HEALTH PROMOTION

Type 1 Diabetes - Usually Type 2 Diabetes - Usually

diagnosed in childhood. occurs in adulthood.
Affected by hereditary. When, body is incapable
of responding to insulin.

DIABETES

Glucose enters the

bloodstream, from food
we eat. The pancreas
then fails to make
enough insulin.

Type 3: Gestational Type 4: Pre-diabetes -

Diabetes - Blood sugar Starts with unhealthy
levels are high during eating habits &
pregnancy in women. inadequate exercise.
 Thirst, Blurry
vision and
Fatigue

High blood Weight loss,

levels of vomiting and
glucose, sores that do not
hunger SYMPTO heal
MS

Painful *In some

urination & cases, there
frequent are no
urination symptoms at

Heart, Eyes, Long-term

Nervous system, complications include
Your WHOLE stroke, peripheral
body. vascular disease

Kidneys (direct
result from large Hypertension,
amounts of EFFECT & urinary
protein being infections, and
TREATMEN
deposited into coronary
the urine)
T artery disease

Insulin is injected Oral therapy, BIGUANIDES /

subcutaneously as (METFORMIN),
the first-line SULFONYLUREAS /
treatment. (GLIBENCLAMIDE)
 Reconstruction of Performed to impro
coetaneous or underl ve and correct a
ying tissue structural defect.

Remove scar,
birthmark, or COSMETIC Blepharoplasty,
normal SURGERY Rhinoplasty,
evidence of aging Rhytidoplasty.
.

Type 1: FACE Type 2: BODY

Eyelid Surgery Body

(Blepharoplasty) Liposuction AND
AND Rhinoplasty Breast
Augmentation
 Increased self- Improved Physical
confidence Health

Improvement to Rhinoplasty or nose

appearance naturally reshaping surgery may
translates to increase improve breathing at
self-confidence for more the same time it
people. improves the aesthetics
of the nose

More
Enhanced ADVANTAGE opportunities
mental health
S AND RISK Some studies
suggest that people
Can be gained
from cosmetic that are more
surgery attractive may enjoy
procedures as more professional
well. and personal
opportunities.

Wrong doctor or a The doctor may not

bad doctor could use sterile equipment,
make you worse which could result in
Other doctors may
than you were infection or hematoma
perform a procedure
before you went in that results in
for the surgery. irregularities,
asymmetries,
puckers, divots and
dimples.
 Obesity is high
amount of fat in a
body. Obesity is not
This formula will give
about more weight,
you your body mass
its about more fat.
index (BMI).

OBESIT
Y
Medication
Emotional factors
High price and access
to healthy food Family lifestyle
Pregnancy Age

Excessive food energy intake

(diet)

Lack of physical activity

Genes

Medical condition
BMI with 30 is Joint disease
considered obese and depression
and breathing
disorder.

Symptom
and
Prevention

Eating healthy Exercise regularly

meals and snacks
Physical activities
Avoiding saturated such as fast walking
fat and limit sweets
Monitoring weight
& alcohol
regularly

ACQUIRED IMMUNE
HUMAN DEFICIENCY
IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME
VIRUS
The last stage of HIV
Attacks the Immune infection. A group of
System and destroys symptoms & signs of
the bodys defenses disease that occur
against diseases. together.
 HIV/AI
DS

Unprotected Direct blood

sexual contact - contact-Share of
Without condom needle.
usage while having
Mother to child-
vaginal or anal sex
HIV carrier will
transmit the virus
to her baby.

Rapid Weight
Loss
Recurring Fever
or Profuse Night
Sweats
 Extreme and
Unexplained
Tiredness
Swollen Lymph
Nodes

Symptoms
and
Prevention

Consider male
circumcision.
Dont inject drugs.
Get tested and know
Use a clean
your partners HIV
needle.
status.
If you're pregnant,
Talk to your health
get medical care
care provider about
right away.
pre-exposure
prophylaxis (PrEP).
 WATER
Most important
and basic
CARBOHYDRAT
PROTEIN nutrient
ES
Maintenance of Provide you with
the body. the energy that you
need to get through

NUTRITIO
N VITAMINS
FIBER
Nutrition is the Essential for body
Indigestible substances that you growth, function,
take into your body maintenance and
as food and the way repair.
that they influence
your health.

