Water and waste water

Emerging Technologies & Processes for Alternate

Water Sources An Integrated approach
 Water
Vital Resource

Major component for most industrial processes

Critical for sustaining life Human consumption,
food security
Increasingly scarce and polluted

Need of the Hour: Use & Manage Water Better

 Water Crisis In India

India expected to be severely water stressed by 2025.

This also relates to food.
Cu.m/person/year

5177
Total demand in 2025:
1674 billion cu.m.
M3/Person/Year

1820
1340 Usable
650 Gap
1951 2001 Year 2025 2050

While water quality deteriorates from bad to worse

 Water Usage

Agriculture the largest consumer

10%
8%
of water
Agriculture
Industrial
Domestic
82% Domestic consumption accounts
for less than 10%

Industrial
consumption
expected
to grow rapidly
 Sources of Water
Conventional Sources :

Surface Water
Ground Water

Non Conventional / Alternate Sources

Recycled Waste Water

- Industrial Waste
- Domestic Sewage/Sullage

Sea Water
 Technology Options
Sewage : SBR, Disinfection & Filtration
options, MBR, UF, RO

Industrial Water : SBR, Disinfection & Filtration

options, MBR, UF, RO, NF, Ion
Exchange

Sea Water : RO, Thermal Technologies

 Options for Reuse
A) Urban Reuse
Landscaping
Fire Protection
Dust Control
Concrete Mix at Construction sites
Vehicle & Window Washing
Toilet Flushing

B) Industrial Reuse :

Cooling Water
Boiler Make Up
Process Water
 Recycle -
Towards Zero Discharge

World getting conscious of

importance of environment - more
resources are being recycled

Sullage, sewage and industrial effluent becoming

sources of water
Technologies available to enable recycle and
recovery of as much as 99% water - moving to zero
discharge
Ultrafiltration successfully used worldwide to obtain
high quality water in one step, even from sewage
 Recycle Benefits

Helps conserve vast volumes of water while

protecting the environment & reducing pollution
Assured availability of water
Less requirement for fresh water, hence low water
costs
Additional savings through product recovery
Compliance with pollution control regulations &
clean environment through reduced effluent discharge
In new projects incorporation of recycle
considerably reduces capital investment on water
treatment
 Possible Water Sources - Community

River/Lake/Ground

Potable Fresh Water

Sea Water
Community

Sewage

Non Potable/ Recycled water

Not Contact
Sullage
 Sequential Batch Reactor LUCAS
AEROBIC TREATMENT:
LUCAS combines advantages of CONVENTIONAL ASP and BATCH REACTOR (SBR)
continuous influent and effluent flow rate
constant water level efficient aeration
Process control in time flexibility that allows control of all specific phases

Influent
PHASE 1

A B C Effluent

PHASE 3 PHASE 2 Influent

Influent

Effluent
A B C Effluent A B C
 LUCAS : Sewage-WWTP
Case Reclaiming Hebbal Lake

4.000 m3/day Bangalore, India

 INDION
MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR
 MEMBRANE BIO REACTOR

Air Line

Treated
Wastewater inlet water

Vacuum pump

Aeration Membrane
Tank Module

Sludge
outlet
 MBR Performance

PARAMETER MBR REMOVAL

OUTLET
BOD < 2 mg/l > 99%
TSS < 1 mg/l > 99%
TKN < 2 mg/l > 96%
NH3 < 0.3 mg/l > 97%
Total P < 0.1 mg/l --
Turbidity < 1 NTU > 99%
Total Coliforms < 100 cfu/100 ml > 6 log
Feacal Coliforms < 10 cfu/100 ml > 6 log
 Some Press Releases
Hindustan Dainik New Delhi,26 August,2005

CM Drinks Sewage Treated Water !

