UPM / FK / BP / FYP

A GUIDE TO STUDENT PROJECT

BAHAGIAN AKADEMIK, HAL EHWAL PELAJAR, ALUMNI DAN JARINGAN INDUSTRI & MASYARAKAT
FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA
UPM / FK / BP / FYP
TABLES OF CONTENTS CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION 2.0 REQUIREMENTS AND PROCEDURES
2.1 Carrying out the project 2.1.1 Responsibilities of the student 2.1.2 Respons
ibilities of the supervisor / coordinator 2.2 Final Report 2.3 Evaluation 2.3.1
First Semester Evaluation 2.3.2 Second Semester Evaluation 3 3 3 3 4 4 4
3
3.0 PREPARATION OF THE REPORT
3.1 Physical Requirement of the Report 3.1.1 3.1.2 3.1.3 3.1.4 3.1.5 3.1.6 3.1.7
3.1.8 Paper Margins Font Type and Size Spacing Pagination Mathematical Text Ill
ustration Type-written Copy 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9
9 9
3.2 Format of the Report 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 3.2.4 3.2.5 3.2.6 3.2.7 3.2.8 3.2.9 3
.2.10 3.2.11 3.2.12 3.2.13 3.2.14 3.2.15 3.2.16 3.2.17 3.2.18 Arrangement of Con
tents Cover Inside Cover Page Approval Sheet Acknowledgements (if any) Table of
Contents List of Tables List of Figures List of Symbols Abstract Introduction Li
terature Review Methodology Results and Discussion Conclusions References Append
ices Biographical Sketch(Optional)
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4.0 5.0
PROJECT WORK SCHEDULE THE USE OF ACADEMIC AND CAMPUS SERVICES IN STUDENTS PROJEC
T WORK
5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 Ordering Equipment Manufacture of Equipment (if applicable)
Visual Aids Facilities Correspondence Supervisors Responsibilities
10 10
10 10 11 11 11
6.0
THE USE OF REFERENCES IN TECHNICAL WRITING
6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Reference in the text References at the end of the text The esse
ntial elements of a good reference are Volume Works
12
12 12 12 12
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1.0
INTRODUCTION
The preparation of a report forms an important part of the students work in this
Faculty. The final year student project is a partial fulfillment of the require
ments for all the Bachelor of Engineering programs. This guide has been prepared
to help the final year student with the selection, implementation, and presenta
tion of an acceptable project work and report. It is also a useful reference for
the project supervisor in guiding the student in meeting the necessary requirem
ents set by the Faculty. The project work is intended to provide the students wi
th the opportunity to apply theoretical knowledge to solve engineering problems.
It is also aimed at helping students to develop initiative and to gain experien
ce in research methods and procedures, collection, analysis and presentation of
engineering data with the necessary observations and conclusions. The main objec
tive is to help the student develop initiative in tackling a problem by himself
/ herself. Student should follow closely to what has been outlined in this guide
and observe the time schedules and datelines, which will be acknowledged from t
ime to time by the project coordinator.
2.0
REQUIREMENTS AND PROCEDURES
2.1 2.1.1 CARRYING OUT THE PROJECT Responsibilities of the students It is the re
sponsibilities of the students to ensure that the project work is carried out to
meet the necessary requirements set by the Faculty. A lot of initiative and har
d work are expected from every student. Students are expected to meet the superv
isor and discuss the project work as often as possible. As soon as a project is
approved by the Faculty Project Coordinator, the student should start working on
it immediately by further detailed planning, preparation of equipment and the p
ursuit of experimental work. 2.1.2 Responsibilities of the supervisor / coordina
tor The supervisor is expected to meet the student from time to time to advise a
nd monitor the progress of the project work. It is also the responsibility of th
e supervisor to see that students follow closely all the datelines set by the Fa
culty Project Coordinator. The supervisor is also expected to advise the student
to follow the guideline in this book in preparing the project report. The Coord
inator/Head of Department is required to identify examiners upon consultation wi
th the supervisor. He is expected to assist the student in making arrangements f
or use of facilities, editing the reports, visits or attendance at colloquia if
these are deemed necessary as part of the program of work. 2.2 FINAL REPORT The
final report is to be typewritten in Bahasa Malaysia or English and preferably s
hould not exceed 100 pages. Two hardbound copies of the final report must be sub
mitted to the respective department clerk before the appropriate dateline. The F
aculty has the right to reject reports that do not satisfy any of the requiremen
ts or down grade the result.
