OUTLINE IN PERSONS

AND FAMILY RELATIONS

SY 2016-2017
-------------------
Note: All articles references are to the Family Code unless a Civil
Code article reference ( NCC ) is indicated.

[This syllabus was prepared by Prof. Katrina Legarda for her class in Persons
and Family Relations at the University of the Philippines College of Law. This is the
same syllabus she uses for her classes here at the DLSU. This is also used by two other
professors. My profound appreciation to Prof. Legarda for sharing this syllabus with
me.]
Things to bear in mind in this class:

1. Grading system - Midterms - 40%

Finals - 40%
Recitation - 15%
Attendance - 5%
2. No change of grade will be entertained unless there is a mistake in the
computation of the exam scores.
3. Be prepared for a possible Departmental Exam.
4. All recitations will be graded. No need to raise your hand and volunteer for
recitation. I will call you for recitation and if you are not prepared, do not,
under any circumstance attempt to bluff your way thru. Just say you are not
ready, in which case, I will give you a 0. You are given one chance to
pass, meaning, throughout the semester, you have one chance to be excused
from reciting without incurring a 0 grade.
5. There is a dress code that you must observe: no shorts allowed, no collarless
and sleeveless shirt; for women students, please do not wear mini skirts,
haltered top, or such similar, not-so-business like outfit.
6. Use of gadgets in class is not allowed. You may refresh you memory from the
textbook and/or your own notes.
7. It is strongly suggested that you form a study group among yourselves. This
will help you cope with the many cases assigned for the day in each and every
class that you have. You assign each member of the group certain cases to be
digested and before the class, you discuss with your group mates the cases
assigned to you. This however does not mean that you will no longer read the
cases not assigned to you. You must at least give it a cursory reading. Do not
read the cases from legal blogs. You do not know is the person who digested
that case is qualified to do it. He/she might not even be a lawyer. You are
expected to read the full text of the cases.
________________________________________________________________________

Note: SC Rules required:

1
1. 02-6-02, Adoption
2. 02-11-10, Nullity
3, 02-11-11, Legal Separation
4. 02-11-12, Provisional Orders
5. 03-04-04, Custody of Minors
6. 04-10-11, VAWC

I. INTRODUCTION

1 Tolentino, Civil Code, pp. 1-10 [1990 Edition]

II. EFFECT AND APPLICATION OF LAWS

Arts. 1 to 13, pp. 1-52 of Tolentino

NCC 1 - 18

A. When law takes effect

NCC 2
Revised Administrative Code (RAC) Secs. 18-24
Exec. Order 200, Sec. 2

Taada v. Tuvera 136 SCRA 27

Fuentes vs. Roca, G.R. No. 178902, April 21, 2010
Commissioner v Hypermix, G.R. No. 179579, February 1, 2012
Acaac v. Azcuna, Jr. GR 187378, SEP 30, 2013

B. Ignorance of the law

NCC 3
KASILAG VS. RODRIGUEZ, 69 PHIL 217
Elegado v. Court of Appeals, 173 SCRA 285

C. Retroactivity of laws

NCC 4, cf. NCC 2252 - 2269

Revised Penal Code (RPC) 22
Family Code (FC) 256

2
Simon v Chan, G.R. No. 157547, February 23, 2011
Accenture v Commissioner, GR 190102, July 11, 2012
U.P. v Dizon, GR 18112, August 23, 2012
PERT.CPM v Vinuya, GR 197528, Sept. 5, 2012
Francisco vs. CA , G.R. No. 102330. November 25, 1998
CF: Pesca vs. Pesca, G.R. No. 136921. April 17, 2001

D. Mandatory or Prohibitory Laws

NCC Art. 5 with NCC Art. 17 (3)

Nerwin v PNOC, G.R. No. 167057, April 11, 2012

E. Waiver of rights

NCC Art. 6
NCC Art. 2035

DM Consunji vs. CA, G.R. No. 137873, April 20, 2001

Aujero V PhilComSat, G.R. No. 193484, January 18, 2012
Villareal v People, G.R.No.151258, February1, 2012
FF Cruz v HR Industries, GR 187251, March 14, 2012

F. Repeal of laws

NCC 7
cf. 1987 Constitution, Art. XVIII Sec. 3
FC 254, 255

Thornton vs. Thornton, Aug. 16, 2004

Kida v Senate, G.R. No. 196271, February 28, 2012

G. Judicial Decisions

NCC 8

3
 Pesca vs. Pesca, G.R. No. 136921. April 17, 2001
De Castro v JBC, G. R. No. 191002, April 20, 2010
Ty v Banco Filipino, G.R. No. 188302, June 27, 2012
Virtucio v Alegarbes, G.R. No. 187451, August 29, 2012
Republic v. Renman Enterprises, GR 199319, Feb. 19, 2014

H. Duty to render judgment

NCC 9, 10
RPC 5
People v. Ritter 194 SCRA 690
Alonzo v Padua, 150 SCRA 379
Barcellano v Barza, GR 165287, September 14, 2011

I. Presumption and Applicability of Custom

NCC 11 - 12
cf. 1987 Constitution, Art. XII Sec. 5
Rules of Court Rule 129 (2), (3)

Martinez v. Van Buskirk, 18 Phil. 79

J. Legal periods

NCC 13
cf. Rules of Court (ROC) Rule 22
RAC Sec. 31

Internal Revenue v Primetown, GR 162155, August 28, 2007

Montajes v People, G.R. No. 183449, March 12, 2012

K. Applicability of Penal Laws

NCC 14, 17(3), RPC Art. 2

L. Binding effect

NCC 15
cf. FC 26 par. 2

4
 Tenchavez v. Escao 15 SCRA 355
ATCI Overseas Corp vs. Echin, G.R. No. 178551, Oct. 11, 2010
>>Tuna Processing Inc. v Phil. Kingford, 185582, Feb. 29, 2012

NCC 16

Amos v Bellis, 20 SCRA 358

NCC 17

Raytheon v Rouzie, GR 162894, February 26, 2008

NCC 18
Tamano v Ortiz, G.R. No. 126603, June 29, 1998
Llave vs Republic, GR 169766, March 30, 2011
Zamoranos v People, G.R. No. 193902, June 1, 2011

III. PERSONS & PERSONALITY

A. The concept of a person and personality

NCC 37 - 39

Classes of persons and their distinctions

Elements of civil capacity
Juridical capacity v. personality
Juridical capacity v. capacity to act

B. Commencement and termination of personality

1. Natural Persons

(a) Birth

NCC 40 - 41
1987 Constitution, Art. II Sec. 12
P.D. 603 [Child and Youth Welfare Code], Art. 5
FC 164

5
 RPC Arts. 256 - 259

Geluz v. CA 2 SCRA 801

Quimiging v. Icao 34 SCRA 134
De Jesus v. Syquia 58 Phil 866
Continental Steel v. Montano, GR 182836, October 13, 2009

(b) Death

NCC 42

Limjoco v. Intestate Estate of Pio Fragante 80 Phil 776

Dumlao v. Quality Plastics 70 SCRA 472
Eugenio v. Velez 185 SCRA 425
Marcos v. Manglapus, G.R. No. 88211. Oct. 27, 1989
Valino v. Adriano, GR 182894, April 22, 2014

NCC 43
ROC Rule 131 Sec. 3 (jj) - (kk) (1989 Rev. Rules on Evidence)

Joaquin v. Navarro 93 Phil 257

2. Juridical Persons

NCC 44-47
Batas Pambansa Blg. 68 (Corp. Code), Secs. 2, 4, 17
NCC 1767-1768

C. Restrictions on civil capacity

1. Presumption of capacity, Art. 37 NCC

Catalan vs. Basa, G.R. No. 159567, July 31, 2007

2. Restrictions on capacity to act

6
 NCC 38 - 39, cf. NCC 1327

(a) Minority

1. Age of majority, R.A. 6809

2. A.M. NO. 03-02-05-SC Rules on Guardianship
3. Suffrage, Sec. 1 Art. V 1987 Constitution [cf. Sangguniang
Kabataan]
4. Marriage, FC 5; 45 (1); cf. R.A. 6809
5. Contracts

NCC 1327
NCC 1390 (par. 1), 1403 (par. 3)
NCC 1397, 1399
NCC 1489
NCC 1426 - 1427

Mercado v. Espiritu 37 Phil 215

Bambalan v. Maramba 51 Phil 417
Suan Chian v. Alcantara 85 Phil 669
Braganza v. Villa-Abrille 105 Phil 456

6. Criminal liability

RPC 12 (2) - (3);

RPC 13 (2); PD 603 Secs. 189 204
Also see: Rule 3, Section 5 1997 Rules of Civil Procedure
Juvenile Justice Law, Secs 6 and 7