Times of India New Delhi,24 August,2005
 Cross Border Macau 12,000 m/day

Atlantis MBR :
Cross Border Macau 110,000 P.E.
Effluent Reuse for landscaping
Including Operation & Maintenance
contract
 MBR - Case
ITC Maurya, New Delhi
900 m3/day

Wade Adams,
Jebel Ali,Dubai
 Possible Water Sources - Industry

River/Lake/Ground
Potable Fresh

Sea Water

Industry

Sewage
Non Potable/ Recycled
Non Contact
Ind. Waste Water

Sea Water
 Possible Alternate Sources - Agriculture

Recycled
Sewage
Water

Agriculture

Fresh Water River/Lake/Ground

 Total Environment Management
OLD PROCESS
Discharge
Raw Treated Effluent Effluent Treatment
Water Treatment Process
Water Plant Water Plant

Source TOTAL WATER MANAGEMENT Product

Reduction Recovery
Recovered Product
Partially
treated
Raw Water Treatment Treated Effluent Product effluent
Process Recovery Plant
Water Plant Water

Recycled Water Water Recycle

Plant
Water Waste
Reuse Minimisation
Minimal Discharge
Conserve fresh water
Deliver required quality Protect environment
 Case Study

Customer : Chennai Petroleum Corporation Limited (CPCL)

Problem : Acute water scarcity in the region which led to

shutdown of refinery few years back.

Quantitative : Zero discharge 200 m3/hr capacity Effluent treatment &

Analysis recycling plant
Inlet TDS : 1860 ppm, BOD : 20 ppm, COD : 250 ppm,

Solution : Zero effluent discharge effluent treatment plant was

designed with 200 m3/hr capacity UF plant followed by
220 m3/hr RO plant.

Outlet Quality : TDS < 40 ppm,

BOD : Below detectable limit
COD : Below detectable limit
 Chennai Petroleum

Industrial waste water

recovery for reuse

4 MLD Refinery Waste water

recovery at Chennai
Petroleum
 ZERO EFFLUENT DISCHARGE AT CHENNAI PETROLEUM
INDION
EQUILISATION TANK MULTIGRADE
COAGULATION INDION
SAND FILTER ULTRAFILTRATION SYSTEM
TANK 255 m3/hr
255 m3/hr Recovery - 87 %

252 m3/hr

220 m3/hr

3 m3/hr

INLET ANALYSIS (Typical) 32 m3/hr

pH 6.0 - 8.5
O&G(ppm) 10 INDION REVERSE OSMOSIS SYSTEM
TSS (ppm) 50 (110 X 2 = 220 M3/HR)
Turb (NTU) 20 187 m3/hr RO FEED TANK
BOD 20
COD 250
220 m3/hr
TDS 1860
Cl (ppm) 850
Ca (ppm) 130
Mg (ppm) 70 33 m3/hr
M Alk (ppm) 62
Nitrates (ppm) 20
Phosphates (ppm) 5
Si ( ppm ) 15
Coll Si 7.2
Fe (ppm) 3
SO4 (ppm) 300
Phenols (ppm) 1
SDI >6
 WaterCom Best Practice

Zero Discharge Plant 2 at CPCL WATERCOM

Conservation of Fresh Water, meeting regulations
Objective on discharge
& ensuring water security at CPCL Refinery

The plant treats 4 Million Litres of Refinery Waste for reuse.

Results The treated water is reused in the refinery saving almost 4
MLD of fresh water and Rs. 408 Lacs Per year

Recycling of Industrial waste can be implemented across the

country and across segments. This will solve the problems
Size of Prize of pollution and at the same time conserve
fresh water. Costs will be paid back in water savings.

