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PRO/II 9.1
Component Data
Keyword Manual
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taken in the preparation of this documentation, the publisher and the
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liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of the
information contained herein.
2
Chapter 1
Component Data Overview
General Information
The Component Data Category is required for PRO/II. In
PIPEPHASE, this category is required for the simulation of
compositional fluids, but should not be included when simulating
non-compositional fluids.
The Component Data Category defines the pure components and
pseudocomponents in the problem and, if necessary, defines or
modifies component properties. All components encountered in a
problem, except for assay stream components, must be defined in
this Category. Streams defined by distillation assay curves in the
Stream Data Category are broken into pseudocomponents based on
the rules defined in the Component Data Category.
Component Library
Chapter 2 documents how the user identifies to the program the
components present in the simulation. PRO/II comes standard with
an extensive pure component data base of over 1,750 components,
tabulated in Chapter 3, Chapter 4, and Chapter 5. All components
capable of vapor-liquid phase behavior have sufficient information
to be used with generalized K-value predictors and density
calculations. Most components have built in transport property
correlations. A majority of simulations with pure components use
this library exclusively and require no additional pure component
data.
Non-library Components
Components not found in the component libraries delivered with
PRO/II may be entered as NONLIBRARY components (Chapter 2).
The format for entering user components is straightforward;
however, users who do this frequently, or who need help estimating
required but unknown properties, should use SimSci's Thermo Data
Manager program (TDM for short). Essentially, TDM is a
housekeeping tool for building and managing component data.
TDM is a newer tool that replaces the former DATAPREP program.
Refer to the Thermo Data Manager 3.0 User Guide for more
information.
Solid Components
The program handles solids with particle size distributions and
user-defined attributes. See Chapter 7, Solid Component
Properties, for information on property data requirements for solid
components and associated input format. Chapter 7 is also used to
define particle size intervals and GENERAL attributes.
Component Properties
The user may define or override component properties for all
components in the simulation. This includes components in the
component library, user-defined components, petroleum
pseudocomponents and solid forming components. The properties
include constants (such as molecular weight or critical properties),
as well as temperature dependent properties (such as enthalpies in
various phase states). Where appropriate, properties may be given
on a mole or weight basis. PRO/II does not allow users to override
the data taken from password protected databank. Refer to Chapter
8, Component Properties, for entering component property
values.
UNIFAC Data
Chapter 9, UNIFAC Structural Groups, discusses the methods for
assigning UNIFAC structural groups and van der Waals parameters
for pure components. As discussed starting in Chapter 5, Liquid
Activity Methods, of Volume II of this manual, UNIFAC provides
a means of estimating liquid activity coefficients when actual VLE
or LLE data are unavailable.
General Information
At least one component definition statement is required unless a
petroleum assay stream is defined. Each component in the
simulation has its own unique component number. Although it is
not necessary to supply the components in any particular order, all
of the component numbers must be sequential beginning with 1
through N where N is the number of components in the simulation.
An unlimited number of components may be entered.
For the vast majority of simulations, components are either selected
from the SimSci pure component database, or are defined as
petroleum components. There are about 1,750 components in the
database with comprehensive pure component properties. Selection
of one of these components with the LIBID statement automatically
recalls all of the data required to run that simulation. See Chapter 4
and Chapter 5 for a complete listing of available pure components.
Pure components not available in the library may be entered with
the NONLIBRARY statement. It is the user's responsibility to enter
all data required for each NONLIBRARY component. See Chapter
8 for information on required data for each thermodynamic
generator.
Petroleum components may be defined on the PETROLEUM
statement, or derived automatically from stream assay distillations.
See Chapter 6, Petroleum Component Properties, of this manual
and Chapter 32 of the PRO/II Keyword Manual for stream assay
input requirements.
Library components
LIBID i, libraryID {, library number, descriptive name / ...}
{BANK=SIMSCI, PROCESS,}, {FILL=SIMSCI}
or {BANK=PROII_9.1:SIMSCI, PROII_9.1:PROCESS,
PROII_9.1:ALCOHOL, PROII_9.1:GLYCOL,
LIBRARY1:USER1, LIBRARY1:USER2,
libID:bankID...}
Note: Prior to PRO/II version 8.0, the default bank order was
PROCESS, SIMSCI (the reverse of the current convention). To run
keyword files from older versions (prior to 8.0) of PRO/II and to
continue to obtain the same results, ensure the LIBID statement
declares the bank order as BANK=PROCESS, SIMSCI. Also
refer to the Thermo Data Manager User Guide for information
about registering and using earlier versions of the component
libraries.
