting combination for green
house gas emission reductions in Denmark:
New biogas plants can normally be situated near existing
district heating systems due to the fact that most towns
in Denmark have a developed district heating system.
Many district heating systems have already installed
natural gas fuelled CHP plants. These CHP plants
can be converted or reconstructed into using biogas.
The biogas CHP plant will be first priority base load
in the district heating system, and the surplus heat
can be utilized almost 100%.
The efficient base load heat source will be a driver
for enlarging the district heating system connecting
individual gas and oil boilers to the network, in particular
in case the heat load from the biogas plant exceeds
the heat load of the network in the summer period.
Maabjerg BioEnergy
An example of such a biogas plant is the Maabjerg BioEnergy
plant a biogas project with numerous advantages. The Maa-
bjerg BioEnergy Plant is planned to be the largest biogas plant
worldwide and will be located close to the Danish city Holste-
bro in North West Jutland.
Figure 1. The area
where the project
Maabjerg BioEnergy is taking place
Maabjerg BioEnergy biogas plant. The plant re-
ceives biomass from different sources, trans-
ported by truck and pipelines. Output consists
of the wet and dry fraction of the fermented
slurry, biogas and heat and electricity.

North West Jutland is one of Denmarks most important agri-
cultural areas. Indeed, farming and food production in the pre-
vious Ringkbing County account for a yearly turnover of 550
mil. Euro and employment of 11,400 people.
Unfortunately, from the same area water is discharged directly
into a number of large wetlands, designated by the EU as habi-
tat areas, and the soil is sandy and highly permeable. Altogeth-
er this causes a problem with surplus nutrients (particularly
phosphorous and nitrogen), which are washed out into creeks
and the underground water. In order to adhere to recent leg-
islation concerning utilisation of nitrogen it is necessary for
the farmers to increase the availability and exploitation of the
nitrogen.
The Maabjerg BioEnergy plant offers a solution to this prob-
lem, since manure from the participating farms is separated
into two parts:
A wet fraction, which is returned to the farmers, with
a high content of easily accessible nitrogen (75% of
total amount of nitrogen) and a low content of
phosphorus (25% of total amount of phosphorus).
A dry fraction (fibre fraction), with a high content of
phosphorus and a low content of nitrogen. This fraction
will be combusted and used as a new CO2-neutral biofuel.
JOURNAL N0. 3/2008
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Major barriers and challenges
For several years the owners of Maabjerg BioEnergy Ltd.
have been working for the establishment of the biogas plant
Maabjerg BioEnergy Ltd. The owners are:
The Farmers Association of the Region
(Hedens og Fjordens Landbrugscenter)
Holstebro Fur Farmers Association
Vestforsyning, a municipality-owned company supplying
electricity, heat and water and treating wastewater
DONG Energy Ltd., one of Denmarks main producers of
electricity and heat and the owner of the local CHP plant
of Holstebro, Mbjergvrket
Nomi, a regional waste company
During the past four years the project has phased and over-
come a large number of challenges.
www.dbdh.dk
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Biogas from the farming industry
As a result of a comprehensive dialogue with national au-
thorities about the possibilities for using the fibre fraction for
combustion, various laws have been amended and approved by
the Danish Parliament and notified by the EU-Commission, so
that:
It is allowed to combust the fibre fraction from manure.
For many years the fibre fraction from degassed waste It is estimated that app. 40 GWh electricity and 63 GWh heat
water sludge has been burned in waste water treatment will be generated on the basis of biogas, while 6 GWh electricity
plants.
The farmers do not need to account for nitrogen
reduced through the combustion process in the
fertiliser balance sheet.
The fibre fraction from manure, energy crops etc. is
