Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
LIP
John: "That's ok. You stay there and I'll make soup."
Notice how Laura didn't respond to John's question by saying, "No, I don't want to go out to the show
tonight." What she actually said her locutionary act was "I'm feeling ill."
An illocutionary act is what a person does in saying something else. Locution is speech. In-locution
(in speaking) becomes il-locution through phonetic assimilation. In saying that she feels ill, Laura
was telling John that she doesn't want go out.
Beyond communicating the state of her health and the answer to John's question, Laura
accomplished one more thing through saying "I'm feeling ill." She got John to make her some soup.
A perlocutionary act (per-locutionary, through speaking) is focused on the response others have to
a speech act.
Exercise
1. The bus wont move until your boys move in out of the doorway.
+ Locutionary act: The driver is saying she wont move the bus with people
standing in the doorway.
+ Locutionary act: The woman performed the act of saying it is hot (referring to the
temperature.
+ Locutionary act: The man performed the act of saying if he could borrow my
laptop.
+ Locutionary act: The boss performed the act of saying that the employee is fired.
+ Illocutionary act: Complaint (you have done your job badly)/ order (get out of the
company)
1. The syntactic form (sentence type) corresponds with language function+ when
what you mean exactly what you say.
2. The syntactic form (sentence type) does not correspond with language function +
when what you mean is different from the literal meaning of what is said.
Exercises:
1. I am sorry that I cant come to the phone at the moment. Declarative- Apology
=> D
2. Please leave the message after the tone => Imperative- request- D
Me me!
Ok.
Oh, no one.:))
9. On the car, you didnt wear your seat bell. Your friend said: Do you have money
to pay the fine?
12. Are you going to leave the door open? Interrogative- Order- I
14. Clean your desk by the end of the day- Declarative- Firing- I
15. How beautiful you look today! Exclamative- Express feelings (praising)- D
A fathers says to his child, Why dont you spend less time watching TV?
Directives
representatives
Reminding
Suggestion/ Invitation (Derectives)
Naming (Declaration)
Question
A passerby says to a motorist with a flat tire, Let me help you with that.
Offering (Commisive)
A woman says to someone next to her at the grocery store, Its going to be a very
windy day.
Predicting (Representative)
A police officer says to a young man who was speeding, Youre under arrest
Declaration
Declaration
Swearing (Commissives)
Forbidding (directive)
Commissives
A judge says to a happy couple, I now pronounce you husband and wife.
-=> Declaration
You might give me a hand Declarative Declarative Directive Request- Asking for
with this. help
*note: a declarative is different
than a declaration. A declarative
is a simple statement of fact, while
a declaration is the illocutionary act
of changing the status of
something.