CMPE 150 Winter 09

Lecture 2

Januaryy 8,, 2009

P.E. Mantey
 CMPE 150 -- Introduction to
Computer Networks
Instructor: Patrick Mantey
mantey@soe.ucsc.edu
htt //
http://www.soe.ucsc.edu/~mantey/
d / t /
Office: Engr. 2 Room 595J
Office hours: Tuesday 3-5 PM
TA: Anselm Kia akia@soe.ucsc.edu
Web site: http://www.soe.ucsc.edu/classes/cmpe150/Winter09/
Text: Tannenbaum: Computer p Networks
(4th edition available in bookstore, etc. )
Syllabus
 Assignment #1

Available on the web site:

http://www.soe.ucsc.edu/classes/cmpe150/Winter09/

Due Thursday January 15, 2009

Todays Agenda
Big Picture, terminology
Networking Overview (continued)
Protocol Concepts
Networkk Software
f
Architecture(s)
History (ARPA Net, NSF Net)
Networks Today: ATMATM, Ethernet
Ethernet, etc
etc.
Network Hardware
Local Area Networks
Metropolitan Area Networks

Wide Area Networks

Wireless Networks

Home Networks

Internetworks
Classification of Networks by
Transmission Technologies
Broadcast
Selection by addressing
Multicast
Point to Point
Point-to-Point
unicast
Classification of interconnected
processors by scale
 Home Network Categories
Computers (desktop PC, PDA, shared peripherals
Entertainment (TV
(TV, DVD
DVD, VCR
VCR, camera,
camera stereo
stereo,
MP3)
Telecomm (telephone
(telephone, cell phone,
phone intercom,
intercom fax)
Appliances (furnace, air conditioner, oven, clothes
dryer pool pump,
dryer, pump lights,
lights microwave,
microwave refigerator..)
refigerator )
Telemetry (utility meter, burglar alarm,
babycam).
babycam)
Local Area Networks

Two broadcast networks

(a) Bus
us
(b) Ring (e.g. IEEE 802.5)
 Metropolitan Area Networks

A metropolitan
t lit area network
t kbbasedd on cable
bl TV
-- New alternative is WiMax IEEE 802.16
 Wide Area Networks

Relation between hosts on LANs and the subnet.

 Wide Area Networks (2)

A stream of packets from sender to receiver-routers

receiver routers
store and forward packet switching
 Wireless Networks
Categories off wireless
networks:
System interconnection
Master/slave
Wireless
Wi l LANs
LAN (e.g.
( 802.11)
802 11)
Wireless WANs (e.g. 802.16)
Wireless Networks
(a) Bluetooth configuration
(b) Wireless LAN
Protocols
Used
U d for
f communications
i i between
b entities
i i ini a
system
Must speak the same language
Entities
User applications
pp
e-mail facilities

terminals

Systems
Computer

Terminal
T i l
Remote sensor
Layered Architecture
Each layer offers a service
Details of how service is offered in
hidden
Each layer talks to the layer
immediatley above and the layer
below
protocol: communication rules
Key Elements of a Protocol
Syntax
Data formats
Signal levels
Semantics
Control information
E
Error h
handling
dli
Timing
Speed matching
Sequencing
Network Software
Protocol Hierarchies

Layers, protocols, and interfaces.

Protocol Architecture
Task of communication broken up into
modules
For example file transfer could use
three modules
File transfer application
Communication service module
Network access module
Connection-Oriented and
Connectionless Services

Si different
Six diff types off service.
i
Service Primitives

Five service primitives for implementing a

simple connection
connection-oriented
oriented service
(Tannenbaum, pg. 35-6)
 Service Primitives (2)

Packets sent in a simple client-server

interaction on a connection-oriented
connection oriented network
network.
Services to Protocols
Relationship

The
e relationship
e at o s p bet
between
ee a se
service
ce a
and
dap
protocol.
otoco
 Simplified File Transfer
Architecture

Stallings Chapter 1
A Three Layer Model

Application Layer
Transport Layer
Network Access Layer
Network Access Layer
Exchange of data between the
computer and the network
Sending computer provides address of
destination
May invoke levels of service
Dependent
d on type off networkk used
d
(LAN, packet switched etc.)
Transport Layer
Reliable data exchange
Independent of network being used
Independent of application
Application Layer
Support for different user applications
e g e-mail
e.g. e-mail, file transfer
Addressing Requirements
Two levels of addressing required
Each computer needs unique network
address
Each application on a (multi-tasking)
(multi tasking)
computer needs a unique address
within the computer
The service access point or SAP
 Protocol Architectures and
Networks

Stallings Chapter 1
 Protocols in Simplified
Architecture

Stallings Chapter 1
 Protocol Data Units (PDU)
At each layer, protocols are used to communicate
Control information is added to user data at each layer
Transport layer may fragment user data
E h fragment
Each f th
has a ttransportt h
header
d added
dd d
Destination SAP

Sequence number

Error detection code

This gives a transport protocol data unit

Network PDU
Adds network header
network address for destination computer
Facilities requests
Operation of a Protocol
Architecture
TCP/IP Protocol Architecture
Developed by the US Defense Advanced
Research Project Agency (DARPA) for
its packet switched network (ARPANET)
Used by the global Internet
No official model but a working one.
TCP/IP Reference Model
Application layer
Transport
p layer
y (Host-to-host
( layer)
y )
Internet layer
Host-to-Network
Host to Network layer
Network access layer
Physical
y layer
y
Physical Layer
Physical interface between data
transmission device ((e.g.
g computer)
p )
and transmission medium or network
Characteristics of transmission medium
Signal levels
Multiplexing / demultiplexing
Data rates
etc
etc.
Network Access Layer
y
(Host-to-Network Layer)
Exchange of data between end system
and network
Destination address provision
Invoking services like priority
Internet (Network) Layer (IP)
Systems may be attached to different
networks
Routing functions across multiple
networks
Implemented in end systems and
routers
Transport Layer (TCP)
Reliable delivery of data
Ordering of delivery
Application Layer
Support for user applications
e g http
e.g. http, SMPT
 TCP/IP Protocol Architecture
Model

Stallings Chapter 1
OSI Model
Open Systems Interconnection
Developed by the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO)
Seven layers
A theoretical system delivered too late!
TCP/IP is the de facto standard
OSI Layers
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
OSI vs TCP/IP (From Stallings, Ch. 1)
 Internet Layering
Level 5 -- Application Layer
(rlogin, ftp, SMTP, POP3, IMAP, HTTP..)
Level 4 -- Transport Layer(a.k.a Host-to-Host)
(TCP, UDP, ARP, ICMP, etc.)
Level 3 -- Network Layer (a.k.a.
(a k a Internet) (IP)
Level 2 -- (Data) Link Layer / MAC sub-layer
(a.k.a.
(a k a Network Interface or
Network Access Layer)
Level 1 -- Physical Layer