exempted from waste incineration tax, while the fibre ing the carbon in the fibre fraction for combustion instead of
fraction from waste water sludge is not exempted.
Combustion of the fibre fraction needs to fulfil the EU
Waste Incineration Directive.
In January 2007, the Board of Maabjerg BioEnergy decided to
put the project on hold, because the financial framework con-
ditions at that time were not sufficient attractive to imple-
ment the project.
In February 2008 the Danish Parliament entered into a new en-
ergy agreement for promotion of electricity, generated from
renewable energy sources. According to the act the feed-in
tariff for electricity from biogas, including grant, has been
increased substantially (from previously 8.0 Eurocent/kWh in
project years 1-10, and 5.4 Eurocent/MWh in project years 11
20 to now 10.0 Eurocent/kWh in the entire project period).
Furthermore, the Government guarantees a 60% regulation of
this new tariff with the inflation in society. Besides, there is an
indirect subsidy on the heat, as biogas is exempted from taxa-
tion, which is not the case for heating from natural gas.
The Danish Government expects that these favourable con-
ditions for sale of energy from the plants should boost the
development further up to around 50 new large-scale biogas
plants with a total biogas production of 8 PJ within the next 10
years. In the longer term, the potential biogas production from
the Danish farming industry could be more than 16 PJ or even
more if other suitable organic waste products are included.
Mbjergvrket is a large CHP plant, supplying district heating
to Holstebro and neighbouring towns. The plant has today a
capacity of 28 MW electricity and 76 MJ/s heat. The energy at
the plant is currently produced from municipal waste, straw,
wood and natural gas. There are two boilers for burning waste
and one for burning biomass. The natural gas is used at the so-
called over-heaters of the boilers.
D B D H - 3 0 y ears o f p romoting district heating sol u tions
Placing the biogas plant next to Maabjergvrket makes it pos-
sible to exploit a number of synergies. One advantage is that
dry fraction can be delivered as biofuel to the CHP plant with
minimal transport costs. The dry fraction replaces imported
wood chips in the existing biomass boiler.
and 42 GWh heat (assuming heat recovery of the water in the
fibre) will be generated on the basis of the fibre fraction.
Thus, the generation of CO2-neutral heat and electricity from
Maabjerg BioEnergy will increase with almost 50% when utilis-
spreading the fibre fraction on the fields.
Benefits to the society
The Maabjerg BioEnergy plant will both provide environmental
benefits and benefits related to employment in the area around
Maabjerg. Farming and food production related to the farms,
which will be connected to the Maabjerg BioEnergy plant, ac-
count for an annual turnover of 42 million Euro responding to
an employment of 863 man-years.
Increasing environmental demands from the side of the au-
thorities will make it necessary to reduce production of do-
mestic animals at the farms in the area, unless action is taken.
If not, it will be necessary in the future to reduce the number
of animals at the farms, thereby reducing the annual turnover
with 17,5 million Euro and the employment with 364 man-years
- equivalent to a reduction of employment with 42%.
With the Maabjerg BioEnergy plant it may be possible to in-
crease the production leading to an increase in the annual
turnover of 6.7 million euro and an increase in employment
of 129 man-years - equivalent to an increase of employment
with 15%. Another option is to further reduce the emissions of
phosphor and nitrogen to the water environment and keep the
animal production constantly.
The establishment of Maabjerg BioEnergy plant will further-
more result in substantial reduction of CO2-emissions, NOx-
emissions to air and emissions of nitrogen and phosphor to
the ground water.
For further information, please contact:
Ramboll
Att.: Mr. Klaus Jacob Jensen or Einar Gudmundsson
Teknikerbyen 31
DK-2830 Virum - Denmark
Phone: +45 4598 6000
kj j@ramboll.dk or eig@ramboll.dk

