International Journal of Electronics Communication and Computer Technology (IJECCT)

Volume 3 Issue 1 (January 2013)

Bandwidth Enhancement of Probe Fed Microstrip

Patch Antenna
Parminder Singh
Anjali Chandel Divya Naina
Head, Department of Electronics &
Student, Department of Electronics & Student, Department of Electronics &
Communication,
Communication, Communication,
Dwiet, Kharar, India
Dwiet, Kharar, India Dwiet, Kharar, India

Abstract Microstrip patch antenna becomes very

popular day by day because of its ease of analysis and
fabrication, low cost, light weight, easy to feed and their
attractive radiation characteristics. Although patch
antenna has numerous advantages, it has also some
drawbacks such as restricted bandwidth, and a potential
decrease in radiation pattern. Different techniques for
bandwidth enhancement of conventional rectangular
microstrip antenna are proposed in this paper. By
increasing the height of patch , increasing the substrate
thickness and decreasing the permittivity of substrate the
%bandwidth is increased. HFSS Software is used for the Figure 1. Probe fed microstrip patch antenna
simulation and design calculation of microstrip patch
antenna. The return loss, vswr curve, directivity and gain II. GEOMETRY OF PROBE FED MICROSTRIP PATCH
are evaluated. ANTENNA
A. Geometrical Parameters:
Keywords- Microstrip Patch Antenna, HFSS Software,
Probe Feeding, Bandwidth Enhancement It is useful to model the microstrip antenna as a
transmission line. This model is the simplest of all and it gives
I. INTRODUCTION good physical insight but it is less accurate.
With the drastic demand of wireless communication system Width: In this model the MSA can be represented by two
and their miniaturization, antenna design becomes more slots of width (w) and height (h) separated by transmission
challenging. Recently microstrip patch antennas have been line of length (L). The width of the patch can be calculated
widely used in satellite communications, aerospace, radars, from the following equation .
biomedical applications and reflector feeds because of its
inherent characteristics such as light weight, low profile, low
cost, mechanically robust, compatibility with integrated circuits .
and very versatile in terms of resonant frequency. The patch
antenna model used for the numerical simulation in Ansoft With the substituting the values of c= 3x108 m/s fr =
HFSS is shown below. In this paper the patch antenna is 2.33GHz and h = 1.5mm
designed for 2.55 GHz operation on a substrate with 2.2
permittivity and 0.32mm thickness. To determine the width Width w = 0.03m = 30mm
(W), the microstrip patch antenna calculator was used to Effective dielectric constant: The effective dielectric
provide an initial starting point. The length (L) was chosen to constant (reff ) is less than (r ) because the fringing field
be the same as W to obtain a symmetric radiation pattern. The around the periphery of the patch is not confined to the
patch with the coaxial feeding was simulated in An soft HFSS dielectric speared in the air also.
to adjust W for resonance at 2.55 GHz. Next, the input
impedance of the patch at the edge was determined by placing
a length of 150 transmission line at the edge. Further the
percentage bandwidth is increased by increasing substrate
thickness and by increasing patch height and decreasing
substrate permittivity. With substituting the values r = 2.2, h =1.5mm, w =
30mm.
Effective Dielectric Constant reff = 2.06

ISSN:2249-7838 IJ ECCT | www.ijecct.org 368

International Journal of Electronics Communication and Computer Technology (IJECCT)
Volume 3 Issue 1 (January 2013)

Bandwidth : The bandwidth is the ratio of the upper and

Type of the Antenna Rectangular Patch Antenna
lower frequencies of an operation. According to the bandwidth
can be obtained as:
Rogers RT/duroid5880(tm) with r
Dielectric Constant of the substrate
= 2.2,
Operating frequency 2.33GHZ

Height of the substrate 1.5mm

Feeding method Co-Axial Feed

Gain 5dB-8dB

Polarization Linear
When the ratio fL/fH= 2 the antenna is said to be
broadband. We can judge the antennas performance by
operating the antenna at a high frequency by observing VSWR,
In order to operate in the fundamental TM10 mode, the
when VSWR2 (RL-9.5dB) the antenna is said to have
length of the patch must be slightly less than where is the
performed well.
wavelength in the dielectric medium.
Length: The difference in the length (L ) which is given III. DESIGN PARAMETERS
by: Antenna designed operates on 2.33GHZ frequency and
L= 0.86mm substrate is of Rogers RT/duroid5880(tm) with 2.2 permittivity
and height 1.5mm.
Table1
IV. SIMULATION RESULTS
L= Leff - 2L It can be seen from the return loss curves below that by
increasing the height of patch bandwidth is enhanced by 50-
L=39.37mm 60% ,by decreasing the substrate permittivity the bandwidth is
B. Empirical relations for radiation properties of enhanced by 5-10% and by increasing substrate thickness
probe fed microstrip patch antenna: bandwidth is enhanced by 15-20%.
Return loss curve : This Return Loss is determined in dB
as follows:
RL = -20log || (dB)

Figure 2. Return loss curve for designed antenna

Gain and directivity: The expression for the maximum

gain of an antenna is as follows:
G=xD
The efficiency of the antenna
D Directivity
Voltage standing wave ratio : is given as

As the reflection coefficient ranges from 0 to 1, the VSWR Figure 3. Return loss curve by increasing height of patch
ranges from 1 to .

