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O34u odkh r( 033-2239662 $ 077-8829705
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fjkafldg ykd.ekSu i|yd wfkl=;a ffp;islhkaf.ka
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ke.Sula Wia fldjla u;g ke.Sula yd iulr olajd we;24'
ldu m%jdyhka yd we<S .e<S .; lrk iajNdjfhka yd;amiska
fjkia jQ njla fuu l=K Wmudfjka wjk w;r" tuska
ria: jQ;a" uOHia: jQ;a ne,Sula yqjd olajhs' j,a w,sfhl=
yS,E lsf l%shdj,shlg i;smGdk Ndjkdj iufldg olajk
oka;N+ iQ;%fha fuu ria: jQ iajNdjh kej;;a wmg u;la
lr fohs' h fia w;ska w,a,d .kakd ,o wixjr w,sfhl=
Wf.a j,a .;sh re lsu i|yd l%ufhka ys,E l< hq;= jkafkao"
tfiau i;smGdkh NsCIqjla ;u .DydY%s; ;fhka yd tyd
inkaO u;lfhka flka l wE;a lrhs' 25'
;j;a Wmudjlg wkqj i;sh ztiKSz - l+rlg iudk
fldg olajhs'26 Y,H ffjoHjrhd ;=jd,h ms<sn| je ia;r
,nd .ekSug l+r Nd;d lrk w;r" u;= m%;sldr i|yd;a
th fhdod .kafka hfiao" tfiau i;sh we;s ieh u;=lr
.ekSug;a" tuska u;= h ms<sh i|yd fyd| miqula
ilialru o lrhs' fuf,i i;sh u;= lghq;= ioyd miqu
ieliSu fjk;a kso34Ykhl f.dhdf.a yS je, fyj;a k.=,a
M,lhg yd flgg Wmdud fldg olajhs' fuu Wmudj uska"
f.drd< flg wdOdrfhka ySh wLKavj yiqrejdf.k hk
w;r wnrejka yS mdr f.a bhg lrk nj;a" yS je,
fyj;a k=,a o; f w;rjdrfha fmdf<dj midre lrf.k
lvdf.k hka wuq mi u;= lr,k nj;a w34:j;a fjhs' f
uska me<m; f.dhug i,k fia fl; l,a we;sj iQodk
flfrhs' tfiau i;sh wLKavj ukisldrfha ^uki& mj;ajhs
k tu wjia:df wruqK ms<sn|j zls|dZnei ne,Sug wjfndaOh
bv ,nhs' wruqfKka fyj;a j34;udk ixisoafha fkdfmfkk
ienEj ^;s%,CIKh& u;=lr fohs' u;= m%{d c j34Okhg bv
i<ihs'
i;sfha m%Odku ,CIK fjka fldg ykd .ekSu i|+yd
fuys wfkl=;a ffp;islhka f.ka yqol,dfldg ;ksj i,ld
n,kq ,ef'
wfkl=;a w mi yd Ndjkd ffp;isl O34uhka
.,mka olajk ;j;a Wmudjlg wkqj m%{d my<ug
Wmldrl iajNdjfhka i;sh l%shd lrk wdldrh olajd we;'
15
tys ,d i;sh ixikaokh fldg we;af;a we;df.a ysi ord isk
f.,gh tys we;a ysi hkq m%{djhs29'
nqmshdKka jykafiaf.a .=Khla jkakd jQ o we;dg
wdfKsl fohla jQo zzy;a f,dalkhZZ" me;a; n,k g ysi
muKla fkdyrjd uq Yrh;a iuu yeu k jQ .=Kh ksid
fuu f.f<a Wmudj jvd;a w34:j;a fjhs30' fuuska i;sh we;a
ysi fuka hulg uq wjOdkhu fhou uqys;skau lsug
ie<iau k jQ .=Kfhka hqla; nj lshef'
we;a ne,au jkdyS nqmshdKka jykafiag u wdfKsl
.=Khla jk w;r" t<U is ldrKhg wLKav jQ;a imQ34K jQ;a
wjOdkh fhu ishu ry;ka jykafia,dg fmd ,CIKhls'31'
r: frdaaohl tlu wrhlg i;sh Wmud lrk fjk;a Wmudjla
uska f.kyer olajd we;'31' ta wkqj bhg wefok r:hlg
Wmudfldg ry;ka jykafiaf.a ldhsl l%shdldrl olajk w;r
ta l%shdldrl ish,a, r: frdaofha t< nr orK tlu wrh
fuka jQ i;sfha Wmldrfhka isf'
iq;a; ksmd; .d:d Ou_hlg wkqj m%{df j34Okh
i|yd i;sfha Wmldrh kej;;a yqjd olajk w;r" i;sh
f,dalfha we;s O zzOdrdjkaZZ ukakla f,ig olajd we;'
fuf,i uev,Su isu ksid m%{dfjka tajd lmd yeu myiq
f' fuuska i;sfha we;s brka yslauf lD;Hh ksid
m%{df uQ,sl moku ielfik nj m%lg lrhs'33'
fuu Y,H ffjoHjrhdf.a l+r" k.=,a M,lh" we;a
f., iy Odrdjka uev,Su wd Wmud rEmlj,ska lshefjk fmd
,CIKh jkafka miaikdj ioyd i;sfha we;s iqodk lrf
lD;Hhs' ta wkqj m%{djg umdok ffp;islh f,i i;sh
laf34'
ixhqla; ksldfha jfrl zi;shZ r:dpd34hjrfhl=g
Wmud fldg we;35' tuska bkash" - n, O34u w;r i;shg
we;s fidhd ne,Sf lD;Hh yd yeisrf lD;Hh isyshg
kxjhs' tuska iqmCIdld nj yd uOHia: ne,aula hk .=K
u;= lr olajhs' i;sfha fuu iunr lsf .=Kh b;du;a
16
;% f,i fmkajk ;j;a Wmudjlg wkqj" i;sh iudk fldg
olajkafka lg ugug f;,a mqrjk ,o Ndckhla ysiska f.k
.uka lrkafkl=gh36'
;j;a kso34Ykhlg wkqj i;sfha ziaurKZ .=Kh yd
iqmCIl Ndjh k.rfha m%Odk fodrgq md,lhdg iudk lr
olajhs37' tys rc;=ud fj; Tmamq l< hq;= zmhsKavhlaZ iys;
;fhl= k.roajdrhg ,djk cjksldjla f.k yermdhs' tys
fodrgq md,lhdf.a rdcldh jkafka rc;=ud neyelSug hd
yels blaukau u lauhs' fjk;a ;efkl fufiau fodrgq
md<lhdf.a m%;srEmh k.rdrCIdj yd inkaO fldg olajd
we;' tu Wmudf k.rfha n, yuqodj 34hhs' zm%{djZ fldgq
;dmamhhs' i;sh keu;s fodrgq md,lhdf.a ld34h jkafka kshu
wjHdc k.r jeishd ykd .ekSu;a" Tyqg we;=,aug bv ,nd
u;ah38' f Wmfh foflkau t<U is i;sh we;s wjia:df fhda.djprhdf.a is; b;d blaukska ldu wruqKqj,g f.dreu
mj;sk ;;a;ajh ukdj biau;= fldg olajhs'
fuhska fojekak jkdyS" bkash ixjrh yd inkaO
i;s ud;%h bgq lrk yslauf fufyjr biau;= lrhs39' hg
lajQ i;sh i;= f,!lsl iev myrj,a fu,a, lsf lD;Hh
f fofjks Wmudfjkao isysm;a lr,hs' fodrgq md,lfhl= we;s
ksid wkjirfhka k.rhg we;=ug bvla fkd ,nkakd fia
i;sh t<U is g bkash oajdrj, my<jk m%;sl%shd yd wl=i,a
ffp;isl my<ug" wjirhla fkd ,nk whqre fmfka' i;sh
tlu wdrCIdj-taldrlafLda nj i|yka jk ;j;a mdGhla uska
o i;sfha fuu wdrCIl N+ldj m%isoaO lrhs40' tfukau is;s,s
yd f;kd Ifhys wm;slu o i;sfha .=Khls41'
zzwx.=;a;r ksldfhaZZ lafjk iQ;%hlg wkqj i;smGdk
y;r ms<sn| h:d N+; kSu f.damd,lhdf.a ;u .j/, inkaO
f.dapr N+h ms<sn| oCInj yd iu fldg olajd we;42' fuu
ksoiqk uyd f.damd,l iQ;%fhA o yuqf' i;smGdk Ndjkdf
jeo.;alu" fuu Ou-kh jDoa Ndjhg" mq, Ndjhg m;a
lr,Sug wdOdrlhla f,ig yqjd olajd we;' iq;% msglfhau
fjk;a ;ekl ks;r ovhlrejka ylal,x .ik ^ieirk&
ia:dkhla jrka fk.ejiS u yk iajNdjh lafuka ldrKh jkafka" uQ,sl ksCIK wjh yd ta wkqj l%shd;aulf
fhda.djprhd bka wdrCIdug leu;s k yeisu f.dapr
17
N+hg muKla iSud l< hq;= nj;a u;la lr fohs' tfiau
ud34. m%{dj leu;s fhda.djprhd ;udf.a f.dapr N+h f,i
i;smGdkfhau yeisu l< hq;= nj olajhs' f ksrEmKh
uska i;s ud;%fha we;s wruqKq w,a,d .ekSu inkaOj mej;sh
hq;=44 ixjrh biau;= fldg olajhs' wf.dapr N+ f,i" mr
Ih f,i hg fofha lafjkafka ldu iqLhhs' ta wkqj"
f.dapr N+h i;smGdkhhs45'
ihdldr bkashkag zwdmd;Z .;jk iq O fudayKSh
wruqKq bfha ziqm;s;Z i;sh olajk fkdief,k nj" O
j,a i;=ka ih fofkl= ne| we;s fmdf<df isgjQ l=klg
;j;a ;ekl Wmud fldg olajd we;46' fujka iqm;s;
i;shla mqyqKq fldg ke;s" lmd fkdjk .;shla ke;s
i;smGdk Ndjkdf fYaIfhka wdrNl wjia:df miqjk
fkdje,elah yels isoahls' ud;=u iQ;%fha msKavmd;fha
jk NsCIqka jykafia kula fuf,i ukdf,i msys i;shla
fyda bkash oukhla fkdue;sj msg;g jef isoahla jd34;d
f' kS; f,i iNH f,i yeo me<o fkd.;a ldka;djla uqK
.eiSfuka ldudidj my< u ksid Ndjkdf Wlg,S jQ tu
NsCIqj thskau isjqre yer .sh isoahla" wi;su;alf wdkj
laula f,ig jd34;d f47'
i;sfha ,CIK yd ri
i;smGdk iQ;%fha ,d bm;a fldg we;s wkqYdikdjka
ie,ls,af,ka mCId lsf lsisu ;ekl ukig bm;a jk
foaj,aj,g yria lemSula lsug fhda.djprhdg Wmfoia ula
lr ke;s nj fmfkaa' uey;a ulao wkqu; lr ke;s nj
fmfka' isf;a lsish u kSjrK O34uhla mek k.S k" i;sfha
l34;jH jkafka tu ndOl O34uh weia mkd msg uQKg-uQK,d
l .ekSuhs' tys ksreoaOulg flfia u mEfoahs k
.ekSuhs' Bg tyd .sh il%sh odhl;ajhla i;shg whs;s ke;'
we;a; jYfhkau th imc{fha Ih fCIa;%hhs'
nqoaO foaYKdjg wkqj k .; hq;= b;du;a jeo.;a
wjh ykd .ekSuhs48' fuys ,d ir, jQ;a" Rcq jQ;a" ldrKh
jkafka" lsish ixisoahl wod, ksis mshjr .ekSug flfkl=g
18
oCI Ndjh ,efnkafka" ZZuq,ska u th b;d imj ksrjq,aj
ksCIKh l< yels g muKsZZ' hkak jgyd .ekSuhs'
fuf,ig i;sh iuHla jHdhduh i|yd fhduq lrug
wjYH f;dr;=re imdokh lrk kuq;a" mj;sk wvq-jel
ms<sn| ;=<kh lsulaa ;=<ska ms<sh ms<sn|j fidhd n,k kuq;a
;ud jYfhka uOHia:j uE;lg isg ksCIKh lsf ;u
.=Kh /lf.k is" ;udg jvd l%shdYS,s fjk;a ffp;isl iu.
