Sie sind auf Seite 1von 3

4D1

Chapter 4 Part D: Emission control systems


Contents
Catalytic converter - general information and precautions 3 General information 1
Emission control system components - testing and renewal 2

Degrees of difficulty
Easy, suitable for Fairly easy, suitable Fairly difficult, suitable Difficult, suitable for Very difficult,
novice with little for beginner with for competent DIY experienced DIY suitable for expert DIY
experience some expenence mechanic mechanic or professional

Evaporative emission control converter is fitted, the system is of the


"closed-loop" type; a lambda (oxygen) sensor
1 General information To minimise the escape into the
in the exhaust system provides the fuel
atmosphere of unburned hydrocarbons, an
injection/ignition system ECU with constant
evaporative emissions control system is fitted
Apart from their ability to use unleaded feedback, enabling the ECU to adjust the
to models equipped with a catalytic converter.
petrol, and the various built-in fuel system mixture to provide the best possible
The fuel tank filler cap is sealed, and a
features which help to minimise emissions, all conditions for the converter to operate.
charcoal canister, mounted underneath the
models have at least the crankcase emission- right-hand wing, collects the petrol vapours The lambda sensor has a built-in heating
control system described below. Models with generated in the tank when the car is parked. element, controlled by the ECU through the
a catalytic converter are also fitted with the The canister stores them until they can be lambda sensor relay, to quickly bring the
exhaust and evaporative emission control cleared from the canister (under the control of sensor's tip to an efficient operating
systems (refer to Part B or C of this Chapter the fuel injection/ignition system ECU) via the temperature. The sensor's tip is sensitive to
for further information). purge solenoid valve(s). When the valve is oxygen, and sends the ECU a varying voltage
Crankcase emission control opened, the fuel vapours pass into the inlet depending on the amount of oxygen in the
To reduce the emission of unburned tract, to be burned by the engine during exhaust gases. If the intake air/fuel mixture is
hydrocarbons from the crankcase into the normal combustion. too rich, the exhaust gases are low in oxygen,
atmosphere, the engine is sealed, and the To ensure that the engine runs correctly so the sensor sends a low-voltage signal. The
blow-by gases and oil vapour are drawn from when it is cold and/or idling, and to protect the voltage rises as the mixture weakens and the
the crankcase, through a wire-mesh oil catalytic converter from the effects of an over- amount of oxygen in the exhaust gases rises.
separator, into the inlet tract, to be burned by rich mixture, the ECU does not open the purge Peak conversion efficiency of all major
the engine during normal combustion. control valve(s) until the engine has warmed up pollutants occurs if the intake air/fuel mixture
Under conditions of high manifold and is under load; the valve solenoid is then is maintained at the chemically-correct ratio
depression (idling, deceleration) the gases will modulated on and off, to allow the stored for the complete combustion of petrol - 14.7
be sucked positively out of the crankcase. vapour to pass into the inlet tract. parts (by weight) of air to 1 part of fuel (the
Under conditions of low manifold depression "stoichiometric" ratio). The sensor output
(acceleration, full-throttle running) the gases voltage alters in a large step at this point, the
are forced out of the crankcase by the Exhaust emission control ECU using the signal change as a reference
(relatively) higher crankcase pressure; if the To minimise the amount of pollutants which point, and correcting the intake air/fuel
engine is worn, the raised crankcase pressure escape into the atmosphere, some models are mixture accordingly by altering the fuel
(due to increased blow-by) will cause some of fitted with a catalytic converter in the exhaust injector pulse width (the length of time that the
the flow to return under all manifold conditions. system. On all models where a catalytic injector is open).
4D2 Emission control systems

2.3 Charcoal canister is secured to the 2.5 Peel back the wheel arch liner to gain 2.7a Twin-purge valve arrangement is
right-hand wing valance by two nuts access to the charcoal canister from located in the right-hand rear corner of the
(arrowed) underneath the wing engine compartment -1360 cc model shown
manoeuvre the canister out from underneath content) using an accurately calibrated
2 Emission control system the wing (see illustration). Store or dispose exhaust gas analyser, as described in Chap-
components - of the canister carefully - it may contain fuel ter 1.
testing and renewal vapour. 12 If the CO level at the tailpipe is too high,
6 Refitting is a reverse of the removal the vehicle should be taken to a Citroen
procedure, ensuring that the hoses are dealer so that the complete fuel injection and
Crankcase emission control correctly refitted. ignition systems, including the lambda sensor,
1 The components of this system require no Purge valve(s) - renewal can be thoroughly checked using the special
routine attention, other than to check that the diagnostic equipment.
hose(s) are clear and undamaged at regular 7 Either a single- or a twin-purge valve
13 Once this has been done, any fault must
intervals. arrangement is fitted, depending on model.
lie in the catalytic converter, which should be
The purge valve(s) is/are mounted on the
renewed as described in Part B or C of this
Evaporative emission control right-hand side of the engine compartment
(see illustrations). Chapter (as applicable).
Testing
8 To renew a purge valve, first disconnect the Catalytic converter - renewal
2 If the system is thought to be faulty, battery negative terminal. Depress the
disconnect the hoses from the charcoal 14 Refer to Part B or C of this Chapter (as
retaining clip, and disconnect the wiring applicable).
canister and purge control valve, and check connector from the valve.
that they are clear by blowing through them. If Lambda sensor - renewal
9 Disconnect the hoses from either end of the
the purge control valve(s) or charcoal canister
valve, then release the valve from its retaining Note: The lambda sensor is fragile, and will
are thought to be faulty, they must be
clip and remove it from the engine not work if it is dropped or knocked, if its
renewed.
compartment, noting which way round it is power supply is disrupted, or if any cleaning
Charcoal canister - renewal fitted. materials are used on it.
3 From within the engine compartment, 10 Refitting is a reversal of the removal 15 On 1124 cc and 1360 cc models, the
slacken and remove the two nuts securing the procedure, ensuring that the valve is fitted the lambda sensor is screwed into the top of the
charcoal canister to the right-hand wing correct way round and that the hoses are exhaust front pipe. Trace the wiring back from
valance (see illustration). securely connected. the sensor to the engine compartment
4 Slacken and remove the lower bolt securing junction box (see illustrations). Open the
Exhaust emission control
the right-hand wheel arch liner to the bumper, junction box, then unclip the relay plate and
then prise out the front liner retaining clips. Testing withdraw it from the box, to gain access to the
5 Peel the liner away from the wing to gain 11 The performance of the catalytic sensor wiring connectors. Disconnect both
access to the canister, then disconnect both converter can be checked only by measuring wiring connectors, and withdraw the wiring
upper and lower hoses from the canister and the idle mixture setting (exhaust gas CO from the bottom of the box.