The LIBID statement selects pure components from the PROII_9.1
component library. Additionally, the optional BANK entry allows
specifying the search order of data banks in the library. .
Petroleum Components
PETROLEUM(udens, utemp) i,identifier, MW, std liq density,
NBP or ATBP/ ...
Comp.
Name MW API NBP (F)
Number
21 NBP20 48.2 200
0
22 NBP25 135 - 250
0
BERYLLIUM Be BERYL
BICYCLOHEXYL C12H22 BICHXL BICYHXL
BIPHENYL C12H10 BIPH BIPHENYL
BISMUTH Bi BISMUTH
BIS(CHLOROMETHYL)ETHER C2H4Cl2O BISCLETR
BIS(CYANOETHYL)ETHER C6H8N2O BCYEET
BISPHENOL A C15H16O2 BSPHNOLA
BORAX B4H20Na2O17 BORAX
BORIC ACID BH3O3 BORICACD
BORON TRICHLORIDE BCl3 BCL3 BORNTRCL
IODINE I2 I2 IODINE
IODOBENZENE C6H5I IBZ C6H5I IBENZENE
1-IODOBUTANE C4H9I 1IBUTAN
2-IODOBUTANE C4H9I 2IBUTAN
IRON Fe IRON FE
MERCURY Hg MERCURY
MESITYL OXIDE C6H10O MO MESOXD
MESITYLENE C9H12 135Z 135MBENZ
METHACROLEIN C4H6O MACR MACRLN MACROLN
2-METHACRYLAMIDE C4H7NO 2MEAMIDE
SODIUM Na NA SODIUM
SODIUM AMIDE H2NNa NANH2
SODIUM BENZOATE C7H5NaO2 NABENZOT
SODIUM BICARBONATE CHNaO3 NAHCO3
SODIUM BISULFATE HNaO4S NAHSO4
SULFUR S SULFUR
SULFUR DICHLORIDE Cl2S SULFDICL
SULFUR DIOXIDE O2S SO2 SULFDIOX
SULFUR HEXAFLUORIDE F6S SF6 SULFHXF
SULFUR TRIOXIDE O3S SO3 SULFTROX
HYDROGEN(PARA) H2 H2PARA
SODIUM AMIDE H2NNa NANH2
MONOSODIUM PHOSPHATE H2NaO4P NAH2PO4
WATER H2O H2O WATER H20
HYDROGEN PEROXIDE H2O2 H2O2 HYPEROXD
POTASSIUM IODIDE IK KI
SODIUM IODIDE INa NaI
POTASSIUM K K
KRYPTON Kr KR KRYPTON
LITHIUM Li LITHIUM
NITROGEN N2 N2 NITROGEN
NITROUS OXIDE N2O N2O NITRSOXD
NITROGEN TRIOXIDE N2O3 NITTO
NITROGEN TETROXIDE N2O4 DNTETOX
NITROGEN PENTOXIDE N2O5 NITPO
General Information
Hydrocarbons often are classified by the bonds between the carbon
atoms. Four important types include paraffins (or alkanes) having
only single bonds, olefins (one or more double bonds), naphthenes
(cycloalkanes), and aromatics (containing at least one benzene
ring). These are commonly referred to collectively as PONA
components. PRO/II also supports several other component types.
Petroleum components typically are discrete composite pseudo-
components that exhibit the bulk properties of different types of
hydrocarbons mixed in a continuous stream.
Petroleum components may be defined on the PETROLEUM
statement (Chapter 2), or derived from assay stream data (Chapter
32 of the PRO/II Keyword Manual). They are characterized by the
program to generate pseudocomponent properties according to the
methods described in this chapter. Although the default
characterization methods are suitable for most petroleum
applications, the user has the flexibility to choose other methods, if
desired.
SYNCOMP and SYNLIQ components are modeling adjuncts of
petroleum components. They are defined directly by supplying a
basic set of property data, instead of determining them from assay
analysis.
Temperature ranges should encompass the full TBP ranges for all
stream assay data. If not, the portions outside the defined
temperature ranges will be included with the first and last
components. For details of entering the stream assay data, see
Chapter 32 of the PRO/II Keyword Manual.