mEys wfkHdkH f,i n,mdka lghq;= lsf yelshdj i;shg
we;;a" fl,skau uey;a ula i;sh fkdlrhs49'
tf,i fkdmeg,efjk" ,sys,a ziqL.%dySZ ,CIKhla
i;sh i;=j mj;S' i;sfha ld34hh jkafka isu ms<sn|j yq
kqj;a lsuhs' ke;sj tajd re lsu fkdf' ksyvj ksCIKh
lrkafka" fm%aCIlfhl= l%Svd ;rhla n,kakd fiah' uey;a
ula tys ke;50' fujka ksYaYo ksCIKhlg wl=i, Ou_
uev,Sug ;r jk ksid t<U is isysh b;d m%n, wdksixY
f.k foa' tfia jk kuq;a tys lD;Hh jkdyS zzhqla;ZZ jQ
ksCIKhlg iSud f' i;sh w;alSu fjkia fkdlrhs' ta
fjkqjg th .eUqre lrjhs'
ke. tkakd jQ m%;sl%shd fukau fm< meye,sj l
.ekSug k" fuu uey;a fkdjkiq .=Kh i;sh i;= h hq;=
f' fudkh whqrlska fyda uey;a ulg ndOd lsula lsug"
m%;sl%shdjlg hfula fm<f k i;sfha fuu hqla; .=Kh
tmuKlskau jydu keiS hhs' i;sfha fuu hqla; jQ ,sys,a jQ"
iqn.%dyS jQ ,CIKh wkqj" flfkl=g ;ud bhg bm;ajk
ixisoafhka u|la fjka th l .; yelsu ksid ;udf.a
wd;au.; uey;au wmCImd;sj ksCIKh l< yelsu
fukau uq ixisoafhkau uqla;j isug o yelshdj ,nkafkah'
fuu hqla; mrdih jvd;a Ih uQ, lSug u mdok w;r"
f ;=<ska by; la jQ l=kla uqkg ke n,k ne,Su w34:j;a
flf34'
zzi;smGdkfhaZZ fuu zix.;Z fukau iqL.%dys yeisu
jkdyS m%;sl%shd lsu yd m%;sfCIam lsu hk wka; fol u
yrjd uOHu m%;smodj mdod fohs52' ;udf.au wvq mdvq yd
widOdrK m%;sl%shd fhda.djprhdf.a idjOdk yeisu bfha
19
fy<sorjq jkafka iajlSh wd;au m%;srEmh ms<sn| wdfKsl
<nehdjg mSvd fkdjk fiah' fuf,i t<eU is isysh mj;sk
g by< ugf kq mriamr;djhka bjid isf yelshdj
<x fjhs' iajlsh wvq mdvq yd j_,;d lSf idudkHfhka
bfgu jf.a wys fokd wvq lr,Sf m%h;akhlg fyda ta
inkaO f;dr;=re lD;s lr laulg fyda flfkla fm<f'
kuq;a" i;sh i;= jq jvd;a Ih uQ, jq ,sys,a o34Ykhlg kefuk
keu w.;s.d fkdjQQ" wu;a jQ iajhx ksCIKhlg
fodr ljq jD; lr fohs' fuu uOHia: jQ;a" wu;a jq;a
iajNdjh" i;sfha ffki34.sl .=Kh" zzv~dmfodisldZZ k jk
foaj ksldhg inkaO fldg olajk jrKhl lafjkafka
fufiah' tu vvdmfodisld k fohka ldu .=K-ldu l%Svd j,
u;a jQq l,ays Tjqkaf.a i;sh .s,syS hhs' tf,i wi;su;af
wdkjhka f,i Tjqka tu foaj ksldfhka pq;j my;a ksp
Ndjhlg m;aaf53' fuhg m%;HCI idCIshla olajk ;j;a
iq;%hlg wkqj" m%ud NsCIqjla my;a foaj ksldhl m%;sikah
,en isysh t<U is l, jydu Wiia foaj f,dalhlg m;af54'
f ixisoa folg wkqj i;sh i;= {dkh yd .=Kh hqKq lrk
iajNdjh;a" wdksixih;a olajhs'
i;sh jkdyS zukisldrhZ k ffp;islhg impd
h" wNsO34u jrKhg wkqj tys uQ,sl lD;Hh jkqfha' ishu
is;aj, fh mej;Suhs55' ;u wldh jYfhka fuu ukisldrh
k jk idudkH is; fhduqlru uq,au ;a;dl34IK fhu"
^ykd .ekSug;a fjkafldg k .eksug;a ufkdaNdj ke.Sug;a
l,ska& wruqK ie<lSf .=Kdx.h oyd olajhs' i;sh jkdyS
fuu m%:u i,ld ne,Su blaujd .sh hqKqjla" jO_khla f,i
lah yel' ta wkqj w;s CIKsl jQ ukisldrh fyj;a wjOdk
ud;%h jvd;a .eUqre meye,sula i;sh uska i,ihs56'
i;sh yd ukisldrh hk ffp;isl fofla we;s o<
jYfhka iudk phdj" i;smGdk yd fhdaksfidaukisldrh hk
fol w;r we;s iudk;djhg lSm w;lska iudk njla olajhs'
tys,d kSjrK O34uhkag m%;sm O34uhka foig wjOdkh
fhduq lru;a' m[ap WmdodkialkaOhkays yd wruqKqj,
wks;H;dj ms<sn| idjOdk nj;a" fndcX. Ou_ ;yjqre
lr<Ssu;a" p;=rd34h i;Hhka kqjKska fufkys lsu;a hk lreKq
fhdksfid ukisldrh inkaOfhka olajd we;s wjia:d iQ;% j,
20
yuqf57'
ukfia we;s bf flfrk mqre fyj;a weneysh wkqj
hka" flfrk lghq;= neyer lr,Su inkaOfhka i;sfha fuu
wjOdk ud;%h k jk prshdj jeo.;a f' i;s ud;%h ;=<ska
flfkl=g ;u bf flfrk l%shd - m%;sl%shd yd Wml,amkj,ska
is; frdf.k we;a; we;s iefhka l .ekSug yelshdj
,efnkafkah' bkash {dkhg u uq wjOdkh fhduq flfrk
ksid bfg fuka mqreoaog fuka lrk m%;spdr ms<sn| f;dr;=re
wkdhdifhkau fy<sf' isf;a uq,a neif.k we;s ydkslr mqre
yd krl .;s fjkia lr,Sf uq,au mshjr f,i fuu bf
flfrk m%;spdr l-k .ekSu w;HjYHhh'
i;sh i;= fuu zzyq wjOdkhZZ brka ixjr lsfs
fYaIfhka jeo.;a f' wkql%ufhka jefvk fuu jev
ms<sfjf,a wdll fhda.djprhd ihdldr wruqKq ms<sn|j
uq,ska u fuu i;s ud;%h fhu flfrys Wkka lrjkq ,ef'
ndOdjlska f;drj fuu i;s ud;%h t<U iss muKskau" is;g
O fodrgqj,ska x.d .kakd wruqKq Nd. lrka ne,Su
fyda j34. lsu h m%udKhlg isf58' i;smGdkh jkdyS bv m%ia:djla i;sh ,nd fok nj fuhska fmfka'
fhda.djprhdg f.dapr N+hhs' tys ,d zzi;sh jkdyS fodrgq
md,lhdZZhs hkqfjka lajk Wmudj ;=<ska i;sfha wdrCIl
N+ldj fYaIfhka bkash ixjrh m%lg lrhs'
iQq;%dka; l%uhg bkash ixjrh jkdys wNsd-
fodaukii fol re lsu i|ydhs' f foflka f;dr Ndjh
i;smGdkfha o uqLH mrud34:h hs' f wkqjZZ wNsd-
fodaukii folg hg is lrk m%;sl%shd re ls fyj;a uld
u bkash ixjrfha yd i;smGdkfha fmd ,CIKh hs59'
f ksid fuu ld34hhka foflys ,d iEfyk iu.d Ndjhla l
.; yel'
idudkH weneys j,g fmd ,CIKhla jk bf
isjk nj fyda mqreoao wkqj" fkd kSu isjk m%;sl%shd
j,g fl<ska u tj lghq;= lsu" hg lS bkash ixjrh yd
i;smGdkh hk m%;sm;a;s fofla u is f' i;su;a nj
uq,a whf34 u t<U isu ksid flfkl=g k yek.ekS th iqL.%dys fyj;a iqL kuH" ,sysp ksKhla njg m;a
inkaOj yeisrf m%ia:djla ,;a ;eku ,efnk w;r"
21
tuska ;udf.a mqre kej; i,ld n,d yev.iajd .ekSug
yelshdjla ,ef' fuys ,d w.h lghq;= .=Kh jkafka i;sfha
we;s iqL.%dys nj;a tuska ;ud weia mkdmsg w;aolsk foag
imQ34K wjOdkh wNsuqL lrug;a tuska i;sfha we;s jydu
;Skajlg fkd t<f .=Kh wkqj jyd m%;sl%shd fkd lsu
jeo.;a f'
f wkqj i;sfha we;s iqL.%dys nj fyj;a ,sys,aj
ta;a;= .kakd nj wdrNl whf34 u fhfok ksid mqreoao
wkqj isfjk foaj,a ms<sn|j kqj;au;a" tuska ;ud fldhs
;r rg wf;kslj" hdka;%slj fuka l%shd lrkafka hs
;lafiarejla lsug bvla wef34' fuh;a wruqK ms<sno f;dard
frd ms<s.ekSf" j34Khlg hg lsf i;sh i;= .=Kh ms<sUq
lrkakls' f wkqj fu;=jla l,a yq weoyS u; Yajdih u;
fldf;la rg ;ud fkd k kuq;a t,anf.k isfha hs ka
ka w;aolsk m%;HCIh wkqj fy,sor f' wiNdjk l%shd
fyj;a weneyshlg wkqj fyda bfg isfjk - islrk l%shd
yd h isf;a uekS yd .eUqre m%Yak lrk ;;a;ajhka biau;=
lrf.k" tajd kej; i,ld ne,Sf" kej; yev.iajd .ekSf
i;sh i;= fuu wmCImd;S jq o" uOHia; jQ o" .=Kh
iuyr g f;aulg fkd t<u fyj;a ;SrKhlg blauka
fkdu (Choicelessness) hehs olajd we;' ;SrKhlg blauka
fkjQ kuq;a mQ34K wjOdkfhka lsisu m%;sl%shdjlg fkd t< miq
