Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
2)
Business Process
Improvement
Peter J Mellalieu
Preface
i
Feedback on this iBook
This is the first iBook I have written. I have attempted to exploit many of the interac-
tive features of the iBook format. However, to gain the full advantages of these fea-
tures you must view this iBook on an iPad or Mac computer using the iBook app.
For those without access to the iBook version, you may view a .pdf version produced
from the iBook. However, the .pdf version does not present all the features available
in the iBook version.
Known faults
I have attempted to provide hyperlinks to resources that are embedded in the iBook
version. I am aware that upon conversion from the iBook to .pdf some of the links
fail to be converted properly. Its a mystery.
Interactive Preface.1 Email
For those enrolled in the Unitec courses BSNS 6350 and 7350 you will be able to lo- feedback to the author
cate the resources on the course learning management system, Moodle.
I welcome your feedback on your experience of the iBook and pdf versions of the
course handbook. Please send me your PMIs to: peter.me@me.com
PMIs
P: What examples of Positive experiences with the iBook/pdf?
M: What examples of Minus experiences with the iBook/pdf?
I: What examples of Interesting features of the iBook/pdf?
Peter J Mellalieu
ii
CHAPTER 1
Course Handbook
Measure what is measurable, and make
measurable what is not so.
Galileo Galilei
BSNS 6350
Business Process Improvement
3
SECTION 1
Introduction
Figure 1.1 Unitec staff
Overview
Unitec staff are usually happy to discuss with you how to achieve success in your studies and life on campus.
All businesses must satisfy customers and deliver products to This course is explores the principles and techniques to assist
customers efficiently. The manner in which delivery is man- the focus on efficiency improvement. The course continues
aged must match the organisations strategy to ensure busi- from BSNS 5350 Business Process Management dealing with
ness success. Senior management must fully support the strat- the remaining topics of importance introduced in the course
egy and business philosophy adopted. Furthermore, it is nec- textbook Heizer and Render (2014).
essary to coordinate the organisations activities with those
operations of other organisations, such as suppliers and dis- Welcome to Unitec BSNS 6350 Business Process Improve-
tributors. ment.
4
1. Key Staff Key Contacts
Support Centre / Counselling Service, B28 Tel. 815 4321, Ext 7248 or 8160
Sukesh Sukumaran, Head of Department: Management & Marketing
Maia Mori Development Staff, Pukenga B171 Tel. 815 4321 Ext 7093
(DoMM), Tel. 815 4321, Ext 8635, ssukumaran@unitec.ac.nz
Unitec Campus Bookstore, Tel. 815 4321 Ext 7490 or DD 8154390
Dr. Liz Rainsbury Head of Department: Accounting & Finance, Tel. 815 4321,
Ext 8803, erainsbury@unitec.ac.nz Te Puna Ako -Learning Support Centre, Tel. 815 4321 Ext 8611
Andrew Slessor Programme Leader BBus, Tel. 815 4321, Ext 8811. Unitec Library Front Desk, Tel. 815 4185
aslessor@unitec.ac.nz Pacific Centre for Teaching, Learning and Research, Tel. 815 2949
Nadesa Goundar Programme Leader NZDipBus Tel. 815 4321, Ext 7097 Student Loans & Allowances Administrators Jacky Brodie Tel. 815 4321 Ex
ngoundart@unitec.ac.nz 8244
Alastair Emerson Programme Leader Dip Mgt/. GDipBus, Lecturer Depart- USU Students Association at Unitec, www.usu.co.nz
ment of Management & Marketing Tel. 815 4321, Ext 7033.
aemerson@unitec.ac.nz Dr. Peter Mellalieu, Associate Professor, Tel 021 42 0118, +64 9 815 4321 Ext
8108 pmellalieu@unitec.ac.nz, Room Oakridge 054-1012
Jeff Marriott, Programme Leader Mbus, Tel 815 4321, Ext 8131
jmarriott@unitec.ac.nz
Ngaire Molyneux Lecturer/Maori Advisor Tel. 815 4321, Ext 7065,
nmolyneux@unitec.ac.nz
Malama Solomona Lecturer/Pacific Advisor, Tel. 815 4321, Ext 7030
msolomona@unitec.ac.nz, or pacific@unitec.ac.nz Tel 8154321 ext
Manjula Kambalapuram Programme Administrator - BBus, DipMgt/
GDipBus, DipProfAcc, Tel. 815 4321, Ext 8622,
mkambalapuram@gw.unitec.ac.nz
Daniel Mangaraj Programme Administrator MBus Tel 8154321 Ext 8614
dmangaraj@unitec.ac.nz
5
Topics/Content outline:
2. Course descriptor: Manufacturing and services management, mathematical decision making tools, loca-
tion selection, layout improvement, inventory management techniques and models,
Course title Business Process Improvement
scheduling, just-in-time management, queuing theory and application, product life
Course number: BSNS 6350
cycle, greening the business, and product management.
Main programme: Bachelor of Business
Level: 6 Course scope and exclusions: analytical models
Credits 15 The term 'analytical' is used broadly to include the traditional mathematical model-
ling approaches of operations management (queuing, inventory, location, Dis-
Pre-requisites: BSNS 5350 Business Process
Management/APMG 5350 counted Cash Flow (DCF), decision networks, layout, assembly line balancing), and
Business Process Management also 'systems thinking' frameworks, such as 'lean production', kaizen, Just-In-Time,
Co-requisites: None green business operations, product life-cycle analysis, and VSM (Value Stream Map-
Restrictions: APMG 6350 ping).
Compulsory/elective: Compulsory(Management Ops
The scope of the course excludes supply chain management, quality management,
stream)
and project management. These topics are covered in depth in other courses con-
ducted by the Unitec Department of Management.