O&M costs at Rs.19/m3

Capital & Int. repayment
How Rs.14/m3 (estimated)
(Insert relevant picture here)
Achieved Fresh water costs Rs.60/ m3
(incl. resources) Water saved 125,000 m3/m
Saving per year : Rs.408 Lacs (Photo caption here)
ION EXCHANGE (INDIA) LTD. Case Study

ZERO DISCHARGE PLANT

AT

ANGERIPALAYAM CETP
ION EXCHANGE (INDIA) LTD. Process Scheme
CHLORINE

RAW
EFFLUENT
OXIDATION MBR COF 1 COF 2 SAND
FILTER

RO 1 PERMEATE
FOR REUSE

RO 2 PERMEATE
FOR REUSE

SILICA SAND NF BRINE FOR

DYEING
REMOVA FILTER
L

EVAPORATOR
Angeripalayam CETP

Angeripalayam First Large

installation of MBR for textile
waste water recycle.

Capacity :
10 MLD
 Case Study - Zero Discharge at
Gujarat Ambuja Cement Case Study - 3
INDION
ULTRAFILTRATIO
SODA ASH INDION PSF N UNIT
LIME DOSING
CHLORINE
EQUILISATION
DOSING
TANK IN RCC
(BY CLIENT)
EFFLUENT IN EQT
652 m3/D CLARIFIED
HRSCC
651.58 m3/DWATER
0.42 m3/D to TANK
28 m3/D
sludge
10 m3/D FOR
107m3/D
CEB
INDION REVERSE INDION REVERSE
OSMOSIS UNIT II OSMOSIS UNIT ANTISCALENT
HCL
DOSING

354.61 m3/D
60.49 m3/D UF WATER
STORAGE
506.58 m3/D TANK

REJECT REJECT

415.40 m3/D

EVAPORAT
RO PERMEATE S.T
OR
Ion Exchange India Ltd.
Zero Discharge Plant at Gujarat Ambuja Cements
(Holicim)

Evaporator

RO Section UF Section
 CASE STUDY
ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY
A leading company located in Rajasthan.
The first company to use recycled effluent.
Produces High Purity Water with Resistivity > 10
Meg
Influent Suspended Solids - 1400 ppm.
Reduced to less than 5 ppm.
A complete reuse system with clarification,
Filtration, Ultrafiltration, Reverse Osmosis and
deionisers
Capital Payback in less than 2 years.
Recycling in Electronics Industry
Alternate Source - Coastal Communities
& Industries

Sea Water Desalination

Reverse Osmosis

Thermal Desalination Technologies

Sea Water Desalination

At Chennai Petroleum
Corporation Indias largest
industrial Reverse Osmosis
Sea Water Desalination
Plant

Capacity :
26.4 MLD
 Alternate Sources

Waste Water can be an sustainable

source of Water
Community Sewage can be effectively
recycled for Industrial as well as
secondary uses in Communities
Industrial waste water is an excellent
resource for Industrial uses
 Emerging solutions
NMC will be selling 130 MLD Sewage to
Mahgenco @ 15 Cr per annum
Mahagenco to use treated sewage as
raw water for their Koradi expansion
project
Indiabull is using 117 MLD lean sewage to
fulfill its requirment for raw water for Power
plant
Hindusthan Zinc is trying to use Udaipur
Sewage to fullfill its process plant
requirement
Rajasthan Punjab AP CETPs are coming up
with PPP model for treating Industrial
waste and recycle
BWSSB successfully completed pilot project
on Sewage recycle
DJB , Jamnagar,Rajkpt,Surat, OWSSB,NRDA
and Many other Municipal corporations
are trying and will try to earn money and
get their sewage treated
Industries gets benefitted as they get
guranteed supply of raw water,
-
Government doubly benefitted

--- Waste is treated

---not to spend for fresh water supply

 Win win situation
So apart from Industrial Internal integrated
approach to resolve waste problem,
product recovery and recycle water.
An integrated approach form
state Government water dept,
Urban bodies
Industry
Water treatment Companies
Technology Institutes IIT,NCL, UDCT ,
NEERI etc
in cooperation needs to resolve waste and
water scarcity issues in eco trendily
manner.
 Required

Citizen
Enlightened
Action
Industries
Groups

Water
Municipalities Treatment
Companies

Participatory Approach
 Total Environment Solutions for
Industry, Homes & Communities
THANK YOU