ISSN:2249-7838 IJ ECCT | www.ijecct.org 369

International Journal of Electronics Communication and Computer Technology (IJECCT)
Volume 3 Issue 1 (January 2013)

Figure 4. return loss curve by decreasing the substrate permitivity Figure 9. VSWR cURVE BY INCREASING SUBSTRATE THICKNESS

Directivity for designed antenna and respective techniques

are shown below:

Figure 5. Return loss curve by increasing thickness of substrate

VSWR Curve for designed antenna and respective

Figure 10. directivity for designed antenna
techniques are shown below:

Figure 6. VSWR curve for designed antenna

Figure 11. directivity by increasing height of patch

Figure 7. VSWR curve by incresing height of patch

Figure 12. directivity by decreased substrate permitivity

Figure 8. VSWR curve by decreasing the permitivity

Figure 13. directivity by increasing thickness of substrate

ISSN:2249-7838 IJ ECCT | www.ijecct.org 370

International Journal of Electronics Communication and Computer Technology (IJECCT)
Volume 3 Issue 1 (January 2013)
V. CONCLUSION
In this paper the probe fed rectangular patch antenna has
been designed. As it had a restricted and a narrow bandwidth,
we applied three techniques to enhance its bandwidth i.e by
increasing substrate thickness, by increasing patch height and
by decreasing substrate permittivity.
REFERENCES
[1] H. E. King and J. L. Wong, "Helical Antennas," Chapter 13 of
Antenna E 1. A. Shackelford. K.F. Lee, D. Chatterjee. Y.X.
Guo, K.M. Luk, and R. Chair, Small size wide bandwidth
microstrip patch antennas, IEEE AP-S Int Symp, Boston,
Massachusetts, 2001, 86-89.
[2] M. Clent and L. Shafai, Wideband single layer microstrip antenna
for may applications, Electron Lctt 35 (1999), 1292-1293.
[3] J. George, C.K. Aanandan, P. Mohanan. K.G. Nair, H.
Sreemoolanathan, and M .T. Sebastian, Dielectric resonator loaded
microstrip antenna for enhanced impedance bandwidth and
efficiency, Microwave Opt Technol Lett 17 (1998), 205-207.
[4] P.V. Bijumon, P. Mohanan, and M.T. Sebastian, Synthesis,
characterization and properties of Ca.,A2 6012 (A = Nb, Ta)
ceramic dielectric materials for applications in microwave
telecommunication systems, .
[5] Ramesh, G., B. Prakash, B. Inder, and I. Apisak, Microstrip
Antenna Design Handbook, Artech House, Inc, USA, 2001.
[6] Yoharaaj, D., R. S. Azmir, and A. Ismail, \A new approach for
bandwidth enhancement technique in microstrip antenna for
wireless applications," International RF and Microwave
Conference, RFM06, Putrajaya, Malaysia, 12{14 September 2006.
ISSN:2249-7838
[7] Nirun, K., N. Chalermpol, and T. Taspong, \Parametric study of
the rectangular microstrip antenna with an air gap," R&D Journal,
Vol. 24, No. 2, King Mongkut's University of Tech-nology
Thonburi, 131-142, Bangkok, May{August 2001.
[8] Jackson, D. R. and N. Alexopoulos, \Simple approximate formulas
for input resistance, band-width and eciency of a resonant
rectangular patch," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and
Propagation, Vol. 39, 409, March 1991.
[9] Balanis, C. A., Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design, John Wiley
& Sons, Inc, USA, 2005.
[10] Jing Liang, and Hung-Yu David Yang,Radiation
Characteristics of a Microstrip Patch over an Electromagnetic
Bandgap Surface, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and
Propagation, Vol. 55, June 2007, pp1691-1697.
[11] Mohammad Tariqul Islam, Mohammed Nazmus Shakib,
Norbahiah Misran, and Baharudin Yatim, Analysis of Broadband
Slotted Microstrip Patch Antenna, Proceedings of the
International Conference on Computer and Information
Technology, December 2008, pp. 758-761.
[12] K.L. Wong, Compact and Broadband Microstrip Antennas.
New York: Wiley, 2002.
[13] Substrates, IEE Proc. Micro. Antennas Propagation, Vol.153,
December 2006, pp.558-563.
[14] Electromagnetics and Communications, 2007.
[15] Ramon Gonzalo, Peter de Maagt, and Mario Sorolla, Enhanced
Patch-Antenna Performance by Suppressing Surface Waves Using
Photonic-Bandgap Substrates, IEEE Transactions New York,
1981.
[16] A. W. Rudge, K. Milne, A. D. Olver, P. Knight, The Handbook of
Antenna Design: Volume I, Peter Peregrinus Ltd.: London, 1982.
IJ ECCT | www.ijecct.org 371