The geothermal plant is located at Margretheholm, Amager.
Photo: Vattenfall and StarKite Luftfoto
Geothermal the future
energy heating source?
In August 2005 the first geothermal demonstration plant in
Copenhagen started commercial operation after a testing
period since the 1st of December 2004. The experience for the
first years of operation of the project has now been assessed
and potential future development of geothermal heating eval-
uated including seasonal heat storage possibilities.
The aim of the demonstration project was to assess the po-
tential for utilizing geothermal energy together with other
energy sources in the supply of heat to the Copenhagen con-
sumers.
With a minor financial support from the Danish Energy Author-
ity, HGS (Hovedstadens Geotermiske Samarbejde) was estab-
lished in January 2000 by five energy companies. Due to reor-
ganization of the Danish energy sector the cooperation today
consist of four companies only.
Three Copenhagen-based district heating companies VEKS,
CTR and KE hold a 18 % share of the cooperation each. How-
ever, each of the three companies is obliged to buy one third of
the heat from the plant.
The first phase of the demonstration project was decided in
2000 including an initial evaluation of the likelihood to find po-
tential geological structures for geothermal energy. The first
phase also contained the general layout of the geothermal
surface facilities.
The first well was drilled at the selected site in the second
phase and terminated with test pumping and evaluation of the
physical parameters of the geological structures.
JOURNAL N0. 3/2008
P
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23
By Mr. Flemming Andersen,
Technical Director, VEKS
Finally in the third phase, the second well was drilled and the
surface facilities established.
Geothermal demonstration project in Copenhagen
The geothermal plant is located at Amager, Copenhagen and is
divided into two main facilities:
The geothermal circuit is the part of the plant which is in
direct contact with the geothermal water from the under-
ground. The circuit consists of 2 wells to a depth of approxi-
mately 2.5 km combined with facilities for filtration, pump-
ing and heat exchange. The facilities are concentrated at a
location next to the sea at the tip of the coal storage area
for the CHP-plant, Amagervrket.
One well has been drilled vertically and the other deviated
from the same location at the surface. That means that the
distance between the extraction and injection points in the
underground is 1.25 km.
The heat pump facilities which partly cool down the district
heating return water before the heat exchanger in the geo-
thermal circuit; partly heat the district heating supply wa-
ter to the sufficient supply temperature. The facilities are
located next to the main district heating pipelines approxi-
mately 800 meters from the geothermal wells.
The heat pumps are based on the absorption principle
and operated by steam from unit 3 at the CHP-plant, Am-
agervrket, which is owned by Vattenfall. Vattenfall is not
part of the HGS cooperation.
The design capacity of the geothermal circuit is 14.2 MW and
the maximum output from the plant is 28 MW including the
geothermal energy.
www.dbdh.dk
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Geothermal energy - the future heating source?
Experience for the first years of operation Production
A lot of experience has been gathered partly during the con- Due to some of the above mentioned reasons, the expected
struction of the geothermal plant partly during the first years geothermal heat production has been decreased from 380 TJ
of operation. annually to 300 TJ. However, there is continuously focus on ini-
The initial drilling was more complicated than originally an- tiatives, which may increase the production rate.
ticipated due to uncertainties in the geological formation.
Choosing more appropriate drilling equipment may reduce The historical geothermal production is:
the expenses for possible future drilling activities. 2004 (from 1st december): 7,100 GJ
New wells will be designed in a way for a better utilization 2005: 106,000 GJ
of the now known information of geological formations, i.e. 2006: 244,000 GJ
optimize the deviations of the wells. 2007: 235,000 GJ
The operation of the wells has been complicated due to
separation of gasses under higher pressures than expect- In 2007 the supply of steam was 233,000 GJ and the total ex-
ed. A submerged pump has been replaced. A new design for penses for the heat from the geothermal plant amounted to
possible future wells will minimize the risk. EUR 7 mill, which is distributed as indicated in the below figure.
Self-cleaning strainers and filters are necessary due to
a continuous emission of particles from the layer of sand Distribution of geothermal expenses.
stone.
Calcareous scaling in the injection well has caused de-
creased injection rates. Reversing the flow has been tried,
but it seems the well has to be flushed with acid at certain
intervals.
The location of the surface facilities close to the sea and
the coal storage is very inconvenient due to intruding par-
ticles in the electrical installations. Special attention has
afterwards been taken into consideration for the design.
The supply of steam for the operation of the heat pumps is
directly interrelated with the time, in which the CHP unit is
in operation. As the unit is not continuously in operation in-
ter alia due to variation in electricity prices and the annual
overhaul of the plant, the geothermal plant will be stopped The economy as indicated in the figure is the gross expenses
in such periods. It is considered to connect the steam sup- calculated as if the district heating companies buy the heat by
ply to a steam utility system, which is always in operation. an independent heat supplier. However, as the district heating
The geothermal plant can only supply heat to a part of the companies actually are also owners of the geothermal plant
entire Copenhagen district heating network. As some of (the heat supplier), the final heating price will be lower than
the higher prioritized heat producers (waste incineration indicated due to favourable conditions for financing of the in-
plants) have increased their heat production in periods vestment.
with low heating demand in the summertime, there is no
room for the geothermal heat in the system.