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2.3
EVALUATION
2.3.1 First Semester Evaluation For the first semester, project work will be eva
luated based on the following: i) Presentation of Project Proposal 5% (by superv
isor and/or examiners) ii) Report of Project Proposal 5% (by supervisor) iii) Pr
oject Work 20% (by supervisor) The evaluation criteria for each of the items abo
ve are based on the expected Program Outcomes (PO). The marks will be filled in
FK3/Q/PROPEL3. Each student should submit a typewritten copy of his / her projec
t proposal and present a short seminar on the proposed project. It is the respon
sibility of the student, not the Faculty, to arrange for the typing of the repor
t and for its completion within the dateline set. KKA and those department adopt
ing KKA s format, need to refer to A Guide To Final Year Plant Design Project for
evaluation. 2.3.2 Second Semester Evaluation For the second semester, the proje
ct work will be evaluated based on the following: i) Project Work ii) Project Re
port iii) Oral Exam 30% (by the supervisor) 30% (by the examiners and supervisor
s) 10% (by the examiners and supervisors)
The evaluation criteria for each of the items above are based on the expected Pr
ogram Outcomes (PO). The marks will be filled in FK3/Q/PROPEL3. An oral examinat
ion will be held within a week immediately after the final examination week when
the student presents his / her report. The project report must be submitted to
the supervisor and examiner through the respective department clerk at the lates
t, one week before the oral examination. A panel of 3 members is recommended to
give the oral examination. External observers from other educational institution
s may be invited to attend the oral presentation. Failure to submit the final re
port in hardbound copies in the specified time may result in an F grade for the
project report.
3.0
PRPEPARATION OF THE REPORT
3.1 PHYSICAL REQUIREMENT OF THE REPORT
3.1.1 Paper An 80 gm White Simili paper or paper of equivalent quality should be
used. The paper should be of A4 size (210 x 297 mm). 3.1.2 Margins The text is
re commended to be typed on one side of the paper only with margins of not less
than 40mm on the left and 25mm on the top, bottom and right. 3.1.3 Font Type and
Size The report should be typed by using Times New Roman font with 12 in size.
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UPM / FK / BP / FYP 3.1.4 Spacing The report should be typed preferably in doubl
e spacing. The following, however, should be single spaced in the text of the re
port: a) b) c) d) e) f) Foot notes Quotations longer than 3 lines Reference Tabl
es Computer Programs Appendices
Major sections should begin on a new page on the fifth double space from the top
of. Avoid having a single line of a paragraph. 3.1.5 Pagination Pages are numbe
red consecutively from introduction to the end of the report, including pages of
figure, tables, computer programs and appendices. Page numbers appear by themse
lves and are not to be enclosed in parenthesis, hyphens or other decorative symb
ols. Pages preceding the introduction may carry page numbers in small roman nume
rals (i, ii, iii). The title page should not be numbered though it is counted as
page i. 3.1.6 Mathematical Text Mathematical text must be spaced out; superscrip
t must be clearly shown as such. 3.1.7 Illustration Photographs, drawings, graph
s and other illustrations which are not incorporated in the text must be reprodu
ced on A4 size card or paper leaving a margin of not less than 2cm all around. W
here large-scale engineering drawings or maps are used, copies reduced to A4 siz
e must be included in the report where appropriate. In any case a complete set o
f the original drawings or maps should be handed in with the report. Diskettes o
f the programs and negatives should also be included where required. 3.1.8 Type-
written Copy The first copy must be the original copy. Second and third copies s
hould be photo copies of the original. Carbon copies will not be accepted.
