Reference

Dimentional Properties

Soil Cover ,
Safe Bearing Pressure
Section Thickness

Cover to R/F
Grade of Concrete
Properties of Soil

1- Permanent Loads
1.1 Dead Loads
The nominal dead doad consist of the weight of the
part of the structure
Structural Unit Weight of Concrete shall be taken as 24 kN/m
Engineering Becouse of the arching of soil, check whether the depth above cul
Design in > 3 x width of culvert ( in which case limit depth to 3 x width )
preactice
(Roger - Depth of cover (H)
westbrook)
(page-94)

Depth limited to

Surcharge on Roof
 Surcharge Presure (qr)

Soil
Engineering Casses of conduit installation consider as Ditch Condu
(Spangler & Ditch Conduit
Handy) A ditch conduit is defined as one which is instaled in a relat
ditch dug in passive or undisturbed soil and wich is then covered
backfill.

Ce
Dam Safety
C E B Environmental &
Civil Structure Maintanance
Reference

Maximum load on ditch condition

Depth of cover

Surcharge on Roof
Surcharge Presure (qr)
(qr)

Cd

'

'

K
Bd

H

Cd

So, K

'
 2.K.'.(H/Bd)
Cd

(qr)
(qr)

Structural 1.2 Horizontal Earth Pressure

Engineering
Design in If the backfill properties are known,
preactice If wall friction is to be ignored
(Roger -
westbrook) K0
(page-94) Ka

Ce
Dam Safety
C E B Environmental &
Civil Structure Maintanance
Reference

AASHTO 2- Vertical Live Loads

3.7.1
For Fill Depths H 8 feet (2400 mm) and Culvert Clear Span Len
The effect of live load is neglected in design when the depth of fill
8 feet

3- Hydrostatic Pressure (Internal)

 4- Analysis
Reinforced
Concrete Constant K
Designers
Manual
(ref-5.1)

4.1 Load Case -01 Testing Condition

4.1.1 Hydrostatic Pressure-(Internal)

Reinforced A B

Concrete
qip
Designers
Manual
D C
(ref-5.1) q = qip
Pressures B.M.D

4.1.2 Flexure due to weight of wall

Wall weight ( G )

Reinforced
A B
Concrete
Designers
G G
Manual
(ref-5.1) D C
q1
Pressures B.M.D

4.1.3 Flexure due to weight of Roof

 Dam Safety
C E B Environmental &
Civil Structure Maintanance
Reference

A B

D C
q = q1
Pressures B.M.D

Addition of moment for Load case 01

Position Hydrost-atic

A and B 1.72

C and D 2.04

Roof mid-Span 1.72

Base mid-Span 2.04

*
Walls middle
-7.01

Fixed end mement of the wall for Hydrostatic load

MA

Maximum (-ve) moment

(Where x is 0.45L from C)

* Calculation of moment at mid span of walls done by aproximatly b

moment transferred to mid span from FEM to the Maximum negat
occurred at 0.45L after moment distribution

** Moment at mid span of the wall is calculated by considering full be

Calculation of midspan moment due to wall load

Niutral axis depth from A

4.2 Load Case -02 Culvert empty and trench filled

 Lateral soil pressurees giving rise to flexture in
"q"is the rectanguler pressure and "qep" is the

4.2.1 Trianguler Pressure,qep

Reinforced
Concrete A B

Designers
Manual
(ref-5.1) qep qep D C

Pressures B.M.D

Dam Safety
C E B Environmental &
Civil Structure Maintanance
Reference

4.2.2 Surcharge on walls,q

MA
Reinforced
Concrete
Designers
Manual 4.2.3 Surcharge on Roof ,qr
(ref-5.1) MA =

Addition of moment for Load Case 2

Posotion

A and B

C and D

Roof mid-Span

Base mid-Span

Walls middle
 Fixed end mement of the wall due to qep

MA

Maximum (-ve) moment

(Where x is 0.45L from C)

4.2 Load Case -03

4.2.1 This is load case 02 + Hydrostat

Posotion

A and B

C and D

Roof mid-Span

Base mid-Span

Walls middle

Dam Safety
C E B Environmental &
Civil Structure Maintanance
Reference

5- Check on ground safe bearing pressure

5.1 Load Case -01

Hydrostatic Pressure
Weight of walls
Weight of Roof + Floor
Total Pressure
Total Pressure
 5.2 Load Case -02

Weight of walls
Weight of Roof + Floor
Surcharge on Roof
Total Pressure
Total Pressure