The plant was officially inaugurated on the 5th of May 2006. The heat
exchangers in the building provide district heating to Copenhagen.
Photo: Dong Energy

D B D H - 3 0 y ears o f p romoting district heating sol u tions


Extension of the plant at the current location
Two main conclusions from the project can be pointed out until
now:
The geothermal heat resources at the location are
tremendous due to huge layers of sandstone.
The geothermal heat can be utilised with the
technology of today.
Consequently geothermal energy may be taken into considera-
tion in the planning of the future heat production capacity in
Copenhagen.
The design of the present two geothermal wells allows for an
extension at that location for another 9 deviated wells located
in a shape of a star. The deviation should be up to 1,800 m. Cal-
culations show that after 200 years there will still be consider-
able geothermal heating resources in the reservoir occupying
approximately 40 km2. After 200 years the temperature in the
production wells will drop from 73 C to approximately 48 C.
o o
The design of the present surface facilities has not taken an
extension of the plant into consideration.
In total the geothermal output from a future extended geo-
thermal plant at Margretheholm, Amager, is calculated to max-
imum 1,500 TJ annually. The steam for operation of the heat
pumps corresponds to an additional 1,500 TJ annually.
The net annual CO2 reduction has been calculated to 30
50,000 tonnes, as the geothermal heat primarily will replace
heat from the CHP plants.
Combining heat storage with geothermal energy
To get the full benefit of an integrated district heating sys-
tem collecting surplus heat from for instance industries and
waste incineration plants a seasonal heat storage is needed. A
preliminary study has been carried out to show the benefits of
combining such a storage with the present geothermal plant.
DBDH relocates
From September 1st Sthr Johansens Vej 38
the secretariat of DBDH DK-2000 Frederiksberg
moves to a new address: Phone +45 3818 5440
JOURNAL N0. 3/2008
P
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25
The main idea is to store surplus heat in the summer at 200oC
in the geothermal reservoir and recover it at a temperature
range of 195 oC to 75 oC during the rest of the year. 90% of the
heat is anticipated to be recovered. The storage capacity is
approximately 200 TJ. Combining a heat storage with a possi-
ble extended geothermal plant, the capacity may be increased
considerable.
Outlook for geothermal heat in Copenhagen
From the point of geothermal resources and the heat demand
in Copenhagen, preliminary studies show that it is possible to
extent the geothermal plant at the present location to cover
five % of the heat demand. Other locations in the Greater Co-
penhagen Area may also be of interest for a geothermal plant.
However, there is an upper limit for incorporating geothermal
energy in the Copenhagen district heating system due to the
relatively high share of heat from waste incineration in the
system. Incorporation of more geothermal energy in the sys-
tem consequently requires a new way of thinking in relation to
overall energy planning, system integration, tariff structures,
etc. and will probably not be possible without seasonal heat
storage in one way or the other.
In April 2008 a project for development of the heat supply in
Copenhagen commenced. The aim of the project is to ensure a
reasonable development of heat prices and energy efficiency
and at the same time to maintain the high heat supply reliabil-
ity. The project will focus on increasing the share of sustain-
able energy and on reducing the CO2 emissions geothermal
energy will be one element for consideration.
For further information please contact:
VEKS
Att.: Flemming Andersen, Technical Director
Roskildevej 175
DK-2620 Albertlsund
Phone: +45 4366 0366
Fax: +45 4366 0369
fa@veks.dk
new
address
and pho
number
ne
www.dbdh.dk
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DBDH c o - o p e r a t i o n
KOREA DISTRICT HEATING CORP.
By JaeHee Moon, KDHC of Korea
On May 9, the president of the Korean District Heating Corp.
(KDHC), YoungNam Kim and the Danish Ambassador from the
Royal Danish Embassy in Korea, Poul O. G Hoiness, signed a
Memorandum of Understanding between KDHC and DBDH. Ac-
cording to the signed MOU, KDHC and DBDH will collaborate on
research activities, personnel exchange and technical training.
KDHC was established in November 1985 for the purpose of
improving living standards by energy saving and environmen-
tal improvement through efficient performance of the district
heating business.
Throughout the past 23 years, KDHC has made enormous con-
tributions to the national economy through efficient use of en-
ergy and improvement of atmospheric environment. KDHC has
grown up to be one of the worlds largest district heating com-
panies under the customers continuous encouragement. As of
2008, KDHC supplies district heating to one million households
which equals 60% of Korean district heating market.
KDHC intends to become one of the worlds best energy com-
panies supplying district heating and cooling to 1.5 million
households throughout the nation by 2015. In order to achieve
this, KDHC tries to diversify its business into energy fields such
as electricity, renewable energy and global business.
Until now, the main business of KDHC has been district heating.
However electricity will also be one of the main business areas
in the future. KDHC is planning to gradually expand its business
by constructing mid & large scale CHP(100~500MWe) on new
business sites such as Paju, Pangyo, Gwanggyo, etc.
D B D H - 3 0 y ears o f p romoting district heating sol u tions
The Korean government has called for a Green Society. The
declaration matches well with KDHCs policy for renewable en-
ergy, and KDHC has already made a renewable portfolio agree-
ment with the Korean government and has invested a great
amount into the development of renewable energy such as
photovoltaic, solar thermal, wind power, bio energy, etc. District
heating and cooling using landfill gas are very good examples of
KDHCs efforts to be an environmentally-friendly company.
In the future, the global market will be KDHCs main business
area. KDHC has already opened two overseas offices in the
Middle-East and Vietnam. In the Middle-East, KDHC plans to
supply electricity and district cooling in collaboration with Ta-
breed, a cooling supply company in the Middle-East. Moreover
the business of supplying electricity, cooling and steam to the
industrial complex in Vietnam and Cambodia will be promoted.
In March 2008, KDHC started a project in Mongolia. The project
aims to improve the Ulaabaatar citizens living conditions by
renovating the old facilities of the district heating consum-
ers. In addition, KDHC plans to proceed the business in Russia,
Canada, Africa, etc. As a public corporation, KDHC will take so-
cial responsibility to act as a leader in saving energy and work
against climate change.
The environment issues and energy are great concerns now-
adays. In respect of these matters, KDHC will be a leading
company that will solve the arising problems and by supplying
efficient and environmentally-friendly energy, KDHC aims to
become a first class total energy company.
 P
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27