Atizado vs People, GR No. 173822, October 13, 2010

(b) Insanity

1. Marriage, FC 45 (2)
2. Contracts, NCC 1327 (1), 1328
3. Criminal liability,

RPC 12 (1)
Rule 101, Rules of Court

7
US v. Vaguilar, 27 Phil 88
People v. Rafanan 204 SCRA 65
Standard Oil v. Arenas, GR No. L-5921, July 25, 1911
People v Bugalao, GR 184757, Oct. 5, 2011
Oropesa v Oropesa, GR 184528, April 25, 2012
Crewlink v Teringtering, GR 166803, October 14, 2012

(c) Deaf-Mutism, NCC 1327 (2), 807 & 820

(d) Prodigality, ROC Rule 92 Sec. 2
(e) Civil Interdiction, RPC 31, 34, 41

Jalosjos v COMELEC, G.R. No. 193237, October 9, 2012

(f) Family Relations

FC 150-151; cf. FC 87, 37, 38

NCC 1490
NCC 2035
cf. NCC 963-967

(g) Alienage, cf. Art. IV, Secs. 1-5, 1987 Constitution

Cordora vs COMELEC, February 19, 2009

(h) Absence, NCC 381 396, FC 41

Olaguer v Purugganan, GR 158907, February 12, 2007

(i) Insolvency and Trusteeship, NCC 1381, 1491, 2236

Umale v ASB Realty, GR 181126, June 15, 2011

(j) Gender, Art. II, Sec. 14, 1987 Constitution; cf. NCC 403
See also: Rule 3 Section 4, 1997 Rules of Civil Procedure

(k) Physical Incapacity/Disease, FC 45(5), 45(6), 46, NCC 820

8
 D. Domicile and residence of persons

1. Juridical persons, NCC 51

2. Natural persons

NCC 50
FC 68-69, cf. NCC 110
cf. FC 55, 101, 149, 152, 101

Jalosjos v COMELEC, GR 191970, April 24, 2012

IV. INTRODUCTION TO THE FAMILY CODE

Tolentino, Persons and Family Relations in the Civil Code

A. Effect and Retroactivity

E.O. 29, as amended by E.O. 227, R.A. 6809, R.A. 7610

FC 256, cf. FC 36 in rel. to 39, FC 105, FC 162, FC 257

Lupo Atienza v. Judge Brilliantes, 243 SCRA 32

Bernabe vs. Alejo, 374 SCRA 180
Fuentes vs. Roca, G.R. No. 178902, April 21, 2010

B. Repeal/Amendment

FC 254, 255

V. MARRIAGE & PERSONAL RELATIONS BETWEEN SPOUSES

A. The concept of marriage

FC 1 cf. NCC 52, FC 149

Art II Sec. 12, 1987 Constitution
Art. XV Sec. 2, 1987 Constitution

9
B. Nature of marriage in Philippine law

FC 1
cf. Rule 131 Sec. 3 (aa), 1989 Rules on Evidence,
NCC 220
Muslim Code, (P.D. 1083) Sec. 14

Goitia vs Campos-Rueda, 35 Phils 252

Sermonia v Republic, 233 SCRA 155
Perido v Perido, 63 SCRA 97
Silverio vs Republic, October 22, 2007
People v De La Cruz, G.R. No.187683, February 11, 2010
De Santis v Intestate Estate Jalandoni, December 1, 2010
Espinosa v Omana, AC No. 9081, October 12, 2011

C. Agreements prior to marriage

1. Stipulations in marriage

FC 1 cf. NCC 221

Espinosa v Atty. Omana, A.C. No. 9081, October 12, 2011

2. Breach of promise to marry

NCC 19 - 21; NCC 2176; NCC 1403 2(c)

MC 22

Hermosisima v. CA 109 Phil 629

Wassmer v. Velez 12 SCRA 648
Tanjanco v. CA 18 SCRA 994
Baksh v. CA, 219 SCRA 115
Abanag v Mabute, AM P-11-2922, April 4, 2011

10
D. Requisites for a valid marriage

1 Tolentino 222 - 269

Mariategui v. CA 205 SCRA 337

Makati Shangri-La v Harper, GR 189998, August 29, 2012

1. Kinds of requisites & effects of non-compliance

FC 2-3; FC 4; FC 5; FC 35; FC 45 cf. NCC 53

RPC 350-351
De Mijares vs Villaluz, 274 SCRA 1

2. Essential requisites

(a) Legal Capacity

(i) Gender, FC 2 ( 1) cf. FC 148

Silverio vs Republic, October 22, 2007

(ii). Age

FC 5; FC 35 (1); R.A. 6809 cf. FC 21

NCC 54 & 80 (1)
RPC 344
cf. DOJ Opinion 145 S.1991 (Oct. 1991)

(iii) Absence of impediment, FC 5, 35

Garcia vs. Recio, 365 SCRA 437
Te vs. Choa, G.R. No. 126446, Nov. 29, 2000 (346 SCRA
327)
Nollora v People, GR 191425, September 7, 2011

3. Parental consent

11
 FC 14; FC 45 (1)

4. Consent freely given by both spouses

(a). Mistake as to identity,

FC 35 (5); NCC 86 (1)

(b). Effect of insanity, FC 45 (2)

(c). Effect of fraud, FC 45 (3); FC 46, NCC 1338

1344

Anaya vs Palaroan, Nov. 26, 1970

(d). Effect of force, intimidation and undue

influence, FC 45 (4); NCC 1335
1337

Villanueva vs CA, 505 Scra 564

(e). Effect of physical incapacity/impotence, FC

45 (5)

Jimenez v. Caizares 109 Phil 27

Alcazar v Alcazar, G.R. No. 174451, October 13,
2009

(f) Effect of affliction with STD, FC 45 (6); 46 (3)

5. Formal Requisites

(a) Marriage license

Republic v. CA, 236 SCRA 257

Sy vs. CA, G.R. No. 127263, April 12, 2000
Alcantara vs. Alcantara, G.R. No. 167746, Aug. 28, 2007
De Castro v De Castro, G.R. No. 160172, February 13, 2008
Abbas vs Abbas, G.R. No. 183896, January 30, 2013

12
 1. Where to apply, FC 9 - 10

2. Requirements for issuance

a. application, FC 11
b. proof of capacity, FC 12-14; FC 21 cf. NCC 84

cf. DOJ Opinion 50 S. 1991 (April 30, 1991)

DOJ Opinion 146 S. 1991 (Oct. 17, 1991)

c. parental advice, FC 15
d. marriage counseling, FC 16
e. publication, FC 17
f. investigation of impediments, FC 18
g. payment of fees, FC 19
h. family planning certificate, P.D. 965

3. Place where valid, FC 20

4. Period of validity, FC 20
5. Duties of the Civil Registrar, FC 24-25

Alcantara vs Alcantara, GR No. 167746, Aug. 28, 2007

6. marriages exempt from license requirement

FC 27-34, cf. NCC 76, P.D. 1083

Nial vs. Bayadog, G.R. 133778, Mar. 14, 2000

De Castro vs. De Castro, G.R. 160172, February 13,
2008
Republic vs Dayot, March 28, 2008

(b) Authority of the solemnizing officer

1. Who are authorized

13
FC 7, 10, 31 & 32
NCC 56, 74, 76
R.A. 7160 (1991 Local Government Code),
Secs. 444(b)(1)(xviii), 445 (b)(1)(xviii)

Aranes vs Occiano, 380 SCRA 402

Navarro v. Domagtoy S.C. A.M. MTJ-96-1088, July 19, 1996

2. How authorized

FC 7 (2) cf. NCC 92-96

Villar v. Paraiso 96 Phil 659

3. Effect of absence of authority

FC 4; FC 35 (2)
RPC 352
cf. Tenchavez v. Escao, 15 SCRA 355 at page 360

4. Duties of the solemnizing officer, FC 23-24

5. Effect of irregularity, FC 4

(c) Marriage Ceremony

1. form of ceremony, FC 3 (3); FC 6 cf. FC 33, FC 8

Martinez v. Tan 12 Phil 731

COMPARE TO: Morigo v People, G.R. No. 145226.
February 06, 2004

2. Place for ceremony, FC 8; FC 28-29; FC 32-33

3. Issuance of marriage certificate, FC 6; FC 22, 23

14
 Madridejo v. De Leon 55 Phil 1
People v. Borromeo 133 SCRA 106
Shangri-La vs Harper, GR 189998, August 29, 2012

E. Law governing validity of marriages abroad

1 Tolentino 260 - 263

1. General rule in contracts

(a) As to form, NCC 17 (1) and (2)