ASSAY FIT= SPLINE or ALTERNATE or QUADRATIC
or PDF(NONE or IP or EP or BOTH),
CHARACTERIZE= SIMSCI or CAVETT or CAV87 or LK or EXTAPI,
or HEAVY,
MOLW= SIMSCI or API63 or API80 or LK or EXTAPI or HEAVY,
CONVERSION= API87 or API94 or API63 or EDOK,
GRAVITY= WATSONK or PRE301,
{ TBPIP= 1, TBPEP= 98 }, { NBP=LV or MID }
CURVEFIT = CURRENT or VER8 or VER6
KVRECONCILE = TAIL or CURVE
This statement is optional and is used to select various calculational
methods pertaining to petroleum characterization.
The TAIL option maintains the original curve, but moves the average
calculated KVIS to match the supplied average KVIS value using
extrapolation of the upper end of the curve (the lower curve in
Figure 6-1). The extrapolation uses the last 3 supplied values. It
adjusts the slope of the extrapolated curve so the calculated average
KVIS value matches the supplied KVIS average value.
The CURVE option does not extrapolate, but instead shifts the entire
curve until the calculated average kinematic viscosity matches the
supplied KVIS average value (upper curve in Figure 6-1).
NBP This entry is used to designate the method used for calculating
the normal boiling point of narrow cuts.
LV NBP calculated from the volume average. This is
the default.
MID NBP calculated from the midpoint of the initial
and final boiling points of the narrow cut.
General Information
Components that can exist in the solid phase are identified on the
PHASE statement. They may be molecular (molecular weights
are given), or non-molecular (molecular weights are not given).
Molecular solid components may exist in any phase, but must be
given sufficient component properties to support the
thermodynamic generators used to predict multi-phase behavior.
Non-molecular solids may exist only in the solid phase.
Solid attributes are defined in the Component Data Category. For
pure component data the PROCESS bank is searched first by
default (see Table 2-1). However, the PROCESS bank does not
have data for VLS components. For these cases the user should
select the SIMSCI bank to search first for pure component data.
This program supports two classes of solid attributes:
1. Particle size distribution (PSD). The user defines the size
intervals for each grouping of particles. For instance, the first
interval could be all particles between 0.0 and 0.02 mm, the
second between 0.02 and 0.10 mm, etc. In the Stream Data
Category, the actual fraction of each solid component will be
Input Description
Solid Attributes (optional)
ATTR COMP= i, j, {PSD(unit)= s0, s1,...,}
GENERAL= 10, {GNAME=text1, text2,...}
Solid attributes may be assigned to each solid component identified
on the PHASE statement. This program supports particle size
distribution and general, user-defined attributes.
Examples
7.1: Particle Size Distribution
Component 4 is a solid with particle size distribution from 0 - 500
microns. To characterize this distribution, it is divided into 5 ranges
as follows:
ENTHALPY(BTU/LB,S, F) TABULAR=100,200,300/&
1,122.1,153.3,187.2/ 2, 80.9, ,171.0
Note that an extra comma is required as a placeholder since a datum
for component 2 at 140 C is not given.
7.4: Component Attributes
This example provides a description of all the attribute features.
The flowsheet has seven components Components 1, 2, 3 and 5 are
library, while components 4, 6 and 7 are non-library. The default
phase is specified as VL. Components 2 and 6 are LS, 4 and 7 are S,
and 1 and 3 are VLS. Components 4 and 6 are described using a
PSD. Default values are used for the GNAME vector. Components
6 and 7 are described using the GENERAL attribute of length 5 and
7, respectively. The first three elements in the GENERAL vector
are assigned names, with the remainder using default names.