Learning time:
Lecturer contact hours Non-contact hours Total hours Infographic and video
39 111 150 An infographic and video explaining the course aims and learning outcomes are
available here:
Course aim:
To conduct and communicate the results of Business Process Improvement (BPI ) Mellalieu, P. J. (2013). Introduction to Business Process Improvement at Unitec.
investigations in a manner appropriate for both corporate and small-medium enter- Unitec Institute of Technology. [video] Retrieved from
prise (SME) client contexts. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=03TKlbrmSTA&feature=youtube_gdata_
player
Learning outcomes
Mellalieu, P. J. (2013). Introduction to Business Process Improvement at Unitec [Info-
Identify and apply appropriate analytical models [See below] to optimize the graphic]. Retrieved from
1. productivity, growth, effectiveness, and environmental sustainability of business
processes. https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/49418067/BPI%202013_PUBLIC.pdf
Build, test, evaluate, and apply spreadsheet-based analytical models for undertaking Learning and teaching approaches
2.
BPI investigations. A mixture of in-class discussions, lectures, video clips, class exercises will be util-
ised. Guest lectures will be arranged where possible.
Draw upon and share expertise in operations management in the roles of both
3.
consultant and client.
Develop skills, knowledge, and confidence relevant to applying BPI and operations
4.
management methods to an Industry Based Learning (IBL) project.
6
Interactive 1.1 Course Overview Interactive 1.2 Introduction to Business Process Improvement at
Unitec [Video]
Professional
Technical Pre-Requisites
Related courses
Source: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=03TKlbrmSTA
7
3. Assessment Assessment breakdown and due dates
Week
Id Weight Nature of assessment Component Sub-weight
Learning due
Id Weighting Nature of assessment
outcomes
1 15 Concept tests
A series of concept tests evaluating basic 1, 2
1 15 Practice 1a 2.5 3
principles of BPI and analytical calculations
Peer-rating of team
5 15
contribution
WARNING!!! You are required to submit ALL assignments. Failure to submit an Provisional 5a 5 8
assignment will result in FAILURE of the course. If you fail to resubmit an IN-
COMPLETE assignment, then you will fail the course as a whole. Final 5b 10 13
Follow this link for Semester-Specific dates of classes and assignments, Interactive
1.3
8
Assessment Breakdown
Concept Tests
Team Contribution
15%
20%
Team Project
15%
Spreadsheets
35%
Integrated BPI
15%
These standards are presented on the course e-learning site in these sections:
9
4. Topics, content and reading schedule Week
Topic Reading
Beginning
Week Investigate product life cycle analysis
Topic Reading
Beginning Concept of the product life cycle is
Chapter 5,
discussed
Appraise the decision-making process and Effect of product life cycle on product Ch 5 Sup-
practice for business process management Heizer & plement 5
6 development is evaluated for both
1 Decision criteria (MaxiMax, MaxiMin, Render manufacturing and services
Equal Likelihood, Expected Mean Value) Part 4 Design and operations for Assignment 2a
Decision matrices Module A Assignment 3a
environmental sustainability
Effect on capital planning is evaluated
Introduction to spreadsheet modelling for
operations management Heizer &
Barlow (2006) Appraise the decision-making process and Render
Examine the appropriateness of just-in-time practice for business process management Part 4
and Lean methods for New Zealand (Advanced topics continued from Week 1) Module A
2 Toyota Production Systems Heizer &
Render Decision tree analysis
Principles of JIT Net present value calculations
Chapter 16 Chapter 7
JIT systems and methodology 7 Break-Even analysis for multi products Supplement 7
Kanban systems
Application to NZ is evaluated
Advanced professional practices in Barlow (2006)
Discuss layout decision processes and spreadsheet modelling for operations
practice management (Continued from Week 2) Assignment 4a
Discuss the options and types of Assignment 5a
manufacturing facility layouts Chapter 9 Advanced Technical Report Writing for
3
Demonstrate methods for analysing
operations management
process, product and warehouse Assignment 1a
layouts Investigate inventory management processes
Analyse types and analysis of service
and practice
facility layouts 8-9 Definition and types of inventory Chapter 12
Inventory costs and their origin
Introduction to Technical Report Writing for
Fixed order quantity models
operations management
Fixed period models
Accounting for variation in demand and
Discuss scheduling process and practice for
4-5 both manufacturing and service organisations lead time using statistical analysis
Scheduling of services Chapter 15
Manufacturing systems scheduling
Assembly line balancing
Synchronised manufacturing systems
Job shop scheduling methods
10
Week Interactive 1.3 Semester-Specific dates for assignments
Topic Reading
Beginning
and course activities
11 (Continued)
Additional
resources
Investigate processes and methods unique to Refer to
services management Moodle site
13 Structuring the service system
Service delivery systems are Assignment 1b
investigated Assignment 3b
Assignment 5b
14
Assignment due dates are SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Refer to the Course Moodle site Download available from https://www.dropbox.com/s/
and Interactive 1.3 for semester-specific dates. di3g4aznskze7mr/Semester%20specific%20schedule%20of%20dates
%202014.pdf?dl=0
11
5. Learning resources
Prescribed text
Heizer, J., & Render, B. (2014). Operations Management: Sustainability and Supply
Chain Management [Global Edition] (11th ed.). Pearson Education.
Heizer, J., & Render, B. (2013). Operations Management: [Global eBook Instant Ac-
cess Edition] (11e ed.). Pearson Education.
http://www.pearsoned.co.nz/9780273788195
Recommended texts
Barlow, J. (2006). Excel Models for Business and Operations Management [online e-
book]. John Wiley & Sons.
http://unitec.eblib.com.au/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=241134
Turner, K., Ireland, L., Krenus, B., & Pointon, L. (2011). Essential Academic Skills
(2nd ed.). Melbourne: Oxford University Press.