(b) As to substantive requirements, NCC 15 & 17 (3)

2. Special rule in marriage

(a) lex loci celebrationis, FC 26; FC 21, FC 10

Yao Kee v. Sy-Gonzales, 167 SCRA 786

Republic vs. Orbecido III, G.R. No. 154380, October 5,
2005

(b) Exceptions

FC 26 in relation to
FC 35(1), 35(4), 35(5) and (6), 36, 37 & 38
cf. NCC 71
DOJ Opinion No. 11 S. 1990 (Jan. 17, 1990)

F. Common-law marriages/ live-in relationships

FC 147, cf. RPC 350

FC 148 (adulterous)
Rule 131 Sec. 3 (aa) (cc), 1989 Rules on Evidence cf. NCC
220
FC 26 par. 1
NCC Book II, Title III (484-501)

15
 Lesaca v. Lesaca, 91 Phil 135
Yaptinchay v. Torres, 28 SCRA 489
Eugenio v. Velez, G.R. No. 85140 May 17, 1990
Estrada v Escritor, A.M. No. P-02-1651, August 4, 2003

G. Void Marriages

1 Tolentino 270 - 310

General rule, FC 4

1. Kinds of void marriages

(a) Absence of requisites

cf. VII (D) of Outline

FC 35 cf. FC 234, RA 6809
Alcantara v Alcantara, GR NO. 1677446, Aug. 18,
2007
So v Valera, GR 150677, June 5, 2009
De Castro v De Castro, G.R. No. 160172, Feb. 13,
2008
Republic v Dayot, G.R. No. 175581, March 28, 2008
Abbas vs Abbas, G.R. No. 183896, January 30, 2013

(b) Bigamous and polygamous marriages,

FC 35(4), 39, 40, 41, 44

RPC 344, 349

Mercado vs Tan, 337 SCRA 122

Bobis v Bobis, GR 139509, July 31, 2000
Ty vs. CA, G.R. No.127406, Nov. 27, 2000
Morigo vs Morigo, 422 SCRA
Tenebro vs. CA, G.R. No. 150758. February 18, 2004
(read concurring of Justice Vitug and dissent of Justice
Carpio)
Teves v People, GR 188775, August 24, 2011
Nollora v People, GR 191425, September 7, 2011
Montanez vs Cipriano, GR 181089, October 22, 2012

16
(c) Subsequent marriage, upon reappearance of absent spouse

FC 41 in relation to FC 42-44
NCC 390-391, FC 55 (9), FC 101

Jones v. Hortiguela 64 Phil 179

Republic vs. Nolasco, 220 SCRA 20, March 17, 1993
Bienvenido vs. CA, 237 SCRA 676, October 24, 1994
SSS vs Jarque, G.R. No. 165545, March 24, 2006

Procedure
Republic v Granada, GR No. 187512, June 13, 2012

(d) Bad faith of both spouses, under FC 44

(e) Psychological incapacity under FC 36

FC 36, 39, 68-73

R.A. 8533

Santos v. CA 240 SCRA 20

Chi Ming Tsoi v. CA G.R. No. 119190, Jan. 16, 1997
Republic v Molina, G.R. No. 108763 February 13, 1997
Hernandez vs. Court of Appeals, 320 SCRA 76,
December 08, 1999
Marcos vs. Marcos, 343 SCRA 755, October 19, 2000
Republic vs. Dagdag, 351 SCRA 425
RP vs. Quintero-Hamano, G.R. No. 149498, May 20,
2004
Antonio vs.Reyes, G.R. No. 155800, Mar. 10,2005
Republic vs. Tanyag-San Jose, 517 SCRA 123, February
6, 2007
Almelor vs RTC-Las Pinas, GR No. 179620, Aug. 26,
2008
Te vs Te, GR No. 161793, Feb. 13, 2009
Azcueta vs RP, G.R. No. 180668, May 26, 2009

17
 Halili v Halili, GR 165424, June 9, 2009 (Motion for
Recon)
Najera v Najera, GR 164817, July 3, 2009
Camacho-Reyes v Reyes, G.R. No. 185286, August 18,
2010
Kalaw v Fernandez, GR 166357, September 19, 2011
Mendoza v Republic, GR 157854, November 12, 2012
Republic vs Encelan, G.R. No. 170022, Jan. 9, 2013

(f) Incestuous marriages, FC 37 cf. NCC 963-967

(g) Marriages against public policy

FC 38, compare FC 38(6) with NCC 80(6)

RPC 246
NCC 80(7), 82
NCC 963-967

(h) Non-compliance under FC 53, 52

Sec. 21, 22 and 23, A.M. No. 02-11-10-SC. March 4, 2003

2. Who can invoke nullity, FC 36, FC 39, FC 40

Sec. 2, A.M. No. 02-11-10-SC. March 4, 2003

Nial vs. Bayadog, G.R. 133778, Mar. 14, 2000

Catalan vs. Court of Appeals, 514 SCRA 607, February 6, 2007
Enrico vs. Heirs of Sps. Medinaceli, G.R. No. 173614,
September 28, 2007
Carlos s. Sandoval, GR 179922, December 16, 2008
Ablaza v Republic, G.R. No. 158298, August 11, 2010

3. When to file action for declaration of nullity

FC 39 in relation to FC 255, 256

FC 42, par. 2

4. Procedure in actions for declaration of nullity

18
 a. Requisite for valid remarriage, see VII (E)(10)(b)
above
b. Safeguards against collusion, FC 48

Malcampo Sin vs. Sin, 355 SCRA 285

Ancheta vs Ancheta, 424 SCRA 725
Republic v CA, G.R. No. 159594, November 12, 2012

c. No confession of judgment, FC 48; cf. NCC 2035

d. A.M. No. 02-11-10-SC. March 4, 2003

Jocson v. Robles 22 SCRA 521

Tolentino v. Villanueva 56 SCRA 1

e. Participation of the OSG

Mendoza v Republic, GR 157854, November 12, 2012

f. No Motion to Dismiss

Aurelio v Aurelio, G.R. No. 175367, June 6, 2011

5. Effects of pendency of action for declaration of nullity - Art.

49, 198, 50 (2)

6. Effects of res judicata

Mallion vs Alcantara, 506 SCRA 336

7. Effects of final judgment declaring nullity

(a) In general, FC 50-54, 198, 213 but see FC

147-148

(b) On remarriage, FC 40, 41

19
 Wiegel v. Sempio-Diy, 143 SCRA 499 (1986)
Terre v. Terre, 211 SCRA 6
Domingo v. CA 226 SCRA 572
Cario vs. Cario 351 SCRA 127
Bobis vs. Bobis, G.R. No. 138509, July 31, 2000
Mercado vs.Tan, G.R. No 137110, August 1, 2000
Ty vs CA, 346 SCRA 327
Morigo vs Morigo, 422 SCRA 376
Montanez v Cipriano, GR 181089, Oct. 22,
2012

(c) On rights & obligations between the former spouses

(d) On the property regime of the marriage

FC 147-148

Valdes v. QC-RTC, G.R. No. 122749, July 31, 1996

Dino v Dino, GR 178044, January 19, 2011
Yu v Reyes-Carpio, GR 189207, June 15, 201
Cabreza v Cabreza, G.R. No. 181962, January 16, 2012

(e) On legitimes of the common children

FC 50-53, FC 51 in rel to NCC 886, 888;

FC 176
NCC 908, 1061
Sec. 21, A.M. No. 02-11-10-SC. March 4, 2003
COMPARE TO: FC 147

Dino v Dino, GR 178044, January 19, 2011

COMPARE TO:
Yu v Carpio-Reyes, GR 189207, June 15, 2011

(f) On the status and custody of children, FC 54, 213

(g) On use of surnames, NCC Art. 371, 364, 369

20
 Yasin vs Shari'a, G.R. No.94986 February 23, 1995
B. M. NO. 1625 -JOSEPHINE P. UY-TIMOSA
Remo v DFA, March 2010

(h) On hereditary rights, FC 43, 50, 54

(i) Effect of death, Art. 103, 130

Heirs of Go v Servacio, GR 157537, Sept. 7, 2011

H. Voidable Marriages

1 Tolentino 270 - 310

1. Void v. voidable marriages, FC 4 cf. 45

Weigel vs. Sempio-Dy 143 SCRA 499

Terre vs. Terre 211 SCRA 6

2. Grounds for annulment

(a) Absence of parental consent,

FC 4, 5, 14, 45(1), 47(1), 35 (1), cf R.A. 6809

Moe v. Dinkins, 533 F.Supp. 623 (1981), 669 F.2d 67 (1982)

