FORM TP 21229 MAY/JUNE 2OOI

CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

ADVANCEDPROFICIENCYEXAMINATION

PHYSICS

UNIT 02 - Paper02

2 hours15minutes

READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY

l. This paperconsistsof NINE questions.

Z. SectionA consistsof THREE questions.Candidatesmust attemptALL

questionsin this section.Answersfor this sectionmustbe written in this
answerbooklet.

3. SectionB consistsof SIX questions. Candidatesmust attemptTHREE

questionsin this section,ONE questionfrom EACH Module. Answers
for this section must be written in the answerbooklet provided.

4. All working MUST be clearly shown.

council
copyright @ 2001caribbeanExaminations
All rightsreserved.
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LIST OF PHYSICAL CONSTANTS

Speedof light in free space c 3.00x108Tr-t

Permeabiliry of free space Ito 4n x l0-7Hm-t

Permittiviry of free space eo 8 . 8 5x l 0 - r 2 F m - r

Elementary charge e 1 . 6 0x 1 0 - r eC

The Planck constant h 6.63x10-3aJs

Unified atomic mass constant u 1.66x 10-27

kg

Rest mass of electron me 9.ll x 10-3rkg

Rest mass of proton mP | .67x l0-27kg

Acceleration of free fall I 9 . 8 1m s - 2

I Atmosphere Atm 1.00x105Nm-z

Avogadro's number N1 6.02x 1023per mole

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 SECTIONA

Attempt ALL questions.You MUST write in this answerbooklet.Youmust NOT spendmore than
30 minuteson this section.

1. (a) You are askedto do an experimentto investigatehow the resistance,R, of a thermistor

varies with the temperature0.

(i) OutlineTWO precautions

thatyou would taketo improvethe accuracyof your results.

[2 marks]
(ii) Constructa suitablecircuitthatcouldbe usedfor this investigation.

[2 marks]

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J I
I

i
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 for a thermistor'
(b) Table 1 shows a typical set of results

+ - 1o*3/I(-r

Table 1
o't where R1 and Ro are the resistancesat
Rr = Ro"
The thermistor obeys the relationship the graPh
is a constantdependenton the tnut"tiul. Use
T K and ZiiKresiectively, and A
on page 5 to calculate values for

(i) the constantA

[ 3 marksJ

(ii) Ro using a value for T of 333 K'

[ 3 marks]

Total L0 marks

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r- rr
Graph of ln R1 vs I
f

*m'tx
I
lo'3
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the
2. An operationalamplifier has a very large open loop gain Ao. The graph below shows how
gain varies with frequencY.
Gain

I
t,
I
I

I
L
['
I
!.'

fi
n

ft

10 102 103 104 los 106 107

f tHz.

(a) Draw a circuit diagram to show how the amplifier could be used over a wider range of
frequenciesat a reducedgain.

[3 marks]
-.---*
.;,*.

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(b) What featureallowsthegainto be reduced?

[1 mark ]
(c) what adjustment
canyou maketo your circuitto lowerthe gain?

[2 marks]
(d) what effect(s)wourd rhis haveon rhe amprifier?

[2 marks]

(e) G i v e n t h a t r h e c l o s e d l o o p g a i n i s related
to the open loop gain by the equation
AO
A- w h e r e P i s a n e g a t i vfraction
e
I + FAo of output fed back ro the input, calculate
.
a valueof p when = lOsandA - 102.
4

[2 marks]

Total 10 marks

---,

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in the laboratory to show the

3. (a) (i) Describean experimentthat you can perform
existenceof P-Particles.

[3 marks]

of a p-particle?
(i i) How can you determinethe sign of the charge

[1 mark J

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(b) (i) X-raysareproducedby accelerating electronsthrougha potentialdifferenceof

40 000 V beforethey strikea target. Thereis a minilnu- cut-off
wavelength
l,o, produced.Calculatethe valueof l,o.

[5 marksJ
(ii) What changeoccursin )'o if the accelerating
potentialdifferenceis doubled?

[1 mark

Total 10 marks

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SECTION B

You must attempt THREE questionsfrom this section. ChooseONE question EACH from
Module 1, 2 and 3. You MUST rvrite your answersin the answerbookletprovided.

MODULE 1

Answer EITHER Question4 OR Question5.

4. (a) (i) Definethe volt. Usethis definitionto derivetherelationship

P = IV

(ii) Theelementof an electricheateris madeof a highresistance wire, of resistance

7.90ohms.A potentialdifferenceof I 15V is appliedto theelement.Determine
thecurrentin the wire andthepowerbeingusedby the heater.What happensto
thepowerif the potentialdifferenceis halved?What assumptions, if any,have
you made? [10 marks]

(b) (i) StateKirchhoff's laws.

(ii)

L2 A Lamp

IB g{]lg

0.10s2 r4.0v

Figure 1.

