Remeshs Mathematics [2.

INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS]

INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

1
A function f : A B is invertible if and only if it is a bijective. If y f ( x) x f y , is known
as x is equal to f inverse y.
1
There are six inverse functions viz. sin x,cos1 x,tan 1 x,cos ec1x, sec1 x and cot 1 x.

Principal value of an Inverse function

The ranges of the inverse trigonometric functions are called principal values of the inverse function. The

principal value of sin 1 x , tan 1 x and cosec1x are the angles that lie between and and the principal value
2 2
of cos1 x , sec1 x and cot 1 x are the angles that lie between 0 and .

Domain and Range of Inverse T-functions

Function Domain Range

sin 1 x 1, 1
2 , 2

cos1 x 1, 1 0,

tan 1 x , or R
,
2 2

cosec 1x x 1 or x 1
2 , 2 0

sec1 x x 1 or x 1
0, 2

cot 1 x , or R 0,

Properties of Inverse T-functions

If sin 1 x sin x , where 1 x 1 and
2 2
11

For example, if sin 11 sin 1 sin sin
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2 2

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Remeshs Mathematics [2. INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS]

Property 1:

1. sin 1 sin x sin sin 1 x x

2. cos 1 cos x cos cos 1 x x

3. tan 1 tan x tan tan 1 x x

4. cosec1 cos ecx cos ec cos ec 1x x

5. sec1 s ecx s ec s ec 1x x

6. cot 1 cot x cot cot 1 x x

Property 2:

1
1. sin 1 x cos ec 1 , x 1
x
1
2. cos 1 x s ec 1 , x 1
x
1
3. tan 1 x cot 1 , x R
x
1
4. cos ec 1x sin 1 , x 1
x
1
5. sec 1 x cos 1 , x 1
x
1
6. cot 1 x tan 1 , x 0
x
1 1
tan , x 0
x
7. cot 1 x
tan 1 1 , x0
x

Property 3:

1. sin 1 x cos1 x , x 1 or x [1, 1]
2

2. tan1 x cot 1 x , x R
2

3. cos ec 1 x sec 1 x , x 1 or x R 1, 1
2
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Property 4:

1. sin 1 x sin 1 y sin 1 x 1 y 2 y 1 x 2 , if 1 x, y 1 and x 2 y 2 1

2. sin 1 x sin 1 y sin 1 x 1 y 2 y 1 x 2 , if 1 x, y 1 and x 2 y 2 1

3. cos1 x cos1 y cos1 xy 1 x 2 1 y 2 , if 1 x, y 1 and x y 0

4. cos1 x cos1 y cos1 xy 1 x 2 1 y 2 , if 1 x, y 1 and y x 0

1 x y
tan if x 0, y 0 and xy 1
1 xy
x y
5. tan1 x tan1 y tan1 if x 0, y 0 and xy 1
1 xy
1 x y
tan if x 0, y 0 and xy 1
1 xy
1 x y
tan if x 0, y 0 and xy 1
1 xy
x y
6. tan1 x tan1 y tan1 if x 0, y 0 and xy 1
1 xy
1 x y
tan if x 0, y 0 and xy 1
1 xy

Property 5: (Conversion formulae)

2x
sin 1 2 tan1 x, x [1, 1]
2
1.
1 x
1 x2
2. cos1 2 tan1 x, x [0, )
1 x2

2x
tan1 2 tan1 x, x (1, 1)
2
3.
1 x

4. 1 1
3 sin 1 x sin 1 3x 4 x 3 if x ,
2 2

5. 1
3 cos1 x cos1 4 x 3 3x if x , 1
2
13

3x x 3
3 tan1 x tan1 if x 1 , 1
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6.
1 3x 2 3
3

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Remeshs Mathematics [2. INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS]

1 x2
cos1 x sin 1 1 x 2 tan1 cos ec 1 cot 1
1 x
7.
x 2 2
1 x 1 x
2
8. sin 1 x cos1 1 x 2 tan1
x sec 1 1 cot 1 1 x
2 2 x
1 x 1 x
2
tan1 x sin 1
x cos1 1 sec 1 1 x 2 cos ec 1 1 x
9.

2
1 x2 x
1 x

10. 2 sin 1 x sin 1 2 x 1 x 2


11. 2 cos1 x cos1 2 x 2 1
Note:

1. If sin 1 x sin 1 y sin 1 z , then x 1 x2 y 1 y 2 z 1 z 2 2 xyz

2. If cos1 x cos1 y cos1 z , then x2 y 2 z 2 2 xyz 1
3. If tan 1 x tan 1 y tan 1 z , then x y z xyz

4. If cot 1 x cot 1 y cot 1 z , then x y z xyz
2

Tips

1. sin x 1 sin 1 x
2. Range is same as principal value range of the inverse circular function.
3. To learn this chapter well, you should thorough in Trigonometric functions especially, compound angles,
reduction formulae, multiple and sub multiple angles (Portions available in Formula Master Part I of the
author).

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Beauty in Mathematics is seeing the truth without effort Descartes

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