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Electrical Engineering
2003
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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EE
2003
Q.1 - 30 Carry One Mark Each

Q. 1 Figure Shows the waveform of the current passing through an inductor of
resistance 1 W and inductance 2 H. The energy absorbed by the inductor in the
first four seconds is
. i n
c o
.
(A) 144 J (B) 98 J
(C) 132 J
i a (D) 168 J
The Correct option is (C).
d
Sol. 1
o
Energy absorbed by the inductor coil is given as
n
.
t
EL = # Pdt
w
0
Where power P = VI = I bL dI l
w
dt
t
w
So, EL = # LIb dI
dt l
dt
0

For0 # t # 4 sec
4
EL = 2 # Ib dI
dt l
dt
0
2 4 dI = 3, 0 # t # 2
EL = 2 # I (3) dt + 2 # I (0) dt *a dt ,
0
2
2 = 0, 2 < t < 4
EL = 6 # I.dt =6(area under the curve i (t) - t )
0
= 6#1#2#6
2
= 36 J
Energy absorbed by 1 W resistor is
t
ER = # I2 Rdt
0
2 4
= # (3t) 2 # 1dt + # (6) 2 dt )I = 3t,
0#t#2
0 2 = 6A 2 # t # 4
3 2
= 9 # :t D + 36[t]2
4
3 0
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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EE 2003
= 24 + 72 =96 J
Total energy absorbed in 4 sec
E = EL + ER
= 36 + 96
n
= 132 J
Q. 2
. i
A segment of a circuit is shown in figure vR = 5V, vc = 4 sin 2t .The voltage vL is
given by
c o
a .
d i
n o
.
w
w
w
(A) 3 - 8 cos 2t (B) 32 sin 2t
Sol. 2

(C) 16 sin 2t
The Correct option is (B).
(D) 16 cos 2t
i n
Applying KCL at center node
o.
. c
i a
o d
. n
w
w
iL = iC + 1 + 2
w
iL = iC + 3
iC =- C dvc

dt
=- 1 d [4 sin 2t]
dt
=- 8 cos 2t
so iL =- 8 cos 2t + 3 (current through inductor)
Voltage across inductor
vL = L diL
dt
= 2 # d [3 - 8 cos 2t]
dt
= 32 sin 2t

Q. 3 In the figure, Z1 = 10+ - 60%, Z2 = 10+60%, Z3 = 50+53.13% . Thevenin impedance

seen form X-Y is
. i n
c o
.
(A) 56.66+45% (B) 60+30%
i a
(C) 70+30% (D) 34.4+65%
d
Sol. 3 Thevenin impedance can be obtain as following
n o
.
w
w
w
Zth = Z 3 + (Z1 || Z2)
1- 3j
Z1 = 10+ - 60c = 10 c m

given that
2
= 5 (1 - 3 j)
Z2 = 10+60c
n
1+ 3j
= 10 c m
i
2
= 5 (1 + 3 j)
o.
c
Z 3 = 50+53.13c
.
3 + 4j
= 50 b
5 l
i
= 10 (3 + 4j) a
o d 5 (1 - 3j) 5 (1 + 3 j)
n
So, Zth = 10 (3 + 4j) +
.
5 (1 - 3 j) + 5 (1 + 3 j)
25 (1 + 3)
w
= 10 (3 + 4j) +
10
w
= 30 + 40j + 10
= 40 + 40j
w Zth = 40 2 +45c W

Hence (A) is correct option.
Q. 4 Two conductors are carrying forward and return current of +I and - I as

shown in figure. The magnetic field intensity H at point P is

(A) I Y (B) I X
pd pd
(C) I Y (D) I X
2pd 2pd
i n
Sol. 4 Due to the first conductor carrying + I current, magnetic field intensity at point
.
P is
2pd
c o
H 1 = I Y (Direction is determined using right hand rule)
.
Similarly due to second conductor carrying - I current, magnetic field intensity is
H 2 = - I (- Y)
2pd
i a
= I Y
2pd
o d
. n
Total magnetic field intensity at point P.
w
H = H1 + H 2
w
= I Y+ I Y
2pd 2pd
w = I Y
pd
Q. 5

Two infinite strips of width w m in x -direction as shown in figure, are carrying
n
forward and return currents of +I and - I in the z - direction. The strips
. i
are separated by distance of x m. The inductance per unit length of the
o
configuration is measured to be L H/m. If the distance of separation between
c
the strips in snow reduced to x/2 m, the inductance per unit length of the
.
configuration is
i a
o d
. n
w
w
w
(A) 2L H/m (B) L/4 H/m

(C) L/2 H/m (D) 4L H/m
Sol. 5 The Correct option is ( ).
Q. 6 A simple phase transformer has a maximum efficiency of 90% at full load and
unity power factor. Efficiency at half load at the same power factor is
(A) 86.7% (B) 88.26%
(C) 88.9% (D) 87.8%
Sol. 6 Given that 1-f transformer, maximum efficiency 90% at full load and unity
power factor
So
V2 I2 cos f2
h=
V2 I2 cos f2 + Pi + Pc

(L.F) cos f2
=
(L.F) cos f2 + Pi(Pu) + Pc
where L.F. is the load fator.
At full load, load factor is
L.F. = Pi = 1
Pc
. i n
o
cos f2 = 1 at unity power factor
c
.
so, 90% = 1 # 1
1 + 2Pi
Pi = 0.0555 MVA
i a
o
At half load, load factor is
d
n
L.F = 1 = .5
.
2
w
So,
0.5 # 1
w
h= # 100
0.5 # 0.0555 # (0.5) 2 + 0.0555
w
h = 87.8%
Hence (D) is correct option.
Q. 7

Group-I lists different applications and Group-II lists the motors for these
applications. Match the application with the most suitable motor and choose
n
the right combination among the choices given thereafter
i
Group-I Group-II
P. Food mixer
o.
1. Permanent magnet dc motor
c
Q. Cassette tape recorder 2. Single-phase induction motor
R. Domestic water pump
a . 3. Universal motor
i
S. Escalator 4. Three-phase induction motor
o d 5. DC series motor
6. Stepper motor
Codes:
. n
w
P Q R S
(A) 3 6 4 5
(B) 1
w 3 2 4
w
(C) 3 1 2 4
(D) 3 2 1 4
Sol. 7

In food mixer the universal motor is used and in cassette tap recorder permanent
magnet DC motor is used. The Domestic water pump used the single and three
phase induction motor and escalator used the three phase induction motor.
Hence (C) is correct option.
Q. 8 A stand alone engine driven synchronous generator is feeding a partly inductive
load. A capacitor is now connected across the load to completely nullify the
inductive current. For this operating condition.
(A) the field current and fuel input have to be reduced
(B) the field current and fuel input have to be increased
(C) the field current has to be increased and fuel input left unaltered
(D) the field current has to be reduced and fuel input left unaltered

Sol. 8 Given a engine drive synchronous generator is feeding a partly inductive load. A
capacitor is connected across the load to completely nullify the inductive current.
Then the motor field current has to be reduced and fuel input left unaltered.
i n
Curves X and Y in figure denote open circuit and full-load zero power
Q. 9
.
factor(zpf) characteristics of a synchronous generator. Q is a point on the zpf
o
characteristics at 1.0 p.u. voltage. The vertical distance PQ in figure gives the
. c
voltage drop across
i a
o d
. n
w
w
(A) Synchronous reactance (B) Magnetizing reactance
(C) Potier reactance (D) Leakage reactance
Sol. 9
w
The Correct option is (A).

. i n
c o
Given open circuit and full-load zero power factor of a synchronous generator. At
.
point Q the zero power factor at 1.0 pu voltage. The voltage drop at point PQ is
a
i
across synchronous reactance.
d
Q. 10 No-load test on a 3-phase induction motor was conducted at different supply
o
voltage and a plot of input power versus voltage was drawn. This curve was
. n
extrapolated to intersect the y-axis. The intersection point yields
(A) Core loss (B) Stator copper loss
(C) Stray load loss
w (D) Friction and windage loss
Sol. 10
w
Given no load test on 3-f induction motor, the graph between the input power
w
and voltage drop is shown in figure, the intersection point yield the friction and
windage loss.

Q. 11 Bundled conductors are mainly used in high voltage overhead transmission lines
to
(A) reduces transmission line losses

(B) increase mechanical strength of the line

(C) reduce corona
(D) reduce sag
n
Sol. 11 The Correct option is (C).
. i
In case of bundled conductors, We know that self GMD of conductor is increased
o
and in a conductor critical disruptive voltage of line depends upon GMD of
c
conductor. Since GMD of conductor is increased this causes critical disruptive
.
voltage is being reduced and if critical disruptive voltage is reduced, the corona
i a
loss will also be reduced.
d
Q. 12 A power system consist of 300 buses out of which 20 buses are generator bus,
o
25 buses are the ones with reactive power support and 15 buses are the ones
n
with fixed shunt capacitors. All the other buses are load buses. It is proposed to
.
perform a load flow analysis in the system using Newton-Raphson method. The
w
size of the Newton Raphson Jacobian matrix is
w
(A) 553 # 553 (B) 540 # 540
(C) 555 # 555 (D) 554 # 554
Sol. 12
w

Given that no. of buses n = 300
Generator bus = 20
Reactive power support buses = 25
Fixed buses with Shunt Capacitor
. i n
= 15
o
Slack buses (ns ) = 20 + 25 - 15 = 30
c
a Size of Jacobian Matrix is given as
a . = 2 (n - ns) # 2 (n - ns)
i
= 2 (300 - 30) # 2 (300 - 30)
o d = 540 # 540
n
Q. 13 Choose two appropriate auxiliary components of a HVDC transmission system
.
from the following
w
P. D.C line inductor
Q. A.C line inductor
w
R. Reactive power sources
w
S. Distance relays on D.C line

T. Series capacitance on A.C. line
(A) P and Q (B) P and R
(C) Q and S (D) S and T
Sol. 13 Auxiliary component in HVDC transmission system are DC line inductor and
reactive power sources.
Hence (B) is correct option.
Q. 14 A round rotor generator with internal voltage E1 = 2.0 pu and X = 1.1 pu is
connected to a round rotor synchronous motor with internal voltage E2 = 1.3
pu and X = 1.2 pu. The reactance of the line connecting the generator to the
motor is 0.5 pu. When the generator supplies 0.5 pu power, the rotor angle
difference between the machines will be

(A) 57.42c (B) 1c

(C) 32.58c (D) 122.58c
a Exchanged electrical power is being given as follows
P = EV 6sin (d1 - d2)@
Xd
. i n ...(1)
Given that P
c o
" Power supply by generator = 0.5 pu
.
E " Voltage for rotar generator = 2.0 pu
a
V " Voltage of motor rotor = 1.3 pu
i
Xd = X eq = Reactance of generator + Reactance of motor
d
+ Recatance of connecting line
o
Xd = 1.1 + 1.2 + 0.5 = 2.8
n
d1 - d2 = Rotor angle difference = ?
from eq(1),
.
0.5 = 2 # 1.3 sin (d1 - d2)
w
2.8
& d1 - d2 = sin- 1 b 2.8 # 0.5 l
w
2. 6
w
& d1 - d2 = 32.58

Q. 15 The interrupting time of a circuit breaker is the period between the instant of
(A) initiation of short circuit and the arc extinction on an opening operation
(B) energizing of the trip circuit and the arc extinction on an opening operation
n
(C) initiation of short circuit and the parting of primary arc contacts
. i
(D) energizing of the trip circuit and the parting of primary arc contacts
Sol. 15
c o
Time period between energization of trip circuit and the arc extinction on an
.
opening operation is known as the interrupting time of Circuit breaker.
i a
d
Q. 16 The variation of drain current with gate-to-source voltage (ID - VGS
o
characteristic) of a MOSFET is shown in figure. The MOSFET is
. n
w
w
w

(A) an n-channel depletion mode device
(B) an n-channel enhancement mode device
(C) an p-channel depletion mode device
(D) an p-channel enhancement mode device
Sol. 16 Since there exists a drain current for zero gate voltage (VGS = 0), so it is a
depletion mode device.
ID increases for negative values of gate voltages so it is a p-type depletion mode
device.