TITLE PROJ=SOLIDS, PROB=EX-6.4, USER=SimSci
DIMEN ENGLISH
PRINT STREAM=PART
$
COMPONENT DATA
LIBID 1,WATER/2,NACL/3,HCL/5,METHANE/6, KCL
BANK=SIMSCI, PROCESS
NONLIB 4,COAL/7,PULP
PHASE DEFAULT=VL, VLS=1, LS=2, VLS=3, S=4, LS=6, S=7
ATTR COMP=4, PSD(IN)=0.01, 0.8, 1.0, 5.0
ATTR COMP=6, PSD(MIC)=50.,100.,250.,500., GENERAL=5
ATTR COMP=7, GENERAL=7, GNAME=MOIS,ORG,ASH
$
ENTH(L,J/KG,K,WT) CORR=1, DATA=6,,, 0.49E+03, 0.35E+03
ENTH(S,J/KG,K,WT) CORR=1, DATA=4,,, 0.35E+03, 0.25E+03
ENTH(S,J/KG,K,WT) CORR=1, DATA=6,,, 0.30E+03, 0.35E+03
ENTH(S,J/KG,K,WT) CORR=1, DATA=7,,, 0.23E+03, 0.42E+03
$
DENS(L,KG/M3,K,WT) CORR=1, DATA=6,,, 0.75E+03
DENS(S,K,KG/M3,WT) CORR=1, DATA=4,,, 1.25E+03
DENS(S,K,KG/M3,WT) CORR=1, DATA=6,,, 1.98E+03
DENS(S,K,KG/M3,WT) CORR=1, DATA=7,,, 0.60E+03
$
THERMODYNAMIC DATA
METHOD SYSTEM=IDEAL
...
General Information
The calculation of thermodynamic properties requires various pure
component property data. Pure component data requirements
depend on the thermodynamic methods that are selected. For
example, the Soave-Redlich-Kwong equation of state uses critical
temperature, pressure, and acentric factor or alpha coefficient data,
but not normal boiling point temperatures. Components chosen
from the SIMSCI library or characterized from assay data normally
contain all the data required. Non-library components must be
given user-supplied pure component properties.
Data Requirements
See Chapter 7, Solid Component Properties, for the special pure
component data requirements for solid-ing components.
All vapor/liquid ing components require molecular weight, either
specific gravity or API gravity, a vapor pressure curve, and an ideal
enthalpy curve.
Table 8-1 lists the pure component data required by each method
used for computing thermodynamic and transport properties. The
indicated pure component data may be retrieved from specified data
banks, generated using FILL options, or supplied by the user.
Missing data generate errors that terminate program execution upon
completion of input processing.
Hierarchy
The hierarchy that governs the use of pure component data is:
1. Use any method-specific data supplied on data statements for
each property in each method set.
2. Use applicable default values supplied on data statements
following a KVALUE statement (in the same method set).
3. Use data supplied in the Component Data category of input.
4. Use data stored in the component libraries. See the BANK
option in Chapter 2, Component Definition.
5. Use automatic estimation methods, if possible. See the FILL
option in Chapter 2, Component Definition.
6. Otherwise, if data are still missing, print an error message.
Input Description
Pure Component Properties (optional)
1.0
log Index = ------------------- log10 Value + Constant (8-1)
10 Gamma
If the SIMSCI method is chosen for the cloud point, the
conversion equation is:
Gamma CPF +460.0
Index = ------------------------------------------------------------- (8-2)
6.39693 9.21034Gamma
exp
where GAMMA=0.05 is the default.
The property indices are then blended on a molar or weight or
liquid volume fraction basis to provide the stream property value:
NOC
i=1
where:
Multi-property entries
FORMATION (V,or L or S unit, M or WT) i, enthalpy, Gibbs/...
The FORMATION statement supplies the heat of formation and
Gibbs free energy of formation for a component at vapor (default)
conditions, and at 25 C. Values are given in dimensions of energy/
mole or energy/weight units. PRO/II uses only vapor heats of
formation for VL components.
i Component number.
enthalpy Enthalpy of formation.
Gibbs Gibbs free energy of formation
i Component number.
area van der Waals area parameter (dimensionless)
volume van der Waals volume parameter (dimensionless)
area parameter = Awk /(2.5 x 109)
volume parameter = Vwk/15.17
where: Awk =van der Waals area for component i, (cm2/g mole)
Vwk = van der Waals volume for component i, (cm3/g mole)
For vapor pressures and viscosities, interpolation is ln(p) vs. 1/t where t
is absolute temperature. For all others, a linear property vs. temperature
interpolation or extrapolation is used.
i=1
where:
NOC = number of components
Zi = component i molar, weight, or liquid volume
fraction
INDEXi= index value for component i obtained from
equations (1) or (2) above.
INDEXblend= blended index value for the whole stream.
The blended stream property is then back-calculated using
equation (1) or (2).