MINERAL FAT
Inorganic Store energy
compounds. Aid in Bone and teeth
Heart
energy Health
production strength
Should& take
body- foods of
Calcium - keeps
maintenance.
any fruits or vegetables (
bones healthy and
4 to 5 servings per day
each ) teeth strong,
prevents bone loss
Should AVOID -
which may associate
Saturated fats and trans
with oestoporosis.
fats ( mainly found in red
meats, fried foods, etc.)
And packaged foods.
 Benefits
of Proper
Nutrition
Energy Brain Health
Increased energy levels Increases blood flow,
Eliminating fats, sugars protecting brain cells
and refined Weight Control and help preventing
carbohydrates helps Alzheimer disease
Helps in burning food
prevent blood sugar >AVOID -fry fried foods,
fluctuations. calories, reduces risk favor baked, steamed
Maintaining constant in obesity-related and grilled foods
energy levels - conditions such as >EAT - dark fruits and
unprocessed type-2 diabetes, vegetables, almonds,
carbohydrates such as clogged arteries and peacans, and other nuts
whole grains, fruits and (vitamin E)
thyroid dysfunction.
vegetables.

Spring
Water
Natural Table
Mineral Water
Water
WATER
Meet fluid needs.
Obtainable from
foods and
beverages

Regulate body Lubricate and

temperature. cushion joints.

Protect spinal Eliminate

cord and body wastes.
tissues.
Weather
Physical Illness
Activity

Factors/Ri
sk of
Water
Intake

Kidney Lower mental

and physical
Stones performance

Salivary Dehydratio
glands
n
underperform
Migraine without
Aura

Most common
symptoms are
sensitivity to light,
noise, smells and
 Ophthalmoplegic
Migraine
Migraine with Aura
Symptoms include
Refers to range of dilation of the pupils,
Neurological inability to move the
disturbances that occur eye upward, downward
before headache or across & drooping of
begins. the upper eyelid.

MIGRAINE
A moderate or severe
headache as a throbbing,
pain on one side of the
head and can be frequent
or occasionally.

Hemiplegic Migraine Migraine aura

Reversible paralysis
occurs. Symptoms can
be indicative of other
diseases.
without headache
Basilar Migraine
Most common
Occurs when circulation in
the back of the brain or symptoms are blind
neck is affected. spot, flashing lights &
zig - zag patterns.
Symptoms such as loss of
balance, double & blurred
vision, difficulty in
speaking and fainting.
 Medications

Stress

Sensory stimuli
Changes in
Hormonal environment
changes
Physical factors
Foods
Changes in
Drinks wake-sleep
pattern

Factors and
Remedies

Herbs
Ice packs
Herb butterbur, it
- An anti- supports healthy
inflammatory blood flow to the
brain

Dry-leaf capsules

Relaxation Techniques

Massage, ease neck & shoulder

spasms

Tai chi, increases body awareness

Yoga, which focuses on mindfulness

such as hatha and restorative yoga

Type 1 diabetes: Type 2 diabetes:

Usually diagnosed Most common

in childhood
Occurs in
adulthood mostly
 Type 3 Type 4 Pre
Gestational diabetes:
diabetes:
Starts with
Blood sugar levels unhealthy eating
are high in habits and
pregnant women irregular exercise

Diabetes
Diabetes can be referred to as a
chronic disease characterized by
high levels of sugar in the blood.

High blood levels Painful urination Sores that dont

of glucose heal
Frequent urination
Blurry vision Frequent hunger
Vomiting
Fatigue Weight loss
Nausea
Thirst In some cases
there are no
symptoms at all

Long term
Diabetes can Nervous system
complications like
affect stores, Skin
hypertension,
Heart urinary infections Whole system
etc of the body
Kidneys
Cardiovascular Heart diseases
Eyes
diseases
 Effect and
Prevention

Prevention Exercising No smoking

starts with a regularly
Check blood
better Regular sugar levels
lifestyle checkups
Take less
Eating Medication stress
healthy

HEART
ATTACK
 A Sudden and Sometimes Fatal Occurrence of Coronary
Thrombosis

Flow of Oxygen-Rich Blood to a Section of Heart Muscle

Suddenly Becomes Blocked

Heart Cant Get Oxygen

If Blood Flow Isnt Restored Quickly, the Section of Heart

Muscle Begins To Die

May Result In Death

MEN WOMEN

Chest Discomfort Middle Chest Discomfort

Chest Pressure (Elephant Neck, Back, Both Arms &
Sit on Chest) Stomach Discomfort
Upper Body Discomfort A Cold Sweat
Shortness of Breath Vomiting
Rapid or Irregular Heart Fainting or Light-
Beat headedness

Regular exercise Extreme Fatigue

(best preventive
medicine for
heart health)

Exercise keeps
cholesterol and blood
pressure down

Maintain a healthy
weight
Taking low-
dose aspirin
daily
To preventive
Eat healthy
measure to reduce
heart attack risk

What to Do
and What Not
To Do

Not to Be Smoke & Beer

Hypochondriacs & Alcohol Will Increase Blood
Negative Circulation

Patient after Heart Attack, Its Angry

Common to Have Negative
Feelings

Not to Eat Oily Food

 Causes of myopia
Original meaning of
Diabetes
Myopia Family history
Woking up close
to look at something
with half-shut eyes. Nearsightedness Cataracts
Nearsightedness
(myopia)