DBDH welcomes new member

Uno Transport A/S was founded by Kim Uno Mogensen in 1999 Today the company employees 9 people in Aarhus, Denmark, and
and specializes in transports to and from the Baltic countries, more than 20 in Lithuania.
Russia, Belarus and many other East European countries. The
company still specializes in this area, and today uses mainly own
trucks and trailers.

Furthermore, the company works with FIEGE International

Freight Forwarders in many countries, especially in the Far East,
such as China, Hong Kong, Taiwan and whole South East Asia.
The company holds its own offices in Mazeikiai and Klaipeda,
Lithuania, which work together with the Danish office, coor-
dinating transports to and from the local markets in Eastern
Europe.
Since the start in 1999, the service areas have been expanded
to include worldwide project transports, e.g. oversized cargo,
heavy lift cargo or complete relocations of factories. Besides
this, Uno Transport is a house forwarder to a number of Danish
manufacturers and take care of all their imports and exports,
no matter whether it is a full or a part load, sent by road, air or
sea - anywhere around the world.
Uno Transport aims to offer the best service, and works closely
with the customers to find the right solution, not only regarding
transports, but also packaging, lashing, warehousing and insur-
ance agreements. The company always optimizes the network of
agents to pay attention to customers cargo abroad, and Uno
Transport staff often travel around the world to look for new
expansion possibilities.
Please contact Uno Transport about prices and services next
time you have a shipment.
For further information please see the website:
www.unotransport.com

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JOURNAL N0. 3/2008 www.dbdh.dk