Manalo, E., Wong-Toi, G. & Bartlett-Trafford, J. (2009). The business of writing: Writ-
ten communication skills for business students (3rd ed.). North Shore, NZ:
Pearson Prentice Hall.
Students are required to access Unitec e-learning Moodle site and the internet for
materials relevant to this course.
12
Online resources Student Learning Support Centre (Te Puna Ako)
Students are required to Te Puna Ako, Learning Support Centre 815 4321 Extn 8611
Building 180, Mt Albert campus
Access the Unitec Learning Management System (LMS) Moodle internet site
for materials and communications relevant to this course. See Moodle Course Monday to Friday, ! ! 8.30am - 4.30pm
BSNS 6350: http://moodle.unitec.ac.nz/course/view.php?id=540 ! ! ! ! Evenings by arrangement
Use http://turnitin.com to submit written components forming parts of all Mt Albert campus
assignments Phone ! ! ! +64 9 815 4321 ext 8611
Use a citation management system such as Endnote or Zotero to manage their
database of reading. See http://www.zotero.org Web address; ! ! http://libguides.unitec.ac.nz/TPA
Use Unitec library - all prescribed texts and reference texts are placed on
course reserve for your emergency use.
Use Unitec Library online databases
Email: ! ! ! library@unitec.ac.nz
13
SECTION 2
General
Figure 1.2 Campus view from Gate 4, Carrington Road
Overview
"The only good is knowledge and the only evil is ignorance." Socrates
14
1. Contact sessions: Studios and conduct
Your learning experience assumes that you will attend class contact studios to clar-
ify assignment requirements and to participate in extending the learning you gain
from the section: Topics and Content Outline: Reading Schedule, Section 4. Accord-
ingly, all studio sessions are compulsory. Email your team and tutor in advance if
you will fail to attend.
Studio sessions will be the primary time discussions will be held about the assess-
ments.
Please ensure that before coming to the studio sessions that you are prepared. Skim
read the relevant chapters prior to the relevant class. Prepare questions and/or case
examples you would like to discuss drawn from recent news events.
Follow up classes by reading fully the chapters indicated in the section: Topics, con-
tent and reading schedule
15
2. Lecture attendance and conduct
16
3. Unitec and BBus policies and procedures Unitecs commitment and expectations of students
Unitec is committed to providing you with:
Unitec guidelines on policies and procedures
Lecturers who are well prepared and organised
Please read the policies specific to the Bachelor of Business in conjunction with the
Display a thorough knowledge of their subject
Unitec publication, Your Guide to Unitecs Rules and Policies.
Good communicators
All students should obtain a free copy of the BBus Student Handbook which in-
Provide you with useful feedback on your performance
cludes information on:
Responsive to your learning needs
Lectures and Conduct
Qualifications that are credible and portable
Academic Dishonesty
A quality education in a climate of continuous improvement
Online Enrolment
Accurate information about your programme
Attendance Policy (International and Domestic)
Assessment that is fair, valid and timely
Assignments (Format, Presentation, Referencing, Submission, Extensions)
The opportunity to evaluate courses and teaching in confidence
Exams (Regulations, Timetables, Special Consideration Applications)
A learning environment that is safe and one that enables you to achieve your
Assessment (Collection of Assessments, Uncollected Assessments, Reconsid- full potential.
eration)
Special Assessment Consideration (SAC)
We expect students to:
Results
These documents are available on Moodle and via Unitecs main site: Be punctual and reliable in attendance
Unitec rules and policies: Be well organised and prepared for each class
http://www.unitec.ac.nz/current-students/support/rules-and-policies/rules-and- Be committed to your own learning
policies_home.cfm
Participate actively in group work and other learning activities associated
BBus Handbook: with their programme.
http://moodle.unitec.ac.nz/mod/resource/view.php?id=194076 Abide by Unitec statutes and regulations
Respect the rights of your fellow students and Unitec staff
Provide useful feedback to courses and teaching to assist us in improving our
programmes and services.
17
4. Course tutor Mihi
Ko Tongariro te maunga
Ko Waikato te awa
Ko Huguenot te iwi
Ko Geering te rangatira
Ko Mellalieu te hap
Ko Pukawa te marae
Ko Boeing te waka
Ko Kaiako Jean-Pierre ahau
About
Associate Professor Peter MELLALIEU teaches innovation, strategic thinking, new
venture development, and sustainable development and at Unitec Institute of Tech-
nology, Auckland.
Peter emigrated from the United Kingdom in the mid-1960s. He grew up in the Wai-
kato, later studying biotechnology, industrial engineering. and management at Mas-
sey University (Manawatu).
Returning to the Manawatu in 1987, Peter commenced his tertiary academic teach-
ing career at Massey University. In 2000, he organised a conference on the theme
Peter J MELLALIEU, PhD, BTech(Hons), MPubPol, CertIwiEnvMgt strategies for sustainability and success in which he engaged thought leader theolo-
gian Sir Lloyd Geering as keynote speaker. This conference lead to his current re-
StrengthsQuest Talents: Strategy. Learner. Ideation. Activation. Intellection. [Input] search interests in education for sustainability, eco-innovation, eco-enterprise, and
eco-magination.
He spends many happy hours walking, sailing, singing, and skiing with family,
friends, and learning partners around Tongariro, Taupo, and Auckland.