Pathological Myopia

Bending distortion of straight lines

Altered colour perception
Reduced contrast sensitivity
Increasing loss of central vision

Prevent Nearsightedness
 Nearsightedness
(myopia)

Catch the problem as fast as

possible.
Regular check up if u can
see distant objects clearly
read the road sign.
Act as fast once you notice
some problem
Optometrist will prescribe
the distance of glasses
Treatment
Wearing eye glass or contact lenses-
- can help the focus of the light image
directly onto the retina.
Prescription for glasses or contact lens is
negative number
Refractive surgery can reduce or even eliminate
your dependence on glasses or contact lenses

Example how to test myopia

First take off your glasses as much as

possible
When working on the computer or doing
close work take a break few minutes and see
far things.
Massage the Chinese reflexology and point
for the eyes

An autosomal disorder it
affects chromosome 21
92 %-94% Trisomy 21
2-4 % Mosaicism
3-4% Translocation of
chromosome 21
 Incidence 3 major ethnic
groups

Malay -1 in 981
Chinese-1 in 940
Indians-1 in 860 Down

syndrome

Risk Factors
Clinical Features
Advancing maternal age-usually
women of age 35 and above 55 years life expectancy
Mothers who already have 1 child Physical appearances-Flat facial
with down syndrome profile and an upward, short
Parents who are carriers of the neck, abnormally shaped ears,
genetic translocation white spots on the iris of the eye

Neonatal Feautures

Flat facial profile

Poor Moro reflex
Excessive skin at nape of neck
Slanted palpebral fissures
Hypotonia
Hyper flexibility of joints Other health related problems

Cardiovascular problems
Endocrine problems
Gastrointestinal problems
Haematological problems
Neurological problems
Sleep problems
Mental Retardation

Almost all DS babies

have MR
Mildly to moderately
retarded

Down
syndrome
Heart Disease
Growth Endocardiac cushion defects
Weight, Length and HC are VSD
PDA
less in DS.
AR,MR
Reduced growth Rate.
Secundum ASD
Prevalence of obesity is greater
in DS.

Eye problems most common

disorders Hearing loss

-Refractory -Unilateral or bilateral

-Strabismus -conductive sensorineural or

mixed
-Nystagmus
-Otitis media is a frequent
-Cataract occur in 5% of newborns
problem 5 species EBOLA
virus

Zaire
ebolavirus
Sudan
ebolavirus
Reston
ebolavirus
Tai Forest
Ebola virus
What is Ebola

. A notoriously
deadly virus that causes
fearsome symptoms-
EBOLA
high fever
-internal
bleeding

Effect of EBOLA
How did Ebola spiral so badly out of
the patients will have Diarrhoea
control?
Pharyngitis.
the inflame of the throat and eye. The countries affected by Ebola have
causes severe damage to the skin. some of the world's lowest literacy
attacks every tissue and organ of the rates.
body except the skeletal muscles and Public-health campaigns started too
bones late and didn't reach enough people
Some of the poorest countries in Africa
with worse health systems
The international community
responded painfully
The countries most affected is
increasingly interconnected
 Precaution

Use Standard Precautions

Routine Hand washing
Handle and Dispose of Shar
Instruments Safely
Cook meat thoroughly
Environment Cleaning

EBOLA

PREVE NTION OF EBOLA

Treatment
Avoid contact with other
No specific treatment infected humans, animals
available but experimental or objects
ones Raising awareness by IEC
Frequent dehydration &BCC
Replacing lost blood Reducing human to human
Treating other infections if transmission by use of PPE
they occur Safe disposal of the dead
Timely treatment of ebola is Active surveillance Contact
difficult due to difficult tracing & monitoring
diagnosis Reporting /Notification
 4 types of Fitness

Endurance
Strength
Balance
Flexibility
The Important of Fitness

Coordination
Improves balance
Burn calories
FITNESS

How to maintain Fitness

Advantages of fitness
Make your health and fitness workout
Control Weight part as your regular schedule
Boots Energy Vary your daily exercise
Promotes Better Sleep Consider working out with personal
Fun trainer
Stress Set goal that you can meet, when you
Improve self confidence can achieve set more for next
Reduce heart disease and Look at the Nutrition
stroke Maintain a healthy lifestyle
Obesity Stretching and connecting with your
Reduce back pain body
 Best Pre-workout
foods

Banana
Oat
Wholegrain
bread

FITNESS

Working Out To Gain Muscle

Things to eat after workout
Grilled Chicken and Mixed
Vegetables
Veggie Omelet with Avocado
Salmon with Sweet Potato
Chocolate Milk
Start with basic strength training
Multi-joint strength training exercises
that allow you to lift more weight
overall
Better stimulate muscle growth.
High-intensity workouts is the key to
building muscle
Without feeling a burn, add more
weight
Simply will not get bigger unless you
challenge yourself to go all in.
 How Do You Know If You
Scoliosis is a disease Have Scoliosis?
that affects the
You may have a hump
nervous and skeletal
on your back, uneven
systems
shoulders, or uneven
hips or legs.