P
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DBDH m e m b e r
company profile
Green district heating to everyone.
If you want to convert to renewable
energy, district heating is the obvious
choice, according to Jens Ole Hansen,
head of Cowis energy department. He
also sees waste incineration as a huge
potential for the utilization of district
heating. And he thinks that district
heating will be even bigger and that we
will see even more green energy.
We meet Jens Ole Hansen at Cowis
head quarters in Lyngby, a town north
of Copenhagen, which accommodates
1,500 of the total 4,500 staff members.
District heating systems
Cowi is one of the leading specialists re-
garding optimization and rehabilitation
of district heating systems through
introduction of new technologies and
state-of-the-art real time system op-
eration.
The company deals with questions re-
lated to the establishment of district
heating transmission and distribution
pipelines, optimization and extension
of existing networks and renewal and
replacement of worn-out pipeline sys-
tems.
Cowi has a large number of profession-
als at our disposal in relevant specialist
areas, e.g. geotechnology, land survey-
ing, road building and welding technol-
ogy. These professionals are often
involved in the execution of district
heating projects.
COWI
The most modern tools for optimization
and registration of pipeline networks
are of great importance to the opera-
tional phase, where continuous optimi-
zation can be achieved in connection
with changed consumption patterns,
network extensions, etc.
Cowi assists a substantial number of
Danish and foreign supply companies,
either as building consultants, planners
or sparring partners, and has provided
consultancy in Denmark, Italy, Germany
and Central and Eastern Europe and
China. Experience with district heating
systems includes:
Participation in the planning phase
including detailed planning, docu-
mentation and determination of de-
mand
Relations with authorities
Procurement of pipeline systems,
auxilary equipment and optimal op-
erational software solution
Consultancy to the builder of turn-
key projects
Supervision and management
Optimization of operation and main-
tenance of networks and substa-
tions as well as operational param-
eters through SCADA and realtime
hydraulic analyses using TERMIS
software
District cooling
In the centre of Copenhagen, right now
work is taking place so that by 2009 Co-
penhageners will have their own district
cooling network. According to Jens Ole
D B D H - 3 0 y ears o f p romoting district heating sol u tions
Biomass is used to increase
the use of green district heating.
Hansen the biggest Danish cities have
already contacted Cowi with the pur-
pose of having surveys made as to clar-
ify a district cooling prospect, and the
company is already engaged in several
district cooling projects abroad, e.g. in
Oman, where the company for the last
15 years have been very active. Jens Ole
Hansen hopes that in the future we will
see a lot more district cooling in Den-
mark also.
Climate change
Climate issues dominate the global
agenda, and now Cowi has joined the
debate. With a climate strategy that
makes Cowi one of the worlds leading
climate consultants the company has
made a pledge to keep the house clean
and take the climate into consideration
in all of its 5,500 on-going projects.
Most recently, the company just
launched a climate campaign. The cam-
paign links Cowi with climate and,
hence, supports the vision of being
Denmarks leading climate consultant
and the preferred among important
national clients.
Also the companys new consulting
package to the industry Carbon man-
agement is part of the climate strat-
egy. This package helps companies to
develop their own climate strategy. The
package embraces 4 phases, from the
acknowledgement of the climate policy
as a strategic challenge, through sur-
vey of the companys climate influence

to the implementation and marketing.
Cowi staff is of course assisting the
company through all four phases.
District heating:
common denominator
of renewable energy
This summer the Ministry of Energy
launched a new concept called Energy
city. To be an energy city the city has
to be a forerunner in the areas of cli-
mate and energy and it obliges to mak-
ing a strong effort that is future-proof
and ambitious both on a national and
international level. Several cities hope
to become an energy city and Cowi is a
consultant and helps many of the cit-
ies in their endeavors. Jens Ole Hansen
finds it interesting to see how the vari-
ous cities perceive the energy city con-
cept as it actually varies from area to
area. However, district heating is always
part of the plan.
JOURNAL N0. 3/2008
One of the cities is Frederikshavn. Here
the aim is to become a renewable en-
ergy city. That means that by 2015
all heat, electricity and car transport
must be 100% sustainable. Solar heat-
ing, wind turbines and biogas will help
achieve this. In Frederikshavn 9 out of
10 houses are already connected to
the collective district heating network,
which makes it very easy to convert
everyone to a sustainable heat supply.
According to Jens Ole Hansen, Cowi
has a vision of being the biggest en-
ergy consultant in Denmark and abroad.
P
_
29
Carbon management has become a
part of the districy energy business.
That means that the company has a
saying in the way the energy policy will
continue. However, Cowi will not point
at one technology, but instead at a mix
of different technologies. And then we
will work for district heating to become
the ultimate interlinking of different
solutions, like a kind of energy bank.
Jens Ole Hansen, continues. No matter
whether we speak about wind, biomass,
fuel cells or heat pumps, district heat-
ing is a precondition for the best utili-
zation and the quickest expansion with
renewable energy.
www.dbdh.dk
P
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List of members
Aalborg Engineering A/S Phone +45 9631 3950
Supplier of boilers and boiler systems Fax +45 9631 3951 Energi Viborg A/S Phone +45 8929 2929
ae@aalborg-engineering.dk Municipal district heating supply Fax +45 8929 2939
www.aalborg-engineering.com energi@energiviborg.dk
www.energiviborg.dk

ABB A/S Phone +45 4450 4450 Fjernvarme Fyn Phone +45 6547 3000
Monitoring and control for Fax +45 4450 4311 Municipal district heating supply Fax +45 6547 3001
district heating networks abb@dk.abb.com kontakt@fjernvarmefyn.dk
www.abb.com www.fjernvarmefyn.dk

Albertslund Fjernvarme Phone +45 4364 8692 Focus Energy A/S Phone +45 9714 2022
District heating company Fax +45 4364 3888 Biomass-based boiler systems Fax +45 9714 2686
michael.poulsen@albertslund.dk post@focusenergy.dk
www.focusenergy.dk

APV Phone +45 7027 8444 Forsyningen Esbjerg Kommune Phone +45 7614 2414
Plate heat exchangers Fax +45 7632 4110 Municipal district heating supply Fax +45 7614 2511
per.f.hedegaard@invensys.com forsyningen@esbjergkommune.dk
www.apv.invensys.com www.esbjergkommune.dk

Bredahl ApS Phone +45 7555 1250 Frederiksberg Forsyning Phone +45 3818 5100
Steel compensators Fax +45 7555 4140 Municipal district heating supply Fax +45 3818 5199
hensgen@webspeed.dk ff@frb-forsyning.dk
www.frb-forsyning.dk

Broen A/S Phone +45 6471 2095 Grontmij | Carl Bro Phone +45 4348 6060
Ballomax valves Fax +45 6471 2195 Consulting engineers and planners Fax +45 4348 6660
broen@broen.dk cbg@carlbro.dk
www.broen.com www.carlbro.com

Brunata A/S Phone +45 7777 7000 Grundfos A/S Phone +45 8750 1400
Heat cost allocators, heat meters, Fax +45 7777 7001 Submersible pumps, centrifugal Fax +45 8750 1490
water meters and heat and water brunata@brunata.dk pumps and circulators tkynden@grundfos.com
accounting service www.brunata.com www.grundfos.com

BWSC Phone +45 4814 0022 Houe & Olsen A/S Phone +45 9619 5300
Heat & power plant developer, turnkey Fax +45 4814 0150 Consulting engineers specialising in Fax +45 9619 5311
and operation contractor sales@bwsc.dk geothermal energy ho@houe-olsen.dk
www.bwsc.dk www.houe-olsen.dk

Cowi Phone +45 4597 2211 Huhnseal ApS Phone +45 4390 4720
Consulting engineers and planners Fax +45 4597 2212 Mechanical seals Fax +45 4390 4775
cowi@cowi.dk huhnseal@huhnseal.dk
www.cowi.dk www.huhnseal.dk

CTR Phone +45 3818 5777 Hydro-X A/S Phone +45 9828 2111
Metropolitan Copenhagen Fax +45 3818 5799 Boiler water treatment Fax +45 9828 3021
Heating Transmission Company ctr@ctr.dk info@hydro-x.dk
www.ctr.dk www.hydro-x.dk

Dall Energy Phone +45 2987 2222 Kamstrup A/S Phone +45 8993 1000
New Biomass Technologies info@dallenergy.com Supplier of energy meters & automatic Fax +45 8993 1001
www.dallenergy.com meter reading systems for heat, cooling, energi@kamstrup.dk
water and gas www.kamstrup.com