u fuhska woyia flf34' fujka wmCImd;S fukau WfmaCId
iys; ksCIKhla iQ;% msglfha fjk;a ;ekl lafjkafka"
levm;l Wmudfjks60' nqmshdKka jykafia iajlSh
udkisl;ajh ms<sn| t<U is wjOdkh ;udf.au uqK ne,Sug
fhdod .kakd lKakdhlg Wmud lsfuka levm; ;ud fj;g
m;a fohla lsisu f;aulg ,la fkd fldg ms<sUq lrkakd
fia fhda.djprhd wdidjlska fyda wukdmhlska fyda fkd ue
t<fUk udkisl;ajh WfmaCIdfjka hqla;j n,hs hkak foaYKd
lrk fial'
fuf;la bm;a lrk ,o f;dr;=re ms`vq lr.;a
l,ays" i;sh ;yjqre f zzmrldZZ njla olajk kuq"
22
f' Wfmal nj yd yq wjOdk ud;%hla jYfhka" tys ,K
fmfka' kqj;af uq,a lD;Hfha uq,a whrfha u jdf.a
fhfok fuu i;sh k ffp;islh l,n, fkd m%fYfuka
jeh hq;= w;r" tuska wjOdkfha jO_kh iqLkuH f,i
we;slrjhs' tys,d jeo.;a ,Khla f,i wmmd;S jQ jgyd
.ekS ud;%h" ks;r mrld u' mq,a fukau jD; Ndjh i<ld ne,Sf iQ;%j, ks;r ks;r i;s hkak WmGd;s hk l%shd
lah yel' fuuska is lrk m%Odk lD;Hhla jkafka
iajhxl%Shj flfrk mqre-m%;sl%shd l%ufhka neyer,Su;ah i;sh
fuf,i ta;a;= .ekSf ;lafiare lsf jev ms<sfj, m%.;sYS,Sj
m%;sjHqy.; lsula yryd we;a; we;s iefhka lsf ksrdl+,
njla" fyj;a wCIsma; o34YKhla olajka ksudj igyka
lrhs' fuu fkd.efgk iq kuq;a mrld" iqL kuH kuq;a
fkd mels< .ekSu iys; i;sh tu wkqN+;skaf.a wka;34.;h fkd
blaujkao" jyd m%;sl%shd lsfukaa je<lSfukao" hqla; uOHu
m%;smodjg m%fYhla fukau mokulao i,ihs'
i;sh i;= iuyrla ,CIK ms<sn| jQ fuu uiqug
wk;=rej l%shdld i;sh hkak i;r i;smGdkhg wkqj
.%yhlg nisuq' Bg iqiq miqula iQodk lsula jYfhka
m%:ufhka i;smGdkh hk moh .%y lruq'
4' i;smGdk'
i;smGdk hk moh i;s+WmGdk hk f,ig fnod
oelah yel' fuys iajrf,damh isfuka ZZWZZ hkak f,dma f'
WmGdk hk md<s jpkh ZZt<U isuZZ hk w34:h okjk w;r
Wla; im%fhda.fha i;sh iu hulg t<u fyda i;sfhka
hqla;j fmkS isu woyia flf34' iQ;% O34u w;r zzWmGdkZZ
hk f l%shd moh t<u fyda Wmia:dkh hk mohkaf.a O jQ;a
ishq jQ;a w34: fNao iys;j fkdfhla ;ekaj, lsh yel'61-62'
fuf,ig f;are fre lr.;a g i;smGdkh hehs lshkafka
oHdudk wjia:djg ,xj isf w34:fhka i;sh t<U isu yd
ZZwf;a kaZZ kuq;a iQodkka isk w34:fhka Wmia:dkh f'
fjk;a wdldrhlg olajf;d;a i;smGdkh hkq t<U is isysh
fyda i;sh;a iu Wmia:dkh hk w34:hhs' flfia kuq;a wG
l;d j, i;smGdkh hkak mGdkh hk mohg wkqj w34:
olajk w;r mGdkh hkq moku" fya;=j hk w34: okjhs63'
wG l;dj, lafjk fuu .%yhg wkqj i,ld n,kafka k
im%hqla; moh i;smGdkh fkdj zzi;smamGdkhZZ h hq;=
23
neka fuh h yels hehs is;Sug wmyiq njla fmfka' ;j
rg;a mGdk hk l%shd moh lsis fgl;a i;s hkak iu fh
we;s ;eka iq;% msGlfha yuq fkdf' wvq ;rka mGdk hkak
mjd uq,a iQ;%j, lsis;ekl fhoS ke;s w;r miq ld,SK wNsOu
yd wG l;dj, muKla yuq jk mohls' ixikaokd;aulj
moh iu fhfok ksid WmGdk hkak ksrela;s Ydia;%hg wkqj
ksje/ zzjHq;amkakhZZ f64' fuhg wkq.d ixialD; moh
jk ZZiauD;Hqmia:dkZZ hkak fuh jvd;a m%lg lrhs' f fhu
md<sfha Wmia:dk hkakg iudk jk w;r im%hqla; mohg
ksje/ .%yhla o imhhs'
Wla; wG l;d jrKh uska mek ksk .egj
jkafka" i;smGdkh hkak wjOdkfha fYaI wdldrhla hk
f;areug jvd i;sfha moku fyj;a i;sh msysgqu i|yd jk
fya;=j hk w34:h uhs' tuska" wjOdkh l%shdld;ajfha isg
wruqK foig udre lsula lrhs' kuq;a i;smGdkh jkdys
i;sh i|yd yq fya;=j fyda moku muKla fkdf65' ulaksido
h;a i<dh;k Nx. iQ;%fha nqmshdKka jykafia i;r
i;smGdkhg wu;rj ;j;a i;smGdk ;=kla foaYkd fldg
we;s fial' f ;=k;a i;smGdk jYfhka u k fldg we;af;a"
i;smGdkh hkq wruqKq f;aula ms<sn| m%Yakhla jkjdg jvd
;yjqre lr.; hq;= wod, udkisl .=K ,S,djla jk nekah'
5' i;r i;smGdkh'
i;smGdk lD;Hfha i;sh fCIa;% y;rla ms<sn|j
ie<ls,su;a f' tajd k lh" fokd" is; yd Ou hk fCIa;%
y;rhs' f y;r ;=<ska Ou hkak kSjrK hgm;a lsu"
fndax. jeu" mxp ialkaOhka jgyd .ekSu" i<dh;k iy
wd34h i;Hhka y;r hk nqoaO foaYkdf fYaI jkdlula
we;s W.eka woyia flf34'
imj mCId lsf fuu i;r i;smGdkhka
;=< .e we;s l%l;ajh mshjfrka mshjr bhg hEula
ksrEmKh lrhs'^igyk wxl 02 n,kak& ldhdkqmiaikdj
Ydl bh yd Yr.; l=Km fldgia Nd. fldg ne,Su
jeks m%:l wNHdij,ska mgka f.k boshg .uka lrhs'
fokdkqmiaikdj wjh i|yd fu,i l%ufhka hqKqjk
ixf ;djhlg moku i,ihs' i;sh fuf,i jyd jgyd .;
24
yels ldhsl w;alS" <dl foaj, isg jvd ixf w;alS bm;a jk kSjrK O34u f'
jk fokd fyj;a O kaok lrd wNsuqL lrhs' jvd ishq jQ
idjOdk wruqKq fj;g fhduqj ,nd foa' fuf,i Ndjkdjg n,mdk kSjrK O34u Nd.
zzfokdkqmiaikdjZZ ;ud l%shd;aul jk iajNdjh jk lsulg wk;=rej zzOudkqmiaikdjZZ wNHka;r.; w;alS
iqL" laL" iy wlaLuiqL hk ;=ka wdldrhg u iSud fkd Yaf,aIKh lsu fohlg is lrhs' tk m[apialkaO
f,!lsl yd f,!lsl fkdjk isoa olajd u me;sf34' f,!lsl jYfhka yd I bkash O34u jYfhks' f Yaf,aIkh
fkdjk fuu fokd ms<sn| Ndjkdj wdpdr O34u ms<sn| fndx. Ndjkdjg myiqlr w;aje,la imhhs' ta i;smGdk
Nd.hg wdrNh ,nd foa' f wkqj i;sh l=i, wl=i, hk Ndjkdf < mshjrhs' wjidk jYfhka wjfndaOh uqkam;a
ffp;islhka fjkafldg k .ekSu olajd j34Okh f' fuf,i lrka p;=rd34h i;Hh ms<sn| Ndjkdj ksudj igyka lrhs'
fodrgq jr lrkafka ;a;dkqmiaikdjgh'
f wkqj i;smGdk Ndjkdj zz,dlZZ ;ekska
i;smGdk Ndjkd ldYh $ b .uk mgkaf.k l%ufhka zziQCIuZZ ;eklg wkql%lj hqKq lrhs'
igyk wxl 02 f f34h wkql%l hqKqj m%dfhda.sl mokula fkdue;sj
ldh lrk yq ufkdauh ks34foaYhla fkdf' WodyrKhla f,i
wdkdmdk mn zzldhdkqmiaikdjZZ m%drN wNHdihla f,i i,ld uQ,slj
bhdm: mn i;sh jef wruqKla f,i bm;a lrk w;r wjidk
imc[a[ mn jYfhka lafjk p;=rd34Hh i;Hh ms<sn| wNHdihg
fo;sia fldGdY ksfrdaOh o wvx.= jk neka i;smGdkfha uqkam;au thska
idCId;a f'
Od;= ukisldr mn
kjiSjl mn fokd tfia kuq flfia fyda fuu l%uh u i;smGdk m%.;sh
kaok .=K i|yd we;s tlu l%uh hehs woyia fkd flf34' i;smGdk
wdpdr O34u ;a; Ndjkdf ,d ix.%y we;s wkqms<sfj,;a we;a;gu Ndjkd
ldudjpr is; lrk fhda.djprfhl=f.a W;aidyh wkqj isjk l%l
uy;a.; is; Ou j34Okh;a i,ld ne,Sf mqoa.,slj fhda.djprfhl= w;aolsk
kSjrK m%foaYh n,j;a f,ig iSud jQ tlla nj fmfka' ta fhda.djprhd
ialkaO w;alSj,g f.dre jk iS; ixisoa yd w;alS muKla
wdh;k Tyqf.a i;sh jO_kfhys ,d wruqKq jYfhka l%shd lrhs' kuq;a
i;smGdkfha m%Odk ,CIKh jkqfha bm;a jk ixisoah
fndcaCOx.