Q. 17 In the circuit of figure, assume that the transistor has hfe = 99 and VBE = 0.7 V.
The value of collector current IC of the transistor is approximately
. i n
c o
a .
(A) [3.3/3.3] mA
d i (B) [3.3/(3.3+3.3)] mA
o
(C) [3.3/.33] mA (D) [3.3(33+3.3)] mA
. n
Sol. 17
Applying KVL in input loop,
w
4 - (33 # 103) IB - VBE - (3.3 # 103) IE = 0
w
4 - (33 # 103) IB - 0.7 - (3.3 # 103) (hfe + 1) IB = 0
w a IE = (hfe + 1) IB
3.3 = 6(33 # 103) + (3.3 # 103) (99 + 1)@IB

IB = 3.3
33 # 10 + 3.3 # 103 # 100
3
IC = hfe IB
. i n
o
IC = 99 # 3.3 mA
c
[0.33 + 3.3] # 100
IC = 3.3
0.33 + 3.3
a
mA
.
Q. 18
d i
For the circuit of figure with an ideal operational amplifier, the maximum phase
o
shift of the output vout with reference to the input vin is
. n
w
w
w

(A) 0c
(C) + 90c
(B) - 90c
(D) !180c
Sol. 18 Let the voltages at positive and negative terminals of op-amp are v+ and v-
respectively. Then by applying nodal equations.
v- - vin + v- - vout = 0
R1 R1
2 v-- = vin + vout ..(1)
Similarly,
v+ - vin v -0
+ + =0
R 1
c jwC m

v+ - vin + v+ (jwCR) = 0
v+ (1 + jwCR) = Vin ..(2)
i n
By equation (1) & (2)
.
2vin
"a v+ = v- (ideal op-amp)
o
= vin + vout
1 + jwCR
vin ; 2 - 1E = vout
. c
a
1 + jwCR
d i
vout = vin
(1 - jwCR)
o
1 + jwCR
. n
Phase shift in output is given by
q = tan - 1 (- wCR) - tan - 1 (wCR)
w q = p - tan - 1 (wCR) - tan - 1 (wCR)
w q = p - 2 tan - 1 (wCR)
w
Maximum phase shift

q =p
Q. 19 Figure shows a 4 to 1 MUX to be used to implement the sum S of a 1-bit full
n
adder with input bits P and Q and the carry input Cin . Which of the following
. i
combinations of inputs to I0, I1, I2 and I3 of the MUX will realize the sum S ?
c o
a .
d i
n o
(A) I0 = I1 = Cin; I2 = I3 = Cin
. (B) I0 = I1 = C in; I2 = I3 = Cin
w
(C) I0 = I3 = Cin; I1 = I2 = Cin (D) I0 = I3 = C in; I1 = I2 = Cin
Sol. 19
w
In given circuit MUX implements a 1-bit full adder, so output of MUX is given
w
by.
F = Sum = A 5 Q 5 Cin
P
Truth table can be obtain as.
Q Cin Sum
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 1
0 1 0 1
0 1 1 0
1 0 0 1
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 0
1 1 1 1

Sum is.
Sum = P Q Cin + PQ Cin + P Q Cin + P Q Cin
Output of MUX can be written as
F = P Q $ I0 + PQ $ I1 + PQ $ I2 + PQ $ I3
Inputs are,
. i n
I0 = Cin, I1 = Cin, I2 = Cin, I3 = Cin
c o
Q. 20
a .
When a program is being executed in an 8085 microprocessor, its Program
i
Counter contains
d
(A) the number of instructions in the current program that have already been
o
executed
n
(B) the total number of instructions in the program being executed.
.
(C) the memory address of the instruction that is being currently executed
w
(D) the memory address of the instruction that is to be executed next
Sol. 20
w
Program counter contains address of the instruction that is to be executed next.
w

Q. 21 A control system is defined by the following mathematical relationship
d2 x + 6 dx + 5x = 12 (1 - e - 2t)
dt2 dt
n
The response of the system as t " 3 is
(A) x = 6
.
(B) x = 2
i
o
(C) x = 2.4 (D) x =- 2
Sol. 21 Given system equation is.
.c
i a
d 2 x + 6 dx + 5x = 12 (1 - e- 2t)
dt
d
dt 2
o
Taking Laplace transform on both side.
n
s2 X (s) + 6sX (s) + 5X (s) = 12 :1 - 1 D
.
s s+2
w(s2 + 6s + 5) X (s) = 12 ; 2 E
s (s + 2)
w
System transfer function is
w X (s) = 24
s (s + 2) (s + 5) (s + 1)

Response of the system as t " 3 is given by
lim f (t) = lim sF (s) (final value theorem)
t"3 s"0
= lim s ; 24
s"0 s (s + 2) (s + 5) (s + 1)E
= 24
2#5
= 2.4
Q. 22 A lead compensator used for a closed loop controller has the following transfer
function

K (1 + as )
(1 + bs )
For such a lead compensator
(A) a < b (B) b < a
n
(C) a > Kb (D) a < Kb
. i
o
Sol. 22 Transfer function of lead compensator is given by.
c
K a1 + s k
.
a
H (s) =
a
s
a1 + b k
R
d i
w V
S1 + j a a kW
o
H (jw) = K S W
SS1 + j a w kWW
. n T
b
X
w
So, phase response of the compensator is.
qh (w) = tan- 1 a w k - tan- 1 a w k
w
a b
w
Jw - wN
w (b - a)
= tan K a b2 O = tan- 1 ;
ab + w2 E
-1

KK
1+ w O
O
L ab P
qh should be positive for phase lead compensation
w (b - a)
n
qh (w) = tan- 1 ;
ab + w2 E
So, >0
. i
o
a <b
c
Hence (A) is correct option
a . 2
A second order system starts with an initial condition of = G without any
i
Q. 23
3
d
external
e - 2t 0
o
input. The state transition matrix for the system is given by = G. The state
0 e-t
. n
of the system at the end of 1 second is given by
0.271 0.135
(A) = G (B) =
0.368G
w
1.100
w
0.271 0.135
(C) = G (D) =
1.100 G
w
0.736
Sol. 23 Since there is no external input, so state is given by

X (t) = f (t) X (0)
f (t) "state transition matrix
X [0] "initial condition
e- 2t 0 2
So x (t) = > H> H
0 e- t 3
2e- 2t
x (t) = > - t H
3e
At t = 1, state of the system
2e- 2 0.271
x (t) t = 1 = > - 1H = >
2e 1.100H
Hence (A) is correct option

Q. 24 A Manganin swap resistance is connected in series with a moving coil ammeter

consisting of a milli-ammeter and a suitable shunt in order to
(A) minimise the effect of temperature variation
(B) obtain large deflecting torque
i n
(C) reduce the size of the meter
.
(D) minimise the effect of stray magnetic fields
Sol. 24
c o
In PMCC instruments, as temperature increases the coil resistance increases.
.
Swamp resistors are connected in series with the moving coil to provide
i a
temperature compensation. Swamping resistors is made of Manganin, which has
d
a zero-temperature coefficient.
n o
.
w
w
w
Q. 25

The effect of stray magnetic field on the actuating torque of a portable
instrument is maximum when the operating field of the instrument and the
n
stray fields are
. i
(A) perpendicular (B) parallel
o
(C) inclined at 60% (D) inclined at 30%
Sol. 25 The Correct option is (B).
. c
a
Effect of stray magnetic field is maximum when the operating field and stray
fields are parallel.
d i
o
Q. 26 A reading of 120 is obtained when standard inductor was connected in the
n
circuit of a Q-meter and the variable capacitor is adjusted to value of 300 pF.
.
A lossless capacitor of unknown value Cx is then connected in parallel with
w
the variable capacitor and the same reading was obtained when the variable
capacitor is readjusted to a value of 200 pF. The value of Cx in pF is
(A) 100
w (B) 200
w
(C) 300 (D) 500

Sol. 26 The Correct option is (A).
Let C1 = 300 pF
Q = 120 = 1
wC 1 R
Now when Cx is connected in parallel with variable resistor C1 ' = 200 pF
Q = 120 = 1
w (C1 ' + Cx ) R
So C1 = C1 ' + C x
300 = 200 + Cx
Cx = 100 pF
Q. 27 Figure shows a thyristor with the standard terminations of anode (A), cathode
(K), gate (G) and the different junctions named J1, J2 and J3. When the

thyristor is turned on and conducting
. i n
c o
a .
i
(A) J1 and J2 are forward biased and J3 is reverse biased
d
(B) J1 and J3 are forward biased and J2 is reverse biased
o
(C) J1 is forward biased and J2 and J3 are reverse biased
. n
(D) J1, J2 and J3 are all forward biased
w
Sol. 27 When thyristor turned on at that time J2 junction will break. So J1, J2, J3 all
are in forward bias.
w
Q. 28
w
Figure shows a MOSFET with an integral body diode. It is employed as a

power switching device in the ON and OFF states through appropriate control.
The ON and OFF states of the switch are given on the VDS - IS plane by
. i n
c o
a .
d i
n o
.
w
w
w

Sol. 28 The ON-OFF state of switch is given on VDS - IS plane as following
When VDS =+ ve , diode conducts and IS = 0

VDS =- ve , diode opens, but IS = 0 , D "- ve potential.