2.7b Single purge valve is located in the front 2.15a On 1124 cc and 1360 cc models, the 2.15b . . . and the wiring connectors
right-hand corner of the engine compartment lambda sensor is screwed into the top of (arrowed) are located inside the junction
- 1998 cc 16-valve model shown the exhaust front pipe . . . box
Emission control systems 4D3
(a) DO NOT use leaded (UK "4-star") petrol in severe cases, the element will overheat.
a car equipped with a catalytic converter - (h) Remember that the catalytic converter
the lead will coat the precious metals, operates at very high temperatures -
reducing their converting efficiency, and hence the heat shields on the car's
will eventually destroy the converter. underbody - and the casing will become
(b) Always keep the ignition and fuel systems hot enough to ignite combustible
well-maintained in accordance with the materials which brush against it. DO NOT,
manufacturer's schedule, as given in therefore, park the car in dry
Chapter 1. In particular, ensure that the air undergrowth, or over long grass or piles
cleaner filter element, the fuel filter (where of dead leaves.
fitted) and the spark plugs are renewed at (i) Remember that the catalytic converter is
the correct interval. If the intake air/fuel FRAGILE - do not strike it with tools
mixture is allowed to become too rich due during servicing work, and take great care
to neglect, unburned fuel will enter the when working on the exhaust system.
2.16 On 1580 cc and larger models, the
catalytic converter, overheating the Ensure that the converter is well clear of
lambda sensor wiring connectors are clipped
element and eventually destroying the any jacks or other lifting gear used to raise
onto the back of the battety/ECU box
converter. the car, and do not drive the car over
16 On 1580 cc and larger-engined models, (c) If the engine develops a misfire, do not rough ground, road humps, etc, in such a
the lambda sensor is screwed into the base of drive the car at all (or at least as little as way as to "ground" the exhaust system.
the exhaust front pipe. Firmly apply the possible) until the fault is cured - the (I) In some cases, particularly when the car
handbrake, then jack up the front of the car misfire will allow unburned fuel to enter is new and/or is used for stop/start
and support it on axle stands. Trace the wiring the converter, which will result in its driving, a sulphurous smell (like that of
back from the lambda sensor to the engine overheating, as noted above. rotten eggs) may be noticed from the
compartment. Release the wiring connectors (d) DO NOT push- or tow-start the car - this exhaust. This is common to many
from the rear of the battery/ECU box, and will soak the catalytic converter in catalytic converter-equipped cars, and
disconnect them from the main wiring loom unburned fuel, causing it to overheat seems to be due to the small amount of
(see illustration).
when the engine does start - see (b) or (c) sulphur found in some petrols reacting
17 Unscrew the sensor from the exhaust above. with hydrogen in the exhaust, to produce
system front pipe, and remove it along with its (e) DO NOT switch off the ignition at high hydrogen sulphide (H2S) gas; while this
sealing washer. engine speeds - ie do not "blip" the gas is toxic, it is not produced in sufficient
18 Refitting is a reverse of the removal throttle immediately before switching off amounts to be a problem. Once the car
procedure, using a new sealing washer. the engine. If the ignition is switched off has covered a few thousand miles, the
Ensure the sensor is securely tightened.
at anything above idle speed, unburned problem should disappear - in the
Check that the wiring is correctly routed, and
fuel will enter the (very hot) catalytic meanwhile, a change of driving style, or of
in no danger of contacting either the exhaust
converter, with the possible risk of its the brand of petrol used, may effect a
system or the engine.
igniting on the element and damaging the solution.
converter. (k) The catalytic converter, used on a well-
3 Catalytic converter - general (f) DO NOT use fuel or engine oil additives - maintained car, should last for between
information and precautions these may contain substances harmful to 50 000 and 100 000 miles - from this
the catalytic converter. point on, the CO level should be carefully
The catalytic converter is a reliable and (g) DO NOT continue to use the car if the checked at all specified service intervals,
simple device, which needs no maintenance engine burns oil to the extent of leaving a to ensure that the converter is still
in itself, but there are some facts of which an visible trail of blue smoke - the unburned operating efficiently. If the converter
owner should be aware, if the converter is to carbon deposits will clog the converter is no longer effective, ft must be
function properly for its full service life. passages, and reduce its efficiency; in renewed.

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen