1.

(a) Award TWO marks for all four changes correctly classified: 2
Yes No

bread
ice
paper
plasticine

or
If you are unable to award two marks, award ONE mark for a correct
classification of three of the changes. 1
[2]

2. (a) Award ONE mark for: 1m

50

(b) Award ONE mark for an understanding that the mass has decreased: 1m
it went down;
it is less;
it gets lighter.
Allow: a numerical response that implicitly indicates a decrease in mass:
it has changed from 50g to 30g;
it has gone down by 20g ( 2).

Do not give credit for a numerical response

that implies an upward trend:
it went up by 20g;
it changed from 30g to 50g.
Do not give credit for an insufficient
response:
it is a straight line;
it is sloping down; [these describe the
line, not the mass of the sponge];
it has changed;
it changed by 20g; [do not indicate
direction of change].

John Buchan Middle School 1

 (c) Award ONE mark for an indication of evaporation: 1m
evaporation;
evaporating.
Allow:
the liquid becoming a gas.
Do not give credit for an insufficient
response that indicates the presence of liquid
water in the pan of the scales:
the water leaking out;
dripping.
Do not give credit for an insufficient
response:
drying [given in stem].

(d) Award ONE mark for: 1m

30g
(e) Award ONE mark for all three 1m
answers correct:
Bob : true
Ruth : false
Komal : true

3. (a) Award ONE mark for indicating the amount of time planned for the investigation: 1
2 hours.
Do not give credit for an insufficient
response:
from 9 until 11.

(b) Award ONE mark for recognising that the investigation took a different 1
amount of time than planned:
the time he left the sweet
he did not leave it as long as he said he would
(he changed) the time (it took).
ONE mark may be awarded for:
he left it for 20 minutes
he did not leave the sweet until 11.00
he ended his investigation at 9.20
the sweet took less time to dissolve (than
he thought).

John Buchan Middle School 2

 Do not give credit for a response that
includes incorrect science:
the temperature.

Do not give credit for an insufficient

response that describes the outcome rather
than the change in the plan:
the sweet dissolved.

Do not give credit for an insufficient

response indicating Peter took photos:
he took some photos of the sweet.

(c) Award ONE mark for a conclusion relating to dissolving which is consistent 1
with the evidence:
the sweet has dissolved
the time taken for the sweet to dissolve was 20 minutes
the water got darker as the sweet dissolved.
ONE mark may be awarded for an
observational response:
the sweet cannot be seen after 20 minutes
the water changed colour.

Do not give credit for a response that

includes incorrect science which goes
beyond the evidence:
if you leave a sweet in your mouth it will
melt
the sweet takes 2 hours to dissolve in
50cm3 of cold water
the more you keep it in water, the more it
dissolves
the sweet dissolved in his mouth.

Do not give credit for an insufficient

response:
it disappeared/has gone
it could not have melted.

John Buchan Middle School 3

 (d) Award ONE mark for: 1

a hot place

[4]

4. (a) Award ONE mark for: 1

a prediction

(b) Award ONE mark for: 1

melting
melt(s).
Do not give credit for an insufficient
response:
liquefies [describes the formation of a
liquid, but this occurs with other
processes as well].

(c) Award ONE mark for: 1

The table shows that the ice is insulated by the plastic bags so that
the ice changes to water more slowly.

(d) Award ONE mark for: 1

0C
[4]

5. (a) Award ONE mark for correctly completing both rows of the table: 1

Change Is the change reversible?

evaporation yes
condensation yes

John Buchan Middle School 4

 (b) Award ONE mark for: 1

(c) Award ONE mark for an indication that the rain will become solid or will change 1
to snow or hail:
it will freeze
it will turn into snow/hail/ice
it will solidify.
Do not give credit for an insufficient
response:
the rain/water will cool down [given].
Do not give credit for an insufficient
response that is ambiguous:
the water becomes hard.
Additional guidance
[3]

6. (a) Award ONE mark for a response that indicates sugar dissolves: 1
the sugar dissolves;
it forms a solution.
Do not give credit for an insufficient
response:
it mixes with water.

(b) Award ONE mark for a response describing the evaporation of the water: 1
the water evaporates;
it changes into water vapour.
Allow:
it boils.
Do not give credit for a response that
includes incorrect science implying the sugar
evaporates with the water:
the mixture will evaporate/change to
water vapour.
Do not give credit for an insufficient
response describing what happens to the
whole mixture not just the water:
it bubbles;
it goes golden brown.

John Buchan Middle School 5

 (c) Award ONE mark for: 1

temperature

(d) Award ONE mark for: 1

Wood is a poor conductor of heat

(e) Award ONE mark for a response stating that the mixture has cooled: 1
the tray cooled the mixture down;
the temperature of the mixture has dropped;
it cooled down.
Allow:
it has frozen.
Do not give credit for an insufficient
response:
it goes hard because water evaporates;
it dries up [enough water does not
evaporate when it is poured into the tray];
the mixture solidifies/goes hard/ sets.
Do not give credit for an insufficient
response referring to a procedure:
they put it in a tray;
the tray has been in a freezer (given).
[5]

7. (a) Award ONE mark for all three parts of the bottle labelled correctly: 1
solid
....................

gas
....................

liquid
....................

John Buchan Middle School 6

 (b) Award ONE mark for: 1

B C A

Do not give credit for an insufficient

response that does not identify each child but
only gives the correct times taken to smell
the varnish:

5 12 20

(c) Award ONE mark for: 1

(d) Award TWO marks for all four rows correctly completed: 2

Question Solid Liquid Gas

Which forms during
evaporation?
Which keeps its own
shape?
Which forms during
condensation?
Which spreads out to fill
any sized container?

or If you are unable to award two marks, award ONE mark for any two or three rows
correct.
[5]

John Buchan Middle School 7

8. (a) Award ONE mark for both rows of the table completed correctly: 1

Material/Object Flexible Hard Transparent

aluminium foil

wax candle

wooden rolling pin

plastic food wrap

glass

(b) Award ONE mark for describing a use of foil that requires it to be flexible: 1
wrapping up food;
to bend it around food.

ONE mark may be awarded for describing a

use of foil where the need for it to be flexible
is implied:
to cook a chicken in it;
to put your sandwiches in;
to seal take-away cartons;
covering oven dishes.

Do not give credit for an insufficient

property that gives a use unrelated to being
flexible:
it does not burn in the oven.

(c) Award TWO marks for all three correct boxes ticked: 2
cooling water
freezing water
into ice

dissolving salt
in water
or
If you are unable to award two marks, award ONE mark for ticking any two 1
of the correct boxes.

John Buchan Middle School 8

 (d) (i) Award ONE mark for: 1
condensation.
(ii) Award ONE mark for a response indicating that the water inside 1
the pan evaporates:
the water evaporates;
the water inside the pan turns to water vapour (when the water boils);
it changes to a gas.

ONE mark may be awarded for an

observation implying the water evaporates:
the water turns to steam.
Do not give credit for a response that
includes incorrect science indicating the gas
will disappear:
the water will turn to water vapour which
disappears.

Do not give credit for an insufficient

response:
the water disappears;
the water boils;
the pan goes/boils dry;
steam;
it will turn into condensation;
water vapour.
[6]

9. (a) (i) Award ONE mark for a response that names or describes evaporation: 1
the (hot) water evaporates;
it changes into water vapour;
it evaporates.

(ii) Award ONE mark for a response that names or describes condensation: 1
the water vapour condenses into liquid;
the (cold) plate causes the evaporated water to condense;
the water vapour turns back into liquid;
it condenses.

John Buchan Middle School 9

 ONE mark may be awarded for:
it evaporates/changes into steam.
ONE mark may be awarded if evaporation is
the only process named or described.
ONE mark may be awarded for:
the steam condenses/changes into water.
ONE mark may be awarded if condensation
is the only process named or described.

Do not give credit in both a)i) and a)ii) for a

response that includes incorrect science
indicating that the water comes from the
melting ice:
water from the melting ice cubes drips
through/underneath the plate.

Do not give credit in either a)i) or a)ii) for a

response that includes incorrect science
despite using the words evaporation and/or
condensation:
the gas evaporates and then condenses so
that liquid forms under the plate [mark
for a)i) only cannot be awarded];
the water condenses because of the heat and turns into
water vapour [mark for a)ii) cannot be awarded];
the heat touches the cold plate and condenses [mark for
a)ii) cannot be awarded].

