1. Write short notes on any two documents that refer to Valve standards.

The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) is a professional member

organization focused on technical, educational and research issues of the engineering and

technology community. In addition to hosting technical conferences and development

courses, ASME sets internationally recognized industrial and manufacturing standards that

enhance public safety. The subdivision of Pressure Vessels and Piping, established in 1911,

covers the design, fabrication and operation of valves and other pressure-bearing components

and vessels. In addition, the ASME has several other established committees which develop

codes and standards, such as the ASME B31, Code for Pressure Piping. These committees

follow the procedures accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI).

Some examples of valve standards are listed below.

ASME F1020- Standard Specification for Line-Blind Valves for Marine Applications

ASME F1508- Standard Specification for Angle Style, Pressure Relief Valves for Steam, Gas,

and Liquid Services

ASME B16.33 - EN-Manually Operated Metallic Gas Valves for Use in Gas Piping

Systems up to 125 PSI (Sizes NPS 1/2 Through NPS 2)

ASME B16.34 INTERPRETATIONS - EN-Interpretations to B16.34-1996 Valves -

Flanged Threaded and Welding End-Includes Interpretation No. 2

ASME B16.10 INTERPRETATIONS - EN-Interpretations to B16.10-1992 Face-to-Face

and End-to-End Dimensions of Valves-Includes Interpretation No.1

ASTM International, originally known as the American Society for Testing Materials

(ASTM), is the largest voluntary standards development organization in the world.

Throughout 67 volumes in 16 different areas (including test procedures for determining or

verifying characteristics, such as chemical composition, and measuring performance, such as

tensile strength and bending properties), the organization has included standards which cover
refined materials, such as steel, and basic products, such as machinery and fabricated

equipment.

Examples of their valve standards include:

ASTM A961 - Standard Specification for Common Requirements for Steel Flanges,

Forged Fittings, Valves, and Parts for Piping Applications.

ASTM B61-2 - Standard Specification for Steam or Valve Bronze Castings. ASTM

F1030 - Standard Practice for Selection of Valve Operators.

ASTM F1802 - Standard Test Method for Performance Testing of Excess Flow Valves.

ASTM F1793 - Standard Specification for Automatic Shut-Off Valves (Also Known as

Excess Flow Valves, EFV) for Air or Nitrogen Service

The International Standards Organization (ISO) is made up of representatives from

national standards bodies. They are the largest developer of technical and economical

standards which cover a wide range of items. ISO standards are numbered with the format

"ISO nnnnn: yyyy: Title." "nnnnn" is the standard number, "yyyy" is the year published, and

"Title" is the description of the subject.

Examples of ISO valve standards:

ISO 4411: Second Edition 2008 - Hydraulic fluid power, Valves; Determination of

pressure

ISO 5208 2008 - Industrial valves, pressure testing of valves

ISO 5209:1977 - General purpose industrial valves; Marking First Edition

ISO 6264:1998 - Hydraulic fluid power -- Pressure-relief valves - Mounting surfaces