Ashton Rose

ISM- Period 7

"Runway Marking and Lighting." Runway Marking and Lighting. N.p., n.d.
Web. 24 Mar. 2017.

Runways may intersect each other.

Multiple runways allow the pilot to land based on how the wind and
weather is.
Crosswind can make landing a challenge with single runway.
Single, Parallel, and Open V are the most common runway set ups.
Runways can intersect near the threshold area.
Runways are identified by their compass heading
The large number at the end is the approximate compass direction.
Runways are not written in degrees.
Ex: 12 on a runway means 120 degrees.
All headings are rounded to the nearest 10.
Left Runways may have an L added to the number and vice versa for Right and centered
Runways.
Navigating around airports can vary depending on the size of the airport.
Pilots can request a Progressive taxi.
A Progressive Taxi is when the Air Traffic Controller gives a pilot detailed step by step
instructions.
Airports use lights to give directions to pilots.
Beacons with flashing green and white lights signify locations of the airport.
The difference and strobe lights allows a pilot to know whether the airport he is about to
land on is a civilian or military airport.
Civilian airports have a green followed by a white flashing light.
Military airport beacons can vary.
Some military light signals are a dual peaked green with a white light.
Others are simply just a red rotating beacon.
Runway threshold areas are parts of the runway that can only be used for taxiing and take
off.
Thresholds are always at the beginnings of the runway.
These lights are green to show the end of the threshold and beginning of the runway.
Red lights mark the ends of the runways.
Blue lights identify taxiways on the sides of the runway.
Runways have white and yellow lights to show their edges.
These lights allow pilots to know where they are and also insure safety of themselves and
other people nearby.
This source was very informative in my efforts of learning about Runways and Lighting to
help with the operations of Airports.
Ashton Rose
ISM- Period 7
 Ashton Rose
ISM- Period 7

"GA Maintains as Drones Surge." GA Maintains as Drones Surge - AOPA. Jim Moore, 23 Mar.

2017. Web. 26 Mar. 2017.

Drones added to Federal Aviation Administration.

General aviation pilots may decline.
Projections estimate more remote pilots than general aviation pilots.
Drone pilots use part 107 from the Aviation Regulations.
The new regulations were put in place in August.
Surge estimated to happen around 2018.
The FAA has made many conservative estimates.
These estimates are based on several things.
Forecast, amount of drones, and number of pilots willing to fly drones are factored into
these estimated numbers.
The highest estimates have drone pilots out numbering General Aviation pilots.
Many assumptions have been made.
These assumptions are in economic forecasts and FAA models.
The FAA Aerospace Forecast 2017-2037 that was released March 21.(Moore)
This packet includes charts, graphs, and explanations.
The growth of General Aviation is still seen as stable with many people optimistic about
it.
Although many pilots will be retiring in the future a steady flow of young pilots are still
coming in.
The General Aviation fleet is expected to grow about 3400 new aircraft over 20 years.
Recreational Drones already outnumber the number of the General Aviation Fleet.
There are an estimated 11 million drones that are currently being used.
The estimated number of GA Aircraft is significantly less.
Commercial use of drones is also expected to increase in the next few years.
Many of these changes are dependent on new regulations from the FAA.
Many agencies have seen the potential of using drones for their companies.
The amount of piston driven GA aircraft has decreased over the years.
Turbine engines have been increased and are expected to pass piston driven aircraft.

This source was very informative about the direction of General Aviation flights versus
drone flying in the near future.
 Ashton Rose
ISM- Period 7

"Cessna 152 Aircraft History, Specification and Information." AirplaneMart.com - Used

Airplanes and Aircraft For Sale. Airplane Mart, 3 Jan. 2011. Web. 26 Mar. 2017.

Delivered in 1977.
Modernized the Cessna 150 Model.
The 152 was supposed to be competition with the Beechcraft and Piper Aircraft.
These 3 Airplanes were all released in the same year.
The design was intended to improve the gross weight to 1670 pounds.
Reduced Cabin and exterior noise.
Is able to run on 100LL fuel.
Many is the 152s were built in Wichita, Kansas.
They were also built in Reams, France.
The ones that were built in France were given a different distinction.
Cessna ended production in 1985.
7,584 Cessnas were built by the time production ended.
In 2007 Cessna had plans to build s light sport aircraft called the 162 Skycatcher.
All 152s with a Lycoming 0-235 engine.
Other Aircraft used the Continental 0-200 engine.
In reams they used a Rolls-Royce 0-240-A engine.
The Lycoming engine was more compatible with the new 100LL fuel that was being
used, and also had increased engine power.
These engine had 110 Horsepower.
Succeeded in 1983 by the 108hp 0-235-N2C engine.
Different piston design for this engine.
Also had a redesigned combustion chamber.
The N2C engine was used until production ended in 1985.
The Airframe is made of all metal.
Mostly and aluminum alloy.
Components like wing tips and fairings are made out of fiberglass.
The skin is riveted for extra support.
The wings have a strut brace design.
The ends of the wing have 1 degree of washout.
This improves the aileron effectiveness during a stall.
This is less than the 3 degrees used in Cessna 172.
Dual controls are also available and optional.
The ailerons more 20 degrees up and only 15 degrees down.
The rudder is able to move 23 degrees left or right.
An adjustable trim tab was also added.
Equipped with tricycle landing gear.
 Ashton Rose
ISM- Period 7

This article was effective since it is the airplane that I am currently flying in flight school.
Mark, Rob. "The Wait for ATC Privatization Is Over as White House Budget

Emerges." Flying Magazine. Bonnier Corporation, 16 Mar. 2017. Web. 27 Mar. 2017.
New effort to privatize the nations Air Traffic Control System.
Added to the new upcoming budget.
Expected to ignite efforts in the general aviation community.
ATC privatizations is focused on 2 main issues.
Who will be in controlled of this new ATC?
How much will the new ATC cost and will it be more efficient.
Proposed board of directors that heavily influenced by the airlines.
Uses of this system will be the ones who fund it.
Airlines will be able to pass the cost down to passengers.
This isnt as easy for General Aviation Pilots.
This is a new White House proposal.
Separating ATC from the FAA
This separation is intended to create an independent non-governmental organization.
More innovative system.
FAA Administrator doesnt support privatization.
Major Airlines agree that this change is taking too long to be put into plan.
They also think that it is costing more than it needs to
The current ATC is causing ma y problems for Pilots.
The National Air Traffic Controllers Associations represents about 14,000 Air Traffic
Controllers.
Controllers still face staffing and system modernization issues.
Although there are many problems members of congress have opposed this idea.
Some people believe all of this is just chaos.
Although it seems cheaper for airliners General Aviation Pilots will have to pay increased
fees.
The FAA is struggling with proposing new things that benefit all pilots.
The name of this plan is called The Next Gen Plan.
New efficiencies have still not been disclosed to the public people.
Next Gen has provided the industry in past decades.

This source was very helpful since I am currently working on my private pilot license and
will have to worry about these things when I start flying by myself.