18
Contact
Department of Management and Marketing
Faculty of Creative Industries & Business
Unitec Institute of Technology
Carrington Road, Mt Albert, Auckland
LinkedIn:! http://www.linkedin.com/in/petermellalieu
Publications:!http://unitec.academia.edu/PeterMellalieu
Journal:! http://pogus.tumblr.com
Skype:!! myndsurfer
Please ensure your written communications use formal business English. plz dnt uz
txt. That is, please avoid text abbreviation language.
You may attempt to text or phone this lecturer between the hours of 8:00 am and
9:00 pm 24/7.
19
CHAPTER 2
Assignment guidelines
Writing and success
Write. Rewrite. When not writing or
rewriting, read. I know of no shortcuts.
Larry L. King
20
SECTION 1
Written reports
Figure 2.1 Students collaborating to write a report
Overview
21
Assignment requirements Formal Technical Report: Required sequence of sections
Unitec Assignment Cover Sheet
Report your recommendations, analysis and discussion in the format of a For-
mal Technical Report with Executive Summary. See Required Sections below. Report Title Page
State all assumptions and estimates that you use. Table of Contents
List of Illustrations (ie Figures and Tables)
Ensure you show all workings and formulae for calculations. Include examples Abbreviations and Glossary
of your calculations. Acknowledgements
Submit copies of spreadsheets used in your calculations as Appendixes to your
reports. Executive Summary [See Interactive 2.3]
Use additional resources where necessary to aid your discussions.
Submit your report through http://Turnitin.com immediately before class on 1.0 Introduction (what is the purpose of the investigation; overview of report)
the due date. The required Turnitin access codes and due dates are on speci- 2.0 Background (who is the audience/client for the report; where is the investiga-
fied in in the Semester Specific Dates document, Interactive 1.3 tion to be conducted; relevant theory and principles)
Interactive 2.1 shows a typical assessment rubric for a Formal Technical Re- 3.0 Investigation Method (how was/will be the study carried out in practice.)
port. The EXACT rubric for each specific assignment will be detailed in the As-
4.0 Results (Present the data collected. Use appropriate analytical frameworks to
signment Specification for that assignment.
analyse data. Provide examples of calculations
All Formal Reports are required to include an Executive Summary, Interactive
2.3 5.0 Discussion (Discuss the implications of your results in relation to the client
and purpose of the report
Formal writing is required to meet a high professional standard, the require-
ments for which are detailed in Interactive 2.5. 5.0 Conclusions (Summarise the key results and discussion. Present succinct con-
clusions. Note any limitations of the study and areas for future investigation.)
6.0 Recommendations (On the basis of your summary and conclusions, what
actions do you recommend the client/audience should implement?)
References
Appendices
Appendix A
Appendix B
22
Contents of each section of a Formal Report
Interactive 2.1 Assessment rubric for a TYPICAL formal techni- Guidance on completing each section of a Formal Report is explained in detail in
cal report Interactive 2.2:
Mellalieu, P. J. (2014, May 22). Guidance for writing a formal technical report. Inno-
vation & chaos ... in search of optimality. Retrieved from
http://pogus.tumblr.com/post/86483674558/guidance-for-writing-a-formal-techni
cal-report
Turner, K., Ireland, L., Krenus, B., & Pointon, L. (2011). Essential Academic Skills
(2nd ed.). Melbourne: Oxford University Press. Retrieved from
http://books.google.co.nz/books/about/Essential_Academic_Skills.html?id=TRyC
ZwEACAAJ&redir_esc=y
Pagination
Use Roman numerals (i, ii, iii, iv, v x) commencing from the Table of Contents
(page i) through to the Abbreviations section. Use modern numerals (1, 2, 3 100)
commencing from the Executive Summary (Page 1).
This rubric explains precisely where you will earn marks for each
component of a typical formal technical report assignment. Source:
Mellalieu, P. J. (2014, May 27). Source: Assessment Rubric for Operations
Management Investigative Report. Peter Mellalieus GoogleDrive. https://
docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/11s-r-
aOMVW6YHZ9gvFGEMO1iG5LqDtFnkYU0FEawfts/pubhtml
23
Executive summary
Your report must include an Executive Summary. An Executive summary IS NOT
AN INTRODUCTION!!!! It is a self-contained document that includes Purpose,
Overview, Scope, Findings, and Key Recommendations.
Here is a scaffold of an Executive Summary that you may adapt freely (based on
my implementation of Turner et al, Ch. 7, p. 145):
Interactive 2.2 Guidance for writing a formal technical report Overview: This report investigates alternative layouts for a new laboratory
for .
Findings: The principle results found are that Celestial Chocolates . [sum-
marise the main results and findings]
24
Formal written language quality
The quality of your communication is a CRUCIAL requirement for your success in
this course .... and your future career. Feedback from employers and recruitment
consultants informs Unitec that you can DOUBLE your entry-level salary in a man-
agement position through possessing writing and oral communication standards
that enable your work to be presented directly to an employers clients without
hand-holding by your manager.
Interactive 2.3 Guidance for writing an executive summary
Accordingly, for this course you are expected to write in a style suitable for an inter-
national business audience for whom English is a second language. This style of Eng-
lish is termed Global English.
Furthermore, all of your assignment writing is assessed according to the Figure Six-
trait method, Interactive 2.4. The figure specifies the criteria used to assess your
writing quality.
The resources in Interactive 2.5 explain some of the special writing features your
tutor requires: Global English, paragraphing, and word choice, for instance.
Assignments that fail to reach the required minimum standard of writing will be re-
turned for re-writing. You will receive no additional marks if you are required to re-
submit. Get your assignment write first time! Further details are explained in In-
teractive 2.5
25
Interactive 2.4 The six-trait rubric for assessing professional writing Interactive 2.5 Required formal written language quality guidelines
quality
Many written assignments in this course are assessed against the six-trait These guidelines provide resources to ensure you meet the writing requirements
rubric. for this course.