l=ula fyda fjd" thg we;s iefhkau idjOdk uhs' tjka
wd34h i;Hh
wjOdkhla iajNdjfhka u ,dl ;eklska mgkaf.k ishq
zz;a;dkqmiaikdjZZ jkdyS isf;a f,daN" fodaI" fuday" ;ek lrd bhg .uka l<;a" Ndjkdf fh .; lrk g
Woaop hk ffp;isl we;s-ke;s nj k .ekSu hk ;ekska tu iQ;%fha lafjk wkqms<sj,ska fjkiaj .uka lsug iEfyk
mgkaf.k l%ufhka hqKq f.dia uy.a.; is;a y;frys we;s bvla we;af;ah'
- ke;s nj olajd wkqmiaikdjla f,i jef' fuu uy.a.;
is;a ms<sn| Ndjkdj iajNdjfhkau .eUqre iudhla ,nd wkq.ukh lrk ms<sfj, l=ula jQj;a" iQLkuH jQ;a"
.ekSu j,lajk ndOl O34u ms<sn| ia;r Nd.hlg bfu wx. imQ34K jQ;a i;smGdk hqKqjla i|yd ishu j34.-
bv i,ihs' fjd jkdyS zzOudkqmiaikdfjysZZ ,d m%:ufhka u j, w;alSj,ska iukakd.; h hq;= f' flfkl= Ndjkd
25 26
lrk g Ndjkd hqKqj;a iu ta ta i;smGdkhka wod<
f,i ld34h idOkh lrhs' WodyrKhla f,i ldhdkqmiaikd
fldgi Ndjkdf u;= wjhl w;yer ug fyda neyer
lsug isf hehs fkd lshef' ulaksido h;a th ry;a
W;=uka jykafia,dg;a tlfia jeo.;a jk neks' ij_{ jQ
nq mshdKka jykafia mjd wdkdmdki;s Ndjkdj jka jr jevQ
njg we;s idOl f nj ;yjqre lrhs66' fuf,i i;smGdk
iQ;%fha ,d wvx.= jk Ndjkd zzl34uia:dkZZ tlsfklg wfkHdkH
jYfhka Wmld nj fmfka' tla tla fhda.djprhdf.a p;hg
W; f,ig l34uia:dk wkqms<sfj, fjkiaj fhfoa'
fuf,i i;smGdk i;r tlsfkld wfkHdkH jYfhka
Wmldr jkjdla fuka u ta ish,a, tlu i;smGdk zzmj_hlaZZ;=<
iuia;hla f,i tlg tl;= fldg laug o yelshdj we;'
wdkdmdk iQ;%fha tlu wdkdmdki;s Ndjkd fldgfia ish
i;smGdkhka jefvk fia bhg hEula iQ;%.; jd34;dj,
we;67' fuu jrKh tlu Ndjkdjla ;=< i;r i;smGdkh
u ix.%y jk nj yqjd olajhs'
wdkdmdk i;s iQ;%hg wkqj tlu Ndjkd wruqKlska
O i;smGdk jeh yels jk w;r jev ms<sfj, ksudj olsk
g ish i;smGdkhka imQ34K njg m;ajkq we;' f ksid
tla tla i;smGdkhla fyda tla tla lugykla fldf;la rg
Ndjkd l< hq;= hs m%Yakhla mek kS'
tl i;smGdkhla u jefuka i;HdjfndaOh isf
isoa iQ;% lSmhl u jd34;d we;68' we;a; jYfhka kE u
Ndjkd l%uhlg wkqj i;sh hqKq f wjOdkfha lemS
fmfkk j34Okhla wkdhdifhka u ie,fik w;r tuska
idudkH jg msgd ;;aa;ajh ms<sn| wj nf .=Kd;aul jO_khla
ie,fia' we;a; jYfhka u tu idudkH wjfndaOh ;udf.a uQ,
l34uia:dkhg u isud ,nkakla fkd f' fuf,i i;smGdkh
hgf;a fYaIfhka k jYfhka i|yka fldg fkdue;s fldgia o
;ud jvk uQ, l34uia:dkh jef w;=re M,hla f,i i;sfha
wjOdkhg ,lau is f'
wdkdmdk iQ;%hg wkqj ;jrg;a .uka lsf yqiau
ms<sn| wjOdk ud;%h muKska flfkl=g ish u i;smGdkhka
27
ms<sn|j mphla ,ndug fmdfydi;a jk njla wksjd34fhka
fkd lshef' nq mshdKka jykafia tys,d u;=lr,Sug W;aidy
lrkafka ukd f,i ;yjqre lr .;a i;sh wdkdmdkfha isg jvd
mD:q, mrdihlg" O m%;HCI wjfndaOhka yryd u fy<s
lrkafkah" hk woyihs' la jQ m O mD:q, mrdihlg
wh;a jk wx.hka wdjrKh l< yels jkafka ta i|yd u is;
fhdod lrk Ndjkdfjka nj fuys,d fYaIfhka ioyka fldg
ke;' tu ksid u ish wNsu; w34:hka bIag lr.ekSu i,ld
imQ34K iQ;%h u foaYkd l< nj jgyd .; hq;= h'
f ksid tla zzmj_hlaZZ fyj;a mqrella uQ, lu_ia:dkh
jYfhka f;dard .kafka kuq;a" i;r i;smGdkhka u Ndjkd
lsu" i;rg u is; fhdod Ndjkd lsu kqjKg yqre h' oa;Sh
l34uia:dkh jYfhka i,ld fyda tfia Ndjkd lsu fyd| h'
f woyi i;smGdk iQ;%fha wjidk ks.ukd;aul fldgfia
lshfjk ksjk ms<sn| wkd.; jdlHh lafjk fldgi yd
iudk njla olajhs' tu.ska w34y;a M,h i|yd fyda wkd.d
M,h i|yd i;r i;smGdkhka u jeh hq;= nj wjOdrKh
lrhs70' fuf,i i;smGdk y;rla u we;=<;a fldg foaYkd
lsfuka zz.uHzz jkafka W;= i;HdjfndaOh idlaId;a lr
.ekSug k i;rdx. iukakd.; iuia; Ndjkdj u tl
fia jeh hq;= njhs' f ldrKh i;smGdk zzixhqla;fhaoZZ
lafjk w;r" iuyrla fldgia jYfhka muKla f.k lrk
Ndjkdj my< M, {k wjfndaOhkag fya;= jk nj je rg;a
olajd we;71'
wdkdmdk ixhq;;fha lafjk mdGhlg wkqj i;r
i;smGdkhka i;r .ska mefKk r:j,g Wmud fldg we;'
iEu me;a;lskau mefKk r:" ykah yryd .uka lsu ksid
y;r ux ykah ueo /iaj ;sfnk h ,s f.dvla h yels
k th is hkafkah72' ta wkqj iEu i;smGdkhlau h fia
O .ska mefKk r: uska yxh ueo frdlaj we;s ,s
iqrejd ykafka o" tf,ig u kSjrK Ou_ hgm;a lsug yeu
w;ska u iu;a jkafka h' fuu Wmudj uska i;r i;smGdk
tl tll wfkHdkH iyfhda.h olajhs' tg i;r ux ikahl
ueo tl;=ug bv we;s ,s O idj,ska mefKk r:
uska h fia b;sjla ke;sj msi ykafka o tfia u jkafkah'
f wkqj tla tla i;smGdkhla" tla tla mj_hla
28
.eUqre miaikdjg nei .ekSug m%fYhla ,nd fokafka h'
i;r i;smGdkh u imQ34K lsug flfkla .kakd W;aidyh
lrK fldg f.k" flfia kuq;a" iQ;%fha lafjk O Ndjkd
fldgia j, ta ta iqfYaI .=Kj,g iudkqmd;slj Ndjkd m%.;sh
f.j;a jkjdla fukau wx. imQ34K u;a" iunr;djhg m;a
u;a wkql%ufhka is f'
i;smGdk tl tll we;s O .=Kdx.hkag wkqj
O l34;jHhka i,id fok ksid mQ34K;ajh i|yd ish,af,a
iduQysl j34Okh ke;sj ne fohla f' fk;a;smamlrKfha yd
tys wgqjdf f ldrKh jd34;d lrkafka" tla tla i;smGdkhg
wod, inkaO;d j.=jla f,isks' igyk wxl 03 n,kak'
wG l:d laug wkqj i;smGdk tl tlla ialkaO
tl tllg wkqrEm f' rEm ialkaOh" fokd ialkaOh yd
i[a[d ialkaOh wkqms<sfj,ska uq,a i;smGdk ;=kg wkqrEm
f' i[a[d ialkaOh yd ixialdr ialkaOh Oudkqmiaikdjg
wkqrEm f72'
igyk wxl 03 i;smGdk i;f34 mriamr inkaO;d
ldhdkqmiaikdj fokdkqmiaikdj ;a;dkqmiaikdj Oudkqmiaikdj
ialkaO ldh fokd ;a; i[a[d$ixialdr
ks34foaYh j_, m%n, f,daN 34j, ;lal m%n, ;lal
f,daN p;hdg p;hdg p;hdg p;hdg
msysgqu l wks;Hh wkd;au nj
mlal+, nj
jvd imj ne,Sf " flfia kuq;a" fuu mriamr
inkaO;d t;r n,j;a ke;s nj fmfka' ulaksido h;a"
;=kajk i;smGdkh jk ;a;dkqmiaikdj ishu kdu
O34uhka inkaO lrf.k mj;skakla jk w;r yq [a[dK
ialkaOhg iSud fkd f' tfia u Oudkqmiaikdj;a iajNdjfhka
ish ialkaOhka u wdjrKh lrkakla ksid olajd we;s f,ig
i[a[d$ixialdr hk ialkaO folg jvd je mrdihla mqrd
me;sr mj;skakls' flfia kuq;a fuys olajkakg W;aidy
29
lrkafka iajlSh m%;HCI Ndjkd w;alS inkaO ish u
wx. i;r i;smGdkhka ;=<ska u;= lr .ekSu h yel'
tf,iska i<ld n,k l," fuu m%h;akh jkdyS ;u Ndjkd
m%;HlaIh m[apialkaOh yd i;r i;smGdk jYfhka .,md
ne,Sula f' fuu m%h;akhka foflkau fhda.djprhdf.a wd;ah
udhdj hdre lr,Su is f' fhda.djprhd m%;HCIhkag
Odldrfhka i;sh fhduq lr,Su uska ;u w;alSu u h,s;a
wruqKq lsfuka tajdfha ie we;s >K i[a[djka yd uu h
hk wd;ah idrhka isr hdug mgka .kS' ;udf.a u wd;au
.; w;alS wruqKla f,i olsk g jvd;a uu h - udf.a h
hk uudhkh j_, f' tla tla ialkaOhla ;jrg;a ufula
jYfhka l.; fkd yels jk ;rug fyj;a ufula we; hk
i[a[djg ie ish fkd yels ;rug f,i mCIdjg
,la lrk fuka nqmshdKka jykafia lrk wkqYdikdj fuh
iu lug .e<fma74' ialkaO O34uhka w;r mriamr
inkaO;djhkag;a jvd wG l:d uska i;smGdk tl tlla
ta ta p; i|yd ks34foaY lsula lrhs' ta wkqj" ldh-fokd
hk i;smGdkhka f,daNdl p;hdg m%Odk m%;smodj h hq;=
w;r' ;a;-Ou hk i;smGdkhka nqoa p;" ;lal p;
we;a;kag fhda.H f,i wjOdrKh fldg we;75' f wkqj m<uq
yd fojk i;smGdk fol yeSnr p;j,g iqiq jk w;r
b;s fol m%{d p;hlg fyj;a nqoa p;hlg ks34foaY
flf34' f wjia:d fofla u ;SCIK m%{djka;hdg ;a;-Ou
hk jvd ishq wkqmiaikdjka o" okaOm[[ mqoa.,hd i|yd
jvd ,dl jQ ldh-fokd hk wkqmiaikdo ks34foaY lsu jvd
m%{d f.dapr nj .efa' fjd p; jYfhka fuys lafj;;a
wjia:df mj;sk udkisl jd;djrKh wkqj;a tf,i iqiq fia
