Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
contents
Basicmathsymbols
Geometrysymbols
Algebrasymbols
Probability&statisticssymbols
Settheorysymbols
Logicsymbols
Calculus&analysissymbols
Numbersymbols
Greeksymbols
Romannumerals
Basicmathsymbols
Symbol SymbolName Meaning/definition
= equalssign equality
notequalsign inequality
approximatelyequal approximation
inequality greaterthanorequalto
inequality lessthanorequalto
() parentheses calculateexpressioninsidefirst
[] brackets calculateexpressioninsidefirst
+ plussign addition
minussign subtraction
plusminus bothplusandminusoperations
minusplus bothminusandplusoperations
* asterisk multiplication
timessign multiplication
multiplicationdot multiplication
divisionsign/obelus division
/ divisionslash division
horizontalline division/fraction
decimalpoint,decimal
. period
separator
ab power exponent
a squareroot aa=a
3
a cuberoot 3
a3a3a=a
4
a fourthroot 4
a4a4a4a=a
na nthroot(radical)
% percent 1%=1/100
permille 1=1/1000=0.1%
Geometrysymbols
Symbol SymbolName Meaning/definition
angle formedbytworays
measuredangle
sphericalangle
rightangle =90
degree 1turn=360
prime arcminute,1=60
doubleprime arcsecond,1=60
line infiniteline
AB linesegment linefrompointAtopointB
ray linethatstartfrompointA
arc arcfrompointAtopointB
perpendicular perpendicularlines(90angle)
|| parallel parallellines
equivalenceofgeometric
congruentto
shapesandsize
~ similarity sameshapes,notsamesize
triangle triangleshape
distancebetweenpointsxand
|xy| distance
y
=3.141592654...
istheratiobetweenthe
piconstant
circumferenceanddiameterofa
circle
c radians radiansangleunit
Algebrasymbols
Symbol SymbolName Meaning/definition
x xvariable unknownvaluetofind
equivalence identicalto
equalbydefinition equalbydefinition
:= equalbydefinition equalbydefinition
~ approximatelyequal weakapproximation
approximatelyequal approximation
proportionalto proportionalto
lemniscate infinitysymbol
muchlessthan muchlessthan
muchgreaterthan muchgreaterthan
() parentheses calculateexpressioninsidefirst
[] brackets calculateexpressioninsidefirst
{} braces set
x floorbrackets roundsnumbertolowerinteger
x ceilingbrackets roundsnumbertoupperinteger
x! exclamationmark factorial
delta change/difference
discriminant =b24ac
summationsumofallvalues
sigma
inrangeofseries
sigma doublesummation
productproductofallvalues
capitalpi
inrangeofseries
e econstant/Euler'snumber e=2.718281828...
EulerMascheroniconstant =0.527721566...
goldenratio goldenratioconstant
=3.141592654...
piconstant
istheratiobetweenthe
circumferenceanddiameterofa
circle
LinearAlgebraSymbols
Symbol SymbolName Meaning/definition
dot scalarproduct
cross vectorproduct
AB tensorproduct tensorproductofAandB
innerproduct
[] brackets matrixofnumbers
() parentheses matrixofnumbers
AT transpose matrixtranspose
A Hermitianmatrix matrixconjugatetranspose
A* Hermitianmatrix matrixconjugatetranspose
A1 inversematrix AA1=I
Probabilityandstatisticssymbols
Symbol SymbolName Meaning/definition
probabilityofevents probabilitythatofeventsAand
P(AB) intersection B
probabilityofeventAgiven
P(A|B) conditionalprobabilityfunction
eventBoccured
populationmean meanofpopulationvalues
expectedvalueofrandom
E(X) expectationvalue
variableX
expectedvalueofrandom
E(X|Y) conditionalexpectation
variableXgivenY
2 variance varianceofpopulationvalues
standarddeviationofrandom
std(X) standarddeviation
variableX
standarddeviationvalueof
X standarddeviation
randomvariableX
middlevalueofrandom
median
variablex
covarianceofrandomvariables
cov(X,Y) covariance
XandY
correlationofrandomvariables
corr(X,Y) correlation
XandY
correlationofrandomvariables
X,Y correlation
XandY
summationsumofallvalues
summation
inrangeofseries
doublesummation doublesummation
valuethatoccursmost
Mo mode
frequentlyinpopulation
MR midrange MR=(xmax+xmin)/2
halfthepopulationisbelowthis
Md samplemedian
value
25%ofpopulationarebelow
Q1 lower/firstquartile
thisvalue
50%ofpopulationarebelow
Q2 median/secondquartile
thisvalue=medianofsamples
75%ofpopulationarebelow
Q3 upper/thirdquartile
thisvalue
x samplemean average/arithmeticmean
populationsamplesvariance
s2 samplevariance
estimator
populationsamplesstandard
s samplestandarddeviation
deviationestimator