Q. 29 The speed/torque regimes in a dc motor and the control methods suitable for
the same are given respectively in List-II and List-I
List-I List-II
i n
P. Field Control 1. Below base speed
.
Q. Armature Control 2. Above base speed
o
3. Above base torque
. c
4. Below base torque
a
Codes:
i
(A) P-1, Q-3 (B) P-2, Q-1
(C) P-2, Q-3
o d (D) P-1, Q-4
n
.
P. Field control-Above base speed
w
Q. Armature control-below base torque
w
Q. 30 A fully controlled natural commutated 3-phase bridge rectifier is operating with
a firing angle a = 30c, The peak to peak voltage ripple expressed as a ratio of
w
the peak output dc voltage at the output of the converter bridge is

(A) 0.5 (B) 3 /2
(C) c1 - 3 m (D) 3 -1
2

As we know in fully controlled rectifier.
. i n
c o
VPP = Vm - Vm cos (p/6 + a) a a = 30c
.
or VPP = Vm [1 - cos (p/6 + 30c)]
a
or VPP
= 0.5
i
Vm
Q. 31 - 90 carry two marks each

o d
Q. 31
. n
In the circuit of figure, the magnitudes of VL and VC are twice that of VR . Given
w
that f = 50 Hz , the inductance of the coil is
w
w

(A) 2.14 mH (B) 5.30 H
(C) 31.8 mH (D) 1.32 H
Sol. 31 Given that magnitudes of VL and VC are twice of VR
VL = VC = 2VR (Circuit is at resonance)
Voltage across inductor
VL = iR # jwL
Current iR at resonance
iR = 5+0 = 5 = 1 A
%
R 5

so, VL = wL = 2VR
wL = 2 # 5 VR = 5 V, at resonance
2 # p # 50 # L = 10
L = 10 = 31.8 mH
314
. i n
o
Q. 32 In figure, the potential difference between points P and Q is
. c
i a
o d
. n
w
w
(A) 12 V
w (B) 10 V

(C) - 6 V (D) 8 V
Applying nodal analysis in the circuit
i n
At node P
2 + VP - 10 + VP = 0
2 8
o.
16 + 4VP - 40 + VP = 0
. c
a
5VP - 24 = 0
&
d5i
VP = 24 Volt
o
At node Q
n
VQ - 10 VQ - 0
.
2= +
4 6
w 24 = 3VQ - 30 + 2VQ
w
5VQ - 54 = 0
w
& VQ = 54 V
5

Potential difference between P-Q
VPQ = VP - VQ
= 24 - 54 =- 6 V
5 5
Q. 33 Two ac sources feed a common variable resistive load as shown in figure.
Under the maximum power transfer condition, the power absorbed by the load
resistance RL is

(A) 2200 W (B) 1250 W

(C) 1000 W (D) 625 W
Sol. 33 First obtain equivalent Thevenin circuit across load RL
. i n
c o
a .
Thevenin voltage
d i
o
Vth - 110+0c + Vth - 90+0c 0
n
6 + 8j 6 + 8j =
. 2Vth - 200+0c = 0
&
w Vth = 100+0c V
w
Thevenin impedance
w

. i n
Zth = (6 + 8j) W || (6 + 8j) W
o
= (3 + 4j) W
c
.
For maximum power transfer
i a
RL = Zth = 32 + 42 = 5 W
o d
. n
w
w
Power in load
w
2
P = ieff RL

P = 100 2
5
3 + 4j + 5 #
(100) 2
= 5 = 625 Watt
80 #
Q. 34 In figure, the value of R is

. i n
c o
(A) 10 W
.
(B) 18 W
a
i
(C) 24 W (D) 12 W
Sol. 34
o d
By applying mesh analysis in the circuit
. n
w
w
w

I1 = 10 A, I2 =- 5 A
Current in 2 W resistor
n
I2W = I1 - (- I2)
= 10 - (- 5) = 15 A
. i
o
So, voltage VA = 15 # 2 = 30 Volt
c
Now we can easily find out current in all branches as following
a .
d i
n o
.
w
w
w
Current in resistor R is 5 A
5 = 100 - 40

R
R = 60 = 12 W
5
Q. 35 A balanced delta connected load of (8 + j6) W per phase is connected to a 400
V, 50 Hz, 3-phase supply lines. If the input power factor is to be improved to
0.9 by connecting a bank of star connected capacitor the required kVAR of the
of the bank is
(A) 42.7 (B) 10.2
(C) 28.8 (D) 38.4

Given data
A balanced delta connected load = 8 + 6j = 2
V2 = 400 volt
Improved Power Factor cos f2 = 0.9
n
f1 = tan- 1 ^6/8h = 36.85c
f2 = cos- 1 (0.9) = 25.84c
. i
I = V = 400 = 400
c o
= 40+ - 36.86c
.
Z 8 + 6j 10+36.86c
a
I = 32 - j24
as
d i
Since Power factor is Improved by connecting a Y-connected capacitor bank like
n o
.
w
w
w

Phasor diagram is being given by as follows
. i n
c o
.
In figure oa = I l cos f2 = I cos f1
I l cos 25.84c = 32
I l # 0.9 = 32
i a
d
Il = 35.55
o
ac = 24 Amp. (ac = I sin f1)
n
ab = I l sin f2 = 35.55 sin 25.84c
. ab = 15.49 Amp
w
Ic = bc = ac - ab = 24 - 15.49 = 8.51 Amp
w
KVAR of Capacitor bank = 3 # V # IC
1000
w = 3 # 400 # 8.51
1000

= 10.2 KVAR
Q. 36 In the circuit shown in figure, the switch S is closed at time (t = 0). The
voltage across the inductance at t = 0+ , is
(A) 2 V (B) 4 V
(C) - 6 V (D) 8 V

Sol. 36 Before t = 0 , the switch was opened so current in inductor and voltage across
capacitor for t < 0 is zero
vc (0-) = 0 , iL (0- ) = 0
at t = 0 , when the switch is closed, inductor current and capacitor voltage does
n
not change simultaneously so
vc (0+) = vc (0-) = 0 , iL (0+) = iL (0-) = 0
. i
o
At t = 0+ the circuit is
. c
i a
o d
. n
w
Simplified circuit
w
w

Voltage across inductor (at t = 0+ )
i
vL (0+) = 10 # 2 = 4 Volt
3+2
. n
c o
Q. 37
a .
The h-parameters for a two-port network are defined by
i
E1 h11 h12 I1
= I G = =h h G =E G
d
2 21 22 2
o
For the two-port network shown in figure, the value of h12 is given by
. n
w
w
w

(A) 0.125 (B) 0.167
(C) 0.625 (D) 0.25
Sol. 37 The Correct option is (D).
Given that E1 = h11 I1 + h12 E2
and I2 = h21 I1 + h22 E2
Parameter h12 is given as
h12 = E1
E2 I = 0 (open circuit)
1

. i n
o
At node A
c
E A - E1 + E A - E 2 + E A = 0
.
2 2 4
i a
5EA = 2E1 + 2E2 ...(1)
d
Similarly
o
E1 - E A + E1 = 0
n
2 2
. 2E1 = EA ...(2)
From (1) and (2)
w
w 5 (2E1) = 2E1 + 2E2
w
8E1 = 2E2
h12 = E1 = 1

E2 4
Q. 38 A point charge of +I nC is placed in a space with permittivity of 8.85 # 10 - 12
F/m as shown in figure. The potential difference VPQ between two points P and
i n
Q at distance of 40 mm and 20 mm respectively fr0m the point charge is
o.
. c
(A) 0.22 kV
i a (B) - 225 V
(C) - 2.24 kV
o d (D) 15 V
. n
VPQ = VP - VQ
w KQ KQ
w
= -
OP OQ
w
9
= 9 # 10 # 1 # 10- 9 - 9 # 109 # 1 # 10- 9
40 # 10- 3 20 # 10- 3
Q. 39
= 9 # 103 : 1 - 1 D =- 225 Volt
40 20
A parallel plate capacitor has an electrode area of 100 mm2, with spacing of
0.1 mm between the electrodes. The dielectric between the plates is air with
a permittivity of 8.85 # 10 - 12 F/m. The charge on the capacitor is 100 V. The
stored energy in the capacitor is
(A) 8.85 pJ (B) 440 pJ
(C) 22.1 nJ (D) 44.3 nJ
Energy stored in Capacitor is
E = 1 CV2
2

C = e0 A
d
- 12 -6
= 8.85 # 10 # 100 -3
# 10
0.1 # 10
= 8.85 # 10- 12 F
E = 1 # 8.85 # 10- 12 # (100) 2
. i n
o
2
. c
= 44.3 nJ
a
A composite parallel plate capacitor is made up of two different dielectric
i
Q. 40
material with different thickness (t1 and t2 ) as shown in figure. The two different
conducting foil is
o d
dielectric materials are separated by a conducting foil F. The voltage of the
. n
w
w
(A) 52 V
w (B) 60 V

(C) 67 V (D) 33 V
Sol. 40 The figure is as shown below
. i n
c o
a .
d i
The Capacitor shown in Figure is made up of two capacitor C1 and C2 connected
o
in series.
. n C1 = e0 er1 A , C2 = e0 er2 A
w
t1 t2
w
Since C1 and C2 are in series charge on both capacitor is same.
Q1 = Q 2
w C1 (100 - V) = C2 V (Let V is the voltage of foil)

e0 er1 A (100 - V) = e0 er2 A V
t1 t2
3 (100 - V) = 4 V
0.5 1
300 - 3V = 2V
300 = 5V & V = 60 Volt
Q. 41 Figure shows an ideal single-phase transformer. The primary and secondary
coils are wound on the core as shown. Turns ratio N1 /N2 = 2 .The correct
phasors of voltages E1, E2 , currents I1, I2 and core flux F are as shown in

. i n
c o
a .
d i
n o
.
w
w
w

Sol. 41 Correct Option is ( )
Q. 42 To conduct load test on a dc shunt motor, it is coupled to a generator which
is identical to the motor. The field of the generator is also connected to the
i n
same supply source as the motor. The armature of generator is connected
.
to a load resistance. The armature resistance is 0.02 p.u. Armature reaction
o
and mechanical losses can be neglected. With rated voltage across the motor,
. c
the load resistance across the generator is adjusted to obtain rated armature
current in both motor and generator. The p.u value of this load resistance is
(A) 1.0
ia (B) 0.98
d
(C) 0.96 (D) 0.94
Sol. 42
n o
.
w
w
w