fhdod .; yelaflah' ta wkqj l=iS; jQ o" wdidjkaf.ka uevqkd jQ
o wjia:dj,g ldhdkqmiaikdj iqiq nj ksoiqkla f,i lah
yelafla h'
fkma;smamlrKh yd iqoa u.a. hk .%ka: foflys u'
i;r i;smGdkhka i;rdldr jQ m,a,di j,g m%;HCI O34u
f,i msysgqjd we;af;a h' tu m,a,di jkdyS" wiqN" laL"
wks;H" wkd;au jQ foaj,a iqN" iqn" ks;H" wd;au jYfhka jrojd
.ekSu f76' fjdg wkqj ldhdkqmiaikdj wiqNh u;=lr
lau ;u mrud34:h fldg we;' fokdkqmiaikdj flfkl=
w;Dma;slrj iem yqne| hEug tj l%shd lrhs' O jQ
30
;a; iajNdjhka ;u wd;au.; w;alS jy jyd fjkia jk
iq wks;Hh nj;a" wjidk jYfhka Oudkqmiaikdj iaridr
jQ wd;auhla lsis ;ekl;a fkd ,eh yels nj;a olajhs' f
bm;a lsug wkqj tl tl i;smGdkhla fYaIfhka iqN"
iqn" ks;H" wd;au hk m,a,dihka fyj;a uq,djka re lsug
iu;a nj m%ldY lrhs' wod< miaikdjka wkq,a,x>kSh f,i
tl tlla i;smGdkhg iSud ke;;a" tla m,a,dihla wlj
l%shd lrk fhda.S p;hla i|yd l=uk i;smGdkhla .e,mS
hkafkao hkak i<ld ne,Sf fuuska bshla iemfha'
wjidkfha ishu k.roajdrhka tlu k.rhlg
m%fYh ,nd fokakd fia i;r i;smGdkhka u tlu ksjka
mqrhg m;a lr,Sug" tlu fCIau N+hg fhduq lr,Sug fldgia
lrefjda fj;a77' wG l:dj olajk ksoiqklg wkqj WK ng
hkakd tl u WK nnqj y;rg m,d l=vhla hkakd fia fuu
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lrk fnuls78'
i;sh i;smGdkfha ;SrKd;aul jkakdla fiau iu:
Ndjkdf o fYaI N+ldjla olajhs' ta inkaOfhka fu;eka
mgka wjOdkh fhduq lrjuq'
06' i;sh yd iudh
ukd f,i ;yjqre lr.;a i;sfha wLKav
meje;au OHdk m%;s,dNh i|yd ke;sj ne fohls79' iqoa
u.a.fha lafjk m i;sfha Wmldrh fkd ,nk iudh
.eUqre ugulg wj;S34K fkdf'80' .eUqre iudfhka keS
is kej; wdj34ckh" mpfplaLKh lsf fuu i;sh
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wjia:df fukau ke.S isf fuu i;sh w;HdjYHh'
;=kajk OHdkfha i;sh fYaIfhka wjYH f 83'
i;rjk OHdkhg muqKqjd.;a is; fydka jYS Ndjhg m;a lr
.;af;a k th wNs[a[d i|yd mdol lr .; yelaflah' tys o
i;sh .eUqre WfmaCIdj weiqre lrk ksid fYaI f,i iqoahlg
m;a f84' iQ;% msGlfha lsysm ;ekl u OHdk bmehsug;a"
bka wk;=rej;a wNs[a[d ,dNh msKsi;a i;smGdkh moku
i,ik nj olajd we;85' iud Ndjkdf i;smGdkfha
31
N+ldj wkqms<sfj,ska bhg hEu olajk iu; l%uhg wkqj
uQ,sl mshjr jYfhka lh ms<sn| zzimc[a[ZZ fldgi OHdk
m%;s,dNhg fya;= jk nj olajhs' tys,d wjidkhg olajk i;r
jk zzimc[a[hZZ jkdys Oudkqmiaikdj jYfhka kSjrK
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f'
i;smGdkh zzOHdkZZ ugug hqKqu" iia;rj
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fokd-;a;-Ou hk wkqmiaikdjka .g bhg ldYkh
f' ixl%uK wjfha i;smGdk iQ;%fha i;sh imj
weiqre lrk ffp;islhka jYfhka i|yka jk wd;dms-
imcdfkd hk fjd fkdmej;Su lemS fmfkk ,CIKhls' fuu
ke;s nj ksid fuu wjfha Ndjkdj ;jrg;a i;smGdkh
fkdjk nj;a"
ixl%uK wjh nj;a olajhs' fuu is;s,sj,ska f;dr ixl%uK
wjh i;smGdk iQ;%fha lafjk ,sys,a jQ;a" uOHia: jQ;a
ksCIK .=Khg iudk njla olajk w;r u i;smGdkh
.kakd wruqK u .kS' ta jdf.a u fuh miaikdfjka iudhg
yerf wjh meye<sj i<l=Kq lrhs' fuu ixl%uKh;a
iu u ZZkshuZZ i;smGdkfha isg jvd;a Ydka; jQ Ndjkdjlg
yef zzOHdkZZ m%;s,dNhg bv ie,fia'
fuu wjia:djka i,ld ne,Sf i;sh iu: Ndjkdf
o jeo.;a ld34h Nd34hla bgq lrk nj meye,s f' zzpQ,
fo,a,ZZ iQ;%fha i;smGdkh iudfha ks;a; f,i olajd
we;af;a f ldrKh ksid h yelaflah87' Wiia iud Ndjkduh
jYS Ndjhlska u ,nd .;hq;= oCI;djhla jk wfkl=;a Njhkays
isk i;ajhka l .ekSf wNs[a[d Yla;sh w;ska w.% ta
i|yd ta;o.a. md<sfhka ms ,;a wkqreoaO uy ry;ka jykafia
iudh jef i;smGdkfha we;s j,x.= Ndjh wdo34Yu;a
f,i u;= lr fmkajhs'88' ;u yelshdj ms<sn| m%Yak kk
yeu jdrhlu Wka jykafiaf.a wkdhdi W;a;rh jkafka tajd
i;smGdk iudfha wdksixY jk nj h89'
tajdf.au i;smGdkh Y=oaO iu: wNHdihla f,i
ie,lSu iSudj blaujd hEula jk w;r" tjka ie,lSulska iu:h
32
jeu i|yd mok lr.; yels foaj,a yd zzkshuZZ iu: Ndjkd
fCIa;%hg wh;a iSudjka fudkjdo hk jeo.;a lreKq fol
w;r fjki mjd .s,syS hdu is h yel' i;sfha yd iudfha
fm!oa.,sl ,CIK jkdyS tlsfklg fjkia h' iudh kq
mrdih iSud lsu ;=<ska isf;a f;af fyj;a jrKh lsf
lD;Hh hqKq lsu yd inkaO jk w;r" i;sh wjOdkfha
mrdih mq,a lsu uska iaurKh lsf yelshdj hqKq lrhs' n,k l," fYaIfhka w;HjYHh f zzikao34NhZZ yuqf'
fuu mriamr jq udkisl lD;Hhka fol fud,fha is fofla
md,k hdka;%kh yd wkql+, njla olajhs' f fol tlsfklg
fjkia jQ lD;Hhka folla jqjo tajd tlsfkl t jQ frda
foaj,a fkd f' OHdk ,dNh i|yd f fol u tlsfklg fhh
hq;= nj u thg idCIshls' tkuq;a OHdk iudm;a;sfha i;sh
t<U we;s uq;a mj;akd iudfha n,j;alu ksid tald.%;dj ksid
tys mq,a nj h muKlg iSud we;'
i;smGdk iQ;%fha ,d fhdod.kakd jpk ud,dj uska f
ffp;isl fofla fjki olajhs' fuys,d i;smGdk Ndjkdf
CIsma; jQ fyda l=is; jQ is;a my< jQfha k ;djld,slj
Ndjkdj iu: wruqKlg udre lrk f,ig nqmshdKka jykafia
wkqYdikd lrk fial' tu.ska we;=<; m%fudaoh yd miaioah
my< lr,Su tu wkqYdikdf mrud34:hhs' f ioyd nq
mshdKka jykafia Wmfhda.S lr .kafka mKsOdh Ndjkd - is;
fhduq fldg fyj;a is; msysgqjd lrk Ndjkdj hk fhuhs'
flfia fyda is; wfmaCIs; m tuska Ydka; Ndjhg m;a k
wmKsOdh fyj;a is; fhduq fkd l< fyj;a is; fkd msysgqjd
lrk Ndjkdjg fjk;a jpkhlska lshkjdk i;smGdk
Ndjkdjg kej; is; fhduq l< hq;=hs90' fufia is; msysgqjd
yd fkd msysgqjd lrk Ndjkd w;r fmkajd fok fjki uska
fhdackd jkafka tajd tlsfklg meye,s jYfhka fjkia jk
nj h' tfia jQjo uq iq;%h u wjOdrKh lrkafka f l%u
fol oCI f,i inkaO lr .ekSu ksid tajd w;r fudk ;r
mriamr njla ;snqfka kuq;a ta foa tlsfklg inkaO jk
w;r u m%;s Wmldrl nj fmfka'
iudfha ,CIKh jkafka is; fhou yd fhduqlru
hk fol jk w;r" ta i|yd tl wruqKla fj;g wNsuqL lrjka
ndysr oE neyer lr,Suhs' fuf,i ukfia tald.%;dj j34Okh
u wkqj fmd-idudkH w;alS jk jia;=j wdruKh hk
33
foflka wdrN fldg l%ufhka tald;al w;alSula foig
wNsuqL lrjhs' f l%shdj,sfha flfia kuq;a iudh yd ixisoa
w;r mq,a kqu yd tajd w;r wka;34 inkaO;d neyer
lr,hs' tfia kuq" tu wka;34 inkaO;d fuka u isoa w;r
jk mq,a inkaO;d ms<sn| wjfndaOh" uqla;shg fhduqj fok
wjfndaOfha .;s ,l=Kq ms<snoj kqj;au inkaOfhka i,ld
i;sh i;= iqn.%dys nj fYaI jkdlula Wiq,hs'
fuf,i i;sh OHdk m%;s,dNh msKsi ke;sj ne
wdldrfha N+ldjla lajqj o" th Bg u wdfKsl jQ ,CIK
w;ska iudfhka lemS fmfkk f,i fjkia jq ffp;islhls'
we;af;ka u b;d Wiia OHdk iudhla jqj o uqla;sodhs
miaikdjg iul< fkdyels jkafka" i;sfha fuu wfrda
ksCIK .=Kh .eUqre iudfha we;s hf:dla; flaka.;
lsf" n,fhka ksfYaOkh flfrk ksid h yelafla h'
iudh yd i;smGdkh ioyd i;sfha N+ldj i,ld
ne,Sf mQ,A mrdihl ;u yelshdjka laf .=Kh fyj;a
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i;sfha ld34hNdrh jkdyS kSjrK Ou_ biau;= jk g" ta nj
ykd.kakd ;eka mgka Wiia u OHdkh f;la me;sr mj;S'
fujeks u mq,a mrdihla ;=< l%shd;aul ula i;smGdk
fCIa;%fha i;sh olajhs' tys,d b;du;a ,dl ;ek mgka
tk" leisls<s - jeisls<s lD;Hfha mgka b;du;a W;= wjia:dj
jk ksj_dkdjfndaOh isjk wjia:df tu isf;a mj;sk
ffp;islhla jk ;ek olajd i;sh ish fufyh wLKavj bgq
lrhs'
we;a; jYfhka u i;sh i;= fuu uey;a fkdf
.=Kh wkql%ufhka j34Okh lsu k jk i;smGdkh