5.3 Load Case -03

Weight of walls
Weight of Roof + Floor
Surcharge on Roof
Hydrostatic Pressure
Total Pressure
Total Pressure

6- U.L.S. of Flexture
Maximum Moments kN.m/m

i- Slabs
Maximum Moment
 Dam Safety
C E B Environmental &
Civil Structure Maintanance
Reference

6- Design Calculation for Box Cu

6.1 U.L.S. of Flexture

Analysis was carried out for several load cases of various loading
arrangements to find out the maximum effect on the Box culvert

Diameter of main reinforcement

Diameter of secondary reinforcement
Section Thickness

Maximum Bending Moment

Assume severe environment condition, for driving rain

Cover

Effective depth, d

M = (0.87fy)Asz

z = (1 - 1.1fyAs/ fcubd) d

6.1.1 Design of main reinforcement

 Minimum area of main rainforcement for slabs

6.2 Design for Shear Reinforcement

Check shear in U.L.S. on roof and floor slabs

Take Load case 02
Shear across support

Therefore shear in the support

Dam Safety
C E B Environmental &
Civil Structure Maintanance
Reference

Design shear force, V design

Effective depth, d
Tension steel across shear plane

BS 8110 Effective depth

Part 01
table 3.1

Design shear stress

6.3 Check in U.L.S. on the ability of th

Bs 8110 Treat as a column with bending at right angle to wall
3.9.3.6.2
3.4.4.1

BS 8110 indicates that the effect of the axial load may be ignored
not exceed 0.1.fcu.(c.s.a.)
hence

Ultimate Load /m/Wall

The above calculation assumes that the wall is cosidered as reign

mass concrete
vertical R/F provided

Percentage of Concrete area

Dam Safety
C E B Environmental &
Civil Structure Maintanance
Reference
 Calculation

Design of Box C

Ground Level

X
hs
A B
H

hw
hw h
Y
l

D hs
C

Figure 01

h = 4.65
l = 2.1
H = 3
= 150
= 0.3
Main R/F = 10
= 40
= 35

c = 24
s = 18
w = 10
' = 5

d doad consist of the weight of the materials and the

oncrete shall be taken as 24 kN/m3

heck whether the depth above culvert is
case limit depth to 3 x width )

3x width

3x width
urcharge Presure (qr)
qr

ion consider as Ditch Conduit

one which is instaled in a relatively narrow

bed soil and wich is then covered with earth

Ceylon Electricity Board

Calculation

,
= Cd..Bd2
1-e-2K'(H/Bd)
=
2.K.'
= tan '

= 1-sin
1+sin

- coedicient of friction between fill material

and side of ditch
- Active Lateral earth pressure coeficient
- Horizontal width of ditch at top of conduit
- Unit weight (wet density) of filling material
- Height of fill above top of conduite

- Load coeficient for ditch condition

= 1-sin Bd
1+sin
= 0.840
= tan '
 = 0.087
= 0.12
= 0.784

= Cd..Bd2
= 50.8 kN/m2

the backfill properties are known,

wall friction is to be ignored

= 1-sin '
= ( 1-sin ' ) / ( 1+sin ' )

q max

qep

q
q

Ceylon Electricity Board

Calculation

mm) and Culvert Clear Span Length,

ed in design when the depth of fill is more than

ssure (Internal)

q ip
 = h
l
{ hs
hw
} 3

k1
k3
k5
k7
k8

oad Case -01 Testing Condition

ydrostatic Pressure-(Internal)

exure due to weight of wall

= hw..h
= 17.3 kN/m

weight of Roof
q
 Calculation

B.M.D

Hydrost-atic f uls- Mb Walls

1.72 1.4 2.41 1.26

2.04 1.4 2.86 -10.31

1.72 1.4 2.41 1.26

**
2.04 1.4 2.86
9.85
*
1.4 -9.81 -4.53
-7.01
Table - 01
nt of the wall for Hydrostatic load

= W.L
15
= 4.608 kN.m/m

pan of walls done by aproximatly by adding

from FEM to the Maximum negative meoment

is calculated by considering full bending

due to wall load

= 0.54

Culvert empty and trench filled

ssurees giving rise to flexture in the structure
guler pressure and "qep" is the triangular pressure

rianguler Pressure,qep

B.M.D

Calculation

urcharge on walls,q
= MB = MC = MD
= q.h .K
2

12.k1
= -7.1066319369 kN.m/m
urcharge on Roof ,qr
MB = MC = MD
= q.l 2

12.k1
= -69.89 kN.m/m

qep q Walls & Roof(LC-1)