Source: Mellalieu, P. J. (2013, October 3). How can we incentivise our students
Source: Mellalieu, P. J. (2013, July 25). Assessment Rubric for Professional to develop an appropriate professional writing style? My policy and practice.
Language: Six-Trait Method for Evaluating Writing Quality (Ver 1.5) (pdf). Innovation & chaos ... in search of optimality. Retrieved from
Unitec Institute of Technology. Retrieved from https:// http://pogus.tumblr.com/post/62944857816/how-can-we-incentivise-our-
dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/49418067/Six%20trait%20rubric students-to-develop-an
%202013_PUBLIC.pdf
26
Interactive 2.6 How to improve your writing using the six trait rubric
Peter Mellalieu and Mary Lim explain how to improve your writing through
the six aspects that contribute to professional writing quality.
Source: Lim, M., & Mellalieu, P. (2013, November 18). Developing
professional writing using the six trait rubric [video]. Innovation & chaos ... in
search of optimality.
http://pogus.tumblr.com/post/67325245170/developing-professional-writing-
using-the-six
27
SECTION 2
Team Contribution
Figure 2.2 A project team makes its oral presentation
Overview
Overview If your team members rate your contribution highly, then you
could achieve100 per centfor your team contribution. In con-
A proportion of the marks you earn in this course are gained
trast, if you free-load or disrupt the team's achievement, then
from your participation in a team project that delivers several
you may achieve azero markfor your team contribution
outputs. Typically, each team member contributes a different
mark. Furthermore, if your team delivers poor results for in
amount of effort to the team's output depending on their am-
your Team Assignments then you will also achieve a lower
bition, capability, and commitment. Accordingly, this assign-
Team Contribution mark. This topic explains and provides
ment enables you to rate the contribution of each of your
the Team Contribution Calculator spreadsheet that your team
team members relative to their contribution to the team's per-
will use to calculate each team members Team Contribution
formance.
mark.
28
Team peer rating
Factors used to determine the Team Contribution The following items are determined by each team member rating the relative contri-
mark bution of every other team member. Each of the team members rankings are input
Your individual Team Contribution mark is based on these measures and factors: to a spreadsheet your team uses to determines the mark to be allocated for each
team member. The tutor DOES NOT expect to see every team member rated with
OUTPUT ACHIEVEMENT:Your personal on-time delivery of outputs and the same score.
promises made to your team. Quality of output delivered in support of the
Team Project assignment specifications. OUTPUT ACHIEVEMENT
LEADERSHIP AND ENTERPRISE:Actions you take to inspire and direct the LEADERSHIP AND ENTERPRISE,
team's goals, strategies, and plans; your initiative, innovation, creativity, and
TEAM HARMONY AND ENGAGEMENT
enterprise.
INPUT BY TEAM MEMBER
TEAM HARMONY AND ENGAGEMENT:Activities you take to promote ef-
fective team communication, relationship building, positive working climate, You DO NOT need to wait until the tutor has assessed the final report. Once your
member inclusion, involvement; overcoming team conflict, team dysfunction, team has completed all work associated with your Team Assignment, please upload
and team member free-loading. the peer rating component of the spreadsheet to Moodle. The tutor will then add in
the marks for your team assignment outputs to calculate the final contribution for
INPUT BY TEAM MEMBER:Your on-time attendance and contribution to
each team member.
team meetings. Preparation for team meetings. Prompt response to communi-
cations such as messages, emails, phone calls. Anonymity or transparency of rating data
INPUT THROUGH CLASS ATTENDANCE:Your on-time attendance at class, One team member should be delegated to enter each students' ratings into the
as recorded by the course tutor. Typically this includes the first 6 - 8 weeks of spreadsheet. To preserve the anonymity of your ratings, the task of data entry may
the semester up to the point of the submission of your teams project proposal. be delegated to a member of another team.
TEAM RESULTS:The mark determined by the tutor for your teams Team As-
signment outputs. These outputs typically include:
TEAM RESULTS from all assignment outputs generated by the team, such as
grades for:
29
The Team Contribution Calculator spreadsheet
Download the Team Contribution Calculator Excel (TCC) spreadsheethere:
Mellalieu, P. (2013, May 13). Team Contribution Calculator - Release Version 3.3
[Spreadsheet]. Unitec Institute of Technology.
https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/49418067/Team%20Contribution%20v3.3%
20copy.xls
This video demonstrates how the Team Contribution Calculator spreadsheet func-
tions, Interactive 2.7
30
CHAPTER 3
31
Concept tests Some questions haveSEVERALcorrect answers. Full marks for the question are
There are two on-line Concept Tests conducted in this course. The tests ensure you awarded ONLY when ALL CORRECT answers have been supplied for a specific
question.
keep up-to-date with course reading, and develop the skills required to carry out
the other assignments in the course. You will require a calculator to conduct some calculations.
Assessment weighting and due date
The test is open book with a restricted time to complete.
Week
Id Weight Nature of assessment Component Sub-weight
due There is a deliberate delay enforced between each of your attempts on the quiz.
1 15 Concept tests
Attempts allowed: 3.
Practice 1a 2.5 3
Final 1b 12.5 13
The due dates for this semester are specified in the Semester Specific Schedule, Inter-
active 1.3.
The pre-requisite course for this course, particularly the principles of produc-
tivity measurement (Heizer & Render, Chapter 1)
Basic productivity calculations
Basic interpretation of spreadsheets and simple spreadsheet formula
Knowledge of the course handbook and assessment rubrics
The first week of the course: Decision Modeling under conditions of uncer-
tainty and risk.