4 Polynomial in (1 - Tr) n1
i 1 F
where F = EXPFAC entry. Prop = Ci 1 Tr Tr = T Cn
Latent Heat of i=1
Vaporization
Liquid Density
Liquid Thermal
Conductivity
5 C2
C1 T
Prop = --------------------
-
C3 + T
13 Liquid Viscosity 13 43
Prop = C e C 1 X + C2 X
5
C 3 T
where X= ----------------
T C 4
14 Vapor Pressure x 2 5
ln(Prop) = C 1 + ----- C 2 + C 3 x + C 4 x + C 5 x
T r
Tr = T Cn
P-
where X = 1 T r Prop = -----
Pc
T C4 + C
where X = 1 + 1 ------
C 3 5
19 Vapor Thermal C2 C C
Prop = C 1 T 1 + ------3 + ------4
Conductivity T T2
Viscosity (Liquid and
Vapor)
20 Vapor Pressure C C5
ln (Prop) = C 1 = -----2- + C 3 In T + C 4 T
Liquid Viscosity T
8 9
3 6 C C 2
+C 6 T + C 7 T + ------ + ------ + C 10 T
2 4
T T
21 Vapor Pressure C2 2
ln (Prop) = C 1 + ---------------
- + C4 T + C5 T
Liquid Viscosity C3 + T
Prop
+ C 6 ln T + C 7 -------------
2
T
(21) PPDS2IG
Note: The temperature must be specified in absolute units
24 Ideal Gas Enthalpy
C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7
Prop = C 1 T + ---------------------------- + ---------------------------- + ---------------------------- + H con
C3 C5 C7
exp ------ 1 exp ------ 1 exp ------ 1
T T T
31 --1- 2-
-- --5- 16-
----- 43-
----- 110-
--------
3 3 3 3 3 3
Prop = C 1 + C 2 + C 3 + C 4 + C 5 + C6 + C7
33 Vapor Thermal Tr
Conductivity Prop = ---------------------------------------------------------------
-
2 3
C1 + C2 X + C3 X + C4 X
Tr = T Cn
1-
X = ----
Tr
36 Latent Heat of 2 3
Prop = C 1 X + C 2 X + C 3 X + C 4 X + C 5 X RT c
6 18
Vaporization Tr = T Cn
13
X = 1 Tr
40 C
---------4
T
C e
Prop = R C 1 + C 2 T + ----------------------- + H T
3
C4
1
2C + 8C log 1 y + y C 1 + ---------- 1
5 - + C 6 7 + ----------- + C 6
5 6 1 y 1y
H T = C8 + C9 3 5 6 7 C7
2 5y y
+ y + 3y
4 y-
3y + -------- -------- + ---- + ----- C 6 --------------------------
-
3 5 3 7 2
C8 + C9
T C9
y = ---------------- for T C 9 ;y = 0 for T C 9
T + C8
o 2 2 2 8
C p R = a 0 + a 1 T exp a 2 T + a 3 y + a 4 a 5 T a 7 y
where y = T a 7 T + a 6 and R is the gas constant.
(17) WilhoitIG
41 Ideal Vapor Enthalpy n1
C i 3
Prop = C 1 + -----2- + C 3 ln(X) +
X Ci X
i=4
where X = 1 1 + T C n and 4 n 8
42 Liquid Enthalpy 6
i 1
Prop = Ci T + C 7 ln C 8 T
i=1
43 Latent Heat of Tc T c2
Vaporization Prop = C 1 ------------------ {Tb = normal boiling temperature}
T c T b
44
nTerms
i2
ln HVP = C 1 + Ci Tr ln 1 T r
i=2
(9) Watson
Note: The temperature be specified in absolute units
Note: Equation forms 6-12, 18, 28, 29, and 37-39 are presently
reserved for internal use.
ENTHALPY(I,C,KCAL/KG,M)TABULAR = 100,140,180/&
1,700000,825000,910000/ &
2,410000, ,470000
General Information
This program supports the UNIFAC method for predicting liquid
activity coefficients. Components chosen from the component
library have built in structural definitions. User supplied
components require structural data if UNIFAC is to be used. PRO/II
displays the SIMSCI group numbers and its structures for the
components from SIMSCI library by default. When PUBLIC
databank is selected as the databank in the current search order for
K-value property, then the Group IDs should be chosen
appropriately to match the original Group IDs present in the
PUBLIC databank.
