RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research is defined as human activity based on intellectual application in the investigation of

matter. The primary purpose for applied research is discovering, interpreting, and the
development of methods and systems for the advancement of human knowledge on a wide
variety of scientific matters of our world and the universe. Research can use the scientific
method, but need not do so.
Scientific research relies on the application of the scientific method, a harnessing of curiosity.
This research provides scientific information and theories for the explanation of the nature and
the properties of the world around us. It makes practical applications possible. Scientific research
is funded by public authorities, by charitable organisations and by private groups, including
many companies. Scientific research can be subdivided into different classifications according to
their academic and application disciplines.
Research methodology is a way to systematically solve the research problem. The research
methodology in the present study deals with research design, data collection methods, sampling
methods, survey, analysis and interpretations.

APPROACHES TO RESEARCH
Descriptive approach is one of the most popular approaches these days. In this approach, a
problem is described by the researcher by using questionnaire or schedule. This approach
enables a researcher to explore new areas of investigation.

RESEARCH DESIGN
A research design is the arrangement of conditions for collection and analysis of data in a
manner that aims to combine relevance to the research purpose with economy in procedure.
A well structured questionnaire is framed.
Data is collected from the employees in. Karnal Motor PVt. Ltd. Karnal (Maruti)
Findings are made and necessary suggestions and recommendations are given.

DATA SOURCES
 There are two types of data collection namely primary data collection and secondary data
collection.

PRIMARY DATA
The primary data is defined as the data, which is collected for the first time and fresh in nature,
and happen to be original in character through field survey.
Primary data collection, you collect the data yourself using methods such as interviews and
questionnaires. The key point here is that the data you collect is unique to you and your research
and, until you publish, no one else has access to it.
There are many methods of collecting primary data and the main methods include:
questionnaires
interviews
focus group interviews
observation
case-studies
diaries
critical incidents
portfolios.

SECONDARY DATA
The secondary data are those which have already been collected by someone else and have been
passed through statistical process. The secondary data for this study are already available in the
firm's internal records, annual report, broaches, and company's website.
In research, Secondary data is collecting and possibly processing data by people other than the
researcher in question. Common sources of secondary data for social science include censuses,
large surveys, and organizational records . In sociology primary data is data you have collected
yourself and secondary data is data you have gathered from primary sources to create new
research. In terms of historical research, these two terms have different meanings. A primary
source is a book or set of archival records. A secondary source is a summary of a book or set of
records.
Advantages to the secondary data collection method are - 1) it saves time that would otherwise
be spent collecting data, 2) provides a larger database (usually) than what would be possible to
collect on ones own However there are disadvantages to the fact that the researcher cannot
personally check the data so it's reliability may be questioned.

DATA COLLECTION METHOD

The data collection method used in this research is survey method. Here the data are
systematically recorded from the respondents.

RESEARCH TOOL
A structured questionnaire has been prepared to get the relevant information from the
respondents. The questionnaire consists of a variety of questions presented to the respondents for
their despondence. The various types of questions used in this survey are:
Open ended questions
Closed ended questions
Multiple choice questions

SAMPLING-MEANING
Sampling is that part of statistical practice concerned with the selection of individual
observations intended to yield some knowledge about a population of concern, especially for the
purposes of statistical inference. Each observation measures one or more properties (weight,
location, etc.) of an observable entity enumerated to distinguish objects or individuals. Survey
weights often need to be applied to the data to adjust for the sample design. Results from
probability theory and statistical theory are employed to guide practice.
The sampling process comprises several stages:
Defining the population of concern
Specifying a sampling frame, a set of items or events possible to measure
Specifying a sampling method for selecting items or events from the frame
Determining the sample size
Implementing the sampling plan
Sampling and data collecting
 Reviewing the sampling process

SAMPLE UNIT
The employees of Karnal Motor Pvt. Ltd. are the sample unit in the survey.

SAMPLE SIZE
The sample size chosen for this study is 100.

TYPE OF SAMPLING
The sampling type is non-probability which involves deliberating selections of particular
units constituting a sample, which represents the universe.

STRATIFIED SAMPLING:
Stratum means a layer population from which samples are to be selected may
contain a number of layers from each layer a few samples are selected that is why this method is
called stratified sampling.

STATISTICAL METHODS USED

Percentage analysis
Bars & charts
Pie diagrams