(b) Insanity, FC 45(2), 47(2), NCC Art. 1149

Katipunan v Tenorio, 38 OG 172, 1937

Oropesa v Oropesa, GR 184528, April 25, 2012
Crewlink v Teringtering, GR 166803, October 14, 2012

(c) Fraud

FC 45(3), 46, 47(3)

21
 Hernandez vs. Court of Appeals, December 08, 1999

NCC 1338-1344

Buccat v. Buccat 72 Phil 49

Aquino v. Delizo 108 Phil 21
Anaya v. Palaroan 36 SCRA 97
Almelor vs. RTC, G.R. No. 179620, August 26, 2008

(d) Force, intimidation and undue influence

FC 45(4), 47(4)
NCC 1335-1337
RPC 344, last paragraph

Ruiz v Atienza, 40 O.G. 1903 (1941)

(e) Physical incapacity/impotence

FC 45(5), 47(5)

Jimenez v. Caizares 109 Phil 273

Sarao v Guevara, 1940, 40 OG 11 Supp 263
Alcazar vs Alcazar, GR 174451, October 13, 2009

(f) Affliction with STD, FC (45(6), compare with FC 46(3),

47(5)

3. Who can seek annulment, FC 47, Sec. 3, AM No. 02-11-10-SC,

March 4, 2003

4. When to seek annulment. FC 47, NCC 1149

5. Procedure in actions for annulment, see VII(E)(13)(b)-(d)

FC Art. 48, A.M. No. 02-11-10-SC. March 4, 2003

Barcelona vs. CA, G. R. 130087, Sept. 24, 2003

22
6. Effects of pendency of action for annulment

FC 49, 198, 213

A.M No. 02-11-12-SC. March 4, 2003

7. Effects of annulment, FC 50-54, 43, 102, 129, 213

(a) In general

Chan-Tan v Chan, G.R. No. 167139, February 25, 2010

(b) On remarriage, FC Art. 40

(c) On rights & obligations between the former spouses, 198
(d) On the property regime of the marriage

FC 50, FC 43(2) cf. FC 102(4), 129, 138

Buenaventura v CA, G.R. No. 127358. March 31, 2005
Quiao v Quiao, G. R. No. 183622, July 4, 2012

(e) On presumptive legitimes/hereditary rights

FC 50-53, 43 (2), FC 51 in rel to NCC 886, 888;

FC 176
NCC 908, 1061
FC 102 (5) and (6), 129 (8) and (9)

Yu v Reyes-Carpio, GR 189207, June 15, 2011

(f) On the status and custody of children, FC 54, 213

(g) On use of surnames, NCC Art. 371, 364, 369

Yasin vs Shari'a, G.R. No.94986 February 23, 1995

B.M. NO. 1625 -JOSEPHINE P. UY-TIMOSA
Remo v DFA, March 2010

I. Marriage when one spouse is absent

23
 FC 41-44, compare with NCC 83, 85(2) and 87(2)
cf. RPC 349

SSS vs. De Bailon, G.R. No. 165545, March 24, 2006

Valdez v Republic, G.R. No. 180863, September 8, 2009

J. Marriages dissolved by a foreign judgment

NCC 15, 17 (3)

FC 26 (2)

Arca vs Javier, July 31, 1954

Tenchavez v. Escao, 15 SCRA 355
Van Dorn v. Romillo, 139 SCRA 139
Somera v. Pilapil, 174 SCRA 663
Quita vs CA, 300 SCRA 406
Llorente vs CA, 345 SCRA 592
Garcia vs. Recio, 366 SCRA 437
Diego vs Castillo, 436 SCRA 67
RP vs. Orbecido, G.R.No. 154380, Oct. 5, 2005
San Luis vs. San Luis, G.R. 133743, Feb. 2, 2007
Amor-Catalan vs. Ca, G.R. No. 167109, February 6, 2007
Corpus v Sto Tomas, G.R. No. 186571, August 11, 2010
Llave v Republic, G.R. No. 169766, March 30, 2011
Catalan v Catalan-Lee, G. R. No. 183622, February 8, 2012

K. Marriages giving rise to criminal liability

Art. 4, Art. 16, Art. 41

NCC 84, RPC 351-352, FC 167-169

People v De Guzman, GR 185843, March 3, 2010

R.A. 6955, An Act to Declare Unlawful the Practice of Matching

Filipino Women for Marriage to Foreign Nationals

24
 R.A. 9208, Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2003, as amended by
RA 10364

VI. THE LAW ON SEPARATION OF THE SPOUSES

A. Concepts of separation & divorce

Benedicto v. De la Rama 3 Phil 34

1. Separation in fact, FC 238-248, 101(3)

Villanueva v Chiong, GR 159889, June 5, 2008

2. Agreements to separate, FC 1, NCC 221 (1)

Espinosa v Omana, A.C. No. 9081, October, 12, 2011

3. Absolute divorce

(a) Divorce under the Family Code

FC 26, paragraph 2
Gorayeb v Hashim, 50 Phil. 22
Tenchavez v. Escao, 15 SCRA 355
Van Dorn v. Romillo, 139 SCRA 139
Somera v. Pilapil, 174 SCRA 663

(b) Divorce under the Muslim Code, MC 45-55

Llave v Republic, G.R. No. 169766, March 30, 2011

Zamoranos v People, G.R. No. 193902, June 1, 2011

B. Concept of legal separation, compare with NCC 97

1. Grounds for legal separation Art. 55 FC, RA 9262

25
 A.M. No. 02-11-11-SC. March 4, 2003

(a) Sexual infidelity or perversion

FC 55(8)
NCC 36
RPC 333 & 334
RPC 247

Goitia v. Campos-Rueda 35 Phil 252

Gandionco v. Pearanda 155 SCRA 725
Kalaw v Fernandez, GR 166357, September 19, 2011
Republic v Quintos, GR 159594, November 12, 2012

(b) Drug addiction, habitual alcoholism, lesbianism or

homosexuality

FCC 55 (5) and (6) compare with FC 46(4)

Almelor v RTC, GR No. 179620, Aug. 26, 2008

Campos v Campos, A.M. No. MTJ-10-1761, Feb. 08, 2012

(c) Attempt on the life of the other spouse

FC 55(9), compare with NCC 97(2)

Rep. Act 9262

(d) Abandonment

FC Art. 55 (10)
FC 101 par. 3, compare with separation in fact
Republic v Quintos, GR 159594, November 12, 2012

(e) Other grounds

FC 55 (1)
Goitia vs Campos-Rueda, 35 Phils 252
Kalaw v Fernandez, GR 166357, September 19, 2011

26
2. Who can ask for legal separation

FC 55, compare with NCC 99

3. When may petition be filed

FC 57, compare with NCC 102, NCC 99

Lapuz v. Eufemio 43 SCRA 177

Matubis v. Praxedes, 109 Phil 789
People v. Zapata 88 Phil 688

4. Court procedure in legal separation

FC 58-60;
Sec 19, RA 9262
A.M. No. 02-11-11-SC. March 4, 2003

Araneta vs Concepcion, 99 Phil 709

Ocampo v Florenciano, 107 Phil 35
Lapuz vs Eufemio, 43 SCRA 177
Samosa vs Vamenta, Jr., 46 SCRA 110
Pacete v. Cariaga, 231 SCRA 321

5. Effect of pendency of the petition, FC 61-62

(a) cooling-off period, FC 58

(b) right of consortium, FC 61 par. 1
(c) administration of property, FC 61 par. 2

De la Via v. Villareal 41 Phil 13

Sabalones v. CA 230 SCRA 79

(d) Support and custody pendente lite

FC 62 cf. FC 49, FC 198

Yangco v. Rhode, 1 Phil 404

27
 De la Via v. Villareal, 41 Phil 13
Araneta v. Concepcion 99 Phil 709
Ramos v. Vamenta 46 SCRA 110
Lerma v. CA 61 SCRA 440

6. Defenses in actions for legal separation FC Art. 56

(a) Consent

FC 56(2); NCC 100

Matubis v. Praxedes, 109 Phil 789

People v. Sansano 50 Phil 73
People v. Schneckenberger 73 Phil 413

(b) Condonation

FC 56(1)
Ginez v. Bugayong 100 Phil 616

(c) Recrimination

FC 56(4)
Brown v. Yambao 102 Phil 168
Ong vs Ong, G.R. No. 153206, October 23, 2006

(d) Collusion/Mutual Consent

FC 60
FC 56(3), (5), compare with NCC 101 and 221(3)
Brown v. Yambao, supra
Ocampo v. Florenciano 107 Phil 35
Republic v CA, November 12, 2012