You have a limited number of attempts at this test. The HIGHEST grade that you
achieve will be awarded to your final grade. However, each attempt reduces the
maximum mark you can gain from the test. Therefore, attempt to gain the highest
mark on your first attempt.
32
Final concept test You are required to sit the test under Final Examination Conditions. Communica-
The Final Test, Assignment 1b, samples your knowledge of: tion with any students via email, Facebook, telepathy, or any other communication
medium will result in your IMMEDIATE course failure and possible exclusion from
All chapters that form the required reading from Heizer & Render the degree programme.
BPI calculations practiced in the class, particularly those used for Assignment
2a and 2b.
Interpretation of spreadsheets and spreadsheet formula
Material presented as part of student and tutor presentations and discussions
Material covered in all Assignments.
You have ONE attempt at this test.The grade that you achieve will be awarded to
your final grade. Multiple attempts are NOT PERMITTED.
Some questions haveSEVERALcorrect answers. Full marks for the question are
awarded ONLY when ALL CORRECT answers have been supplied for a specific
question.
Google Search
Follow a URL to access web resources and download spreadsheets.
Therefore, TAKE CARE you do not loose your test!
Attempts allowed: 1.
33
CHAPTER 4
Assignment 2: Analytics
Spreadsheet risk
In the report into the 2012 JPMorgan
Chase trading loss, a lack of control over
spreadsheets used for critical financial
functions was cited as a factor in the
trading losses of more than six billion
dollars which were reported as a result of
derivatives trading gone bad.
34
APPLIED ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORKS: PART 2A Assignment requirements
35
Assessment Rubric for BSNS 6350 Assignment 2a
Mark
Assignment Topic availabl
e
Organisation Correct application of specified genre: Executive Summary for Q2 and Q4. 1
Word choice The reader can easily understand what you intend. 1 Interactive 4.1 Guidance on best practice for spread-
Fluency Your succinct, lucid construction of sentences helps make your meaning obvious. 1 sheet design
Grammar Minimal copyediting is required to polish your paper for publication. 1
1a Decision alternatives 6
1b Sensitivity analysis 2
1c Recommendations 3
Question 3 /15 Laboratory layout at Celestial Chocolates Source: Mellalieu, P. J. (2013, August 2). Guidance on best
3a Comparison of the two proposed layout alternatives 5 practice for spreadsheet design. Innovation & chaos ... in search
3b Improved third layout 5 of optimality. http://pogus.tumblr.com/post/57098889972/
3c Impact of biscuit chocolate 5 guidance-on-best-practice-for-spreadsheet-design
Question 4 /30 Line balancing of assembly lines at Gizmo Gadgets Production Company
Correct calculations; Input cells clearly identified; Correct units of measurement and 10
precision; Documentation of method and formula
Total 100
36
Question 1: Decision-making under conditions of uncertainty Question 2: Capital budgeting at Happy Lifes Retirement Village: Part I: Dis-
(14 Marks) counted Cash Flow
(25 marks)
Widget Manufacturing Company (WMC) has received a large order for supplying
the latest uPed consumer electronic device. WMC can arrange for the supply of the Given the data below recommend what actions management should undertake in
uPed according to a variety of alternative manufacturing policies, shown in Table each case. Ensure you discuss the implications for the future of the company.
1.1
Happy Life Ltd proposes to establish a new retirement village. However, the com-
a. Given the net returns in Table 1.1 determine which decision would be made pany is unsure how many rooms to construct. Their decision will be based on sev-
under each of the Equally Likely, MaxiMin, MaxiMax, and Expected Mone- eral factors. Two important factors are:
tary Value decision criteria. the state of the economy which influences the number of people that can
b. Sensitivity analysis: For each decision criterion, how would your recom- afford to retire into such complexes, and
mendation alter if the returns in an Optimistic state of economy were re-
the long term cost of capital required to raise funds for the project
duced by 12.0%
c. State and justify which decisions you would recommend to each of the fol- The data estimated by Happy Life is:
lowing types of decision maker:
The capital cost of building a 65 room complex is $25 million
Mrs Maria Grande - Has a large portfolio of diversified investments man-
aged to achieve the best likely economic return. The capital cost of building a 100 room complex is $60 million
Mr Smee Lee - A cautious business owner whose life capital is totally The capital cost of building a 150 room complex is $100 million
invested in this one business.
Happy Life estimates that occupancy rates will be 95%, 75% and 50% de-
d. An economist has offered to advise the company EXACTLY which future pending on an Optimistic, Neutral, or Pessimistic condition of the econ-
state of the economy will occur over the life of the contract. She has offered omy.
to provide this advice for a fee of $8000. Would you accept the economists
offer? If yes why? If not, why not? Economists have agreed (remarkably!) that future condition of the economy
will be Optimistic.
Conduct a Discounted Cash Flow analysis of the project to identify
Table 1.1 Net returns from alternative manufacturing policies for Widget Manufactories Com-
pany
a. The annual operating costs and income for each size of room complex
b. The Payback Period for each size of room complex
State of Economy
Alternatives c. The Net Present Value for each room complex based on the current cost of
Optimistic Neutral Pessimistic capital.
Employ labour NZ$80,000 NZ$70,000 NZ$50,000 d. The Internal Rate of Return (IRR) for each size of room complex
e. The capacity of the retirement village (number of rooms) that should be built
Subcontract labour NZ$120,000 NZ$70,000 NZ$45,000 by the company that maximises the net discounted cash flow for the com-
Lease robot NZ$120,000 NZ$110,000 NZ$55,000 pany over the lifetime of the complex.
Buy robot NZ$130,000 NZ$100,000 NZ$30,000 Ensure you discuss your choice of criteria for making the decision, and all assump-
Subcontract manufacture ? ? ? tions and limitations.