ks34jdKdjfndaOh ioyd m%{dj wx.imQ34K lsug" W;a;u
jQ i;=g g zzIhl%dka;ZZ jq uqla;shg we;s Rcq jq taldhk
ud34.hhs92'
34
fuu mfofhys ,d i;sfha ,K .fIKh lsug
leue;af;' m%:ufhka ;%smsglfha O zzWoaOD;ZZ wkqj i;sh
fkdue;slf" wi;sfha wdkj fmkajd fokafk' wk;=rej
i;sh wdrdj imdokh lr fok wldrh o" wjidk jYfhka
i;sh yd u;lh w;r inkaO;djh o f.kyer olajk w;r"
th g l,ska lrk ,o zzi;smGdkhZZ kue;s uf.a uq,a fmdf;a
o iEfyk rg ilPd lrkakg fhKq lreKls'
wi;sh fyj;a i;sh ke;s nj ^uqGiai;s&
uq,a nqoAOd.f i;sfha fyj;a isysfha wdksYxi w.h
lsu i|yd l%uhla jYfhka" wi;su;a nj fyj;a" uq<d isysfha
wdkj f.kyer mEu is flf34' wi;su;au ksid isfjk
ydksh ms<sn| ia;r i,ld ne,Sfuka miq" jl% f,i i;sfha
lD;Hh jgyd .; yelsh' ks;r yuqjk tjka ;%smsgl mdGhkag
wkqj wi;su;a nj fyj;a" uq<d isysh ksid ldu wdYdjkag hg
u f.k yer olajhs'
f wkqj i;su;a nf tla lD;Hhla jk wdrCIl
lD;Hh ksid iodpdrd;aul yd wdpdr O34udkql+, wdksYxihla
fhda.shdg ,ef' ixhqla; ksldfha fuka u tys uydhdk fmd;
jk ixhqla; wd.fuys lafjk tla iQ;%hlg wkqj wi;su;aj
uq<d isysfhka hqla;j msKavdmd;fha je NsCIqjlg isjQ tla
weneoahla olajd we;' ixhqla; ksldfha ta WoaOD;h fufiah'
fudav fukau fkdkqj;a lka hqla; .f msKavmd;fha
fhfok f NsCIqj Wofha isjqre fmdrjd md;%h f.k ms`vq msKsi
.ug msfikafka yslaufuka hqla;j ;udf.a brka ixjr
lrf.k fkd f' i;su;aj fkd f'
ldka;djl l wfhdaksfida ukisldrfhka hqla;j
wef.a w mi n,d zzrd.ks#Y%s;jZZ ldudYdjkaf.ka ue is;
wehg ji f' is; rd.ks#Y%s; fuka rd. .skafkka
is; lh ;=< odyh yg .kS' ixhqla; ksldfha fuka u ixhqla;
wd.u fmdf;a tk mfofha we;s m i;su;a nj" bkash ixhqla; md<s .d:djkag wkqj ^ix'ks' 4$156& b;du;a
ixjrh" wdpdrYS,s;ajh hk fjd n%yauph i|yd im
inkaO;djlska l%shd lrhs' we;a; jYfhkau i;sh t<eU
is k flfkla yg wdpdr O34u yd b`rka ms<sn`o ixjrh
bf ilia f' iqm; i;sh fyda wLKav i;sh ;sf k
35
flfkl=g isf;a my<jk pxp," lmk" wixjr;d jyd
jegfykak mgka .kS' ^ix'ks 4$228&
by; ixisoafha " tu NsCIqj ;uka lrk foa u;l
ke;su" fuu wi;sh ksid is jQ njla fkd lshef' Tyqg
;udf.a md;%h wu;lula fyda wdmiq wdrKHhg jk u
wu;lula fyda i`oyka fkd f' m%Odk jYfhka u wjOdrKh
flfrkafka" fyf;u l%ufhka isjqre yer ouk ;;a;ajhg m;a
jQ njhs' ixhqla; wd.u ^uydhdk fmd;& fuys ,d jer ia;r
f.kyer olajka is; lh fol rd. .skafkka r;a jQ g Tyqg
;jrg;a flS ia:dkj,g leue;a; fyda .ila uq, iSu m%sh
fkdjQ nj ia;r f' f wkqj Tyqg B<g jyd u l< hq;a;
ms<sn`o m%Yakhla mek ke.S ke;' kuq;a wi;su;au ksid rd.h
my<u yd Bg wkqrEmj ;udf.a jk rgdj krlg fmr,Su
wkqj wkql%ufhka isjqre yer u olajd u lreKq fh we;'
^ix'ks'2$416& ta wkqj i;su;a nj fuys yqjd olajk wdldrhg
;ud msg;a jQ ldrKh bgq lr .ekSug fkd yels ula .ek
i`oyka fkd f'
wi;su;au ksid tu NsCIqjg ;u NsCIq;ajh yd tys
j.lS wu;l o@ flfia kuq;a NslaIqjf.a j.lS y ye
u;l ;snqKd k fyf;u ldka;dj foi rd.ks#Y%s; f,i fkd
n,kq we;' ixhqla; ksldh yd ixhqla; wd.u hk foflys u
yd fjk;a iQ;%hlg wkqj o i;sfha m%Odk lD;Hh fuh fkdf'
tu iQ;%hg wkqj" rc flfkla iudk wmyiq;djhlg m;a
f'^ix'ks'4$228& rc;=ud ;u wka;#mqrhg wi;sfhka hqla;j
we;= jQ g rd.fhka uqim;a f' tu ksid wi;su;a u wkqj
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N+ldj wu;l fldg lghq;= meyer yeula woyia fkd
flf34' fmd;a j, ;jrg;a wi;su;au fyj;a uqGiai;sh
ksid rd.d flf<iaj,g bv fkd ,eu ms<sn| .d:d je,la
ixhqla; ksldfha iy ixhqla; wd.u fmd;aj, laf' fn
mj34;k o tajd tfiau rCIKh fldg we;'
iia;rj yd iqCIuj" fufia hula olsk flfkla gq fofhys
gqu;ska k;rug" wik flfkla wik fofhys weiQ muKska
k;r ug wkqYdikd lrhs'
^Wodk$nq'ks'142&
36
ixhqla; ksldh fmdf;a th lafjk mdGh fufiah'
zzrEmx iajd i;s uqGd - mshx ks;a;x ukis lfrdf;d"
idr;a; ;af;d fjfo;s - ;[ap wfdi ;sG;s'ZZ
zz;iai jVka;s fjokd - wfkald rEm iNjd"
wNsCvd p fyid p-;a; uiaiq my[a[;S"
tjx wdkf;d laLx-wdrd ksndk jqp;s'
^ix'ks'4$156&
Yo - .JO - ridfh;a f f,ig u fhfok nj tu
udlH mq;a; iQ;%fhys u laf' fuu .d:djkag wkqj bJsh
oukh yd ldh ixjrh fYaIfhka u f.kyer olajd ke;' ta
wkqj" is;l rd.d flf<ia my<ug wdikak ldrKh i;sh
fkdue;su - zzuqGiai;shZZ nj ksiel f,i lsh f' wfkla
w;g i;sh t<U is k lSudfhys flf<ia ;34l my<
lr fkdf.k isug we;s yelshdj lshef'
f wkqj i;su;a nf wdksixYh f.kyer lau"
wi;su;a nf wdkj lau uska yqjd olajhs' i;sh
t<e g j34;udk ;a; m%jD;a;sfha yrialv ms<snoj
wju;a njg wjfndaOh ,efnk w;r" flf<iaa m%jdyhg
yiq fkd isf yelshdj ,ef' taa wkqj i;su;a g lSu
yq ^w;aa& lsfuka k;r l< yels h' ta wkqj m%h;akh h
hq;af;a" lsu je,elau fkdj ta fjkqjg flf<ia my< lr
fkd f.k flf,iska fkd lsmS-fkd fl<iS isuhs' f wkqj
i;sfhaa wdrCIl lD;Hh k j34;udk ;a;CIKh flfrys
mQ34K wjfhka hqla;j flf,iqkaf.ka fkdfl,iSS isu f,i
w34:l:kh l< yelsh'
wdrlaL mpqmGdkd-
wdrCIdj jegfyk whqre ixhqla; ksldfha iy ixhqla;
wd.u hk fmd;a j< lafjk" <fjl=f.a Wmudmjlg wkqj
i;sfha wdrCIl l34;jHh fufia laf' fuu mj34;kh
weiqre lrkafkaa" ixhqla; wd.u fmd;hs'
zzysud, m34j;fha b;d nEjq iys; zziS;ZZ ysu iys; ia:dk
we;aaf;aah' tu ia:dk <jqkag-jrkag mjd iSug fyda
,dug Ialrh' ksiqka .ek lshkqu ljf34 o@ ;j;aa iuyr
;eka j, <jqkag-jrkag iSug yels kuq;a ksiqkag msiSug
37
fkdyel' ;j;a ;ekaj, <jqka o" jrkaa o" ksiqka o jdih
lr;aa' ovhlaldr jeoafoda ,dgq j34. f.k ,S fldagqj, ;jrd
<jqka .ejfik ia:dkj, wgjd ;n;a' oCI jfrda tajdhska
je<lS wE;afj;s' kuq;a fudav jrkag .e<ula ke;' <x
w;ska w; .Efuka w; tys we, f' th .e<ug wks;a w;ska
W;aidy lrk g w;a fol u tys we,f' ka ll=,a md
lsfuka jvd;a ,dgqfhys we,f' lka w,a,kakg hefuka
lg;a tys we,f' w;a fol" md fol" lg hk mia wx.h u
iudkj we,f' ,dgq we, .=,s fjk ,jd .=<slr ;enQjdla
fuka iaf' je ovhlaldrhd meK W!j zzfy,a,hlZZ
wuqKdf.k hhs'
g iudka;rj ia;r olajk ixhqla; ksldh fmdf;aa
ulalg iQq;%fha ^ix'ks'5-1$270& fuu kso34Ykh olajd
;udf.a im%odhdkql+, f.dapr N+fhka mndysrj iSf
wdkj f,i fuh f.kyer olajhs' tk" fhda.djprhd i;r
i;smGdkfhka f;drj iSf wdkjhs' mdrml f.dre
fuka mndysru hkq brka mskf m%jk;djhs' tu
jehslalsh udrhdf.a rdcOdksh nj" n, fmfoi nj" ixhqla;
ksldh jerg;a olajhs' fn!oaO W.ekaug wkqj udrhd hkq
ksjka .ukg ndOd muqKqjkakdh'
by; ixhqla; wd.u iQ;% mj34;kh ;jrg;a
lreKq olajkaa flfkla ;udf.a f.dre f ^i;smGdkfha&
iSf w.h olajhs' wi;su;a j msKavmd;fha je hg lS
NsCIqjlf.a isoahg wkqj" Tyq wdpdr-f.dapr im;a;sfhka
yd bkash ixjrfhka f;dru f wjdikdjka; isoahg
fya;=jhs' zzrd.ks#Y%s;ZZ oY_kfha isf;a ldu rd. yg .kS' tu
ksid ieu w;ska u we,S.kakd NsCIqj udrhdf.a jihg ,laf'
f tu NsCIqjf.a fuu wi;su;a nj wkqj ia;%shla gq u;ska
b;d myiqfjka lduPkaohg k;= u mqk mqkd lshhs'
jrdf.a Wmudjg wkqj i;sfha wdrCIl l,dmfhka
msg flfkla bkashka mskf f,dalhg wef,a' nef|a' jrla
wek g" nek g ;j ;j;a fudav is;s,s f.a fudav
wdNdih f.a ;j ;j;a we,S" ne" meg,s .kS' yhg jrd
ish wmiska ,dgqfjys we,S" meg,S .kakd fiah' fuf,i
,dgqfjys fkd we<S isug k i;sh keu;s YsLrfhys jdih
weg .=K h'
38
 wk;=rg fyaa;=j jYfhka yqjd olajhs' fuu lasug wkqj f
i;smGdkfha ;j;a ksoiqklg wkqj ;udf.a wdrCIdj ksoiqfkaa m%Odk ldrKh tk" ;udf.a f.daapr w;a;fhka