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3.2
3.2.1
FORMAT OF THE REPORT
Arrangement of Contents A report consists of many parts arranged in a certain or
der. It is recommended that the following occur in the following order, although
not every report will include all the items listed. Blank Leaf Title Page Appro
val Acknowledgement Abstract Table of Contents List of Tables List of Figures or
Illustrations List of Symbols Introduction Other Chapters as Necessary Probably
including Introduction Literature Review Materials and Method Results and Discu
ssion Conclusions Summary Reference Appendices Biographical Sketch (Optional) Bl
ank Leaf
3.2.2
Cover
NAME OF THE AUTHOR
TITLE
MATRIC NO. PROGRAM HARD COVER (Navy Blue) YEAR
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FONT TYPE Times New Roman Font Size: 14
MATRIC NO.
3.2.3 Inside Cover Page This page includes the following information: Title of P
roject Full name of Author The degree for which the report is presented The mont
h and year in which the degree is granted
3.2.4 Approval Sheet This sheet bears the signatures of the Supervisor and two o
ther members of the panel certifying approval of the report.
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3.2.5
Acknowledgement (if any) Acknowledgements may be given to those who help in the
supervision of the project. It may be found necessary to seek information and sp
ecial assistance, particularly from outside the Faculty or University, which sho
uld be acknowledged. Students should judge as to whether the quality and quantit
y of the assistance requires acknowledgements. The wording should be simple, con
cise, tactful and modest. Table of Contents This page is self-explanatory. It se
rves as a synopsis of the structural pattern of the report. As far as possible,
subdivision of headings should be limited to three levels. All materials followi
ng the table of contents are listed in it. No preceding material is listed. The
headings as listed in the table of contents must be worded exactly as they appea
r in the body of the report. List of Tables If the report contains a lot of tabl
es, a separate page should be allocated to a list of them, giving the table numb
er, the exact title and the page where it may be found. List of Figures If the r
eport contains a lot of tables, a separate page should be allocated to a list of
them, giving the table number, the exact title and the page where it may be fou
nd. List of Symbols All symbols and abbreviations for scientific terms as used i
n the report should be listed on this page and their full interpretation given,
along with their units where necessary.
3.2.6
3.2.7
3.2.8
3.2.9
3.2.10 Abstract The abstract covers briefly the whole of the work in the report.
It is presented so that any other reader, who is attracted by the title of the
project. Can know a little more without having to read the whole report. Any ref
erence to the literature is not made in the abstract but if such references are
necessary, they should be footnoted. Abstract should not normally exceed 250 wor
ds and must be written in standard Bahasa Malaysia or English. 3.2.11 Introducti
on This is an introduction to the project work as a whole, the problem, social,
economic and technical reasons why the project is of importance, its significanc
e on a limited front or its possible application to a wider field. 3.2.12 Litera
ture Review It is important that a student doing a certain project work should k
now what has already been done related to his project. Having done this reading,
it is important that the main outlines be recorded and the reference to the wor
k be made (Refer 3.2.15) 3.2.13 Methodology This should contain an accurate desc
ription of the equipment used and the experiments carried out. It should be suff
iciently detailed for the reader to be able to repeat the work if necessary and
know exactly the circumstances under which it was done. While only representativ
e successful experiments need to be described in detail, it is often described i
n detail, it is often desirable to mention briefly the unsuccessful experiments
and wrong turnings which occur for the benefit of the reader.