zx standardscore zx=(xx)/sx
distributionofrandomvariable
X~ distributionofX
X
N(,2) normaldistribution gaussiandistribution
f(x)=xk/21ex/2/(2k/2
2(k) chisquaredistribution
(k/2))
F(k1,k2) Fdistribution
Bern(p) Bernoullidistribution
CombinatoricsSymbols
Symbol SymbolName Meaning/definition
n! factorial n!=123...n
nPk permutation
nCk
combination
Settheorysymbols
Symbol SymbolName Meaning/definition
{} set acollectionofelements
objectsthatbelongtosetAand
AB intersection
setB
objectsthatbelongtosetAor
AB union
setB
subsethasfewerelementsor
AB subset
equaltotheset
subsethasfewerelementsthan
AB propersubset/strictsubset
theset
AB notsubset leftsetnotasubsetofrightset
AB superset setAhasmoreelementsor
equaltothesetB
AB setAhasmoreelementsthan
propersuperset/strictsuperset
setB
AB notsuperset setAisnotasupersetofsetB
2A powerset allsubsetsofA
powerset allsubsetsofA
bothsetshavethesame
A=B equality
members
alltheobjectsthatdonot
Ac complement
belongtosetA
objectsthatbelongtoAandnot
A\B relativecomplement
toB
objectsthatbelongtoAandnot
AB relativecomplement
toB
objectsthatbelongtoAorB
AB symmetricdifference
butnottotheirintersection
objectsthatbelongtoAorB
AB symmetricdifference
butnottotheirintersection
aA elementof setmembership
xA notelementof nosetmembership
setofallorderedpairsfromA
AB cartesianproduct andB
thenumberofelementsofset
|A| cardinality
A
thenumberofelementsofset
#A cardinality
A
infinitecardinalityofnatural
alephnull
numbersset
cardinalityofcountableordinal
alephone
numbersset
emptyset ={}
universalset setofallpossiblevalues
naturalnumbers/whole
0 numbersset(withzero) 0={0,1,2,3,4,...}
naturalnumbers/whole
1 numbersset(withoutzero) 1={1,2,3,4,5,...}
integernumbersset ={...3,2,1,0,1,2,3,...}
rationalnumbersset ={x|x=a/b,a,b }
realnumbersset ={x|<x<}
={z|z=a+bi,<a<,
complexnumbersset
<b<}
Logicsymbols
Symbol SymbolName Meaning/definition
and and
^ caret/circumflex and
+ plus or
reversedcaret or
| verticalline or
x bar notnegation
not notnegation
! exclamationmark notnegation
circledplus/oplus exclusiveorxor
~ tilde negation
implies
equivalent ifandonlyif(iff)
equivalent ifandonlyif(iff)
forall
thereexists
theredoesnotexists
therefore
because/since
Calculus&analysissymbols
Symbol SymbolName Meaning/definition
limit limitvalueofafunction
representsaverysmall
epsilon number,nearzero
e econstant/Euler'snumber e=2.718281828...
derivative derivativeLeibniz'snotation
secondderivative derivativeofderivative
nthderivative ntimesderivation
derivativebytimeNewton's
timederivative
notation
timesecondderivative derivativeofderivative
partialderivative
integral oppositetoderivation
integrationoffunctionof2
doubleintegral
variables
integrationoffunctionof3
tripleintegral
variables
closedcontour/lineintegral
closedsurfaceintegral
closedvolumeintegral
i imaginaryunit i1
z* complexconjugate z=a+biz*=abi
z complexconjugate z=a+biz=abi
nabla/del gradient/divergenceoperator
vector
unitvector
deltafunction
lemniscate infinitysymbol
Numeralsymbols
Name European Roman Hebrew
zero 0
one 1 I
two 2 II
three 3 III
four 4 IV
five 5 V
six 6 VI
seven 7 VII
eight 8 VIII
nine 9 IX
ten 10 X
eleven 11 XI
twelve 12 XII
thirteen 13 XIII
fourteen 14 XIV
fifteen 15 XV
sixteen 16 XVI
seventeen 17 XVII
eighteen 18 XVIII
nineteen 19 XIX
twenty 20 XX
thirty 30 XXX
forty 40 XL
fifty 50 L
sixty 60 LX
seventy 70 LXX
eighty 80 LXXX
ninety 90 XC
onehundred 100 C
Greekalphabetletters
GreekSymbol
GreekLetterName EnglishEquivalent
UpperCase LowerCase
Alpha alfa
Beta beta
Gamma gama
Delta delta
Epsilon epsilon
Zeta zeta
Eta ehta
Theta teta
Iota iota
Kappa kapa
Lambda lamda
Mu myoo
Nu noo
Xi xee
Omicron omeecron
Pi payee
Rho row
Sigma sigma
Tau taoo
Upsilon oopsilon
Phi fee
Chi khee
Psi psee
Omega omega
Romannumerals
Number Romannumeral
0 notdefined
1 I
2 II
3 III
4 IV
5 V
6 VI
7 VII
8 VIII
9 IX
10 X
11 XI
12 XII
13 XIII
14 XIV
15 XV
16 XVI
17 XVII
18 XVIII
19 XIX
20 XX
30 XXX
40 XL
50 L
60 LX
70 LXX
80 LXXX
90 XC
100 C
200 CC
300 CCC
400 CD
500 D
600 DC
700 DCC
800 DCCC
900 CM
1000 M
5000 V
10000 X
50000 L
100000 C
500000 D
1000000 M
Seealso
Algebrasymbols
Geometrysymbols
Statisticalsymbols
Logicsymbols
Settheorysymbols
Calculus&analysissymbols
Numbersymbols
Greekalphabetsymbols
Romannumerals