Scoliosis 30 states require that

students be tested for
scoliosis.

What causes scoliosis?

Congenial Scoliosis- Due to abnormal formation of bones

of the spine and is often associated with other organ
defects.
Neuromuscular Scoliosis- is due to loss of control of the
nerves or muscles that support the spine
Degenerative- may be caused by breaking down of the
discs that separate the vertebrae or by arthritis in the joints
that link them.
Idiopathic- the cause is unknown

WHO GETS SCOLIOSIS?

Approximately 2% to 3%
of Americans at age 16
have scoliosis.
Overall, girls are more
likely to be affected than
boys.
Idiopathic scoliosis is
most commonly a
condition of adolescence
affecting those ages 10
through 16.
How Is Scoliosis Diagnosed?

Most scoliosis curves are

initially detected on school
screening exams, by a
child's pediatrician or family
doctor, or by a parent.
Some clues that a child may
have scoliosis include
uneven shoulders, a
prominent shoulder blade,
uneven waist, or leaning to Scoliosis
one side

What Is The Treatment For Scoliosis?

Braces. Bracing is the usual treatment choice for

adolescents who have a spinal curve between 25
degrees to 40 degrees -- particularly if their bones
are still maturing and if they have at least 2 years
of growth remaining.

The purpose of bracing is to halt progression of the

curve. It may provide a temporary correction, but
usually the curve will assume its original
magnitude when bracing is eliminated.
 How big is the problem?

No.1 killer disease worldwide 12 million

deaths annually
Is the number one cause of death for both
The disease and
men and women in the United States
conditions that affect
In India, about 45 million people suffer from
the heart are
collectively known as coronary artery disease
heart disease.

Heart Disease

Heart Failure The most common heart diseases are

Often called congestive heart Coronary artery disease

failure which the heart cant
Coronary heart disease
pump enough blood to the
bodys organs and tissues Ischaemic heart disease
Heart failure may develop
suddenly or over many years Cardiovascular disease

Pulmonary heart disease

Hereditary heart disease

Risks factors for heart disease Gender heart disease

Hypertensive

Age Menheart
Inflammatory havedisease
a higher rate of
Genetic factors/ family cardiovascular disease
history of cardiovascular than women
Gender After menopause, the risk
Tobacco smoking for women approaches
Treatments and drugs
Diabetes mellitus that of men
Absents of key nutritional Hormone replacement
Lifestyle changes
element therapy alleviates a
Medications
Elevated cholesterol levels number
Medical of post
producers or
High blood pressure menopausal
surgery problems
Transplantation
 Heart Disease

Symptoms of coronary heart disease

Fatigue(women /elderly people)

Shortness of breath(women /elderly
people)
Shortness of breath and fatigue with
activity
It may feel heavy or like someone is
squeezing your heart. You may feel it
under your breast bone (sternum), but
also in your neck, arms, stomach, or
upper back.
Cancer is not just one
disease but many diseases
where cells grow out of
control and invade, erode
and destroy normal tissues
Cancer
Preventive measures
Don't smoke or use tobacco
Exercise for about 30 minutes
on most days of the week
Thecharacteristics of Cancer
Eat a heart-healthy diet
Maintain a healthy weight
-Lack differentiation (control)
Get enough quality sleep
abnormal
- Have Manage stress
nuclei
Get regular health screenings
- Form tumours
- Invade local tissues and
metastasize.
- Undergo angiogenesis
 Tumor
Symptom of cancer- Bleeding, moles,

Change in bowel habits

- Coughing, chest pain

And breathless

- Change in bowel habits

Dangerous cell - abnormal

Growth n type-can grow without any

Symptom

Depends o f unnecessary

Cell grow out control

Destroy normal tissue Cancer Treatment

Lack of control Three type of treatment:
Form tumours 1. Chemotherapy treatment
Cancer can cure 100% -if got treat 2.
early
Hormone therapy

3. Biological therapy
 Cancer of tumour

Benign Malignant

Tumour

Rapid Slow
Cancer

Surrounding Tissue Some

Tissue
How to Prevent Cancer

How to Prevent Cancer

.Dont use tobacco

How to avoid cancer
. Eat healthy food
. No sugar drink
.Maintain a healthy
.Stand more/ sit less
.Weight and be physically
.Eat more broccoli
Active
.Drink green tea
.Protect yourself from the
.Snack by using kiwi
Sun
.Less alcohol
. Avoid risky behaviours
.Healthy diet
. Get regular medical care
. Eat more fruit and

Vegetables, less meat

. More exercise

. Maintain healty