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TABLE OF CONTENTS............................................................................................................................... i
LIST OF APPENDICES............................................................................................................................... v
LIST OF TABLES....................................................................................................................................... vi
LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................................viii
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................... ix
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS (contd)
3.0 ALTERNATIVES.........................................................................................................................3-1
3.1 NO ACTION OR POSTPONED ACTION .....................................................................3-2
3.2 SYSTEM ALTERNATIVES...........................................................................................3-5
3.2.1 Existing Onshore and Offshore LNG Facilities..................................................3-6
3.2.2 Recently Approved, Proposed, or Planned LNG Projects ................................3-12
3.2.2.1 Onshore LNG Projects.........................................................................3-12
3.2.2.2 Offshore LNG Projects ........................................................................3-17
3.2.3 Pipeline System Alternatives ............................................................................3-21
3.3 LNG TERMINAL ALTERNATIVES...........................................................................3-23
3.3.1 Regional Review...............................................................................................3-23
3.3.2 Port Review ......................................................................................................3-23
3.3.2.1 Offshore Ports......................................................................................3-23
3.3.2.2 Specific Offshore Port Review ............................................................3-30
3.3.2.3 Coastal Ports ........................................................................................3-33
3.3.3 Site Specific Review of Onshore Sites along the Delaware Bay and River .....3-36
3.4 PIER ALTERNATIVES................................................................................................3-59
3.5 PIPELINE ALTERNATIVES .......................................................................................3-64
3.5.1 Pipeline System Alternatives ............................................................................3-64
3.5.2 Major Route Alternatives..................................................................................3-65
3.5.2.1 Railroad Alternative.............................................................................3-65
3.5.2.2 Hayes Street Alternative ......................................................................3-68
3.5.2.3 Sunoco Alternative ..............................................................................3-68
3.5.2.4 Upland Road Alternative .....................................................................3-69
3.5.3 Minor Route Variations ....................................................................................3-70
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS (contd)
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS (contd)
iv
APPENDICES
VOLUME II APPENDICES
APPENDIX A FINAL EIS DISTRIBUTION LIST FOR THE CROWN LANDING LNG
PROJECT
v
TABLES
1.3-1 Major Permits, Approvals, and Consultations for the Crown Landing LNG Project.............1-9
1.3-2 Major Permits, Approvals, and Consultations for the Logan Lateral Project ......................1-12
1.4-1 List of Interagency Meetings Conducted for the Proposed Projects ....................................1-14
1.5-1 Primary Issues Identified and Comments Received During the Public Scoping Process
for the Crown Landing LNG and Logan Lateral Projects ....................................................1-16
2.3.2-1 Summary of Land Requirements Associated with Construction and Operation of the
Pipeline Facilities for the Logan Lateral Project ..................................................................2-16
2.3.2-2 Location of Existing Rights-of-Way in Relation to the Proposed Pipeline Route ...............2-17
2.8.1-1 Federal Siting and Design Requirements for LNG Facilities...............................................2-34
2.8.1-2 Proposed Locations of Smoke, Combustible Gas, and UV/IR Flame Detectors at the
LNG Terminal ......................................................................................................................2-35
2.8.1-3 Proposed Locations of Fire Protection System Equipment at the LNG Terminal ...............2-36
3.1-1 Comparison of Air Emissions from Burning Fossil Fuels ....................................................3-4
3.2.1-1 Environmental Comparison of Crown Landing LNG and Logan Lateral Projects to the
Cove Point Expansion Project ................................................................................................3-7
3.2.2-1 Recently Approved, Proposed, or Planned Onshore LNG Terminals ..................................3-13
3.2.2-2 Recently Approved, Proposed, and Planned Offshore LNG Terminals...............................3-18
3.3.2-1 Estimated Air Emissions from LNG Vessel Operations During Offshore Cargo
Unloading .............................................................................................................................3-32
3.3.3-1 Environmental Comparison of the LNG Terminal Site Alternatives to the Crown Landing
LNG Terminal Site...............................................................................................................3-40
3.4-1 Comparison of Alternative Pier Options With the Proposed Pier Design............................3-60
3.5.2-1 Environmental Comparison of Alternative Routes to the Proposed Route ..........................3-67
4.2.1-1 Acreage of Soils and Soil Characteristics at the Proposed LNG Terminal Site...................4-11
4.2.1-2 Analytical Results of Soil Samples Collected within the Proposed LNG Terminal Site .....4-12
4.2.1-3 Acreage of Soil Characteristics for the Proposed Pipeline Right-of-Way ..........................4-16