msKsi mdrml f.dre u laug rdcd,sfhl=g yiq - f.dre fuka ^i;r i;smGdkfhka & neyerj mudjg je
jQ leg l=re,af,l=f.a isoahla olajhs' ixhqla; wd.u fkd isu i;=rdg yiq fkd isug ldrKh njhs'
fmdf;a iQ;%hl lafjkafka fufia h' we; w;SS;fha kl
leg l=re,af,la fl;l iS h' W! kla ^l=re f.dfhl=g& tu ksoiqkg wkqj i;smGdkfha wdrCIdj fCIau N+hlaa f,i
rdcd,sfhl=g yiqh' rdcd,shd leg l=re,a,d veyef.k by, lau" flfkl=g ldu ks#Y%s; wruqKq jYSNdjfhka .e,
wdldihg mek kexf.a h' by< wdldifha leg l=re,a,d" zzuu lghq;= lsug yelsu wkqj" by; WoaOD;fha lafjk
wjfhka fkd is ksid fuu wk;=rg ,la hs uqr .d lS h' wi;su;a nj lduhg we hEug fya;=jk lreK;aa iu
zzuu mdrml f.dre fuka ria ' wf.daprfhys ie wkqhd; f' wi;su;a nj bfha fmdr neh fkd yels ;r
ierefj' tu ksid fuu wk;=rg ,laZZhs" mdfmdpdrKh fuu ldudYdj" i;su;au yryd" hgm;a l< yels fohla njg
lf<ah' zzke;s k flfia k Wl=iafil=f.a .%yKhg ,lafj m;aau" t;r 34j, leg l=re,a,dg n,j;a rdcd,shd ch .;
o@ ka .e<ula bka ke;'ZZ hs ;udg u fodia lshd .;af;a yels nj fmkafuka iaMqg flf34' fuu leg l=re,a,d iy
h' jrd ms<sn| Wmud fol i;su;a nj yryd ,efnk wdrCIdj
yqjd lau w;ska iumd; f' wfkl=;a iQ;% la j,g
fuh weiQ rdcd,shd zz fudllao Tnf.a ksoyi /lfok wkqj i;sh tlu wdrCIdjh' ^wx'ks'6$56&
f.dre uZZhs leg l=re,a,df.ka weiS h' zzudf.a mdrml f wkqj i;sh msysgqu wkqj flfkl=g ndysr
f.dre u k ke=u msKsi ydk ,o f.d f mia f,dalfhka mefKk we,S ne m%jdy bfhaa fkdie,s
msve,s w;rhs' tys uu wdrCIdj ,n' wk;=rla ke;ehsZZ isug" .idf.k fkd hEug we;s Yla;sh ;yjqrej ,ef' f
leg l=re,a,d ms<s;=re ks' rdcd,shdf.a j.dvnrh u;= h' m34fhaIKd;aul fidhd .eks j, wka;34.;h iq;a; ksmd;h
leg l=re,a,dg lshkqfha zz uu ka kqUj ksoyia lrkjd' yd iudka;r zzfhda.dpdr N+ZZ keue;s uydhdk fmdf;a fufia
w;ykjd' Wf Th wdrCIl f.dre ug kej; m,hka' laf'
WU ys;kjdo tys kqUg udf.ka .e<ula ;sfhkjdZZ lsh,d'
rdcd,shdf.a w;amyqka .e<u ,o leg l=re,a,d" w;ska
ke.=u msKsi ydk ,o l=Uqrl miamsve,s w;r l=vd mia
zzhdks fid;dks f,dl ix
i;s f;ix ksjdrKxZZ iq(ks
w; iQ;%h
msve,a,la ;=<g mshEUqf h' wk;=rej fkl leg l=re,a,d
mia msve,a,la Wvg kexf.aa h' rdcd,shdg wNsfhda.hla fokakg ^nq'ks$iq'ks' 1039 .d:dj&
is;=f h' wNsfhda.h ,;a rdcd,shd f mqx l=re,a,d ug
wNsfhda. lrkak ;r T< fud, hehs is;S h' ;ry .sfha h' i;sh fodrgqmd,l f,i
jyd u W! w,a,d .kakg Bhla fuka mshEUqf h' th k.;a uyd mjdr k.rhl k.roajdrfha fodrgq md,lfhl=g
leg l=re,a,d jyd u f,dl= mia msve,a, ;=<g x.=f h' Wmudlsfuka i;sfha wdrCIl lD;Hh fjk;a wdldrhlska
f.dr jerk rdcd,shd zzmshdiefiaZZ cjh jelug f,dl= f.k yer la f' Wmud follska ^ix'ks'4$368& lafjk
mia msve,af,a mmqj je w;a;gq isr hefka h' ^ixhqla; WoaOD;h fufia h' mjdr rgl rfcla ;u we;= kqjr fyd|
ksldfha ^ix'ks'5-1$268& ye wdjrKh lrk ,o fldgq neulska wdrCId fldg"
iqq;%hg wkqj leg l=re,a,d rdcd,shdf.a w;amyqrg Yla;su;a uqrldj,a ;nd" Rcq iu msiq ud34. idod ;nhs'
yiq ;udg ;udf.a wjdikdjka;lu;a" wl=i,;djh;a .ek tfiau fyf;u uqrldj,a i|yd fodrgq md,lhka is fofkla
ueis,s ke.+ uq;a ;udg u fodia k.d .;a nj fkd lshef' i;r uqr ljqj,g m;a lrhs' ta iEu fodrgq md,lfhla u
ixhqla; wd.u iqq;%h ta fjkqjg ;udf.aa u mudj ^wi;su;anj& oCI h' lir h" tys hkakka tkakka .ek uis,su;a h' tu
39 40
k.rhg msiq ud34. i;rls' ta ud34.j,ska k.rdm;s isk
uKavmhg <d h yelsh' bka fmr .ska mKsvlrefjl=
mefKkafka fodrgq md, fufia uihs'
zzfuu k.rfhaa k.rdm;s fldfya o @
zzk.rdm;s k.r uOHfha i;r Ydfjka mefKk ud34.
tl;=jk iaa:dkfha uKavmfha jev isZZ fodrgqmd, ms<s;=re
fohs'
mKsvlre th wid kf.k k.rdm;s yuqf mKsvh
Tmamq fldg ,efnk m%;spdrh o /f.k wdmiq ud34.hg niS'
tfiau ol=Kq foiska''' ngysr foiska''' W;=re foiska'''
mKsvlrefjda meK ta ta fodrgq md,lhkaf.ka fufia
ui;s'
zzfuu k.rfha k.rdm;s fldfyo@ZZ
zzk.rdm;s k.r uOHfha i;r Ydfjka mefKk ud34.
tl;=jk ia:dkfha uKavmfha jev isZZhs fodrgqmd, ms<s;=re
fohs' mKsvlre th wid kf.k k.rdm;s yuq fjhs'
mKsvh Tmamq fldg ,efnk m%;spdrh o /f.k wdmiq meKs
Ydjg u hhs'
ixhqla; wd.u fmd;g wkqj i;r os.ska mefKk i;r
mKsvlrejka i;r i;smGdkh f,i ykd.kS' ixhqla;
ksldh kso34Ykfha fodrgq md,lhka tla flfkl= .ek i|yka
jk w;r fyf;u i;sh f.kyer olajhs' fn cd;sl
fmdf;a i|yka jk wkaoug" ;=kajk me;slvla olajka tys
;ks fodrgq md,lfhla f,i olajd we;' fyf;u lh ms<sn|
isysh fyj;a ldh.;di;sh ksfhdackh lrhs'
tfiau ixhqla; wd.u fmdf;a lafjk m
mKsvlre miaikdj f,i olajd we;s w;r ixhqla; ksldh
iy fn fmd;aj, th zziu:-miaikdZZ f,i k lsu;a
fuys lsh yels fjkils'
mKsvlre ;ks miaikdj fyda iu: miaikd hehs
folla jqj o fodrgq md,lhdf.a lD;Hh fuu kso34Ykhg
wkqj mKsvlreg k.rdm;s yuqug mdr lshdu jk w;r"
k.rdm;s hkq [[dKh f,i iEu fmd;l u fmdf
k flf34' fodrgq md,l f,i fuys ,d lafjk iu:h fyda
41
miaikdj u i;sfha we;s ukisldr lD;Hh f,i f.k yer
oelaf' i;sh fuu ldhdkqmiaikdj muKla fyda fjd" i;r
i;smGdkh u fjd" th Wmfhda.s lrf.k flfkla iu: -
miaikd jeug ksje/ m%;smodjg m;a jk nj jgyd .;
hq;=h'
fuu kso34Ykh wkqj;a fufia i;sh uOHu m%;smodj
f.a m%.ukh iy;sl lrk w;r jer u hEug bv fkd"
wdrCId lsf lD;Hh lr fokakla f,i ie,lSu wkqj is;g
f,dl= myiqjla i,id fohs'
wx.=;a;r ksldfha fuka u tys uydhdk uOHu wd.u
fmdf;a oelafjk ;j;a ksoiqklg wkqj" i;sh fodrgq md,l
lD;Hh lr fok wdldrh biau;= fldg olajhs' uOHu wd.u
fmdf;a fufia oelafjhs'ZZ fuys,d mjdr k.rhl rcq ;udf.a
m%Odk weu;sjrfhl= oajdrmd,l f,i m;a lrhs' Tyq lir
oCI flfkla f,i ksYapfhys fhfoa" t;r h" fmr oelaula
iys; h' fyd| ;dkdm;sjrfhls' fyd| ys;jd we;a;ka we;=
lrk w;r krl wh neyer lrhs' ta wkqj k.rh ;=< iduh
wdrCId lrk w;r ndysr i;=rka oukh flf34'ZZ
fuf,i fiaL mqoa.,hd" ksrka;r i;sfhka jdih lrhs'
iud i;sh Wmhd .kS' fndfyda l,lg fmr l<-lS oE" weiQ
rE oE ms<sn|j ks;r isysh t<U is' isys uq,d ula ke;'
f fian mqoa.,hd fodrgq md,lfhl= f,i" m%Odk
weu;s jrfhl= f,i i;sh Wmhk uqjdfjka wl=i,a neyer
lrhs' l=i,a jvhs' wfma wx.=;a;r ksldh fmdf;a lafjk m
fuu fodrgq md,lhd i;sh fndfyda l,lg fmr weiQ rE" l,
rE foaj,a isys lsf yelshdj olajhs' ^wx'ks4$440&
fuu kso34Ykhkag wkqj fmr weiQ rE" l< rE foaj,a kej;
isys le|f yelshdj w;a u;lhka f.k yer olajhs'
m%:ufhka ;udf.a ; l;dj yd inkaaO merKs
u;lhkaa lshef' fmr weiQ rE oE u;la lsf yelshdj"
merKs bkajh nyqY%e; Ndjh olajhs' fmr iQ NdKl NsCIQqka
jykafia,d fuf,i lg mdv fldg u;l ;nd .ekSf
oCI;djh yryd nqoaO jpkh yd foaYkd u;= mrmqrg odhdo
42
lf<da h' f wkqj" merKs nq oyu yd wm%udo m%;smodj fuu
fndfyda l,lg fmr l< lS oE u;lfha ;nd .ekSf yelshdj
u; m%dfhda.slj r|d mej;s nj myiqfjka jgyd .; yelsh'
i;sh yd u;lh
by; olajk ,o ksoiqk wkqj tys i|yka u;lhka
fj;ska isys leo j._ fol w;r fjki ne ne,aug t;r
meye,s ke;' Wmud Wmfh .e,mSu wkqj oajdr md,lhdf.a
i;sh krl foa oek we;=<g fkd .ekSf iy fyd| foa we;=<g
.ekSsf is lrk jdrKh m%lg h' u;lh fuys ,d lrfok
l34;jHh jgyd .ekSug ;jrg;a uid ne,SSu j'
we;=<g .; hq;= iy fkd.;hq;= wh ms<sn|j fyda
tys ,d iqiql ms<sn|j fodrgq md,lhdg ;u w;Ss; u;lh
u; rod mej;Su idudkHfhka fld;klg;a wod< h' fodrgq