Do not give credit in either a)i) or a)ii) for a

response that includes incorrect science
where steam is referred to as a liquid:
the steam evaporates [mark for a)i) cannot be awarded];
the gas cools and changes into steam on the bottom of
the plate [mark for a)ii) cannot be awarded].

Do not give credit for an insufficient

response:
hot air condenses on the plate [there is likely to be water
vapour in the air, but this needs to be explicit].

(b) Award ONE mark for labelling the horizontal axis with time and 1
giving minutes as the unit of measurement:
time (in) mins.
ONE mark may be awarded for:
minutes;
how long it takes in minutes.

John Buchan Middle School 10

 Do not give credit for a response that
includes incorrect science giving the units of
time as anything other than minutes:
time (seconds);
hours;
seconds;
time (m) [m is the unit of measurement
for metres].

Do not give credit for an insufficient

response:
time [does not give units];
how long [does not give units and could refer to length].

(c) Award ONE mark for an explanation that salt increases the rate of melting: 1
salt makes ice melt quicker;
ice melts more quickly when salt is added.
ONE mark may be awarded for:
the water comes through the funnel faster
when he adds salt;
salt melts the ice better;
ice melts easier with salt.

Do not give credit for an insufficient

response:
water melts quicker with salt;
the salt melts the ice quickly [the ice melts
without salt as well];
ice melts without salt;
salt affects the rate at which ice melts;
[these responses do not describe the effect
of adding salt].

(d) Award ONE mark for: 1

He did not try different

amounts of salt.
[5]

John Buchan Middle School 11

10. (a) Award ONE mark for an indication that the jumper is heavier because it has 1
absorbed water:
it has absorbed some water;
it has soaked in water.
ONE mark may be awarded for:
it is wet/damp;
it has water on it;
they are weighing some water with the
jumper.

(b) Award ONE mark for: 1

evaporation.
Do not give credit for an insufficient
response:
dripping [this will not dry the jumper
completely].
Do not give credit for an insufficient
response describing the process:
the water in the jumper turns into a gas.

(c) Award ONE mark for: 1

7 hours.
ONE mark may be awarded for a response
indicating that the jumper dries in between 6
and 7 hours exclusively.

(d) Award ONE mark for a response indicating an increase in temperature 1

and/or wind:
it was hotter (the next day);
the wind was stronger;
on the first day it was colder and there was less wind.
Give credit for a correct response that goes
beyond the key stage 2 programme of study:
it was drier/less humid.
ONE mark may be awarded for:
the sun was brighter;
it was sunnier.

John Buchan Middle School 12

 Do not give credit for an insufficient
response where no clear comparison of
the weather types is made:
it might be windy;
it could have been sunny;
it was hot;
the weather was nicer/better.

Do not give credit for an insufficient

response that describes a different method of
washing/drying the jumper:
they hung it out at a different time;
they hung it in a different place;
there was less water in it at the start;
the washing machine was spinning
more quickly.

Do not give credit for an insufficient

response indicating that the jumper
changed during the washing process
and therefore dried more quickly:
it had shrunk;
it had been washed before so it was
smaller;
it was no longer brand new.
[4]

11. (a) Award ONE mark for: 1

freeze/freezing/frozen.
ONE mark may be awarded for:
solidifies;
becomes solid.
Do not give credit for an insufficient
response:
solid;
frosted.

John Buchan Middle School 13

 (b) Award ONE mark for an unambiguous indication of 4C 1
(below 3C and above 5C) marked on/near the thermometer:

(c) Award ONE mark for correctly labelling all three bars on the graph: 1

Time for
ice cube
to melt
(minutes)

Test B Test C Test A

ONE mark may be awarded for:

Time for
ice cube
to melt
(minutes)

Test salt Test flour Test uncovered

Do not give credit for an insufficient

response giving the times taken for the ice to
melt in place of identifying le

(d) Award ONE mark for: 1

Flour insulates ice.

[4]

12. (a) Award ONE mark for: 1

water evaporating

(b) Award ONE mark for both statements correctly classified: 1

True False
from water produced by condensation
from water vapour in the air

John Buchan Middle School 14

 (c) Award ONE mark for an understanding that rain water is not salty because only 1
the water evaporates and the salt does not:
water evaporates but salt does not;
only water evaporates;
salt does not evaporate with the water.
Do not give credit for an insufficient
response:
the (sea) water evaporates [does not
indicate what happens to the salt].
[3]

John Buchan Middle School 15