Danfoss A/S Phone +45 7488 2222 Korsr Forsyning A/S Phone +45 5836 2500
Heating controls, metering Fax +45 7449 0949 Municipal district heating supply Fax +45 5836 2501
and pump speed control danfoss@danfoss.com info@korsoerforsyning.dk
www.danfoss.com www.korsoerforsyning.dk

DONG Energy Phone +45 7622 2301 Kbenhavns Energi Phone +45 2795 2750
Fax +45 7622 1980 Copenhagen Energy Fax +45 2795 2012
market@dongenergy.dk ke@ke.dk
www.dongenergy.dk www.ke.dk

DTI
Phone +45 7220 2000 Logstor A/S Phone +45 9966 1000
info@teknologisk.dk Preinsulated transmission Fax +45 9966 1180
www.teknologisk.dk and distribution pipes lr@logstor.com
www.logstor.com

Energi Randers Phone +45 8911 4811 OKR Cleaning ApS Phone +45 8692 4422
Energy company producing and selling Fax +45 8911 4800 Boiler cleaning Fax +45 8692 2919
heat and power energiranders@energiranders.dk okr@email.dk
www.energiranders.dk www.okrcleaning.dk

D B D H - 3 0 y ears o f p romoting district heating sol u tions

 P
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Rambll Phone +45 4598 6000 Uno Transport Phone +45 7020 8011
Consulting engineers and planners Fax +45 4598 6700 Transports Fax +45 7020 8012
ramboll@ramboll.dk uno@unotransport.com
www.ramboll.dk www.unoship.dk

7-Technologies A/S Phone +45 45 900 700 VEKS Phone +45 4366 0366
Quality software for profitable Fax +45 4590 0701 West Copenhagen Heating Fax +45 4366 0369
operation of industriel plants sales@7t.dk Transmission Company veks@veks.dk
and utilities www.7t.dk www.veks.dk

Siemens Flow Instruments A/S Phone +45 7488 5252 Vestforbrnding Phone +45 4485 7000
Flow measurement Fax +45 7488 5250 Power and heat supply based on Fax +45 4485 7001
bent.vestergaard@siemens.com waste incineration vestfor@vestfor.dk
www.siemens.com/flow www.vestfor.dk

TVIS Phone +45 7594 0711 Vestforsyning A/S Phone +45 9612 7319
Heat transmission company tvis@tvis.net Municipal district heating supply Fax +45 9612 7301
of Denmarks triangle area. www.tvis.net ss@vestforsyning.dk
www.vestforsyning.dk

DBDH Phone +45 3818 5440

Secretariat Fax +45 3818 5444
dbdh@dbdh.dk
www.dbdh.dk

download articles from Hot|cool at: www.dbdh.dk

Clean, reliable and affordable heating

CTR Metropolitan Copenhagen Heating Transmission Company

CTR
Sthr Johansens Vej 38
DK 2000 Frederiksberg
Phone +45 3818 5777
Fax +45 3818 5799
ctr@ctr.dk
www.ctr.dk

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 Theres more to LOGSTOR technology
than meets the eye

LOGSTOR district heating

CO2 reductions

pipe systems
One pre-insulated district heating pipe looks much like any other.
Beneath the surface, however, there can be a world of difference
in their insulation, protection and monitoring technologies. These
differences are crucial for energy efficiency.

This is where solutions from LOGSTOR make a major impact,

10 years 20 years 30 years and help you dramatically reduce both the CO2 emissions and
270 tons CO2 680 tons CO2 1145 tons CO2 the operating costs of your district heating operations and the
savings you can make accumulate considerably over a 30-year
As an example, you can achieve major reductions in CO2 service life.
emissions by using LOGSTOR SteelFlex pipe with lambda
23 insulation foam and a diffusion barrier, instead of a
traditional flexible pipe that only provides lambda 26 insulation
If youd like to hear more, weve got all the evidence
performance.
The CO2 savings achievable with 5 kilometres of 28/90 mm
SteelFlex pipe for house entry are shown above.

[ We document the difference ]

LOGSTOR A/S
Danmarksvej 11 DK-9670 Lgstr Denmark
Tel. +45 9966 1000 Fax +45 9966 1180
logstor@logstor.com www.logstor.com