md,lhdf.a rdcldh fyda tfkod lghq;= hehs fYaIhla
fkdue;' ojfia jev ksu s wdmiq ksji n,d hk u oek
.ekSug;a th wjYH jkjd fia u fyg;a Wofha u kej;
uqrfmd<g" meKSug;a uf.a uqrfmd<-uf.a /lshdj hk
u;lh wjYH h'
fuf,i u;lh inkaOfhka isf;a l%shd lrk
ffp;islh i[[djhs' i[[dj j34;udk w;aoelS ;=<ska
.;a foa merKs woyia iu .e<msu" ieiu lrhs' fuh
ishu udkisl ;;a;ajhka j,g tl fia jeo.;a f' f
wkqj lsis u zzif;kslZZ l%shdjla fuf,i merKs w;aoelSs"
woyia yd u; j,ska f;drj isfjk njla is;Su mjd W.yg
h' fuf,i fuu w;S; u;l" woyia yd is;es j34;udk
i;sh iu .e<mSSu tl w;lska m%Yaklr h' ulaksido h;a
i;shg tjeks lsisu w;S; u;lhla fyda tjka woyila
fkdue;sj zziaffjj;ajZZ lghq;= l< yels ksid h' fuf,i
i;sfha ffki34.sl ,CIK ms<sn| ukd jegySula ,nd .ekSug
k" uu ys;kafka" fuu uQ,sl b.ekau wkqj;a" i;sh jkdyS
flfkl= YsIag W;aidyfhka u Wmhd imhd .; hq;a;la
njhs' fuys oelafjk ldrKdjkag wkqj yq zzixl,amZZ kej;
isyshg keSu i;sfha w;Hka; wx.hla f,i wjOdrKfhka
fkd lsh f' by; we;s jQ ksoiqkg wkqj oajdr md,lhdf.a
rdcldfha ykd .ekSf yelshdj u;= lr fkd olajk w;r
43
hym;a wh we;= lr ug;a whym;a wh msgux lsug;a
we;s yelshdj flfrys wjOdrKh lrhs'
fjk;a me;a;lska" fodrgq md,lhdg ;u rdcldh
l=ulaoehs u;la lr u u u;lh yd inkaO fldg fuys
olajhs' fuh ksoiqk wkqj h;;a" Bg miqj flfrk ia;rj,g
wkqj tu inkaOh t;r meye,s ke;' ta ia;rhg wkqj
ksoiqk f.k olajk Wmfh k i;sh wkqj flfkl=g fndfyda
l,lg fmr is jQ foh u;l ;suhs' fuh flfkla iska
l<hq;= Rcq inJOhla fkdolajhs'
f ;dla lreKq wi;su;a nj fkd olajk fofha
oelaf' kuq;a ksoiqfka flfkla msg;a jq ldrKh l=ula oehs
wu;lula .ek fkd lsh f' fodrgq md,lhdg ;udf.a
l<hq;= rdcld l%shdjla lsf ,d" tk fyd| wh we;=<;a
lr,Sug;a" krl wh we;=<;a fkd lsug;a k.roajdrfha
isfjk oE inkaOfhka wjOdkh wjYH h' f fudfydf;a
ljqreka k.rhg we;= jkafka oehs hkak ms<sn| wjOdkh
w;Ss; u;l ksid j,au;a fkd h hq;=h' f wkqj ug
k jegfykafka" oajdrmd,lhdf.a i;sh fyj;a j34;udk
fudfyd;g t<U isu" tk krl wh msgqjy,a lr,Sf ,d
Rcqj wjYH jk ,CIK njhss' tf,i fodrgq md,lhdf.a
ksoiqfka oelafjk i;sh wdrCIl lD;Hh jrdf.a iy leg
l=re,a,df.a Wmudf oelafjk lD;Hhg iudkh'
f wkqj i;sh yd kej; u;lhg keSu w;r inkaOh
inkaO lsf ^ f.dvke.Sf & j34;udk fudfyd;g mq34K
f,i wju i|yd w;SS; u;lhg msisug myiqu ;=<ska
iajNdlj u u;= f' flfkla ;ud okakd foa muKla isys
le|ug i;shg yelshdj ;sf' oekSu je u k isys le|u
jvd;a id34:lh' i;sh msysgq k" w;S;fha l< lS oE fld;r
wE; w;s;fha jQj;a u;la lsu myiq f'
wdrCIl fodrgqf isfjk foa inkaOfhka oek
.ekSug k fodrgq md,lhd Tyqf.a fudfyd;g t<eU isu
iiaa;r yd mq,aa h hq;=h' tys ,d Tyq fj; mefKk tla
flfkl=g muKla je wjOdkhla fhduq lsug hEfuka
fodgqf tyd fuyd hk tk whf.a wkHhka .ek fkd
44
i,ld yeu l< fkd yels h' m%Odk fodrgq md,lhdf.a
ksoiqkg wkqj" ;udf.a fodrgqj fj; fhduq jQ wjOdkh ksid
iuia;hla f,i tys isjk ish,a, fj; wjOdkh isud fkdf'
tf,i mj;soa;a Tyq mKsvlreg k.rdm;s yuqf
ud34f.damfoaaYh ksjej lrhs' ta w;r u fodrgqf / isk fuf,i w;aoelSf .eUqr yd mq,a nj tlsfklg inkaOh'
w;r j34;udkfhaa isfjk ish,a, flfrys wjOdkh fhduq
lsf hq;=lu meyer fkdyeu wkqj fyd| hym;a whf.ka
whym;a krl wh fjka lr .kSS'
m%dfhda.slj fuhska woyia jkafka" flfklaa ksis
wjOdkfhkaa hqla;j hula lrkafka k th miqj u;la lsug
myiq nj;a" ta wkqj i;sh wdrCIdjk nj;aa h' Ndjkd Yd,djg
weof.k hk .uka ug .uk .ek i;su;a h yels jkjdla
fuka u is; msg hEu ksid is;s,s w;r w;ruxu;a is h
yelsu wkqj miq.sh u;l igykaj, .e,S isul=;a o ke;'
ta w;r wkql%ufhka uu Ndjkd Yd,djg <.d jqKs k uu
.uk is l, nj meye,s h' uu .uk .ek i;su;a fkdjqKs
k ug .uka l< wdldrh ms<sno u;lh wj l< fkd yels
h yelsj ;snqKs' f isoahg wkqj uu oekaa Ndjkd Yd,djg
<d we;s ksid uf.a .uk is we;s nj wkqudk l< yels
w;r" .uk .ek u i;su;a jQjd k .ufka ia;r jHxck
wkq jHxck iys;j u;la l< yels jkq we;' mdf34 mshjrla
mshjrla mdid u;la l< yels njla ke;;a Ndjkd Yd,djg <d
u u;la l< yelsu fmkajd fokaafkaa" tu l%shdj,sh ms<sn|
w;alSu$w;au wjOdkfhka isl< nj hs' i;su;aa fkdjqk
o" .ufka h m%udKhl wjOdkhla ;sh hq;= h' tfia
fkdjqKfyd;a u jeru fyda mshjr udre lsf wmyiq;d
u;=jkq we;' mqreoaog lrk fujka lghq;= i|yd wjYH
lrk wjOdkh t;r .eUqre tlla fkdf' isf;a fndfyda g
wu;r foaj,a fh ;su idudkH h' ^Wod# oj,a isysk" merKs
u;lhka" b ie<iq"& hfula ilauka Ndjkd lrk g i;sh
mshjfrys fh .uka lrk g is; jD; k idor k"
mshjf34 w;aoelSu w;a olsk w;r" tys ia;r ksje/j oek
.kS' fuf,i wjOdkfhka hqla;j .uka lrk g ukisldrh
;%h' iuia:h oek .kakd w;r tllg muKla is; zzwdmd;
.;zz b;sh is;ska .s,syS hEug bv we;' fujka jD;
idor wj;djhla we;a; jYfhka u ilaufka is miqj
45
isyslr ne,Sf u;lhg keSu ish yelsh' fujka mq,a
wjnj;aa" idor nj;a" we;a; jYfhka u miqj u;la lr
ne,Sf ;udg u tys fjki jegfyk ;r h'
fydka i;su;aj" m%;sl%shdj,ska f;drj" ksYaphkaf.ka f;drj
isk g" is; m%m[p lsfuka f;drj u j34;udk fudfydf;a
O me;slv oel n,d .ekSu Ifhys ukisldrh bf we
hhs' tjka wjia:d j, is; is;=re O wdldr iy iajNdl
,CIKh Wlyd .kS' th ;yjqre f,i msis ldphla iys;
leurdjlska .;a PdhdrEmhla fia meye,s ia;r iys; h'
i;smGdk Ndjkdj me;af;ka n,k g" iuia:hla f,i
i;sfha u;l ;nd .eksu flfrys olajk myiqlu" olajk
wjOdkfha ;Sj%;dj;a" mq,a nj;a j34;udk ixisoahg ,nd
u wkqj jegySu ireu wkqj miqj u;laa lssug myiqj
i<ihs' fuu j34;udk fudfydf;a i;sh t<U isf ksje
nj wkqj O i;smGdkhka yryd b inkaO;djh
f.dvkhs' ;udf.a Yrh ms<sn| wjh yd isf;a j34;udk
yrialv hk fjd yryd inkaO;djh f.dv k.hs'
f i;sfha we;s j34;udk w;aoelSf .=Kdx." is;
;nd .ekSf .=Kdx.hg wu;rj" th u;l igyka .nvd
lrkjdg;a jvd we;s iyinkaO;djka miqj u;lfha
.e<mSug o Wmld f' f rpkfha m%:u fldgfia ,d fhdackd
l< m i;sfha fuu .=Kh jvd;a m%lg jkafka" flfkla
hula i|yd wl wjOdkhla fhduqlr u;la lrk fgl th
h,s u;lhg kd .ekSsug wmyiq jk wjia:djl h'
m%Yakh mfil ;nd is;g ksis kskafoa jD;j mq,a f,i
th is;kakg yefuka bfg u tu lrKh u;la f' i;sfha
fuu w;S; u;lhka fj; isys t<f lD;Hh wkq.%y lsu
fyj;a zzwkqiai;shZZ i;smGdk Ndjkdjg iDcq inkaOh
34j,h' f me;slv fol fndfyda fmdf Ndjkdjg wod,
kuq;a i;smGdk Ndjkdf jvd lemS fmfkkafka wms,dmk
,CIKh fyj;a t< fudfyd;g" wruqKg lsod nisk .=Kh
hs' fkd b,smafmk .=Kh hs' tys ,d i;sfha lD;Hh f,i ;u
Yrh" lh j34;udk jYfhka .fYKh lsu" j34;udkfha
46
flfkla k u" isf;a j34;udk l%shdld;ajh ms<sn|
.fIKh w;S; u;lh isysm;a lsug jvd i;smGdkfha
jeo.;a f' fuf,i j34;udk fudfydf;a wj Ndjh
i;smGdkfha jvk w;r" th ud34. wx.hla f,i ksjkg
fhduq lrjhs'
bka" i;sh yq w;S; u;l isysm;a lsug u" is;
k i;smGdkh fldgia i;rl wkqms<sfj, l%shdud34.hla
yryd iud i;sh j34Okh lsfula wjYH ke;' w;S;h
isysm;a lsu hqKq lsug k" iQ;%-md<s lg mdv lsu"
wkd.; mrmqrg nqoaO jpkh f.k hdu i|yd" w;S; nq
oyf flrekq wdldrh fyd|g u m%udKj;a h' fo Ydia;% yd
uka;%" mrmqfrka mrmqrg f.k hEf Nd;d l< ta l%uhg
wkqj" Tjqkaf.a m%Odk;u mqyqKqj jQfha u;l ;nd .ekSf
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49
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52
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