Id say biodiversity is a range of life on earth at all its levels, from genes to ecosystems, and

ecological and evolutionary processes that sustain it. It also means the species of life on our
mother earth and the ecological processes that support the diversity of ecosystems. On the
other hand, from what I understand from the lecture slide, biodiversity is a range of living
organisms from all sources, includes diversity within species, between species, and of
ecosystem which includes all managed or unmanaged. A key feature of biodiversity is when
diversity vary over space and time. A contraction from biological diversity is a reference to
the varied life forms on earth, plants, animals and micro-organisms, their varied genes pools
and habitats in the desert, oceans, coral reefs, forests and elsewhere. It includes the sum of
life on earth, where the genes they carry and the natural communities or ecosystem they form.
Many millions of life now exist, or have existed in the past. Biologists most often define
biodiversity as the "totality of genes, species, and ecosystems of a region". An advantage of
this definition is that it seems to describe most circumstances. There are two levels at which
biological variety can been identified: species diversity and ecosystem diversity. It is a
measure of the variety of organisms present in different ecosystems. Species diversity is the
variety of species within a habitat or a region. Some habitats, such as rainforests and coral
reefs, have many species. Others, such as salt flats or a polluted stream, have fewer.
Ecosystem diversity is the variety of ecosystems in a given place. An ecosystem is a
community of organisms and their physical environment interacting together, it can cover a
large area, such as a whole forest, or a small area, such as a pond. This can refer to genetic
variation, ecosystem variation, or species variation (number of species) within an area,
biome, or planet. The number and variety of plants, animals and other organisms that exist is
also known as biodiversity. For example, a larger number of plant species means a greater
variety of crops. Greater species diversity ensures natural sustainability for all life forms. The
two factor that contribute to biodiversity are the richness in the number of different species
available in the ecosystem, or the richness in the number of individuals of the one species.
This is because each species has a role in the ecosystem on which other organisms depend for
survival. Biodiversity makes human life on earth possible.

2. Describe with examples why biodiversity is important that it be

maintained with reference to global society:

Biodiversity increases ecosystem productivity where each species, no matter how small, all
have an important role to play. For example, a larger number of plant species means a greater
variety of crops. Besides that, greater species diversity ensures natural sustainability for all
life forms. With more plants, trees and animals the soils improved and became stronger - less
prone to erosion, drought and flooding. Biodiversity is of great importance in order
to maintain stable ecosystems. The destruction of rainforest causes erosion, loss of valuable
species and changes in climate.
In addition, human is actually relying on the biodiversity to survive because biodiversity
provide useful and necessary resources such as food and raw material of medicine. Besides,
the biodiversity is important role that working on ecosystem. It is kind of transportation of
ecosystem service. The ecosystem provides services such as protection of soil thus the
biodiversity loss is related to the reduction of ecosystem services. The varied life forms that
surround us are the source of important resources and materials we need to survive and
operate our industries. Moreover, all our food comes from plant and animal sources, if these
life forms were to cease existing man would follow them in a short time. Furthermore, the
giant industries that power our economies rely on vital raw materials from these life forms,
our civilization and the structure of our society would considerably change with the loss or
decline of these raw materials.
Plus, our environment and the varied life forms it supports has been a source of relaxation,
inspiration and comfort for man for many years. Also, the scenery of sites and the behaviour
of certain animal species has been muse for many artists. Most traveller would want to
explore the jungle as it provides peace and tranquillity, some of the most beautiful sights and
sounds could only be found deep, deep in the jungles.

3. How can you promote/enhance biodiversity in your personal

daily life?:
Please provide 7 examples

The first thing we must do is do educate our kids and talk to our friends about this problem. .
I think education is at the top with anything like this. Effective campaigns via social media
the younger generations will engage and theyll learn far more too about what needs to be
done to protect it.
Human activities have been the major cause for encouraging invasive species. The best way
to decrease the rate of deforestation is improve the consideration and awareness of human
being. Peoples should know well about the seriousness and consequences of biodiversity loss
and the reduction of ecosystem thus they will appreciate and conserve the nature People
arent aware of what biodiversity does to for us.
We can also start using eco-friendly cleaning products, food that is from natural farm. Choose
the products that are not made with chemicals and other toxic mix for environment.
We must not buy the souvenirs that made of animals, less use of air-conditioner and buy
timber from the legal company. That is one of the small effort that we can do to promote
biodiversity.
We need to leverage our purchasing power to help protect biodiversity by consuming
products that do not harm the environment. Ecolabels enable us to determine which products
are green, safe, and environmentally sustainable.
We should make efforts to reduce the level of pollutants in the environment. We can reduce
our power consumption by switching electronic devices off rather than using standby, by
walking short journeys instead of taking the bus.
In my area, people still using plastic bags and non-recycle products. Itd give big impact if we
ourselves start practicing to use our own shopping bag when buying groceries. If we cant
educate ourselves to reuse and recycle, we still consume more and more resources.
Global warming is also becoming a major cause for loss of biodiversity. Hence, we have to
take all the precautions to reduce the effect of global warming such as taking advantage of
renewables energies like sun, wind and biomass. Urban centres use a lot more power than
average. Most is generated by burning non-renewable fossil fuels: coal, oil, natural gas and
liquid petroleum gas (LPG). Hence, we can use solar panel on our home to consume
electrical energy. Besides that, it is very important so sustain the health of land, sea and air.

4. How can you promote/enhance biodiversity in your career as

a professional engineer:
Please provide 7 examples

To reduce the extinction of biodiversity, we should decrease the rate of deforestation of the
world. One of the solutions of deforestation is reforestation. Although it does not fully
renovate the species richness and ecosystem of a forest, it does help on reducing the effect of
deforestation.
We can take initiative to work with a company that stick to economic policies that order to
maintain the Earths biodiversity and take appropriate measures to protect habitats and
species. When planning a project related to improving infrastructures, we should be strict in
land management to prevent peoples or some companies over extract the forests to acquire
self-benefits.
In addition to that, we can start proposing/work on a project that is designed for nature
conservation. In example, the Network Rail (based in UK) connects and passes through some
very unique habitats, such as Sites of Special Scientific Interest, Areas of Outstanding Natural
Beauty and many other statutory and locally designated nature reserves.
Besides that, when planning for a project, we can collaborate with scientists to reduce the
biodiversity loss and improve of ecosystem services. For example, Sustainable forest
management (SFM) is ecosystem management that work on the conservation of environment,
such as biodiversity issues. They can use scientific method to find out the most effective way
and translating it into policy to conserve and renovate the biodiversity loss and reduction of
ecosystem services.
We must ensure that the proposed project strictly followed the environmental laws. All the
economically important organisms in protected areas should be identified and conserved.
We can choose to Work with the major international conservation agencies to increase their
attention on improving livelihoods, reducing poverty and upholding human rights as part of
their project work.
Lastly, we should increase biodiversity in urban landscapes and embrace nature into our
designs. Providing options for wildlife to travel and find new food sources, water sources,
and mates are extremely important to urban biodiversity. The bush or shrubbery provides a
physical barrier for larger animals and people but allows for small animals to pass under,
through or along the roots of the hedgerow from garden to garden.