-2.93 -7.11 -8.64

-3.47 -7.11 -20.21

-2.93 -7.11 13.41

-3.47 -7.11 22.00

* **
-14.43
7.28 25.54
 = W.L
15
= 7.8350617104 kN.m/m

oad Case -03

his is load case 02 + Hydrostatic load from Load case 01

L.C.02 (Service) Hydrost. (Service) Total (Service

-88.57 1.72 -86.84

-100.68 2.04 -98.64

89.15 1.72 90.88

97.20 2.04 99.24

-51.50 -7.01 -58.51

Calculation

d safe bearing pressure

oad Case -01

otal Pressure < 150 kN/m2

oad Case -02

otal Pressure < 150 kN/m2

oad Case -03

otal Pressure < 150 kN/m2

Member Hogging
Roof -123.99
Walls -140.95
Base -140.95
 Calculation

esign Calculation for Box Culvert

.L.S. of Flexture
eral load cases of various loading
ximum effect on the Box culvert

ndition, for driving rain

= 300 -
= 255 mm
k = M / (bd2fcu)
= (24.15x106 /(1000x1492x25)
= 0.015
Hence no compression r/f is required

equation 1
- 1.1fyAs/ fcubd) d equation 5

z = d (0.5+(0.25-k/0.9)1/2
z = d [0.5+(0.25-0.044/0.9)1/2
= 250.72

Take Z as 0.95d
Z = 0.95 d
= 0.95 x

esign of main reinforcement

As = M / 0.87fyz
= 24.15 x106 / 0.87x460x142
= 249
 Use T 10 @

f main rainforcement for slabs

100As / bad = 100x452/(1000x149)

Hence o.k

esign for Shear Reinforcement

U.L.S. on roof and floor slabs

hear in the support

Calculation

100 As/bd

vc

heck in U.L.S. on the ability of the wall to trasmit the axial loads
at right angle to wall
Check h/hw

of the axial load may be ignored if this force does

0.1.fcu.(C.S.A)

that the wall is cosidered as reignfoced and not

so Area

This is < Minimum of 0.4%

Calculation
 Calculation

Design of Box Culvert

4.65 m
2.1 m
3 m
150 kN/m2
0.3 m ( hw , h = span/(10 ~15))
10 mm
40 mm
35 N/mm2

24 kN/m3
18 kN/m3
10 kN/m3
5o

= 3 m
= 3 x 5.25
= 15.75 m
> = 3 m So
= 3 m
 = 3 x 18
= 54 kN/m2

Doc. No.
Designed
Checked
Job Code
Calculation

= 3 m

= 3.60 m, Consider 1m length of Roof slab

 ( = 0 )

= 0.9128442573
= 0.8396628205

= .Ka.h
= 18 x 0.8396628205
= 86.1494053809 kN/m2

= 18 x 0.8396628205
= 40.81 kN/m2

= qmax - qep
= 45.34 kN/m2

Doc. No.
Designed
Checked
Job Code
Calculation

= C.h
= 10 x 2.4
= 24.00 kN/m2
= 0.48

= K+1
= K+3
= 2K+3
= 2K+7
= 3K+8
= 1.48
= 3.48
= 3.97
= 7.97
= 9.45

MA = MB = qip.h2.K.k7
60.k1.k3
= 1.7205380657

MC = MD = Ma. K8

= 2.0410945874

q1 = 2.G
l.hw

MA = MB = q1.l2.K
12.k1.k3
= 1.26

MC = MD = Ma. K5

= -10.31

= hs.c = 7.2

Doc. No.
 Designed
Checked
Job Code
Calculation

MA = MB = MC

= q.l2
12.k1
= -9.90 kN.m/m

Walls Roof Walls + Roof f

1.26 -9.90 -8.64 1.4

-10.31 -9.90 -20.21 1.4

**
1.26 13.41 1.4
12.15
** **
22.00 1.4
9.85 12.15

-4.53 -9.90 -14.43 1.4

MC = W.L
10
= 6.912 kN.m/m

= W.L
23.3
= -3.0 kN.m/m

0.54 m
 MA = MB = qep.h2.K.k7
60.k1.k3
= -2.93

MC = MD = MA. K8

= -3.47

Doc. No.
Designed
Checked
Job Code
Calculation

A B

MD

D C
Pressures B.M.D

A B

D C
Pressures B.M.D

lls & Roof(LC-1) Surcharg -e (Roof) Total (Survice) f

-8.64 -69.89 -88.57 1.4

-20.21 -69.89 -100.68 1.4

13.41 85.78 89.15 1.4

22.00 85.78 97.20 1.4

-14.43 -69.89 -51.50 1.4

MC = W.L
10
= 11.7525925656 kN.m/m

= W.L
23.3
= -5.0 kN.m/m

Total (Service) L.C.02 (U.L.S.) Hydrost. (U.L.S.)