Abatteryof e.m.f 12.0V andinternalresistance 0.011ohmspowersa lamp of

resistance1.20ohms,while at the sametime it is beingchargedby a chargerof
internalresistance0.10 ohms,seeFigure l. The chargercan be consideredto
act as a batteryof e.m.f 14.0V. Calculatethe currentsIb Is and /5, passing
throughthe lamp, batteryand chargerrespectively.
[10 marksl

**t::.:".u'
I

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)

5. (a ) Give a detailed explanationof the origin of the Hall effect and say what is the Hall
potential difference. Include a diagram showing clearly any relevani vector quantities,
for a specimenin which electronconductionpredominates.
I g marks]

(b) (i) A rectangularslice of semi-conductingmaterial of thickness2.5 mm carries

a culrent of 150 mA as shown in Figure 2. When a magnetic field of flux
densiry-0.5 T is directed into the material parallel to the side of length 2.5 mm,
a p.d of 8.75mV acrossits edgesis produceddue to the Hall effect. Calculate
the number of chargecarriers per-unit volume, given that the magnitude of the
chargeof each carrieris 1.6 x 10-lec. Explain your calculation.

2.smm$

Figure 2

( ii ) Deducewhat type of materialis bestsuitedfor a largeHall potentialdifference.

How do the magnitudeof the magnetic field and the thicknessof the material
affect the Hall potentialdifference?
[12 marks]

Total 20 marks

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Module 2

7'
AnsrverEITHER Question6 or Question

to obtain a sum' They are

6. Adders arecombinations of logic gatesthat combinebinary digits
combinethosedigits'
classifiedaccordingto theiraUitityto
(Ex-oR) gate [1 mark ]
(a) write downrherrurhtablefor rheExcrusive-oR

of four NAND gateswith the inputs A and

(b) The circuit in Figure 3 shows a combination
B, and outPutY.

Figure 3

(i) Constructthe truthtablefor the circuit'

[5 marks]
(ii),Describeinwordsthelogicfunctionofthecircuit.

of a half addershowing clearly the inputs

(c) (i) using the EX-OR gate,draw a circuit
A and B and the outputs of the circuit'

rerr Ee-- circuit

Lrrv full-adder
Yvthe can be implemented from two half-adder
(ii) Hence show how
t5 marksl
circuits.

---- operation
the -r for the addition of the two binary
(d) show the block diagram and explain [9 marks]
numbers 110 and 101 using adders'
Total 20 marks

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7. (a) Give THREE propertiesof an idealoperationalamplifier.
[3 marks]

(b) For the non-invertingamplifiershownin Figure4, showthat the closedloop

voltage
gain,A, is givenby
R"
A = I *;"
I\i

-15v

Figure 4
[5 marks]
(c) RI= 100 k S) and Ri = 20k f).

(i) Determine the closed loop gain.

(ii) When this circuit is usedit saturates

at + l3V. If it is to be avoided,what is the
maximum input voltagethatcan be used?

(iii) Determinethe output voltagefor a sinusoidalsignal of peak input voltage

3 V.
(iv) Sketchthe resultingoutputsignal.
[7 marks]

(d) It is desiredto combine three signalsv vz and v3 to producean

t, output
Vo = -Vt - 4Vz 12V3.

The input resistanceat the inputs must not be less than l0 k el and all
resistorvalues
must be less than 200 kCl.

Design a circuit to achievethis objective.

[5 marks]

Total 20 marks

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Module 3

9'
Answer EITHER Question8 OR Question

equationEz - E' = hf
by the mathematical
8. (a) (i) Discussthephysicalprocessdescribed
andstatewhatEACH termrepresents'
function'? Statewhat energy
(ii) What do you understandby the term'work
incidenton a surface,causinganelectron
ransformationtakespracewhenlight is
the relevantquantities'
to be emitted,andgive an equatiJnrelating [8 marks]

2'5Vo' Assumtng
at 60 w operateswith an efficiency of
G) An incandescentlight bulb rated
thatthelightemittedisofwavelength550nm,determinethe

(i) energy of each Photon emitted

[7 marks]
(ii) number of photonsemitted per second'

will electronsbe
a surfaceof work function 2.05 e-V
(c) If the emitted light is incidenr on energy?
what wiil their maximum kinetic
emitted from th! surface and if so

( l e . V = 1 . 6x 1 0 ' t e J ;
[5 marks]

Total 20 marks

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by the following statements?

9. (a) What do you understand
t[C ttusa half-life of 55 secs'
(i)
of 1 . 2 5 x 1 0 ' 2s - t .
tfc ttut a decaY-constant
(ii)
tfC is a random and spontaneousprocess'
(iii) decaYof
The radioactive [ 7 marks]

that does not affect radioactive decay'

(b) Name oNE external condition I lmark J

tjc. rn" table below correlatesthe

3.5 x 10-6g of pure
(c) A radioactivesamplecontains
time' t'
acdviry,A of the samPlewith

A/decaY s-t
+
1.05 x 1014
.
I.40 x l0r3

1 . 8 3x l 0 r r
I
2.40 x 10r

3 . 1 0x 1 0 r o

Determinethe

(i). number of nuclei presentinitially

(ii) decaYconstant

(iii) half life

(iv) activitY after 8 hours

(v)numberofradioactivenucleiremainingafterShours. lt 2 marksl

Total 20 marks

END OF TEST

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