7. Effects of decree of legal separation

(a) On personal relations, FC 63

(b) On the custody of children

28
 FC 63(3); FC 213
NCC 106(3)
P.D. 603 (CYWC) Art. 17 par. 3
Matute v. Macadaeg, 99 Phil 340, May 30, 1956

(c) On property relations

FC 63(2), FC 64, FC Art. 102 (4), 129 (7)

Quiao v Quiao, G. R. No. 183622, July 4, 2012

(d) On support, FC 198

(e) On the use of surname, NCC 372

Laperal v. Republic 116 Phil 672

(f) On hereditary rights, FC 63(4)

(g) Solo Parents Act RA 8972

8. Reconciliation, FC 65-67

9. Effect of death of one of the parties

Lapuz vs. Eufemio 43 SCRA 314

Macadangdang vs. CA 108 SCRA 314

VII. RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF SPOUSES

1 Tolentino 338 - 355

cf. NCC 113-114

A. Obligation to love each other, FC 68

B. Obligation to live with the other spouse

29
 1. General rule and exceptions

FC 68 71; FC 72
Art. 100; 127; 101
NCC 921 (4)
RPC 11 (2)
RPC 247
Republic v Molina, G.R. No. 108763 February 13, 1997
Goitia v. Campos-Rueda, 35 Phils 252
Arroyo v. Vasques-Arroyo 42 Phil 54
Cuaderno v. Cuaderno 12 SCRA 505
Ilusorio vs. Bildner, G.R. No. 139789. May 12, 2000.

2. Designation of domicile

(a) General rule: jointly

FC 69 par. 1, compare with NCC 110
Abella v. COMELEC, 201 SCRA 335
De la Via v. Villareal, 41 Phil 13 at pp. 16-21

(b) Exception, FC 69 par. 2

C. Joint management of family life

FC 71, 94 (last par.), 121 (last par.), 122, 146

D. Joint Obligation to Support

FC 70, 194, 94 (1), 94 (last par.), 121, 122 (1), 146

SSS v De los Santos, G.R. No. 164790, August 29, 2008

SSS v Favila, G.R. No. 170195, March 28, 2011
Calderon vs Roxas, G.R. No. 185595, Jan. 09, 2013

E. The right to exercise a profession or calling

30
 FC 73, compare with NCC 117
FC Art. 94 (2), (3); FC Art. 121 (2), (3)
Art. II Sec. 14 and Art. XIII Sec. 14, 1987 Constitution
cf. NCC 113 compare with ROC Rule 3 Sec. 4

cf. R.A. 7192, An Act Promoting the Integration of Women as

Full & Equal Partners of Men in Development and Nation
Building

cf. R.A. 8187, An Act Granting Paternity Leave...

RA 9710, Magna Carta of Women

F. Related rights/obligations

Republic v Molina, G.R. No. 108763 February 13, 1997

Yasin v. Shariah Court 241 SCRA (1995)

G. Enforcement of Rights of Women and Children

Republic Act No. 9262 Anti-Violence Against Women and Children

Sharica Mari Go Tan vs Spouses Tan, GR No. 168852, Sept.

30, 2008
San Diego vs RTC, G.R. No. 193960, Jan. 07, 2013

VIII. PROPERTY RELATIONS OF THE SPOUSES

A. Requisites for validity of marriage settlements

FC Art. 75; 130 (3); 103 (3)

1. Prior to marriage: modifications

FC 1; FC 76 (modifications after marriage)

FC 66, 67, 128, 135, 136

Pana vs. Heirs of Juanite, Sr., G.R. No. 164201, December 10, 2012

31
 2. Form & registration requirement, FC 77, NCC 1357, 1358,
NCC 709

3. Celebration of the marriage, FC 81 cf. Art. 86 (1)

B. Parties to a marriage settlement

(a) minors, FC 78, 14, 211, 225

(b) persons under civil interdiction, NCC Art. 38, 39,
FC 79, RPC 34, FC 135 (1)
(c) incapacitated persons, FC 79, in rel. to NCC 38-39

C. Which law governs property relations

1. Stipulation in marriage settlements, FC 80

2. If both Filipinos
3. Mixed marriage between Filipino and alien
4. If both aliens
5. For property located outside RP

FC 80 (2) and (3) in rel. to NCC 16

FC 80 (3) in rel. To NCC 17 (1)

D. Donations propter nuptias

1. Definition, FC 82

Solis v Solis, 53 Phil 912 [1928]

Velasquez v CA, G.R. No. 126996. February 15, 2000
Abobon v Abobon, G.R. No. 155830, August 15, 2012

2. Form of Donations, FC Art. 83, NCC Arts. 748-749

Valencia v Loquiao, GR 122134, October 3, 2003

Doronio v Heirs, G.R. No. 169454, December 27, 2007

32
 3. Who may be donors FC Art 82, 83, 84

4. What may be donated by a spouse as donor

(a) present property, FC 84, 1070, 720

(b) future property, FC 84; NCC 761

Mateo vs Lagua, 29 SCRA 864

(c) encumbered property, FC 85

(d) donations in the marriage settlements, FC 81

5. Void donations by the spouses, FC 87

(a) Donations during the marriage

Ching v Goyanko, GR 165879, November 10, 2006

(b) Donations in common law marriages

Matabuena v. Cervantes 38 SCRA 284

SSS v Davac, G.R. No. L-21642. July 30, 1966
Bienvenido v. Court of Appeals, 237 SCRA 676
Sumbad vs CA, 308 CRA 575
Arcaba vs. Tabancura vs. de Batocael, G.R. No.
146683. Nov. 22, 2001
Probate v De Jesus, G.R. No. 168733. March 27,
2006
Dycaico v SSS, G.R. No. 161357. June 6, 2006
Ching v Goyanko, GR 165879, November 10,
2006

6. Revocation of donations propter nuptias, FC 81, 86(1)

(a) revocation by donor, FC 86; NCC 765; FC Art. 50; 43 (3)

33
 Mateo vs Lagua, 29 SCRA 864

(b) by operation of law, FC 44; 61; 43 (3)

E. Absolute community of property (ACP)

1. When applicable, FC 75, 103 (3); 130 (3); 92 (3)

2. Commencement, FC 88

3. Waiver during marriage, FC 89 (1) cf NCC 168

4. Waiver after marriage, FC 89 par. 2

5. Suppletory rules:

Co-ownership, FC 90; of NCC 484-501

6. What constitutes ACP, FC 91

(a) All property at time of marriage

(b) Property acquired subsequently
(c) Winnings from gambling, FC 95 cf NCC 164
(d) Presumption of ACP, FC 93 of NCC 160

Muller v Muller, G.R. No. 149615, August 29, 2006

Pacific Ace v Yanagisawa, G.R. No. 175303, April 11, 2012
Beumer v Amores, GR 195670, December 3, 2012

7. What is excluded from ACP, FC 92; Note: FC 142

Abrenica v Abrenica, G.R. No. 180572, June 18, 2012

8. Charges upon ACP, FC 94

Luzon Surety Co., Inc. vs De Garcia, 30 SCRA 111

Gelano vs CA, 103 SCRA 90
G-Tractors, Inc., vs CA, 135 SCRA 192

34
(a) Family expenses cf. FC 100 (3), FC 121(5) and FC 94 (1),
(4), (5)

Francisco v Gonzales, G.R. No. 177667, September 17,

2008

(b) Debts of spouses, Art. 94 (2) and (3)

(c) Subsidiary liabilities, Art. 94 (9)

Buado vs. CA, G.R. No. 145222, April 24, 2009

(d) Sole obligations of a spouse, Art. 94

(e) Gambling losses, FC 95
(f) Other charges, Art. 94

9. Ownership, FC 90, FC 96 in rel. to NCC 206

10. Administration and enjoyment of ACP

(a) joint administration, FC 96; FC 90

Yu Bun Guan vs Ong, 36 SCRA 559

Dar v Legasto, G.R. No. 143016, August 30, 2000

(b) Sole administration

(1) incapacity, FC 96 (2) no court order

Uy vs. CA, 346 SCRA 246

(2) separation in fact FC 100 (3), 142 with court

order, of separate property
(3) abandonment, FC 101 with court order
(5) pendency of legal separation proceeding, FC
61 with court order

(c) Disposition and encumbrance, FC 96-98

35
 Matthews vs. Taylor, GR 164584, June 22, 2009

11. Effect of separation de facto, FC 100; 101; cf. FC 239

12. Effect of abandonment, FC 101, FC 72, 239

13. Causes for dissolution of ACP, FC 99

(a) Death, FC 103 cf. Rule 73 Sec. 12 ROC

Heirs of Go v Servacio, GR 157537, Sept. 7, 2011

(b) Legal separation, FC 63(2); FC 66

(c) Annulment and declaration of nullity, FC 50 in rel. to
FC 43 (2), 147, 148
(d) Judicial separation of property, FC 134-138