-86.84 -123.99 2.41

-98.64 -140.95 2.86

90.88 124.82 2.41

99.24 136.08 2.86

-58.51 -72.11 -9.81

Doc. No.
Designed
Checked
Job Code
Calculation

= 24.00 kN/m2
= 6.58 kN/m2
= 14.40 kN/m2
= 44.98 kN/m2
hence ok
 = 6.58 kN/m2
= 14.40 kN/m2
= 54.00 kN/m2
= 74.98 kN/m2
hence ok

= 6.58 kN/m2
= 14.40 kN/m2
= 54.00 kN/m2
= 24.00 kN/m2
= 92.40 kN/m2
hence ok

Hogging Sagging
-123.99 (L.C-01) 127.23 (L.C-03)
-140.95 (L.C-02) -72.11 (L.C-02)
-140.95 (L.C-02) 138.94 (L.C-03)

= 24.15 kN.m/m
 Doc. No.
Designed
Checked
Job Code
Calculation

= 10 mm
= 10 mm
= 300 mm

= 24.15 kN.m/m

= 40 mm

40 - 5
m
2

< 0.156

from these two equations

> 0.950 d

255 = 242 mm

249 mm2/m
 200 ( As = 393

= ( 74.98 - Wt of Base x f )
= 64.9028571429 kN/m2

= 64.9028571429 x 1.2 /2
= 38.94 kN/m

Doc. No.
Designed
Checked
Job Code
Calculation

= 38.94 kN/m
= 255 mm
= Y12 -250 c/c

= 100 x 452
1000x149
= 0.15

= 255 mm
= 0.79x{(100As/bd) (400/d) /1.25
1/3. 1/4

= 0.3791143873

= V/bd
= (65.45x103)/(1000x149)
= 0.15 N/mm2
< vc Hence o.k
= 2.4 / 0.3
= 8 < 12
hence column is short

= 0.1 x 30 x 300
= 900 kN/m
= 1/2( 54.0 x 2.4
+ 0.3 x 2.4
= 103 kN/m < 900
hence o.k.

= Y 10 @ 200
= 785.4 mm2

= 785.4 x 100
1000 x 255
= 0.3079992798 % < 0.4 %
hence o.k.

Doc. No.
Designed
Checked
Job Code
Calculation
 Output

pan/(10 ~15))
S.M.P Date
Date
Page
Output
x 5.7

x 2.7

S.M.P Date
Date
Page
Output
 1.48
3.48
3.97
7.97
9.45

60.k1.k3
1.7205380657 kN.m/m

k7
2.0410945874 kN.m/m

= 6.58 kN/m2

1.26 kN.m/m

K
-10.31 kN.m/m

kN/m2
 S.M.P Date
Date
Page
Output

MC = MD

f uls-Mb Total uls

1.4 -12.098173512 -9.69

1.4 -28.2979481207 -25.44

1.4 18.77 21.18

1.4 30.80 33.66

1.4 -20.1980608163 -30.01

 60.k1.k3
-2.93 kN.m/m

k7
-3.47 kN.m/m

S.M.P Date
Date
Page
Output

f Total U.L.S.

1.4 -123.99

1.4 -140.95

1.4 124.82

1.4 136.08

1.4 -72.11
Hydrost. (U.L.S.) Total (U.L.S.)

2.41 -121.58

2.86 -138.10

2.41 127.23

2.86 138.94

-9.81 -81.91

S.M.P Date
Date
Page
Output
ng
(L.C-03)
(L.C-02)
(L.C-03)
S.M.P Date
Date
Page
Output

d =

As req
249
 mm2/m As pro
393

0.15 Err:504 0.13 Main r/f

T 10

S.M.P Date
Date
Page
Output
300

x 1.4
2.4 x 24x1.4 )
kN/m

2 Layers

S.M.P Date
Date
Page
Output
Output
 31.05.2010

1
Output
 31.05.2010

1
Output
 31.05.2010

2
Output
 31.05.2010

3
Output
 31.05.2010

4
Output
 31.05.2010

5
Output

255 mm

=
249 mm2/m
 =
393 mm2/m

10 @ 200

31.05.2010

6
Output
 31.05.2010

7
Output