4.2.2-1 Comparison of Average Metal Concentrations in the Sediment Samples and NOAA
Sediment Screening Values..................................................................................................4-23
4.3.1-1 Water Supply Wells Located Within 150 Feet of the Logan Lateral Route.........................4-29
4.3.2-1 Waterbodies Crossed by the Logan Lateral Project .............................................................4-34
4.3.2-2 A Summary of Metal Concentrations in Sediments from the Proposed LNG Terminal
Site and the Marcus Hook Channel and Berth .....................................................................4-36
4.4-1 Wetlands and Wetland Transition Areas Located on the Proposed LNG Terminal
Site Property .........................................................................................................................4-43
4.4-2 Wetlands Located Along the Logan Lateral Route ..............................................................4-46
4.5-1 Acreage of Vegetative Communities Affected by Construction and Operation of the Proposed
LNG Terminal .....................................................................................................................4-49
4.5-2 Acreage of Vegetative Communities Affected by Construction and Operation of the Logan
Lateral Project .....................................................................................................................4-50
4.6.2-1 Representative Game and Commercial Fish Species Known to Occur in the
Project Area..........................................................................................................................4-57
4.6.2-2 Estimate of Potential Impacts on Selected Fish Species in the Delaware River as
the Result of Ballast Water Withdrawal by LNG Ships Unloading Cargo at the Proposed
LNG Terminal ......................................................................................................................4-67
4.6.2-3 Estimate of Potential Impacts of Hydrostatic Test Water Withdrawal during Construction of
the Proposed LNG Terminal on Selected Fish Species in the Delaware River....................4-70
4.7-1 Special Status Species Potentially Occurring in the Project Area........................................4-74
vi
TABLES (contd)
vii
FIGURES
viii
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
ix
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS (contd)
DDT dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane
DMT dilatometer
DNREC Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control
DOD U.S. Department of Defense
DOE U.S. Department of Energy
Dominion Dominion Cove Point LNG, LP
DOT U.S. Department of Transportation
DP dynamically positioned
DRBC Delaware River Basin Commission
DRCS Delaware River Creel Survey
DSCZA Delaware State Coastal Zone Act of 1971
EFH Essential Fish Habitat
EI Environmental Inspector
EIA Energy Information Administration
EIS Environmental Impact Statement
EN 1473 European Standard for LNG facilities
EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
ESA Endangered Species Act of 1973
ESS emergency shutdown system
Excelerate Excelerate Energy, L.L.C.
F Fahrenheit
FERC Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
FERC Plan FERCs Upland Erosion Control, Revegetation and Maintenance Plan
FERC Procedures FERCs Wetland and Waterbody Construction and Mitigation Procedures
FPC Federal Power Commission
FSO Facility Security Officer
FSRU Floating, storage, and regasification unit
ft3 cubic feet
FWS U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
g gravity
Gas Tanker Code International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying
Liquefied Gases in Bulk
GBS gravity-based structure
gpm gallons per minute
GTB geotechnical boring
HAP hazardous air pollutant
HCAs high consequence areas
HDD horizontal direction drill
hp horsepower
IMO International Maritime Organization
kPa kilopascals
kV kilovolt
LAER lowest achievable emission rate
Lday daytime sound level
Ldn day-night sound level
Leq(24) 24-hour equivalent sound level
LFL lower flammability limit
LNG liquefied natural gas
Lnight nighttime sound level
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ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS (contd)
xi
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS (contd)
NOI Notice of Intent to Prepare an Environmental Impact Statement for the Proposed
Crown Landing LNG Project, Request for Comments on Environmental Issues,
and Notice of Public Scoping Meeting
Northeast Gateway Northeast Gateway Energy Bridge L.L.C.
NOx low nitrogen oxides
NPC National Petroleum Council
NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
NRCS Natural Resources Conservation Service
NRHP National Register of Historic Places
NSAs noise sensitive areas
NSPS New Source Performance Standards
NSR New Source Review
NVIC Navigation and Vessel Inspection Circular
NYISO New York Independent System Operator
O3 ozone
OBE Operating Basis Earthquake
OCPPC Office of Coastal Planning and Program Coordination
OEP Office of Energy Projects
OPS Office of Pipeline Safety
OCRM Office of Coast and Ocean Resource Management
OWM Office of Water Management
PADCNR Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources
PADEP Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection
PADOT Pennsylvania Department of Transportation
PAFBC Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission
PAH polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
Pb lead
PCB polychlorinated biphenyl
PCZMP Pennsylvania Coastal Zone Management Plan
PEL Probable Effects Level
PGA peak ground acceleration
PGS Pennsylvania Geological Survey
PGW Philadelphia Gas Works
PM10 particulate matter less than 10 microns in diameter
PM2.5 particulate matter less than 2.5 microns in diameter
ppb parts per billion
ppm parts per million
ppmvd parts per million by volume on a dry basis
ppt parts per thousand
PSD Prevention of Significant Deterioration
psig pounds per square inch gauge
PTE potential to emit
Quest Quest Consultants, Inc.
RM river mile
RNA Regulated Navigation Area
RPT rapid phase transition
RSPA Research and Special Programs Administration
Sandia Report Guidance on Risk Analysis and Safety Implications of a Large Liquefied Natural
Gas (LNG) Spill Over Water
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ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS (contd)
xiii