Ugalde v Ysasi, GR 130623, February 29, 2008

14. Effects of dissolution

(a) Liquidation procedure, FC 102

Quiao v Quiao, G. R. No. 183622, July 4, 2012

(b) For cause other than death, FC 43 (2); FC 63(2); 147;

148
(c) Termination due to death, FC 103

Buenaventura v CA, G.R. No. 127358. March 31, 2005

Dino v Dino, GR 178044, January 19, 2011
Yu v Reyes-Carpio, GR 189207, June 15, 2011

15. For marriages before FC, FC 104 cf Art. 103 (3)

Delizo v. Delizo, 69 SCRA 216

16. Support during ACP liquidation

36
 F. Conjugal partnership of gains

Belcodero v. CA 227 SCRA 303

Sps. Estonina v. CA G.R. No. 111547, Jan. 27, 1997
Quiao v Quiao, G. R. No. 183622, July 4, 2012
Orpiano vs Tomas, G.R. No. 178611, Jan. 14, 2013

1. When CPG commences and applies

(a) Marriages under FC, FC 107 cf. FC 88, FC 89

(b) Marriages before FC, FC 105(2) of FC 256

Castro vs. Miat, 397 SCRA 271

(c) When applicable, FC 105 of FC 74-76, 107, 88, 89

(d) Suppletory rules, FC 108 cf. NCC 1767-1768

2. What is included in the CPG, FC Art. 106, 117, 115, 118,

119, 120

Titan v David, G.R. No. 169548, March 15, 2010

Imani vs. Metrobank, G.R. No. 187023, Nov. 17,
2010.
Dewara v Lamela, GR 179010, April 11, 2011

3. What is excluded from CPG, FC 109

(a) Brought as exclusive property, FC 109(1)

Laperal v. Katigbak, 10 SCRA 493

Francisco v CA, G.R. No. 102330, Nov. 25, 1998

(b) Acquired by gratuitous title during marriage,

FC 109 (2) cf FC 113, FC 114, FC 115, NCC 1015

37
 Veloso v. Martinez, 28 Phil 255
Berciles v. GSIS,128 SCRA 53, cf. FC 115

(c) Acquired by redemption/exchange, FC 109(3), NCC

1601, 1619

Plata v. Yatco, 12 SCRA 718

(d) Purchased with exclusive money, FC 109(4); of FC

118-119

(e) Properties of parents

Laurena vs CA, GR 159220, September 22, 2008

4. Administration of exclusive property

(a) By the spouse-owner, FC 110

(b) By the other spouse, FC 110(2); FC 142, 75, 227

` Veloso v. Martinez, 28 Phil 255

Manotok Realty v. CA, 149 SCRA 372
Ong vs CA, 204 SCRA 297

5. Encumbrance/disposition of exclusive property

FC 111-112, of FC 236, amended by RA 6809

Wong et al. v. IAC 200 SCRA 792

6. What constitutes CPG

(a) Definition, FC 106

(b) Presumption of CPG, FC 116

Dewara v Lamela, GR 179010, April 11, 2011

De La Pena v Avila, G.R. No. 187490, Feb. 8, 2012
Quiao v Quiao, G. R. No. 183622, July 4, 2012

38
 ( c) What are included in CPG, FC 117, 115, 118, 119,
120

Villanueva vs CA, 427 SCRA 439

Mendoza v. Reyes 124 SCRA 154
Aguete v PNB, GR 170166, April 6, 2011

(d) If property bought by installments, FC Art. 118

Jovellanos v CA, G.R. No. 100728 June 18, 1992

Tarrosa vs. De Leon, GR 185063, July 23, 2009

(e) Credits due, FC 119

(f) Improvements on CPG property, FC 120

Munoz, Jr. v Ramirez, GR 156125, August 25, 2010

7. Charges upon and obligations of CPG, FC 121, 122

Mariano vs CA, 174 SCRA 59

Ayala vs CA, 286 SCRA 272
Ching vs CA, 423 SCRA 356
Homeowners vs. Dailo, G.R. No. 153802, Mar.11, 2005
Ando v Campo, GR 184007, February 16, 2011

(a) With consent

G-Tractors v. CA, 135 SCRA 192

Ong v. CA 204 SCRA 297
Ayala Investment vs. CA (February 12, 1998)
Security Bank vs. Mar Tiera Corp., G.R. No. 143382,
Nov. 29, 2006
Aguete v PNB, GR 170166, April 6, 2011

(b) Without consent

39
 Costuna vs. Domondon, 180 SCRA 333
Carlos vs. Abelardo, 380 SCRA 361
Villanueva vs Chiong, GR 59889, June 5, 2008
Ravina v Villa-Abrille, GR No. 160708, Oct. 16, 2009
Fuentes v Roca, GR No. 178902, April 21, 2010

(c) personal debts, FC 122, RPC 108

People v. Lagrimas, 29 SCRA 153

Buado vs Buado, G.R. No. 145222, April 24, 2009
Pana vs. Heirs of Juanite, Sr., G.R. No. 164201,
December 10, 2012

(d) winnings from gambling, FC 123

8. Ownership, administration and enjoyment

(a) Joint administration, FC 124 cf. FC 96, 142

Guiang vs CA, 291 SCRA 372

Roxas v. CA 198 SCRA 541 [1991]
Docena vs. Lapesura, 355 SCRA 658
Alinas vs Alinas, GR No. 158040, April 14, 2008
Aggabao vs. Parulan, G.R. No. 165803, Sept. 1, 2010

(b) Sole administration

(1) Incapacity, FC 124, 127, 253

Uy vs. CA, 346 SCRA 246

(2) Separation in fact, FC 100 (3), 127(3)

(3) Abandonment, FC 101, 128
`
(4) Pendency of legal separation proceedings, FC 61

40
 Sabalones v. CA 230 SCRA 79

(c) Disposition and encumbrance, FC 124-125; FC 97,

121

Cheeseman v. IAC 193 SCRA 93

Frenzel vs. Catito, G.R. No. 143958, July 11, 2003
Villaranda vs. Villaranda, G.R. No. 153447, Feb. 23,
2004
Ravina v Villa-Abrille, GR No. 160708, Oct. 16, 2009
Siochi v Gozon, G.R. No. 169900, March 18, 2010
Fuentes vs. Roca, G.R. No. 178902, April 21, 2010
Aguete v PNB, GR 170166, April 6, 2011
Flores v Lindo, GR 183984, April 13, 2011

9. Effect of separation de facto, FC 127, FC 100 cf. FC 239

10. Effect of abandonment, FC 128 cf. FC 101

Partosa-Jo v. CA 216 SCRA 693

11. Dissolution of CPG, FC 126

(a) Death, FC 126 (1), 130

Heirs of Go v Servacio, GR 157537, Sept. 7, 2011

(b) Legal separation, FC 63 (2), FC 66

(c) Annulment and declaration of nullity, FC 50 in rel.
to FC 43 (2)
(d) Judicial separation of property, FC 134-138

Ugalde v Ysasi, GR 130623, February 29, 2008

12. Effects of dissolution, FC 129

Tarrosa vs De Leon, GR 185063, July 23, 2009

41
 Cabreza v Cabreza, GR 171260, September 11, 2009
Cabreza v Cabreza, GR 181962, January 16, 2012

(a) Liquidation procedure, FC 129

Quiao v Quiao, G. R. No. 183622, July 4, 2012

(b) Cause other than death, FC 129; FC 43(2), FC 63(2)

(c) termination due to death; FC 130, cf. FC 104

13. For marriages before FC, FC 131

14. Applicability of Rules of Court, FC 132

15. Support during CPG liquidation, FC 133

Santero v. CFI, 153 SCRA 728

G. Regime of separation of property

1. When applicable

(a) In the marriage settlements, FC 143-146

(b) When mandatory, FC 103 & FC 130
(c) Reconciliation in legal separation, FC 66(2)
(d) Judicial separation of property, FC 135-146

Ugalde v Ysasi, GR 130623, February 29, 2008

2. Property covered, FC 144

3. Administration

(a) By the owner-spouse, FC 145

(b) By the other spouse, FC 142, 101
(c) FC 100 (3); 101

4. Family expenses, FC 146

42
 5. Conveyances between the spouses, FC 87, NCC 1490

H. Judicial separation of property

1. When possible, FC 134

Maquilan vs Maquilan, June 8, 2007

2. For sufficient cause, FC 135, RPC 34, cf. FC 55 (10);

229(4), 231, 232

Ugalde v Ysasi, GR 130623, February 29, 2008

Sales v Sales, GR 174803, July 13, 2009

3. Voluntary separation of property, FC 136, FC 74-75, FC 134

4. Effects of judicial separation of property

(a) liquidation of CPG or ACP, FC 137 par. 1

(b) support pendente lite, FC 137 par. 2
(c) regime after JSP, FC 138 of FC 66 (2)
(d) binding effect on third parties, FC 139-140; of FC 66(2)