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UPM / FK / BP / FYP 3.2.14 Results and Discussion This is the heart of the proje
ct work and distinguishes a project report from references or description. This
is the place where the results of experimentation are reported and appraisal of
what has been written before. A place where comparisons are made, argusions reac
hed. 3.2.15 Conclusions Conclusions are the natural outcome of the results and d
iscussions. These are essential parts of all reports even if the only possible c
onclusion that can be reached is no conclusion can be drawn from the project and
that further work is necessary in a certain direction. There is a clear distinc
tion between conclusions and comments. The student has really learnt from his pr
oject work if he can separate out the conclusions from the comments. 3.2.16 Refe
rences Nearly all projects will involve the reading of a number of reference. Th
e list of reference forms a very valuable part of the work since it enables the
reader to seek more work consulted and also protect writes in matters of copyrig
ht. Information from the source. It is a common courtesy to quote the authors of
the work consulted and also protect writes in matters of copyright 3.2.17 Appen
dices Any information, which may contain the following, should be included under
Appendices: a) Original data that are lengthy and or lesser importance b) Long
quotations or descriptions c) Other relevant information that are not readily av
ailable to the reader 3.2.18 Biographical Sketch (Optional) This section is opti
onal. It is a brief background of the author. It may include information like ag
e, occupational experience, academic qualification, or even marital status. The
purpose of this section is to introduce the author to readers.
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4.0 PROJECT WORK SCHEDULE
This schedule is a guide to students and supervisors involved in final-year proj
ects. SEMESTER I Briefing of projects by supervisors / coordinator / head of dep
artment Registration of chosen projects by students Preparation of project propo
sals Identification of examiners Presentation of project proposal in a seminar S
tudents mark for semester I is due at the Coordinator / Head of Department Office
SEMESTER II Copies of final corrected report for oral presentation Are due to s
upervisor and examiners Oral presentation of report Hardbound copies of report a
nd final grade are due at the Head of Department Office WEEK 1-2 1-2 3-4 4 5-6 1
9 WEEK 17 19 20
5.0
THE USE OF ACADEMIC AND CAMPUS SERVICES IN STUDENT PROJECT WORK
These notes are intended as a guide to students and for the information of techn
ical, academic and office staff on the procedures to be adopted when service fac
ilities are required. In preparing the Project Proposal form the student consult
ation with his/her supervisor will have outlined his / her requirements for the
various facilities involved. Upon approval the students should inform the approp
riate senior technician of his/her intended assistance, instrumentation and work
shop staff needs. Give relevant dates e.g.: when drawings will be available, whe
n equipment is required etc. Update this information frequently and keep the sen
ior technician informed of changes. 5.1 Ordering Equipment On the Project Propos
al form, costs (approximately RM 500 per student) will have been estimated for e
quipment and materials to be ordered. The supervisor and/or the relevant senior
technician will help to prepare orders, but it is the student responsibility to
ensure that his/her equipment is accurately stated. 5.2 Manufacture of Equipment
(if applicable) 5.2.1 Full information is required for all equipment to be made
in the workshop. This must include: a) General arrangement drawing b) Fully dim
ensional detail drawings of all components to be manufactured c) Complete materi
als list of all components whether ex-stock or to be bought out including materi
al specifications and size of all raw materials. 5.2.2 A project number will be
allocated which must appear on all drawings, parts list and other paperwork asso
ciated with the project. All drawing must be to the ISOA series of sizes (eg. A1)
with at least a 20mm margin. All dimensions to be in millimeters. The drawing nu
mber will appear in the lower right hand corner of the sheet, below the title bl
ock. The project supervisors name and the desired date for completion of manufact
ure should be stated. Throughout the design and draught stage, the student shoul
d consult both his/her supervisor and Drawing office staff. This will ensure tha
t drawings are presented
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5.2.3
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UPM / FK / BP / FYP in accordance with certain standards and that no serious des
ign or other errors are present at the time of completion. It is recommended tha
t the Design Draughtman be consulted during the design stage, as he will be able
to comment on the practicability and economy of manufacture in the workshop. 5.