Given that:
The armature resistance in per unit is 0.2
so,
Ra = 0.2
back emf equation of motor is
Eb = V - Ia Ra
given that no mechanical losses and armature reaction is neglected, so per unit
value of emf induced by motor is
Eb = 0.98
The DC shunt motor is mechanically coupled by the generator so the emf
induced by motor and generator is equal
Eg = Eb

so voltage generated by the generator is

V = 0.98 - 1 # 0.2 = 0.96
per unit value of load resistance is equal to 0.96
Q. 43 Figure shows a 3- Y connected, 3-phase distribution transformer used to step
i n
down the voltage from 11000 V to 415 V line-to-line. It has two switches S1 and
.
S 2 . Under normal conditions S1 is closed and S 2 is open. Under certain special
o
conditions S1 is open and S 2 is closed. In such a case the magnitude of the
. c
voltage across the LV terminals a and c is
i a
o d
. n
w
w
(A) 240 V (B) 480 V
w
(C) 415 V (D) 0 V

Sol. 43 Given that when the switch S 1 is closed and S 2 is open then the 11000 V is step
down at 415 V output
Second time when the switch S 1 is open and switch S 2 is closed then 2-phase
n
supply is connected to the transformer then the ratio of voltage is
. i
V1 = N1 = 11000 = 26.50
V2 N2 415
c o
The output terminal a and c are in opposite phase so cancelled with each other
.
and terminal is equal to zero volt.
i a
d
Q. 44 Figure shows an ideal three-winding transformer. The three windings 1, 2,
o
3 of the transformer are wound on the same core as shown. The turns ratio
n
N1: N2: N3 is 4: 2: 1. A resistor of 10 W is connected across winding-2. A capacitor
.
of reactance 2.5 W is connected across winding-3. Winding-1 is connected across
w
a 400 V, ac supply. If the supply voltage phasor V1 = 400+0% , the supply current
phasor I1 is given by
w
w

(A) (- 10 + j10) A (B) (- 10 - j10) A
(C) (10 + j10) A (D) (10 - j10) A
Sol. 44 Given that
N1 : N2: N 3 is 4: 2: 1
Resistance R = 10 W
V1 = 400 V
so,

V1 = N1 = 4
V2 N2 2
V2 = 2V1
4
= 200 V
. i n
o
and
c
V1 = N1 = 4
.
V3 N3 1
V3 = 100 V
i a
so current in secondary winding
o
I2 = V2 = 200 d
n
R 10
.
w
I2 = 20 A
w
The current in third winding when the capacitor is connected
so
w I 3 = V3 = 100 = j40
- jXc - j2.5

When the secondary winding current I2 is referred to primary side i.e I 1'
So
I 1' = N2 = 2
i n
I2 N1 4
I 1' = 20 = 10 A
2
o.
. c
a
and winding third current I 3 is referred to Primary side i.e I 1'' . I 3 flows to opposite
to I1
So
d i
- I3
n o
I 1'' = N 3 = 1
.
N1 4
''
I =- j10
w
1
So total current in primary winding is
w
I1 = I 1'' + I 2''
= 10 - j10 A
w
Q. 45
Following are some of the properties of rotating electrical machines
P. Stator winding current is dc, rotor winding current is ac.
Q. Stator winding current is ac, rotor winding current is dc.
R. Stator winding current is ac, rotor winding current is ac.
S. Stator has salient poles and rotor has commutator.
T. Rotor has salient poles and sliprings and stator is cylindrical.
U. Both stator and rotor have poly-phase windings.
DC machines, Synchronous machines and Induction machines exhibit some of
the above properties as given in the following table.
Indicate the correct combination from this table

DC Synchronous Induction
Machine Machines Machines
(A) P,S Q,T R,U
(B) Q,U P,T R,S
i n
(C) P,S R,U Q,T
.
(D) R,S Q,U P,T
c o
.
Given that:
a
P Stator winding current is dc, rotor winding current is ac
i
Q Stator winding current is ac, rotor winding current is dc
d
o
R Stator winding current is ac, rotor winding current is ac
n
S Stator has salient pole and rotor has commutator
.
T Rotor has salient pole and slip rings and stator is cylindrical
w
U Both stator and rotor have poly-phase windings
w
So
DC motor/machines:
w
The stator winding is connected to dc supply and rotor winding flows ac current.

Stator is made of salient pole and Commutator is connected to the rotor so rotor
winding is supply ac power.
Induction machines:
i n
In induction motor the ac supply is connected to stator winding and rotor and
stator are made of poly-phase windings.
.
c o
.
Synchronous machines:
a
In this type machines the stator is connected to ac supply but rotor winding is
i
excited by dc supply. The rotor is made of both salient pole and slip rings and
d
stator is made of cylindrical.
Q. 46
n o
When stator and rotor windings of a 2-pole rotating electrical machine are
.
excited, each would produce a sinusoidal mmf distribution in the airgap with
w
peal values Fs and Fr respectively. The rotor mmf lags stator mmf by a space
angle d at any instant as shown in figure. Thus, half of stator and rotor surfaces
w
will form one pole with the other half forming the second pole. Further, the
w
direction of torque acting on the rotor can be clockwise or counter-clockwise.
The following table gives four set of statement as regards poles and torque. Select
the correct set corresponding to the mmf axes as shown in figure.

Stator Stator Rotor Rotor Torque

Surface Surface Surface surface is
ABC forms CDA forms abc forms cda forms
(A) North Pole South Pole North Pole South Pole Clockwise
i n
(B) South Pole North Pole North Pole South Pole Counter
.
Clockwise
o
(C) North Pole South Pole South Pole North Pole Counter
c
Clockwise
.
(D) South Pole North Pole South Pole North Pole
Clockwise
Sol. 46 Given that
i a
d
Fs is the peak value of stator mmf axis. Fr is the peak value of
o
rotor mmf axis. The rotor mmf lags stator mmf by space angle
n
d. The direction of torque acting on the rotor is clockwise or counter clockwise.
.
When the opposite pole is produced in same half portion of stator and rotor
w
then the rotor moves. So portion of stator is north-pole in ABC and rotor abc is
w
produced south pole as well as portion surface CDA is produced south pole and
the rotor cda is produced North pole.
w
The torque direction of the rotor is clock wise and torque at surface is in counter

clockwise direction.
Q. 47 A 4-pole, 3-phase, double-layer winding is housed in a 36-slot stator for an ac
n
machine with 60c phase spread. Coil span is 7 short pitches. Number of slots in
. i
which top and bottom layers belong to different phases is
o
(A) 24 (B) 18
. c
(C) 12 (D) 0
i a
Sol. 47 Given that:
d
A 4-pole, 3-f, double layer winding has 36 slots stator with 60c phase spread, coil
o
span is 7 short pitched
n
so,
.
Pole pitch = slot
pole
w = 36 = 9
w
4
Slot/pole/phase = 3
so,
w

3-slots in one phase, if it is chorded by 2 slots then
Out of 3 " 2 have different phase
Out of 36 " 24 have different phase.
Q. 48 A 3-phase induction motor is driving a constant torque load at rated voltage
and frequency. If both voltage and frequency are halved, following statements
relate to the new condition if stator resistance, leakage reactance and core loss
are ignored
1. The difference between synchronous speed and actual speed remains same
2. The airgap flux remains same
3. The stator current remains same
4. The p.u. slip remains same

Among the above, current statements are

(A) All (B) 1, 2 and 3
(C) 2, 3 and 4 (D) 1 and 4
n
Sol. 48 Given that:
. i
3-f induction motor is driving a constant load torque at rated voltage and
o
frequency. Voltage and frequency are halved and stator resistance, leakage
c
reactance and core losses are ignored.
.
Then the motor synchronous speed and actual speed difference are same.
a
120f
i
Ns =
P
o d
The leakage reactance are ignored then the air gap flux remains same and the
stator resistance are ignored then the stator current remain same.
.
n
w
Q. 49 A single-phase induction motor with only the main winding excited would
w
exhibit the following response at synchronous speed
(A) Rotor current is zero
w
(B) Rotor current is non-zero and is at slip frequency

(C) Forward and backward rotaling fields are equal
(D) Forward rotating field is more than the backward rotating field
Sol. 49 Given that:
i n
1-f induction motor main winding excited then the rotating field of motor changes,
.
the forward rotating field of motor is greater then the back ward rotating field.
c o
Q. 50
a .
A dc series motor driving and electric train faces a constant power load. It is
i
running at rated speed and rated voltage. If the speed has to be brought down
d
to 0.25 p.u. the supply voltage has to be approximately brought down to
o
(A) 0.75 p.u (B) 0.5 p.u
n
(C) 0.25 p.u (D) 0.125 p.u
Given that:
.
w
Sol. 50
A dc series motor driving a constant power load running at rated speed and rated
w
voltage. Its speed brought down 0.25 pu. Then
w
Emf equation of dc series motor
E = V - (Ra + Rse)

Ra + Rse = R
so, E = V - IR
= KfN
then N = E
Kf
In series motor faI
so, N = V - IR
KI
At constant power load
E # I = T # W = Const ...(1)
2
T = KfI = KI ...(2)
If W is decreased then torque increases to maintain power constant.
T \ I2

W = 1 then T = 4
4
So current is increased 2 time and voltage brought down to 0.5 pu.
Q. 51
. i n
The ABCD parameters of a 3-phase overhead transmission line are
A = D = 0.9+0c, B = 200+90c W and C = 0.95 # 10 - 3 +90% S . At no-load
o
condition a shunt inductive, reactor is connected at the receiving end of the line
c
.
to limit the receiving-end voltage to be equal to the sending-end voltage. The
a
ohmic value of the reactor is
i
(A) 3 W (B) 2000 W
(C) 105.26 W
o d (D) 1052.6 W
n
.
Given that ABCD parameters of line as
w
A = D = 0.9+0c, B = 200+90% W , C = 0.95 # 10 - 3 +90% S .
w
at no-load condition,
Receiving end voltage (VR) = sending end voltage (VS )
w ohmic value of reactor = ?

