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Not designed
Lecture is not designed to teach you to work on electrical
equipment.
You will not be qualified to work with electrical devices.
In India
Almost 12 people die due to electrocution every day
42 % of total fires occur due to electrical sources
8% deaths that occur in factories are due to electricity
In US
25% of all fires occur due to electricity
400 deaths from job related electrical accidents per
year
Electrocution - the fifth leading cause of death
Fundamentals of Electrical Hazards
Circuit Element
objects which are part of a circuit and through which
current flows.
Fault
current flow through an unintended path.
Grounding
Protection from electric shock
normally a secondary protection measure
Fundamentals of Electricity
Taking Ohm's Law for voltage, current, and resistance,
and expressing it in terms of current for a given voltage
and resistance, we have:
I = V/ R, Current = Voltage/Resistance
It is the electric current that burns tissue, freezes
muscles, and fibrillates hearts. However, electric current
doesn't just occur on its own, there must be voltage
available to motivate flow of electrons. A person's body
also presents resistance to current, which must be taken
into account.
Fundamentals of Electricity
Current Reaction
Below 1 milliampere Generally not perceptible
1 mA Faint tingle
5 mA Slight shock felt; not painful but disturbing. Average individual can let
go. Strong involuntary reactions can lead to other injuries.
The "let-go" current is the highest amperage at which you will still be able to pull your
hand away when you receive a shock.
Electrical shock
Even though there may be no external signs from some
of the electrical shock, internal tissue or organ damage
may have occurred.
Signs of internal damage may not surface immediately;
and when it does, it may be too late.
Using the correct personal protective equipment (PPE)
and following safe work practices will minimize risk of
electrical shock hazards. Any person experiencing any
kind of electrical shock should seek immediate medical
attention.
Path of current through the body
There are three basic pathways electric current travels
through the body
LOAD
LOAD
connection
GEN creates fault
GEN
Improper insulation
Outlet overload Extension cords
Ventilation
Solvent Transfer
All AC appliances should work fine with just two wires, but what happens if a wire
comes loose inside and touches the case?
If you touch this defective appliance, Grounding the case of the
you will complete the circuit to ground. defective appliance with a 3-wire
The fuse may or may not blow plug should protect you by
depending on where the short is in the completing the circuit and blowing
appliance and how much flows through the fuse.
you.
Electrical Protection
Circuit Breakers
Provided to protect EQUIPMENT not
people
Do not reset breakers with a line voltage
higher than 120V and only reset if you
know why it tripped.
Anytime a circuit has been de-energized
by the operation of an over current
protective device by a short circuit or
ground-fault, the circuit must be checked
by a qualified person to determine if it
can be reenergized safely.
Image courtesy: Google Images
Electrical Protection
Ground fault circuit
interrupters (GFCI)
The GFCI is designed to
protect people from severe
or fatal electric shocks
Because a GFCI detects
ground faults, it can also
prevent some electrical
fires and reduce the
severity of others by
interrupting the flow of
electric current.
Image courtesy: Google Images
What is guarding and what protection does
it offer?
Guarding involves locating or enclosing electric
equipment to make sure people dont
accidentally come into contact with its live parts.
Effective guarding requires equipment with
HIGH
exposed parts operating at 50 volts or more to VOLTAGE