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STEAM TURBINE
1.INTRODUCTION
A steam turbine is a mechanical device that extracts thermal
energy from pressurized steam, and converts it into rotary motion. Its
modern manifestation was invented by Sir Charles Parsons in 1884.
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was raised in boilers burning fossil fuels (coal, oil, and gas) or, in minor
quantities, certain waste products. However, modern turbine technology
includes nuclear steam plants as well as production of steam supplies from
other sources.
The illustration shows a small, simple mechanical-drive turbine of a
few
. It illustrates the essential parts for all steam turbines
regardless of rating or complexity: (1) a casing, or shell, usually divided at
the horizontal center line, with the
bolted together for ease of assembly
and disassembly; it contains the stationary blade system; (2) a rotor
carrying the moving buckets (blades or vanes) either on wheels or drums,
with bearing journals on the ends of the rotor; (3) a set of bearings attached
to the casing to support the shaft; (4) a governor and valve system for
regulating the speed and power of the turbine by controlling the steam flow,
and an oil system for lubrication of the bearings and, on all but the smallest
machines, for operating the control valves by a relay system connected with
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the governor; (5) a coupling to connect with the driven machine; and (6)
pipe connections to the steam supply at the inlet and to an
system at
the outlet of the casing or shell.
Steam turbines are ideal prime movers for driving machines requiring
rotational mechanical input power. They can deliver constant or variable
speed and are capable of close speed control. Drive applications
include centrifugal pumps, compressors, ship propellers, and, most
important, electric generators.
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As mentioned earlier, there are basically three stages of matter: Solid, liquid
and gas. Each stage is held together by a different level of molecular force.
With water, gaseous steam takes up space due to its molecules being furthest
apart. However, when enough pressure is applied to steam, an amazing thing
happens. The molecules are forced together to the point that the water becomes
more like a liquid again, while retaining the properties of a gas. It is at this point
that it becomes a supercritical fluid.
Many of today's power plants use supercritical steam, with pressure and
temperature at the critical point. This means supercritical steam power plants
operate at much higher temperatures and pressures than plants using subcritical
steam. Water is actually heated to such a high pressure that boiling does not even
occur.
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D es A Steam Turbine W rk?
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What G es Int The C nstructi n Of Steam Turbines?
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Shafts:
Outer Casing:
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G ern r:
Oil System:
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Pipes:
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+,- .
are Steam Turbines Classified?
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On the Basis of the Arrangement of its Main Shaft:
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On the Basis of Supply of Steam and Steam Exhaust
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On the basis of Direction of Steam Flow:
On the Basis of Steam Supply:
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D es An Impulse Turbine W rk?
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REACTION TURBINE rks?
{eaction Turbines
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What are the adantages f impulse cum reacti n turbine er pure
impulse and pure reacti n turbine?
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Utility Steam Turbine Applicati ns
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