We know VS = AVR + BIR
a VS = VR
VR = AVR + BIR
VR (1 - A) = BIR
. i n
o
VR = B
c
IR 1-A
a .
= 200+90c
i
1 - 0.9+0c
d
VR = 2000+90c
o
IR
n
The ohmic value of reactor = 2000 W
.
w
Q. 52 A surge of 20 kV magnitude travels along a lossless cable towards its junction
with two identical lossless overhead transmission lines. The inductance and the
w
capacitance of the cable are 0.4 mH and 0.5 mF per km. The inductance and
w
capacitance of the overhead transmission lines are 1.5 mH and 0.015 mF per
km. The magnitude of the voltage at the junction due to surge is

(A) 36.72 kV (B) 18.36 kV
(C) 6.07 kV (D) 33.93 kV
Surge impedance of cable
Z1 = L ; L = 0.4 mH/km, C = 0.5 mF /km
C
= 0.4 # 10- 3 = 28.284

0.5 # 10- 6
surge impedance of overhead transmission line
Z2 = Z 3 = L ; L = 1.5 mm/km, C = 0.015 mF/km
C

Z2 = Z 3 = 1.5 # 10- 5 = 316.23

0.015 # 10- 6
Now the magnitude of voltage at junction due to surge is being given by as
Vl = 2 # V # Z2 V = 20 kV
Z 2 + Z1
3
= 2 # 20 # 10 # 316.23
316 + 28.284
. i n
= 36.72 kV
c o
Q. 53
a .
A dc distribution system is shown in figure with load current as marked. The
i
two ends of the feeder are fed by voltage sources such that VP - VQ = 3 V. The
d
value of the voltage VP for a minimum voltage of 220 V at any point along the
o
feeder is
. n
w
w
w

(A) 225.89 V (B) 222.89 V
(C) 220.0 V (D) 228.58 V
n
Sol. 53 Let that current in line is I amp than
i
from figure current in line section PR is (I - 10) amp
o.
current in line section RS is (I - 10 - 20) = (I - 30) amp
current in SQ Section is (I - 30 - 30) = (I - 60) amp
Given that VP and VQ are such that
. c
VP - VQ = 3 V
i a
o
by applying KVL through whole line
d
n
VP - VQ = (I - 10) 0.1 + (I - 30) 0.15 + (I - 60) # 0.2
.
& 3 = 0.45I - 17.5
w
w
I = 20.5 = 45.55 amp
0.45
w
Now the line drop is being given as
= (I - 10) 0.1 + (I - 30) 0.15 + (I - 60) 0.2
= (33.55) 0.1 + (15.55) 0.15 + (14.45) 0.2

= 8.58 V
The value of VP for minimum voltage of 220 V at any feeder is
= 220 + Line voltage
= 220 + 8.58
= 228.58 V
Q. 54 A 3-phase 11 kV generator feeds power to a constant power unity power factor
load of 100 MW through a 3-phase transmission line. The line-to line voltage
at the terminals of the machine is maintained constant at 11 kV. The per unit
positive sequence impedance of the line based on 100 MVA and 11 kV is j0.2 .
The line to line voltage at the load terminals is measured to be less than 11 kV.

The total reactive power to be injected at the terminals of the load to increase
the line-to-line voltage at the load terminals to 11 kV is
(A) 100 MVAR (B) 10.1 MVAR
(C) - 100 MVAR (D) - 10.1 MVAR
Given Load Power = 100 MW
. i n
VS = VR = 11 kV
c o
Impedance of line ZL =
a .
p.u. # (kV) 2
i
MV
d
j0.2 # (11) 2
= = j0.242 W
o
100
. n
VS VR sin d
We know PL =
X
w 3
100 # 106 = 11 # 10 # 11 # 10 sin d
3
w
0.242
w
100 # 0.242 = sin d
121

Reactive Power is being given by
VS VR
d = sin- 1 (0.2) = 11.537c
VR 2
n
QL = cos d -
i
X X
.
3 2
3 3 (11 # 10 )
o
= 11 # 10 # 11 # 10 cos (11.537c) -
0.242 0.242
. c
6
= 121 # 10 [cos (11.537c) - 1]
a
0.242
i
=- 10.1 MVAR
d
o
Q. 55 The bus impedance matrix of a 4-bus power system is given by
n
Rj0.3435 j0.2860 j0.2723 j0.2277 V
.
S W
Sj0.2860 j0.3408 j0.2586 j0.2414 W
w
Z bus = S
j0.2723 j0.2586 j0.2791 j0.2209 W
S W
w
Sj0.2277 j0.2414 j0.2209 j0.2791 W
T X
w
A branch having an impedance of j0.2 W is connected between
bus 2 and the reference. Then the values of Z22,new and Z23,new of the bus impedance

matrix of the modified network are respectively
(A) j0.5408 W and j0.4586 W
(B) j0.1260 W and j0.0956 W
(C) j0.5408 W and j0.0956 W
(D) j0.1260 W and j0.1630 W
Given the bus Impedance Matrix of a 4-bus Power System
R V
Sj0.3435 j0.2860 j0.2723 j0.2277W
Sj0.2860 j0.3408 j0.2586 j0.2414W
Z bus = S W
Sj0.2723 j0.2586 j0.2791 j0.2209W
Sj0.2277 j0.2414 j0.2209 j0.2791W
T X

Now a branch os j0.2 W is connected between bus 2 and reference

RZ V
1 SSh WW Z g Z
ij
Zij + Zb S W8 ji jnB
ZB(New) = ZB (Old) -
SZnjW
n
T X
i
New element Zb = j0.2 W is connected in jth and reference bus
.
j = 2 , n = 4 so
o
R V
SZ12W
.c
1 SZ22W
Zij + Zb SSZ23WW 8 21 22 23 24B
Z Z Z Z
SZ24W
i a
d
T X
R V
o
Sj0.2860W
n
Sj0.3408W
.
= 1 S W8j0.2860 j0.3408 j0.2586 j0.2414B ...(1)
6j (0.3408) + j0.2@ Sj0.2586W
w
Sj0.2414W
T X
w
Given that we are required to change only Z22, Z23
w
j2 (0.3408) 2
So in equation (1) Zl22 = = j0.2147
j (0.5408)
Zl23 =
j2 (0.3408) (0.2586)
0.5408
= j0.16296
Z22(New) = Z22(Old) - Zl22 = j0.3408 - j0.2147 = j0.1260
. i n
Z23(New) = Z23 (Old) - Zl23 = j0.2586 - j0.16296 = j0.0956
o
Q. 56 A 20-MVA, 6.6-kV, 3-phase alternator is connected to a 3-phase transmission
.c
line. The per unit positive-sequence, negative-sequence and zero-sequence
impedances of the alternator are j0.1, j0.1 and j0.04 respectively. The neutral
i a
of the alternator is connected to ground through an inductive reactor of
d
j0.05 p.u. The per unit positive-, negative- and zero-sequence impedances of
o
transmission line are
n
j0.1, j0.1 and j0.3, respectively. All per unit values are based on the machine
.
ratings. A solid ground fault occurs at one phase of the far end of the
w
transmission line. The voltage of the alternator neutral with respect to ground
during the fault is
(A) 513.8 V
w (B) 889.9 V
w
(C) 1112.0 V (D) 642.2 V

Sol. 56 Total zero sequence impedance, + ve sequence impedance and - ve sequence
impedances
Z0 = (Z 0) Line + (Z 0) Generator = j0.04 + j0.3 = j0.34 pu
Z1 = (Z1) Line + (Z1) Generator = j0.1 + j0.1 = j0.2 pu
Z2 = (Z2) Line + (Z2) Generator = j0.1 + j0.1 = j0.2 pu
Zn = j0.05 pu
for L-G fault
Ia1 = Ea
Z 0 + Z 1 + Z 2 + 3Z n
= 0.1
j0.2 + j0.2 + j0.34 + j0.15

=- j1.12 pu
generator MVA 20 # 106
IB = = = 1750 Amp
3 generator kV 3 # 6.6 # 103
Fault current
I f = (3Ia) IB
. i n
= 3 (- j1.12) (1750) =- j5897.6 Amp
Neutral Voltage
c o
.
Vn = I f Zn
and
i
Zn = ZB # Z pu
a
d
(6.6) 2
= 0.05 = 0.1089 W
o
20 #
. n
Vn = 5897.6 # 0.1089
w
Vn = 642.2 V
w
Q. 57
w
Incremental fuel costs (in some appropriate unit) for a power plant consisting of

three generating units are
IC1 = 20 + 0.3P1, IC2 = 30 + 0.4P2, IC3 = 30
Where P1 is the power in MW generated by unit i for i = 1, 2 and 3. Assume
n
that all the three units are operating all the time. Minimum and maximum loads
. i
on each unit are 50 MW and 300 MW respectively. If the plant is operating on
o
economic load dispatch to supply the total power demand of 700 MW, the power
c
generated by each unit is
.
(A) P1 = 242.86 MW; P2 = 157.14 MW; and P3 = 300 MW
a
i
(B) P1 = 157.14 MW; P2 = 242.86 MW; and P3 = 300 MW
o d
(C) P1 = 300 MW; P2 = 300 MW; and P3 = 100 MW
(D) P1 = 233.3 MW; P2 = 233.3 MW; and P3 = 233.4 MW
. n
w
w
We know that Optimal Generation
IC1 = IC2 , and P3 = 300 MW (maximum load)
w IC 3 = 30 (Independent of load)

20 + 0.3P1 = 30 + 0.4 P2
0.3P1 - 0.4P2 = 10 ...(1)
P1 + P2 + P3 = 700
P1 + P2 + 300 = 700
P1 + P2 = 400 ...(2)
From equation (1) and (2)
P1 = 242.8 MW
P2 = 157.14 MW

Q. 58 A list of relays and the power system components protected by the relays are
given in List-I and List-II respectively. Choose the correct match from the four
choices given below:
Group I Group II
i n
P Distance relay 1. Transformers
Q Under frequency relay 2.
.
Turbines
o
c
R Differential relay 3. Busbars
S Buchholz relay
a .
4. Shunt capacitors
i
5. Alternators
d
6. Transmission lines
o
Codes:
. n
P Q R S
(A) 6 5 3 1
(B) 4 3 2
w 1
w
(C) 5 2 1 6
(D) 6 4 5 3
Sol. 58
w
The Correct option is (A).