Laperal v Katigbak, 116 Phil 672

5. Revival of property regime after JSP, FC 141 cf. FC 67, 135,

142

6. Transfer of administration of exclusive property, FC 142 FC

96; FC 124

I. Property regime of unions without marriage

Review: FC 6, 35 (2), 35 (3), 35 (5), 36, 38, 53; FC 41, 44; FC 45

(Void and voidable marriages)

1. Unions under FC 147, 6, 35, 36, 53, cf. NCC 144

43
 Valdes v. QC RTC, G.R. No. 122749, July 31, 1996
Carino vs. Carino, GR 132539, February 3, 2001
Gonzales vs Gonzales, 478 SCRA 327
Dio v Dio, GR 178004, January 19, 2011

2. Unions under FC 148 of FC 50 in rel. to FC 49(2) and FC

50, 37, 38, and 44

Bienvenido v. CA 237 SCRA 676

Agapay vs Agapay, 276 SCRA 340
Tumlos vs. Sps. Fernandez, G.R. No. 137650, Apr 12, 2000
Adriano v CA, 328 SCRA 738
Malilin vs Castillo, 333 SCRA 628
Villanueva vs CA, 427 SCRA 439
Atienza vs.de Castro,G.R. No. 1695698, Nov. 29, 2006
Signey v SSS, GR No. 173582, Jan. 28, 2008
Borromeo vs Descallar, GR No. 159310, Feb. 24, 2009
Heirs of Maramag vs De Guzman, GR 181132, June 5, 2009
Lacbayan v Samoy, G.R. No. 165427, March 21, 2011 (see
J. Brions Separate Opinion)

IX. FAMILY RELATIONS

A. What governs family relations, FC 149, Constitution Art. II, Sec.

12 and Art. XV

B. Effects of family relationship on legal disputes

FC 150 - 151
NCC 2035
ROC Rule 16 Sec. 1(j)
RPC 20, 247 and 332

Gayon v. Gayon, 36 SCRA 104

Wainwright v. Versoza, 26 SCRA 78
Magbaleta vs Gonong, 76 SCRA 511
Tribiana vs.Tribiana, G.R. No. 137359, Sept. 13, 2004
Hiyas Savings vs. Acua, G.R. NO. 154132, August 31, 2006

44
 C. The family home

1. What constitutes the family home, FC 152, 156, 161

2. Who may constitute the family home, FC 152, FC 161

3. When deemed constituted, FC 153

2. When terminated, FC 153 compare with FC 159

Arriola v Arriola, GR 177703, January 28, 2008

5. Beneficiaries, FC 154, 158, 194-196, 199

Patricio vs. Dario, G.R. No. 170829, November 20, 2006

6. Exemptions, FC 155, FC 157, FC 160

7. When may be sold, FC 158

Honrado v CA, GR 166333, Nov. 25, 2005

Cabang vs Basay, GR No. 180587, March 20, 2009
Fortaleza v Lapitan, GR 178288, August 15, 2012

8. Rights of creditors, FC 160-162

Ramos v Pangilinan, GR 185920, July 20, 2010

Equitable v OJ Mark, G.R. No. 165950, August 11, 2010
De Mesa v Acero, G.R. No. 185064, January 16,
2012

X. PATERNITY AND FILIATION

A. Concepts of paternity, filiation and legitimacy, FC 163

B. Legitimate children, FC 164 cf. FC 165 in rel to NCC 256-257,

166, 167, 168, 169

Angeles vs Maglaya, 469 SCRA 363

45
 SSS vs. Aguas, G.R. 165546, Feb. 27, 2006
Rivera vs Heirs, GR No. 141501, July 21, 2006
Suntay v Suntay, GR 183053, October 10, 2012

1. Who are considered legitimate children

(a) Conceived during marriage cf. ROC Rule 131 Sec.

3(dd), FC Art. 168

1. valid marriage

Arbolario v CA, G.R. No. 129163, April 22, 2003

Continental Steel v Montano, Oct. 13, 2009

2. terminated marriage under FC 42 in rel. to FC

43(1)
3. void marriages under FC 54
4. voidable marriages, FC 45

Suntay v Suntay, GR 132524, Dec. 29, 1998

(b) Born during marriage, FC 164

(c) Conceived by artificial insemination cf. NCC 40,
FC 164
(d) Adopted children, RA 8552, Sec. 17

Rivera v Ramirez, GR 189697, June 27, 2012

(e) Legitimated children, 177, 178

2. Rights of legitimate children, FC 173-174

NCC 364, 374, 376

NCC 888, NCC 979

Moore v. Republic, 8 SCRA 282

Naldoza v. Republic, 112 SCRA 658
Ong vs CA, 272 SCRA 725

46
 Rep. vs CA, 300 SCRA 138

C. Illegitimate children

1. Who are considered illegitimate

(a) under NCC

(b) under FC 165

Uy v Chua, G.R. No. 183965, September 18, 2009

2. Rights of illegitimate children, FC 173, 172, 175-176

Osmea de Valencia v. Rodriguez, 84 Phil 222

Briones vs. Miguel, 440 SCRA 455, October 18, 2004
Maramag vs De Guzman, GR 181132, June 5, 2009
De la Cruz vs Gracia, G.R. No. 177728, July 31, 2009
Manungas v Loreto, GR 193161, August 22, 2011
Gotardo v Buling, GR 165166, August 15, 2012

D. Action to impugn legitimacy

Reyes vs. Mauricio, G.R. No. 175080, November 24, 2010

1. Grounds, FC 166

(a) Physical impossibility of access

Andal v. Macaraig, 89 Phil 165

Macadangdang v. CA, 100 SCRA 73
Concepcion vs. CA, G.R. No. 123450, Aug. 31, 2005

(b) Biological or other scientific grounds

A.M.No.06115SC(RULEONDNAEvidence)
FC170,171

47
 Agustin, June 15, 2005
Herrera vs. Alba, G.R. No. 148220, June 15, 2005
Estate v. Diaz, G.R. No. 171713, Dec. 17, 2007
Lucas v Lucas, GR No. 190710, June 6, 2011

(c.) FC 166(3)

2. Effect of a mothers declaration, FC 167

Chua Keng Giap v. IAC, 158 SCRA 18

3. In subsequent marriages, FC 168, 169

People v Quitoriano, January 20, 1997

4. Presumptions, FC 170, 171

5. Prescription of action to impugn legitimacy

Gaspay v. CA, 238 SCRA 163

6. Who may impugn

Benitez-Badua v. CA, 229 SCRA 468

Liyao, Jr. vs. Tanhoti-Liyao, 378 SCRA 563
Republic v Magpayo, GR 189476, Feb. 2, 2011

E. Proof of Filiation

1. Of legitimate children, FC 172-173

Diaz vs. Court of Appeals, 129 SCRA 621, June 22, 1984
Tison vs. Court of Appeals, 276 SCRA 582, July 31, 1997
Trinidad vs. Court of Appeals, 289 SCRA 188, April 20, 1998
Heirs of Conti v CA, G.R. No. 118464, December 21, 1998
De Jesus vs. Estate of Juan Gamboa Dizon, 366 SCRA 499
Makati Shangri-La v Harper, GR 189998, August 29, 2012

48
 2. Of illegitimate children, FC 175

Jison vs. CA, 286 SCRA 495

Heirs of Gabatan vs CA, GR 150206, March 13, 2009
Dela Cruz , et al vs. Gracia, G.R. No. 177728, July 31, 2009
Lucas v Lucas, G.R. No. 190710, June 6, 2011
Gotardo v Buling, GR 165166, August 15, 2012
Perla v Baring, GR 172471, November 12, 2012

3. Rights of illegitimate children, FC 176

4. Compulsory recognition, cf. RPC 345

People v Abella, G.R. No. 177295, January 6, 2010

F. Legitimated Children

1. who may be legitimated, FC 177, RA 9858

Abadilla vs Tabiliran, 249 SCRA 447

2. How legitimation takes place, FC 178, FC 180

3. Retroactivity and effects, FC 180-181

4. Action to impugn legitimation, FC 182

5. Rights of legitimated children, FC 179

XI. ADOPTION

Lazatin v. Campos, 92 SCRA 250

Cervantes v. Fajardo, 169 SCRA 575
R.A. 8552 (Domestic Adoption Law)
A.M. No. 02-6-02-S.C. (Aug. 22, 2002)