2.4 A set of drawings must include a parts list. On completion the set of drawin
gs is submitted to the Project Supervisor for approval. Prints are taken from th
e drawings and any errors or changes found necessary are marked on the prints an
d the students make corrections. The corrected drawings and prints are then chec
ked and signed. The original drawings are filed in the Drawing Office together w
ith the original parts list. The prints are submitted to the workshop for manufa
cture. Proposed revisions to an approved and finally checked drawing must first
be discussed with the supervisor and Drawing Office staff. If prints have been s
ubmitted to the workshop and manufacture commenced, a representative from the wo
rkshop should be included in any discussions.
5.2.5
5.2.6
5.3 Visual Aids Facilities
Requests for visual aids service required should be made at the facultys store. A
ny requests for visual aids and work to be charged require the approval of the p
roject supervisor. Approval is at his/her discretion and subject to Faculty work
having priority.
5.4 Correspondence
Any correspondence addressed to individuals or organizations outside the Faculty
must: a) Include under the signature of the writer, the writers name in black ca
pitals or typescript. b) Clarify that the reply should be addressed personally t
o the writer. c) Clarify that the enquiry is in connection with a study project.
Letters should normally be written or typed by the student. In exceptional case
s only supervisors may authorize Faculty typing facilities to be used subject to
Faculty work having priority.
5.5 Supervisors Responsibilities
The supervisor is responsible for general guidance in the arrangements of the st
udents project. He/she should check orders and work required to ensure that Facul
ty resources of money, labor and materials are not used wastefully and that cost
s are correctly allocated to the students project or personal account in accordan
ce with the arrangement outlined above.
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6.0
THE USE OF REFERENCES IN TECHNICAL WRITING
The objective of giving references is to let the reader: i) Know what sources th
e writer drew on. ii) Know which information comes from which source. iii) Find
the original information to check it or obtain more information.
6.1
Reference in the text: The practice is to give a note after the quoted material,
either in the form of a number which refers to numbered references quoted in fu
ll at the end, or by giving the authors name and year of publication for example:
i) ii) Fiber reinforced concrete is a composite material consisting of concrete
with fibers (17). Fiber reinforced concrete is a composite material consisting
of concrete with fibers (Shirley, 1975)
6.2
References at the end of the text: In example (i) number lists the reference, wh
ile in example (ii). The reference is not numbered but listed in the authors name
. Listing references may be presented in either way (as mentioned in example (i)
and (ii) in the previous paragraph). It should be noted here that the value of
the references would be reduced if it is poorly presented. The test of a well-pr
epared reference is whether a reader, here or elsewhere can readily identify and
locate the material that has been cited. Regardless of style therefore, complet
eness and accuracy are essential.
6.3
The essential elements of a good reference are 1) Authorship 2) Year of publicat
ion 3) Title of publication 4) Medium of publication and 5) Number of pages in t
he publication Examples given below are presented in section according to the ty
pe of publications. This is done to illustrate how to handle various kinds of ma
terials referred to and does not mean that the reference section should be simil
arly presented.
6.4
Volume Works: If the source is a textbook, monograph, pamphlet or report the fol
lowing information should be given in the order stated: i) ii) iii) iv) v) vi) A
uthor (or Editor, Compiler, Translator) Year of Publication (in parentheses) Tit
le of Article/Chapter/part of section Title of Book/Monograph/Pamphlet/Report Ed
ition No. Publisher Page number referred to
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UPM / FK / BP / FYP Example: DESCH, H.E. (1973). Timber, Its Structure and Prope
rties 5th Ed. London, Macmillan, 424p. NEVILLE, A.M. (1973). Properties of Concr
ete. 2nd Ed. London Pittman, 687p. WHITMORE, J.G (1973). Palms of Malaya, Kuala
Lumpur. Oxford Univ. Press. 129p. Periodicals: When the reference is an article
in a technical journal the following should be given: i) Author ii) Year of Publ
ication (in parenthesis) iii) Title of Article iv) Name of Periodical (abbreviat
ed, underlined and followed by a comma) v) Volume number vi) Issue number vii) P
age numbers referred to
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