For transmission line protection-distance relay
For alternator protection-under frequency relay
For bus bar protection-differential relay
n
For transformer protection-Buchholz relay
Q. 59
. i
A generator delivers power of 1.0 p.u. to an infinite bus through a purely
o
reactive network. The maximum power that could be delivered by the generator
c
.
is 2.0 p.u. A three-phase fault occurs at the terminals of the generator which
a
reduces the generator output to zero. The fault is cleared after tc second. The
d i
original network is then restored. The maximum swing of the rotor angle is
found to be dmax = 110 electrical degree. Then the rotor angle in electrical
o
degrees at t = tc is
. n
(A) 55 (B) 70
w
(C) 69.14 (D) 72.4
w
w

We know by equal area criteria
dm
PS (dm - d0) = #d
C
Pmax sin ddd
Pmax sin d0 (dm - d0) = Pmax [cos d0 - cos dm] ...(1)

Pmax =2
P0 = Pmax sin d0 = 1
d0 = 30c
dmax = 110c (given)

Now from equation (1)

2 sin 30c (110 - 30) p = 2 [cos dc - cos 110c]
180
0.5 # 80p = cos dc + 0.342
n
180
. i
cos dc = 0.698 - 0.342
o
dc = 69.138c
Q. 60
. c
A three-phase alternator generating unbalanced voltages is connected
i a
to an unbalanced load through a 3-phase transmission line as shown
d
in figure. The neutral of the alternator and the star point of the
o
load are solidly grounded. The phase voltages of the alternator are
n
Ea = 10+0c V, Eb = 10+ - 90c V, Ec = 10+120c V . The positive-sequence
.
component of the load current is
w
w
w

n
(A) 1.310+ - 107c A (B) 0.332+ - 120c A
(C) 0.996+ - 120c A
. i
(D) 3.510+ - 81c A
c o
.
a
a Both sides are granted
So,
Za 2j i
Ia = Ea = 10+0c = 5+ - 90c
d
o
Ib = Eb = 10+ - 90c = 3.33+ - 180c
n
.
Zb 3j
w
Ic = Ec = 10+120c = 2.5+30c
Zc 4j
We know
w Ia = 1 [Ia + aIb + a2 Ic]
w
1
3
where a = 1+120c & a2 = 1+240c
Ia1 = 1 [5+ - 90c + 3.33+ ^- 180c + 120ch + 2.5+ ^240c + 30ch]

3
Ia1 = 1 [5+ - 90c + 3.33+ - 60c + 2.5+270c]

3
= 1 [- 5j + 1.665 - j2.883 - 2.5j]

3
= 1 [1.665 - j10.383]
3
= 3.5+ - 80.89c

Q. 61 For the n-channel enhancement MOSFET shown in figure, the threshold voltage
Vth = 2 V. The drain current ID of the MOSFET is 4 mA when the drain
resistance RD is 1 kW.If the value of RD is increased to 4 kW, drain current ID
will become
. i n
c o
a .
d i
o
(A) 2.8 mA (B) 2.0 mA
. n
(C) 1.4 mA (D) 1.0 mA
w
w
Sol. 61 For a n -channel enhancement mode MOSFET transition point is given by,
VDS (sat) = VGS - VTH a VTH = 2 volt
w
VDS (sat) = VGS - 2
From the circuit,
So VDS = VGS
VDS (sat) = VDS - 2 & VDS = VDS (sat) + 2
VDS > VDS (sat)
i n
Therefore transistor is in saturation region and current equation is given by.
.
ID = K (VGS - VTH ) 2
o
4 = K (VGS - 2) 2
. c
VGS is given by
VGS = VDS = 10 - ID RD
= 10 - 4 # 1 = 6 Volt
i a
d
So, 4 = K (6 - 2) 2
o
K =1
n
4
.
Now RD is increased to 4 kW, Let current is ID' and voltages are VDS
' '
= VGS
w
Applying current equation.
ID' = K (VGS
'
- VTH ) 2
w
ID' = 1 (VGS
w
'
- 2) 2
4

' '
VGS = VDS = 10 - ID' # RD'
= 10 - 4ID'
So,
4ID' = (10 - 4ID' - 2) 2
4ID' = (8 - 4ID' ) 2
4ID' = 16 (2 - ID' ) 2
ID' = 4 (4 + I'D2 - 4ID' )
2
4I'D - 17 + 16 = 0
I'D2 = 2.84 mA

Q. 62 Assuming the operational amplifier to be ideal, the gain vout /vin for the circuit
shown in figure is
. i n
c o
a .
i
(A) - 1 (B) - 20
d
(C) - 100 (D) - 120
o
Let the voltages at input terminals of op-amp are v- and v+ respectively.
Sol. 62
. n
So, v+ = v- = 0 (ideal op-amp)
w
w
w

Applying node equation at negative terminal of op-amp,
n
0 - vin + 0 - vx = 0
i
...(1)
.
1 10
o
At node x
. c
vx - 0 + vx - vout + vx - 0 = 0
10 10 1
i a
vx + vx - vout + 10vx = 0
o d 12 vx = vout
vx = vout
. n
12
w
From equation (1),
vin + vx = 0
w
1 10
w
vin =- vout
120

vout =- 120
vin
Q. 63 A voltage signal 10 sin wt is applied to the circuit with ideal diodes, as shown in
figure, The maximum, and minimum values of the output waveform Vout of the
circuit are respectively

. i n
c o
.
(A) + 10 V and - 10 V (B) + 4 V and - 4 V
a
(C) + 7 V and - 4 V (D) + 4 V and - 7 V
Sol. 63
d i
In the positive half cycle (when Vin > 4 V ) diode D2 conducts and D1 will be off
o
so the equivalent circuit is,
. n
w
w
w
Vout = + 4 Volt
. i n
In the negative half cycle diode D1 conducts and D2 will be off so the circuit is,
c o
a .
d i
n o
.
w
Applying KVL
Vin - 10I + 4 - 10I = 0
w
w
Vin + 4 = I
20

Vin =- 10 V (Maximum value in negative half cycle)
So, I = - 10 + 4 =- 3 mA
20 10
Vin - Vout = I
10
- 10 - Vout =- 3
10 10
Vout =- (10 - 3)
Vout =- 7 volt

Q. 64 The circuit of figure shows a 555 Timer IC connected as an astable multi-

vibrator. The value of the capacitor C is 10 nF. The values of the resistors
RA and RB for a frequency of 10 kHz and a duty cycle of 0.75 for the output
voltage waveform are
. i n
c o
a .
d i
n o
.
w
(A) RA = 3.62 kW, RB = 3.62 kW
RA = 3.62 kW, RB = 7.25 kW
w
(B)
(C) RA = 7.25 kW, RB = 3.62 kW
(D)
w
RA = 7.25 kW, RB = 7.25 kW

Sol. 64 In the circuit, the capacitor charges through resistor (RA + RB) and discharges
through RB . Charging and discharging time is given as.
n
TC = 0.693 (RA + RB) C
TD = 0.693 RB C
. i
Frequency f= 1 = 1
TD + TC
=
c o 1
0.693 (RA + 2RB) C
.
T
a
1 = 10 # 103
i
-9
0.693 (RA + 2RB) # 10 # 10
o d 14.4 # 103 = RA + 2RB ...(1)

Duty cycle
. n = TC = 0.75
T
w 0.693 (RA + RB) C

=3
w
0.693 (RA + 2RB) C 4
w
4RA + 4RB = 3RA + 6RB
RA = 2RB ...(2)

From (1) and (2)
2RA = 14.4 # 103
RA = 7.21 kW
and RB = 3.60 kW
Q. 65 The simplified block diagram of a 10-bit A/D converter of dual slope integrator
type is shown in figure. The 10-bit counter at the output is clocked by a 1 MHz
clock. Assuming negligible timing overhead for the control logic, the maximum
frequency of the analog signal that can be converted using this A/D converter is
approximately

(A) 2 kHz (B) 1 kHz
. i n
o
(C) 500 Hz (D) 250 Hz
. c
Maximum frquency of input in dual slop A/D converter is given as
Sol. 65
a
Tm = 2n TC
where
d i
fm = 1 " maximum frquency of input
Tm
o
fC = 1 " clock frequency
n
.
TC
f
w
so fm = Cn , n = 10
2
w
6
= 10 = 1 kHz (approax)
1024
w
Q. 66
to
The boolean expression X Y Z + XY Z + XYZ + XY Z + XYZ can be simplified
(A) XZ + X Z + YZ (B) XY + Y Z + YZ
(C) XY + YZ + XZ
. i n
(D) XY + YZ + X Z
o
. c
Given boolean expression can be written as,
F = XYZ + X Y Z + XY Z + XYZ + XYZ
i a
= X YZ + Y Z (X + X ) + XY (Z + Z)
d
= XYZ + Y Z + XY
o
= Y Z + Y (X + X Z ) a A + BC = (A + B) (A + C)
n
= Y Z + Y (X + X ) (X + Z )
.
= Y Z + Y (X + Z )
w
= Y Z + YX + YZ
w
The shift register shown in figure is initially loaded with the bit pattern 1010.
w
Q. 67
Subsequently the shift register is clocked, and with each clock pulse the pattern

gets shifted by one bit position to the right. With each shift, the bit at the
serial input is pushed to the left most position (msb). After how many clock
pulses will the content of the shift register become 1010 again ?
(A) 3 (B) 7
(C) 11 (D) 15

. i n
X = X1 5 X 0 , Y = X 2
c o
Serial Input Z = X 5 Y = [X1 5 X0] 5 X2
a .
i
Truth table for the circuit can be obtain as.
Clock pulse
o d
Serial Input Shif register
n
Initially 1 1010
1
. 0 1101
2
w 0 0110
3
w 0 0011
w
4 1 0001

5 0 1000
6 1 0100
7 1 1010
n
So after 7 clock pulses contents of the shift register is 1010 again.
Q. 68
. i
An X-Y flip-flop, whose Characteristic Table is given below is to be
implemented using a J-K flip flop
c o
a .
d i
n o
.
w
(A) J = X, K = Y
w (B) J = X, K = Y
w
(C) J = Y, K = X (D) J = Y , K = X

Characteristic table of the X-Y flip flop is obtained as.
X Y Qn Qn+1
0 0 0 1
0 0 1 1
0 1 0 0
0 1 1 1
1 0 0 1
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 0

1 1 0 0
Solving from k-map
. i n
c o
a .
i
Characteristic equation of X-Y flip flop is
d
Qn + 1 = Y Qn + XQn
o
Characteristic equation of a J-K flip-flop is given by
n
Qn + 1 = KQn + J Qn
.
by comparing above two characteristic equations
w
J =Y, K=X
w
Q. 69 A memory system has a total of 8 memory chips each with 12 address lines and
4 data lines, The total size of the memory system is
(A) 16 kbytes
w (B) 32 kbytes

(C) 48 kbytes (D) 64 kbytes
Total size of the memory system is given by.
= (212 # 4) # 8 bits
= 214 # 8 bits
. i n
= 214 Bytes
c o
.
= 16 K bytes
i a
Q. 70 The following program is written for an 8085 microprocessor to add two bytes
d
located at memory addresses 1FFE and 1FFF
LXI H, 1FFE
o
MOV B, M
n
INR L
.
MOV A, M
ADD B
w
INR L
MOV M, A
w
XOR A
On completion of the execution of the program, the result of addition is found
w
(A) in the register A
(B) at the memory address 1000

(C) at the memory address 1F00
(D) at the memory address 2000
Sol. 70 Executing all the instructions one by one.
LXI H, 1FFE & H = (1F) H, L = (FE) H
MOV B, M & B = Memory [HL] = Memory [1FFE]
INR L & L = L + (1) H = (FF) H
MOV A, M & A = Memory [HL] = Memory [1FFF]
ADD B & A = A + B
INR L & L = L + (1) H = (FF) H + (1) H = 00
MOV M, A & Memory [HL] = A