49
 A. Requisites to be an adopter

1. Age and capacity required Sec. 7

2. Husband and wife jointly Sec. 7

Michelle Lim, GR 168992, May 21, 2009

3. Need for consent Sec. 9

Landingin vs. RP, G.R. No. 164948, June 27, 2006

4. Aliens as adopters Sec. 7 (b)

Republic v. Toledano, 233 SCRA 9

R.A. 8043, The Law on Inter-Country Adoption

A.M. No. 02-6-02-S.C. (Aug. 22, 2002)

B. Who may not adopt, Sec. 7

C. Who may be adopted, Sec. 8

D. Who may not be adopted

E. Effect of death, Sec. 13

F. Procedure in adoption

Republic Act No. 9253, March 12, 2009 - AN ACT

REQUIRING CERTIFICATION OF THE DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL
WELFARE AND DEVELOPMENT (DSWD) TO DECLARE A "CHILD
LEGALLY AVAILABLE FOR ADOPTION" AS A PREREQUISITE FOR
ADOPTION PROCEEDINGS

G. Effects of a decree of adoption

50
 1. On status
2. On parental authority,

Tamargo v. CA, 209 SCRA 518

Cervantes v. Fajardo, 169 SCRA 575

3. On hereditary rights, Sec. 18; FC 189-190; Art. 39, PD 603,

Rule 99, Section 5
See: Balane, Ruben, Jottings in Succession, [2006 ed.]

4. On name

In the Matter of Adoption of Stephanie Garcia, 454

SCRA 541

H. Rescission of adoption, Sec. 19

Lahom vs. Sibulo, G.R. No. 143989, July 14, 2003

1. by the adopted
2. by the adopter/s
3. effects of rescission, Sec. 20

XII. SUPPORT

A. What comprises support, FC 194

B. Who are obliged to provide support, FC 195, 196

Pelayo v. Lauron, 12 Phil 453

Sanchez v. Zulueta, 68 Phil 110
De Asis vs. CA, G.R. No. 127578, Feb. 15, 1999
Rondina v People, GR 179059, June 13, 2012
Gotardo v Buling, GR 165166, August 15, 2012
Perla v Baring, GR 172471, November 12, 2012
Calderon vs Roxas, G.R. No. 185595, Jan. 09, 2013

C. Source of support, FC 197-198, cf. FC 49, 70, 94, 121, 122

51
 Lerma v. CA, 61 SCRA 440
Reyes vs Ines-Luciano, 88 SCRA 803

D. Order of support, FC 199, 200, 204

Mangonon vs. CA, G.R. No. 125041, June 30, 2006

Spouses Lim v Lim, G.R. No. 163209, October 30, 2009

E. Manner and time of payment, FC 200-204

Calderon vs Roxas, G.R. No. 185595, Jan. 09, 2013

F. Amount of support, FC 200-208

Lacson vs. Lacson, G.R.No. 150644, August 28, 2006

G. Renunciation and Termination, NCC 2035; FC 194; NCC 152

(read Tolentino)

H. Support pendente lite, FC 198; Rules of Court, Rule 61

I. Procedure in applications for support, Rule 61

XIII. PARENTAL AUTHORITY & CUSTODY OF CHILDREN

A. Concept of parental authority, Art. II, Sec. 12, 1987 Constitution,

FC 209, 211, NCC 356-363

Medina vs. Makabali, 27 SCRA 502, March 28, 1969

Unson vs. Navarro, 101 SCRA 183, November 17, 1980

B. Transfer of PA, FC 210 cf. FC 223-224, FC 234, 217

Eslao vs CA, 266 SCRA 317

52
C. Who exercises PA, FC 211-213 cf. FC 49, 102(6), 43(2), 63(2),
176. 49, 102 (6), 129 (9)

Unson v. Navarro 101 SCRA 183

Espiritu & Layug v. CA, G.R. No. 115640 (1995)
Santos Sr. v. C.A., G.R. No. 113054 (1995)
David vs. Court of Appeals, 250 SCRA 82, November 16, 1995
Tonog vs. CA, 376 SCRA 642
Briones vs. Miguel, G.R. No. 156343, October 18, 2004
Gualberto vs. Gualberto, G.R. No. 154994. June 28, 2005

D. Substitute PA, FC 214-216, FC 217, 233

Rep. Act No. 10165, Foster Care Act of 2012.

Vancil vs Belmes, 358 SCRA 707

E. Special PA

FC 218-219, FC 233
cf. FC 221 in rel. to NCC 2180

St. Marys Academy vs. Carpitanos, G.R. No. 143363,

February 6, 2002
Child Learning Centre vs. Tagario, GR 150920, NOV. 25, 2005
School of the Holy Spirit vs. Taguiam, GR 165565, July 14,
2008
Aquinas School v Inton, GR 184202, January 26, 2011

F. Filial privilege, FC 215

ROC Rule 130 Sec. 25 cf. Secs. 22 & 23

Lee v CA, GR 177861, July 13, 2010

G. Effects of PA over the childs person,

FC 220-222
FC 223-224

Cuadra v. Monfort, 35 SCRA 160

53
 R.A. 7610, The Child Abuse Law

H. Effects of PA over the childs property,

FC 225-227, RA 9231, Secs. 12-B and 12-C

Hebron vs. Loyola, G.R. No. 168960, July 5, 2010

Neri v Heirs, GR 194366, October 10, 2012

I. Suspension or termination of PA

1. permanent termination, FC 228, 232, cf. RA 6809

2. non-permanent termination, FC 229 cf. FC 193

Secs. 16 and 19, RA 8552 re parental authority and revocation

of adoption

3. suspension of PA, FC 231-230, 233

Chua v. Cabangbang, 27 SCRA 791

De Guzman vs Perez, 496 SCRA 474

4. revival

See: R.A. 8369, An Act Establishing Family Courts, Granting Them

Exclusive Original Jurisdiction Over Child and Family Cases.

See: R.A. 7610, Child Abuse Act

XIV. EMANCIPATION

RA 6809

A. Cause of emancipation, FC 234 as amended

B. Effect of emancipation, FC 236 as amended

cf. FC 15, NCC 2180

54
XV. SUMMARY JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS UNDER FC

Arts. 238-253, 100(2), 127(2), 41, 51, 69, 73, 96, 124, 217, 225

XVI CARE AND EDUCATION OF CHILDREN

NCC 356-363

XVII. SURNAMES

NCC 364-380
RA 6085 regulating the use of aliases, August 4, 1969
RA 9255, FC 176

Llaneta v. Agrava, 57 SCRA 29

Telmo v. Republic, 73 SCRA 29
Tolentino v. CA, 162 SCRA 66
Legamia v. IAC, 131 SCRA 479
Change of Name, Wang, G.R. No. 159966.March 30, 2005
Remo v DFA, March 5, 2010
Gonzaludo v People, G.R. No. 150910, February 6, 2006
Dapar v. Biascan, 439 SCRA 179

XVIII. RULES GOVERNING PERSONS WHO ARE ABSENT

NCC 381-383, 384-389, FC 96, 101, 124, NCC 390-396, FC 41

Reyes v. Alejandro, 141 SCRA 65

Eastern Shipping v. Lucero, 124 SCRA 425
Manuel vs. People, G.R. No. 165842, Nov. 29, 2005
Pantollano v Korphil, GR 169575, March 30, 2011
Rep. v Granada, GR 187512, June 13, 2012

XIX. FUNERALS

NCC 305-310, FC 195, 194

55
 Eugenio v. Velez, 185 SCRA 425

XX. ENTRIES IN THE CIVIL REGISTER

NCC 407-413
ROC, Rule 108
RA 9048, as amended by RA 10172

Barretto vs Local Civil Registrar, 74 SCRA 257

Republic v Valencia, GR L-32181, March 5, 1986
Republic v. Marcos, 182 SCRA 223
Labayo-Rowe v. Republic, 168 SCRA 294
Zapanta v. Registrar, 237 SCRA 25v
Leonor v. Court of Appeals, 256 SCRA 69
Silverio vs. RP, G.R. No. 174689, October 22, 2007
Rep. vs. Cagandahan, , G.R. No. 166676, Sept. 12,
2008
Dela Cruz v Gracia, G.R. No. 177728, July 31, 2009
Braza v The Registrar, G.R. No. 181174, December 4, 2009
Baldos vs. CA, G.R. No. 170645, July 9, 2010
Republic v Magpayo, GR 189476, Feb. 2, 2011
Republic v Sagun, G.R. No. 187567, February 15, 2012
United Clan v Sabellano, GR 186722, June 18, 2012

56