Input Description
Component Structural Data for UNIFAC (optional)
The STRUCTURE and GROUP statements may be used to provide
data for non-library components for use with the UNIFAC method.
In addition, the predefined data for library components may be
overridden.
Available group data are given in Table 9-1. Groups are denoted
with a four digit integer with an iijk format. ii represents a
major grouping of components. j denotes a subgroup and k
identifies individual groups. Major groups of 70-99 are reserved for
user-defined structural groups (corresponding to individual group
identifiers of 7000-9999).
STRUCTUREi, igroup(n)/ ...
i Component number.
igroup(n) The four digit identifier for an individual structural
group contained in the component with n being used
to define the number of such groups. Up to 10
individual structural groups may be defined for any
component.
Examples
9.1: For demonstration purposes, normal butane and benzene are
entered with UNIFAC structural data and van der Waals
group parameters. In practice, these data are available
automatically for library components and would not be
entered.
COMPONENT DATA
LIBID 1,NC4/2,BENZENE
STRUCTURE 1,0900(2),0901(2)/2,1200(6)
GROUP 0900,0.848,0.9011/0901,0.540,0.6744/&
1200,0.400,0.5313
A E
aromatic , 6-1 Examples
aromatics , 6-10 Component Attributes , 7-4
Component Definition , 2-6
Available Pure Component Banks , 2-3
Defining TBP Cutpoints , 6-11
GENERAL Attributes , 7-3
Particle Size Distribution , 7-3
C Set Characterization Defaults , 6-11
Solid Component Enthalpy , 7-4
Characterization Supplying Heat of Formation , 8-20
cutpoints , 6-2 Supplying Ideal Gas Enthalpy Data , 8-20
petroleum component , 6-2 Supplying Molecular Weight , 8-20
Component Data Supplying Properties with Dimensions , 8-20
General Information , 1-1 Supplying Vapor Pressure Data , 8-21
Component Definition , 1-1, 2-1, 2-2
Allowable Phases , 2-5
Examples , 2-6 H
General Information , 2-1
Component Library , 1-5 hydrocarbon , 6-1
Component Properties , 1-3, 1-6
Component invariant properties and
constants , 8-4 N
Component invariant special properties , 8-5
Data Requirements , 8-1
Equation Forms for Temperature-dependent naphthene , 6-1
Properties , 8-15 naphthenes , 6-10
Examples , 8-20 Non-library Components , 1-5
Hierarchy of Pure Component Data , 8-4
Notes Statement , 1-1, 1-7
Invariant properties and constants , 1-3
Invariant special properties , 1-4
Multi-property entries , 1-4, 8-11
Pure Component Invariant Property
O
Constants , 8-7
Required Data for All Non-solid olefin , 6-1
Components , 8-4
Olefins , 6-10
Required Pure Component Data For Property
Generators , 8-3 olefins , 6-10
Special Stream Refinery Properties , 8-8
Temperature-dependent properties , 1-4, 8-11
Temperature-dependent special properties , 1-5, P
8-13
User-defined special refinery properties , 1-4
paraffin , 6-1
van der Waals parameters , 8-11
paraffins , 6-10
Component Structural Data for UNIFAC , 1-5
Petroleum Component , 6-1
CUTPOINTS , 6-2
characterization , 6-2
IX-1 Index
cutpoints , 6-2 syncomp , 6-1
Petroleum Component Characterizations , 1-2, 6-2 Synfuel Component Definition , 1-2, 6-8
Petroleum Component Properties , 6-1 Synfuel Liquids Definition , 6-10
Petroleum Components , 1-6 synliq , 6-1
Pure Component Library
Most Common Components , 3-1
Sorted Alphabetically , 4-1 T
Sorted by Formula , 5-1
Pure Component Properties Data for Solids , 7-3 TDM , 1-5
Thermo Data Manager , 1-5
S
U
Solid Attributes , 1-2
Solid Component Properties UNIFAC Data , 1-6
Examples , 7-3
UNIFAC Structural Groups
General Information , 7-1
Component Structural Data for UNIFAC , 9-1
Pure Component Properties , 7-2
Examples , 9-2
Solid Attributes , 7-2
UNIFAC Interaction Groups , 9-3
Solid Components , 1-6