Memory [1F00] = A
XOR A & A = A XOR A
=0
So the result of addition is stored at memory address 1F00.
i n
o.
c
Q. 71 A control system with certain excitation is governed by the following
.
mathematical equation
i a
d2 x + 1 dx + 1 x = 10 + 5e- 4t + 2e- 5t
dt2 2 dt 18
o d
The natural time constant of the response of the system are
n
(A) 2 sec and 5 sec (B) 3 sec and 6 sec
.
(C) 4 sec and 5 sec (D) 1/3 sec and 1/6 sec
Sol. 71 Given equation
w
w
d2 x + 1 dx + 1 x = 10 + 5e- 4t + 2e- 5t
dt2 2 dt 18
w
Taking laplace on both sides we have
s2 X (s) + 1 sX (s) + 1 X (s) = 10 + 5 + 2

2 18
(s2 + 1 s + 1 ) X (s)
s s+4 s+5
n
2 18
i
10 (s + 4) (s + 5) + 5s (s + 5) + 2s (s + 4)
.
=
s (s + 4) (s + 5)
System response is,
c o
.
10 (s + 4) (s + 5) + 5s (s + 5) + 2s (s + 4)
X (s) =
a
s (s + 4) (s + 5) bs2 + 1 s + 1 l
i
2 18
o d
10 (s + 4) (s + 5) + 5s (s + 5) + 2s (s + 4)
s (s + 4) (s + 5) bs + 1 lbs + 1 l
n
3 6
.
We know that for a system having many poles, nearness of the poles towards
w
imaginary axis in s -plane dominates the nature of time response. So here time
w
constant given by two poles which are nearest to imaginary axis.
w
Poles nearest to imaginary axis
s1 =- 1 , s2 =- 1

3 6
t = 3 sec
So, time constants ) 1
t2 = 6 sec
Hence (B) is correct option
Q. 72 The block diagram shown in figure gives a unity feedback closed loop control
system. The steady state error in the response of the above system to unit step
input is

(A) 25% (B) 0.75 %

(C) 6% (D) 33%
Sol. 72 Steady state error for a system is given by
sR (s)
n
ess = lim
i
s " 0 1 + G (s) H (s)
Where input R (s) = 1 (unit step)

s
o.
G (s) = b 3 lb 15 l
s + 15 s + 1
. c
H (s) = 1
i a
d
(unity feedback)
o
sb 1 l
s
n
So ess = lim
.
s"0
1+ 45
(s + 15) (s + 1)
= 15
w = 15
w
15 + 45 60
%ess = 15 # 100 = 25%
w
60

Q. 73 The roots of the closed loop characteristic equation of the system shown above
(Q-5.55)
. i n
c o
a .
i
(A) - 1 and - 15 (B) 6 and 10
d
(C) - 4 and - 15 (D)- 6 and - 10
Sol. 73
n o
Characteristic equation is given by
.
1 + G (s) H (s) = 0
w
Here H (s) = 1 (unity feedback)
G (s) = b 3 lb 15 l
w
s + 15 s + 1
w 1 +b 3 15 = 0
s + 15 lb s + 1 l
So,
(s + 15) (s + 1) + 45 = 0
s2 + 16s + 60 = 0
(s + 6) (s + 10) = 0
s =- 6, - 10
Q. 74 The following equation defines a separately excited dc motor in the form of a
differential equation
d2 w + B dw + K2 w = K V
dt J dt LJ LJ a
The above equation may be organized in the state-space form as follows

R 2 V
Sd w W dw
> H
S dt2 W = P dt + QV
S dw W a
w
S dt W
T X
Where the P matrix is given by
- B - LJ
i n
- K - BJ
2
K 2
(A) = J G (B) = LJ G
1 0
o. 0 1
c
0 1 1 0
(C) =- K - B G (D) =- B - K G
.
2 2
LJ J J LJ
Sol. 74 Given equation can be written as,

i a
dt 2 d
d 2 w =- b dw - K 2 w + K V
o
J dt LJ LJ a
. n
Here state variables are defined as,
w
dw = x
1
dt
w w = x2
w
So state equation is
2
xo1 =- B x1 - K x2 + K Va

J LJ LJ
xo2 = dw = x1
dt
In matrix form
- B/J - K 2 /LJ x1
. i n
o
xo1 K/LJ
>o H = > H>x H + > 0 H Va
c
x2 1 0 2
.
R 2 V
Sd w
a
W
S dt2 W = P >dwH + QVa
S dw W
S dt W
dt
d i
o
T X
So matrix P is
. n
- B/J - K 2 /LJ
> 1 H
w
0
Q. 75
w
The loop gain GH of a closed loop system is given by the following expression
wK
s (s + 2) (s + 4)

The value of K for which the system just becomes unstable is
(A) K = 6 (B) K = 8
(C) K = 48 (D) K = 96
Sol. 75 Characteristic equation of the system is given by
1 + GH = 0
1+ K =0
s (s + 2) (s + 4)
s (s + 2) (s + 4) + K = 0
s3 + 6s2 + 8s + K = 0
Applying rouths criteria for stability

s3 1 8
s2 6 K
s1 K - 48
6
s0 K
. i n
o
System becomes unstable if K - 48 = 0 & K = 48
6
c
Q. 76
a .
The asymptotic Bode plot of the transfer function K/ [1 + (s/a)] is given in
respectively
d i
figure. The error in phase angle and dB gain at a frequency of w = 0.5a are
n o
.
w
w
w

. i n
c o
.
(A) 4.9c, 0.97 dB (B) 5.7c, 3 dB
i a
(C) 4.9c, 3 dB (D) 5.7c, 0.97 dB
d
Sol. 76 The maximum error between the exact and asymptotic plot occurs at corner
o
frequency.
. n
Here exact gain(dB) at w = 0.5a is given by
2
gain(dB) w = 0.5a = 20 log K - 20 log 1 + w2
w
a
w
(0.5a) 2 1/2
= 20 log K - 20 log ;1 + E
a2
w = 20 log K - 0.96

Gain(dB) calculated from asymptotic plot at w = 0.5a is
= 20 log K
Error in gain (dB) = 20 log K - (20 log K - 0.96) dB = 0.96 dB
Similarly exact phase angle at w = 0.5a is.
qh (w) w = 0.5a =- tan- 1 a w k
a
=- tan- 1 b 0.5a l
a
=- 26.56c
Phase angle calculated from asymptotic plot at (w = 0.5a) is - 22.5c
Error in phase angle
=- 22.5 - (- 26.56c) = 4.9c

Q. 77 The block diagram of a control system is shown in figure. The transfer function
G (s) = Y (s) /U (s) of the system is
. i n
c o
1
a . 1
i
(A) (B)
18`1 + j`1 + s j
s 27`1 + j`1 + s j
s
d
12 3 6 9
o
(C) 1 (D) 1
n
27`1 + j`1 + s j
s 27`1 + j`1 + s j
s
.
12 9 9 3
w
Sol. 77 Given block diagram
w
w

Given block diagram can be reduced as
. i n
c o
a .
d i
o
1
bs l
1
n
Where G1 = 3 = s+3
.
1 +b l1
s
w 1
bs l
w
G2 = = 1
1
1 + b l 12 s + 12
w
s
Further reducing the block diagram.

Y (s) = 2G1 G2
1 + (2G1 G2) 9
(2) b 1 lb 1 l
s + 3 s + 12
=
1 + (2) b 1 lb 1 l (9)
s + 3 s + 12
= 2
(s + 3) (s + 12) + 18

= 2
2
s + 15s + 54
= 2
(s + 9) (s + 6)
= 1
27 a1 + ka1 + s k
s
. i n
o
9 6
. c
ia
Q. 78 The items in Group-I represent the various types of measurements to be made
d
with a reasonable accuracy using a suitable bridge. The items in Group-II
o
represent the various bridges available for this purpose. Select the correct
n
choice of the item in Group-II for the corresponding item in Group-I from the
.
following
w
List-I List-II
P. Resistance in the milli- 1. Wheatstone Bridge
ohm range
w
w
Q. Low values of Capacitance 2. Kelvin Double Bridge
R. Comparison of resistance 3. Schering Bridge

which are nearly equal
S. Inductance of a coil with 4. Wiens Bridge
a large time-constant
i n
5. Hays Bridge
.
6. Carey-Foster Bridge
o
Codes :
. c
(A) P=2, Q=3, R=6, S=5 (B) P=2, Q=6, R=4, S=5
a
(C) P=2, Q=3, R=5, S=4 (D) P=1, Q=3, R=2, S=6
d i
o
Kelvin Double bridge is used for measuring low values of resistances. (P " 2)
n
Low values of capacitances is precisely measured by schering bridge (Q " 3)
.
Inductance of a coil with large time constant or high quality factor is measured
w
by hays bridge (R " 5)
w
Q. 79 A rectifier type ac voltmeter of a series resistance Rs , an ideal full-wave rectifier
bridge and a PMMC instrument as shown in figure. The internal. resistance of
w
the instrument is 100 W and a full scale deflection is produced by a dc current

of 1 mA. The value of Rs required to obtain full scale deflection with an ac
voltage of 100 V (rms) applied to the input terminals is
(A) 63.56 W (B) 69.93 W

(C) 89.93 W (D) 141.3 kW

Sol. 79 Full scale deflection is produced by a dc current of 1 mA

(Idc) fs = 1 mA
For full wave reactifier
(Idc) fs = 2Im , Im "peak value of ac current
p
1 mA = 2Im
3.14
. i n
Im = 1.57 mA
c o
Full scale ac current
a .
2
d i
(Irms) fs = 1.57 = 1.11 mA
n o
.
w
w
w
V = (Rs + Rm) (Irms) fs
100 = (Rs + 100) (1.11 mA)

100 = Rs + 100
(1.11 mA)
100 # 900 = Rs + 100
n
Rs = 89.9 kW
. i
Q. 80
c o
A wattmeter reads 400 W when its current coil is connected in the R-phase
.
and its pressure coil is connected between this phase and the neutral of a
a
symmetrical 3-phase system supplying a balanced star connected 0.8 p.f.
i
inductive load. This phase sequence is RYB. What will be the reading of this
d
wattmeter if its pressure coil alone is reconnected between the B and Y phases,
o
all other connections remaining as before ?
. n
(A) 400.0 (B) 519.6
(C) 300.0 (D) 692.8
Sol. 80
w
w
First the current coil is connected in R-phase and pressure coil is connected
w
between this phase and the neutral as shown below
reading of wattmeter
W1 = IP VP cos q1 , cos q1 = 0.8 & q1 = 36.86c
400 = IL VL cos q1
3

400 = IL VL # 0.8 ...(1)

3
Now when pressure coil is connected between B and Y-phases, the circuit is
. i n
c o
a .
d i
n o
.
w
phasor diagram
w
w