Note
The spreadsheet you develop for this question will be used in Assignment 2 (b).
37
Question 3: Laboratory layout at Celestial Chocolates
(20 marks)
You are the Director of Operations for Celestial Chocolates, owned and managed
by Dr Freda Charlston. Celestial Chocolates (CC) are the inventors, manufacturers,
and distributors of exceptional quality chocolates.
CC is considering several layouts for a new chocolate laboratory used by the recipe Figure 3.1: Number of trips between the various work stations in the
invention and testing department. Your mission is to investigate and recommend the laboratory, trips per day per technologist.
best laboratory layout so that food technologists can devote their time and energy to
product development rather than wasting time walking around the laboratory. Spe- To
cifically, you have been asked to evaluate several laboratory layouts. Based on your
recommendation to Dr Charlston, she will proceed to place a contract for building From Refrig Counter Sink Storage Stove
the chocolate laboratory.
1 2 3 4 5
Figure 3.1 shows the number of trips between the various work stations in a typical Refrig 1 - 12 6 0 0
laboratory based on a work study of the existing laboratory layout. Figures 3.2 and
3.3 show two laboratory layouts under consideration. Counter 2 5 - 4 3 8
2 2 2
3
38
Question 4: Line balancing of assembly lines at Gizmo Gadgets Production
Company Ltd.
(30 marks)
1 2 3 a. Balance the assembly line for Gizmo Gadgets Production Company Ltd.
Draw a sketch of your balanced line. State the minimum number of worksta-
tions required to satisfy the daily production rate. Determine the cycle time.
3
2 1 b. Discuss the idle time resulting from the balanced line arrangement identi-
fied in (a). Is it satisfactory or would you consider some other figure more
desirable? HINT: Discuss the average idle time per unit made, idle time per
5
Stove day, and the overall process efficiency. Identify a superior arrangement.
4 Explain your recommendation.
7 c. If only six workstations were to be used what would the daily production
2 rate be on a re-balanced line?
6 4
d. Discuss the affect on the assembly line if the hours worked per day could
be extended by having 3 hours overtime per day. Would the assembly line
8
Counter have a different workstation arrangement? If so, sketch the new arrange-
ment and discuss its efficiency.
5
39
Table 4.1 Assembly time and precedence chart for Widget Production
Task Assembly time (minutes) Precedence
A 10 -
B 6 A
C 6 B
D 3 B
E 8 A
F 2 C,D
G 7 F
H 14 E
I 5 G,H
J 7 I
K 9 G, J
L 10 K
40
CHAPTER 5
Assignment 3: TPS
Kaizen
Think of how to do it, not why it cannot
be done.
Masaaki Imai (1985)
41
IMPLEMENTING THE TOYOTA PRODUCTION SYSTEM: Evaluation when they help you. You earn earn higher grades for helping your Learn-
ing Cluster members.
LESSONS FROM A PERSONAL EXPERIMENT
A Project-Based Learning Assignment Extra for experts
If you are employed in a workplace, you are invited to suggest to your manager that
Assessment weighting and due date you conduct this assignment investigation as a pilot project in some small aspect of
Sub- Week the companys operations. Special conditions may apply regarding confidentiality,
Id Weight Nature of assessment Component
weight due risk management, and safety. Please discuss your Project Proposal with your course
tutor in advance of your submission of Assignment 3 (a).
Integrated BPI
3 15
approaches Assessment rubric
Your Project Proposal, Part 3a, will be assessed out of 36 marks, using the following
Project Proposal 3a 5 6
sections from the rubric shown in Interactive 2.1.
Final Report 3b 10 13
Your Final Submission, Part 3b, will be assessed against the full 100 marks shown in
The due dates for this semester are specified in the Semester Specific Schedule,Inter- the rubric Interactive 2.1. Consequently, in your Part 3b submission, you have the
active 1.3. opportunity (and requirement) to improve your writing of the components you sub-
mitted for Part 3a.
Significant question
How can we learn to apply the principles of a a comprehensive Business Process Im-
provement framework, such as TPS, to a small-medium enterprise in New Zealand?
Scenario
Assume that in 12 weeks time you intend to graduate successfully from your Unitec
course in BPI. In anticipation of your success, you have gained employment from
mid-December in a medium-sized New Zealand company. The position requires you
to introduce processes for raising the companys productivity through applying sev-
eral principles of BPI.
In preparation for your new position, you have decided to experiment applying the
principles of BPI to the spaces you use as part of your daily life. These spaces in-
clude your study, kitchen, laundry, bathroom, workshop, garage, and/or garden. In
particular, you have chosen to practice and apply the principles of the Toyota Pro-
duction System (TPS).
Your mission
Write a Formal Technical Report that demonstrates comprehensive, documented
evidence that you are competent to lead a programme to improve a small/medium
organisations productivity through applying the principles of the Toyota Produc-
tion System (TPS).
42
Getting started
Project Proposal - Assignment 3 (a)
1. READ the relevant chapters of your text, Heizer & Render, (2013) Ch. 16 JIT,
Lean Operations and the Toyota Production System.
2. Select one or more of living spaces that you utilise as part of your daily life
(For example, study, kitchen, laundry, bathroom, garage, workshop, and/or
garden).
3. Document a BEFORE TPS record of the space(s). Include photographs and
Figure 5.1 Sections required for Part 3a sketches.
4. Document your plan of how you will apply the TPS principles to the space.
COMPONENT MARKS
5. Identify any risks to people, equipment, and the environment that may result
from the implementation of your proposed plan. Identify appropriate risk miti-
Front Matter 0 gation and contingency plans. ie How will you PREVENT identified risks from
occurring? How will you RESPOND if an accident occurs?
