DISCRIMINATORY PRACTICES IN THE USE OF PHILIPPINE CENTAVO

COINS BY THE STUDENTS AT ALEJO M. PACALSO MEMORIAL

NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL (AMPMNHS) SY.2016-2017

A research proposal

Presented to:

The Faculty of the Senior High School

_____________________________

Alejo M. Pacalso National High school

Bua, Tuding, Itogon, Benguet

In Partial Fulfillment

Of the Requirements for the

Practical research 1

_____________________

By

Sheryl P. Bugatan

January 25, 2017

 CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Money is fundamental in the functioning of the economy. It facilitates the

exchange of goods and services and reduces the amount of time and effort to

carry out a trade transaction. Money is able to perform this role of facilitating

the exchange of goods and services through its main functions, namely: as a

medium of exchange and unit of account and a store of value.

In the olden days, students get their exact change down to the last

centavo after every last transaction. It is because centavos ages ago have a

big value in exchange to goods. Now, the 1, 5, 10, and the 25 centavos

because of their small value, they end up lying around the house and

gathering dust in vases, ash trays, cabinet drawers, etc. or getting tossed in

wishing wells, or even forgotten in the bottom of the bags for months, even

years. This creates a coin shortage which is a major headache for Bangko

Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP). This coin shortage prevents business from giving

back exact and proper change.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The study aimed to determine the discriminatory practices in the use of the

Philippine centavo coins by the students.

Specifically, the study sought to answer the following questions:

1. How may the Philippine Currency be described as to:

1.1 Acceptability;

1.2 Utility;
 1.3 Portability, and

1.4 Divisibility;

2. What are the discriminatory practices by the consumers with regards to the

use of Philippine centavo coins and to what extent?

3. What solutions may be offered to minimize the aforementioned

discriminatory practices?

4. How may the findings be utilized for a more effective public information

campaign in the use of Philippine centavo coins?

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:

1. To describe the Philippine Currency to the following:

1.1 Acceptability;

1.2 Utility;

1.3 Portability, and

1.4 Divisibility;

2. To determine the discriminatory practices by the consumers with regards to

the use of Philippine centavo coins and to what extent.

3. To find out solutions may be offered to minimize the aforementioned

discriminatory practices.

4. To identify how may the findings be utilized for a more effective public

information campaign in the use of Philippine centavo coins.

NULL HYPOTHESES:

There are no discriminatory practices of the Philippine centavo coins by the

students..
 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

This study is anchored on the concept that students awareness on the

importance of Philippine centavo coins is crucial and involve a variety of

concerns, approaches and consideration. The students must be fully

knowledgeable on the importance of Philippine centavo coins in the economy.

Moreover the students must also practice proper treatment on using the said

coins in every transaction.

As Mocorro (2014) said, Money, regardless of denomination is still

money. However, Robert Kiyosaki said Money without financial knowledge

is money soon gone. As Alminar (2007) stated that without money, individual

in economy would have to devote more time in buying what they want and

selling what they dont. Money simplifies matters. One of the most important

things about the medium of exchange is that everyone must be confident that

it can be passed on, that it is generally acceptable in trade. Paradoxically,

people will accept the medium of exchange only when they are certain that it

can be passed on to someone else. People will be more willing to accept the

media of exchange if they are certain of what it is worth in terms of things they

really want.
 PARADIGM

Input
Description of
Philippine Currency

Discriminatory
practices by the Output
consumers with More effective
regards to the use public
of Philippine information
Centavo Coins Process campaign
Questionnaire
Solutions offered to s
minimize
discriminatory Book Public
practices in the awareness on
use of Philippine the use and
Centavo Coins importance of
centavos
Findings that can
be utilized for a
more effective
public information
Figure 1: Paradigm of the study
campaign in the
use of centavos
PARADIGM OF THE STUDY

The foregoing concepts are illustrated on the paradigm that follows

using the input, process, output scheme.

Block 1 is the input which contains variables of the study. It includes

the description of the Philippine Currency; discriminatory practices by the

consumers with regards to the use of Philippine centavo coins; solutions

offered to minimize discriminatory practices in the use of centavos; and

findings that can be utilized for a more effective public information campaign

in the use of Philippine Centavo Coins.

Block 2 is the process which discusses the ways or methods

employed to yield an output. The researchers believed that the analysis on

the discriminatory practices in the use of Philippine centavo coins through the

research instrument can help not only academically but also practically on the

aspects of the consumers daily transaction on economic world. The

researchers also used the book, Introduction to Philippine Money, Credit, and

Banking by Ruby F. Alminar-Mutya (2012) to answer the SOP no. 1 of this

study.

Block 3 is the output of the result of input and process. After analysis

of the findings, conclusions can be drawn and recommendations can be

offered. This would result to a more effective public information campaign and

public awareness on the use and on the importance of Philippine centavo

coins.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The result of this study will be beneficial to the following:

Students, for them to be able to appreciate the use of Philippine

centavo coins; the significance of centavos; and to be aware on their

right to give and receive exact change in their transactions; and for

them to become responsible users of money and entrepreneurs on the

 practice of the right to exact change.

Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP), for their management to come up

with implementing guidelines in the use of Philippine centavo coins.

Banking Institutions, to encourage students to use also the Philippine

centavo coins in their saving practices.

Future Researchers, for them to acquire ideas that will lead them

discover related topics that are not fully given emphasis in this

research.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

The study focused on the discriminatory practices in the use of Philippine

centavo coins. The respondents involved are the students in Alejo M. Pacalso

Memorial National High School. A total of 800 respondents were used as a

sample. The researchers are confident that these respondents can express

very well their perception on the problem of the study.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

To have a clear understanding of the study, the following terms are defined as

to how they are used in the study:

Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) is the Philippines Central Bank that

serves as the banker, financial adviser, issuer, and official depository of the

Philippine government.

Coin Shortage refers to deficit supply of coins in circulation.

Students refers to a person who uses banknotes and coins in his or her

transactions.
Currency refers to the money that a country uses.

Denominations refers to the value that a particular coin or bill has.

Discriminatory Practices refers to the unequal treatment of centavo coins

from Philippine bank notes and coins by the consumers.

Monetary Policy refers to the measures or actions taken by the BSP to

help keep price stable and inflation law.

Money Circulation refers to the movement of bank notes and coins to the

financial system.