. i n
c o
a .
d i
n o
.
w
w
angle q2 = 23.14c + 30c = 54.14c
w
now wattmeter reading W2 = VYB IL cos q2
so

from equation (1) VL IL = 400 # 3
0.8
W2 = 400 # 3 # cos 53.14c

0.8
= 519.5 W
Q. 81 The inductance of a certain moving-iron ammeter is expressed as
L = 10 + 3q - (q2 /4) mH , where q is the deflection in radians from the zero
position. The control spring torque is 25 # 10 - 6 Nm/radian. The deflection of the
pointer in radian when the meter carries a current of 5 A, is
(A) 2.4 (B) 2.0
(C) 1.2 (D) 1.0

Sol. 81 In a moving-iron ammeter control torque is given as

tc = Kq = 1 I2 dL
2 dq
Where
n
K " control spring constant
. i
q " deflection
o
2
Given that L = 10 + 3q - q
4
dL = 3 - q mH/rad
b 2l
. c
a
dq
So,
d i
tc = (25 # 10- 6) q = 1 (5) 2 b 3 - q l # 10- 6
o
2 2
. n
2q = 3 - q
2
w
5q = 3 & q = 6 = 1.2 rad.
w
2 5
Q. 82
w
A 500A/5A, 50 Hz transformer has a bar primary. The secondary burden is

a pure resistance of 1 W and it draws a current of 5 A. If the magnetic core
requires 250 AT for magnetization, the percentage ratio error is
(A) 10.56 (B) - 10.56
i n
(C) 11.80 (D) - 11.80
o.
c
Magnetizing current Im = 250 = 250 amp
.
1
i a
Primary current I p = 500 amp
d
Secondary current Is = 5 amp
o
I
Turn ratio n = p = 500 = 100
n
Is 5
.
Total primary current (IT ) = [primary current (I p)] 2 +
w [magnetising current (I m)] 2
w IT = I p2 + I m2
w

= (500) 2 + (250) 2 = 559.01 amp
Turn ratio n' = IT = 559.01 = 111.80

Is 5
Percentage ratio error 3 n = n - nl # 100

nl
= 100 - 111.80 # 100 =- 10.55%

111.80
Q. 83 The voltage-flux adjustment of a certain 1-phase 220 V induction watt-hour
meter is altered so that the phase angle between the applied voltage and the
flux due to it is 85c(instead of 90c). The errors introduced in the reading of
this meter when the current is 5 A at power factor of unity and 0.5 lagging are
respectively

(A) 3.8 mW, 77.4 mW (B) - 3.8 mW, - 77.4 mW

(C) - 4.2 W, - 85.1 W (D) 4.2 W, 85.1 W
Power read by meter Pm = VI sin (3 - f)
Where
. i n
3 "Phase angle between supply voltage and pressure coil flux.
f "Phase angle of load
c o
.
Here
a
3 = 85c, f = 60c "a cos f = 0.5
So measured power
d i
Pm = 200 # 5 sin (85c - 60c)
o
= 1100 sin 25c
n
.
= 464.88 W
w
Actual power PO = VI cos f
w
= 220 # 5 # 0.5
= 550 W
w
Error in measurement = Pm - PO
= 464.88 - 550
=- 85.12 W
For unity power factor cos f = 1
n
f = 0c
So Pm = 220 # 5 sin (85c - 0c)

. i
o
= 1095.81 W
. c
PO = 220 # 5 cos 0c
a
= 1100
i
Error in Measurement
d
= 1095.81 - 1100
o
=- 4.19 W
Q. 84
. n
Group-II represents the figures obtained on a CRO screen when the voltage
signals Vx = Vxm sin wt and Vy = Vym sin (wt + F) are given to its X and Y plates
w
respectively and F is changed. Choose the correct value of F from Group-I to
w
match with the corresponding figure of Group-II.

Group-I Group-II
P. F = 0
Q. F = p/2
. i n
c o
.
R. p < F < 3p/2
i a
S. F = 3p/2
o d
. n
w
w
Codes :
(A) P=1, Q=3, R=6, S=5 (B) P=2, Q=6, R=4, S=5
w
(C) P=2, Q=3, R=5, S=4 (D) P=1, Q=5, R=6, S=4

Sol. 84 We can obtain the Lissaju pattern (in X-Y mode) by following method.
For f = 0c, Vx = Vxm sin wt
Vy = Vym sin (wt + 0c) = sin wt
i n
Draw Vx and Vy as shown below
o.
. c
i a
o d
. n
w
w
w

Divide both Vy and Vx equal parts and match the corresponding points on the
screen.
Similarly for f = 90c
Vx = Vxm sin wt
Vy = Vym sin (wt + 90c)

. i n
c o
a .
d i
n o
.
w
w
w
Similarly for f = 3p
. i n
c o
a .
d i
n o
.
w
w
w
we can also obtain for 0 < f < 3p
2
Q. 85

In the circuit shown in Fig. Q.85, the current gain (b) of the ideal transistor is
10. The operating point of the transistor (VCC , IC ) is
(A) (40 V, 4 A) (B) (40 V, 5 A)

(C) (0 V, 4 A) (D) (15 V, 4 A)

Sol. 85 The Correct option is ().

Q. 86 A phase-controlled half-controlled single-phase converter is shown in figure. The
control angle a = 30c
. i n
c o
a .
d i
The output dc voltage wave shape will be as shown in
n o
.
w
w
w

. i n
c o
a .
d i
o
Sol. 86 The Correct option is ( ).
Q. 87
. n
A chopper is employed to charge a battery as shown in figure. The charging
w
current is 5 A. The duty ratio is 0.2. The chopper output voltage is also shown
in the figure. The peak to peak ripple current in the charging current is
w
w

(A) 0.48 A (B) 1.2 A
(C) 2.4 A (D) 1 A
In the chopper during turn on of chopper V -t area across L is,
T T di dt = # imax Ldi
#0 onVL dt = #0 on L b dt l i min

= L (i max - i min) = L ^DI h
. i n
c o
a .
d i
n o
V -t are applied to L is = (60 - 12) Ton
. = 48Ton
So now volt area
w
w
-3
DI = 48Ton = 48 # 0.2 #-10 = 0.48 A
L 20 # 10 3
w
Q. 88 An inverter has a periodic output voltage with the output wave form as shown
in figure

. i n
When the conduction angle a = 120c, the rms fundamental component of the
o
output voltage is
. c
(A) 0.78 V (B) 1.10 V
a
(C) 0.90 V (D) 1.27 V
d i
n o
.
w
w
w

Output voltage V0 =
3
/ 4VS
b np l^sin nd h^sin nwt h^sin np/2h
n = 1, 3, 5
` RMS value of fundamental component

Vrms(fundamental) = 4VS sin d # 1
2p
a = 120c, 2d = 120c & d = 60c
Vrms(fundamental) = 4VS # sin 60c

2p
= 0.78VS = 0.78 V

Q. 89 With reference to the output wave form given in above figure , the output of
the converter will be free from 5 th harmonic when
(A) a = 72c (B) a = 36c
(C) a = 150c (D) a = 120c
After removing 5 th harmonic
. i n
5d = 0, p, 2p
c o
.
` Pulse width = 2d = a = 0, 2p , 4p
5 5
i
= 0c, 72c, 144c
a
Q. 90
o d
An ac induction motor is used for a speed control application. It is driven from
an inverter with a constant V/f control. The motor name-plate details are as
. n
follows (no. of poles = 2)
w
V: 415 V VPh: 3 V f: 50 Hz N: 2850 rpm
The motor runs with the inverter output frequency set at 40 Hz, and with half
w
the rated slip. The running speed of the motor is
w
(A) 2400 rpm (B) 2280 rpm
(C) 2340 rpm (D) 2790 rpm
Sol. 90

The Correct option is (C).
NSa = 3000 rpm
n
Na = 2850 rpm
SFL = 3000 - 2850 = 0.05

. i
o
3000
where by (V/f) control

. c
Nsb = 3000 b 40 l
i
50
a
`
o d
= 2400 rpm
N2 = new running speed of motor
. n
= 2400 b1 - 0.05 l
w
2
= 2340 rpm
w
w


Answer Sheet
1. (C) 19. (C) 37. (D) 55. (B) 73. (C)
n
2. (B) 20. (D) 38. (B) 56. (D) 74. (A)
3. (A) 21. (C) 39. (D) 57.
. i
(A) 75. (C)
o
4. (A) 22. (A) 40. (B) 58. (A) 76. (A)
5. (*) 23. (A) 41. (*)
.c
59. (C) 77. (B)
i a
6. (D) 24. (A) 42. (C) 60. (D) 78. (A)
d
7. (C) 25. (B) 43. (D) 61. (A) 79. (C)
o
8. (D) 26. (A) 44. (D) 62. (D) 80. (B)
. n
9. (A) 27. (D) 45. (A) 63. (D) 81. (C)
w
10. (D) 28. (D) 46. (C) 64. (C) 82. (B)
11. (C) 29. (B) 47. (A) 65. (B) 83. (C)
12. (B) 30.
w
(A) 48. (B) 66. (B) 84. (A)
13. (B) 31.
w(C) 49. (D) 67. (B) 85. (*)

14. (C) 32. (C) 50. (B) 68. (D) 86. (*)
15. (B) 33. (D) 51. (B) 69. (A) 87. (A)
16. (C) 34. (D) 52. (A) 70 (C) 88. (A)
17. (B) 35. (B) 53. (D) 71
. i n
(B) 89. (A)
o
18. (D) 36. (B) 54. (D) 72 (A) 90. (C)
.c
i a
o d
. n
w
w
w



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Q.1 - 30 Carry One Mark Each

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Q. 3 In the figure, Z1 = 10+ - 60%, Z2 = 10+60%, Z3 = 50+53.13% . Thevenin impedance

Q. 4 Two conductors are carrying forward and return current of +I and - I as

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Hence (D) is correct option.

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(B) increase mechanical strength of the line

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(A) 57.42c (B) 1c

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Applying KVL in input loop,

3.3 = 6(33 # 103) + (3.3 # 103) (99 + 1)@IB

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v+ (1 + jwCR) = Vin ..(2)

w q = p - tan - 1 (wCR) - tan - 1 (wCR)

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Q. 24 A Manganin swap resistance is connected in series with a moving coil ammeter

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thyristor is turned on and conducting

When VDS =+ ve , diode conducts and IS = 0

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Hence (D) is correct option.

o d (D) P-1, Q-4

Sol. 30 The Correct option is (A).

Q. 31 - 90 carry two marks each

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(A) 2200 W (B) 1250 W

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w C1 (100 - V) = C2 V (Let V is the voltage of foil)

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so voltage generated by the generator is

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Stator Stator Rotor Rotor Torque

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Among the above, current statements are

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w ohmic value of reactor = ?

= 0.4 # 10- 3 = 28.284

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Z2 = Z 3 = 1.5 # 10- 5 = 316.23

= (33.55) 0.1 + (15.55) 0.15 + (14.45) 0.2

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Now a branch os j0.2 W is connected between bus 2 and reference