6. State your expectations of the benefits that might accrue from applying the
Introduction 10 TPS to the space(s) chosen
7. Establish a daily reflective journal (learning log) to report all events in Part (a)
and Part (b). Prepare your journal to include evidence including performance
Background 10 data, sketches, photographs, reactions from stakeholders and other observers.
8. Identify a specific TARGET company into which you could introduce your
Investigation 10 new-found competencies and report your findings.
9. Report your Project Proposal using the sections detailed in Figure 5.1
References 0 10. Ensure your specified components of your report meet the requirements of the
Assessment Rubric detailed on Turnitin and Interactive 2.1
Appendixes 0
Conduct the investigation - Collect the data for Assignment 3 (b)
Six Trait rubric for writing quality 6 1. Apply the TPS principles for a period of at least four weeks (ideally six weeks)
2. Report a daily reflective journal/learning log of all the above events. Include
evidence, performance data, sketches, photographs, reactions from stakehold-
Total 36 ers and other observers.
3. Draw upon the advice of your Learning Cluster as you conduct and write your
assignment. Your Learning Cluster members earn higher grades for helping
you (and vice versa).
43
Full Formal Technical Report - Assignment 3 (b) continued
1. Report all your findings as a fully-documented Formal Technical Report.
2. Include in your final report a revision of your Project Proposal to specify the
ACTUAL method and results of your investigation.
3. Discuss the advantages, disadvantages, and challenges of applying TPS in a
small-medium New Zealand company.
4. Summarise your findings and present recommendations about how you would
Figure 5.2 Toyota Production System Philosophy
apply TPS into the specific target small-medium company you identified in 3
(a).
5. Appendix: Submit a copy or URL link to your reflective journal/learning log.
Alternatively, include copies of your journal in the Appendix.
6. Ensure your report meets the requirements of the Assessment Rubric detailed
on Turnitin and Interactive 2.1
Source: http://withfriendship.com/user/mithunss/toyota-production-
system.php
44
CHAPTER 6
45
PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT AND PROCESS IMPROVE- ambition for a company that in 1994 manufactured ALL of its product (floor cover-
ings) from virgin fossil-fuel-based resources (plastic polymers).
MENT: LESSONS FROM THE CASE OF INTERFACE AND
X?
A Project-Based Learning Assignment Your mission
Select an exemplary international company that has committed to achieving mini-
mal environmental impacts comparable to those of the company Interface.
Assessment weighting and due date
Week Write and present a technical report that describes how lessons from Interface and
Id Weight Nature of assessment Component Sub-weight your chosen exemplary company could be applied to a specific New Zealand small/
due
medium organisations product (service) development and process improvement.
4 20 Team assignment
Your particular challenge is to demonstrate how win-win outcomes could be gained
Project Proposal 4a 5 7
for both organisational productivity and environmental outcomes targeted to the
Oral/Audio-Video 4b 5 10 context of a small-medium NZ enterprise.
Presentation
Team Project
Final Report 4c 10 12 This is a team project. Your individual grade will be determined from:
The grade achieved by your team for components 4(a), 4(b) and 4(c)
Peer-rating of team The peer rating by your team members of your contribution, as determined by
5 15
contribution the Team Contribution Calculator, components 5 (a) and 5 (b).
Provisional 5a 5 8
Assessment rubric
Final 5b 10 13 Your Project Proposal, Part 4a, will be assessed out of 36 marks, using the sections
of the rubric shown in Figure 6.1.
The due dates for this semester are specified in the Semester Specific Schedule,Inter-
active 1.3. Your Final Submission, Part 4b, will be assessed against the full 100 marks shown in
the rubric Interactive 2.1. Consequently, in your Part 4b submission, you have the
Scenario opportunity (and requirement) to improve your writing of the components you sub-
In six weeks time you will graduate successfully from your Unitec course in BPI. In mitted for Part 4a.
anticipation of your success, you have gained employment from mid-December in a
medium-sized New Zealand company. The position requires you to introduce proc-
esses for raising the companys productivity through applying several principles of
BPI. Your specific focus will be process improvement, product development, and
environmental sustainability.
In preparation for your new position, you have decided to conduct an investigation
to identify lessons for your prospective employment that can be learned from an ex-
emplary global company, including Interface Global
(http://www.interfaceglobal.com/)
46
Getting started
Project Proposal - Assignment 4 (a)
47
Conduct and report the investigation - Assignment 4 (c)
1. COMPARE and CONTRAST the approach taken by Interface and your selected
international company to achieve Mission Zero (or similar)
2. Discuss the advantages, disadvantages and CHALLENGES of applying the ap-
proaches taken by your international company in your TARGET small-
medium New Zealand company.
3. Identify specific SOLUTIONS to the challenges you have identified.
4. Summarise your findings, and present RECOMMENDATIONS to the small-
medium enterprise target you identified in your Project Proposal.
5. Update your Final Report based upon feedback received during the Oral Pres- Interactive 6.1 Interface Flor
entation.
6. Ensure your Final Report meets the requirements of the Assessment Rubric
detailed on Turnitin and Interactive 2.1
7. Complete and submit the Team Contribution Calculator, Interactive 2.7
48
Selected Bibliography
Anderson, R. C. (2009). Confessions of a Radical Industrialist (video). Retrieved
from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M3qFL3kRDDE
Anderson, R. C., & White, R. (2011). Business Lessons from a Radical Industrialist.
St. Martins Griffin.
Langer, E. (2011, August 11). Ray Anderson, greenest CEO in America dies at 77.
The Washington Post. Retrieved from
http://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/ray-anderson-greenest-ceo-in-a
merica-dies-at-77/2011/08/10/gIQAGoTU7I_story.html
49