The Inspection of

Products Hot-DiP

Galvanized After-

Fabrication

Including a New

Section on

Touch-Up and RePair

AMERI( N CAlvANlzERs ASsoclATloN

 Tnr InsptcloN oF PRooucrs Hor-Dtp GnlvnNzto
.i'
furrn FnnrucnrtoN
TABLE oF Cor'natus
Ilspctio! .... .
Purpoeo of
ssEDlhc br Testg
Coaiqg Miqoducnre aod Carues of Thickness atrd Ulilormlty
Thicktr68 Tstirg
Mrgnaic Thiclrccs frlcasurements
Stippine 8trd Wsighiry Metbod .
Woigbilg Bforc ald After Galvaniziog
Mictoscolty......... .6
Thiclogs Tstilg Gsugrs .6
Msgretic Bslslce Gauges
Pull-ofr Mrga*ic Oauges
Eloclr,odc Thichss Gsuges
MetsllographicExsEinstioo.... ...
Coatiq Adherl|trce
T6tirg for Adhererce .

Appearmce
healv.nizing Consultotiotr
Visurl lDspdioo Guide .. . ..
Bsrr Spoa . l0
General Rougbness t0
Drors PrcEusions .t0
LuEpioess snd Runs l0
Flun Inclusiots ....
Ash Inclusions ll
Matie Cray or Mottled Coating II
Ruststains.... .ll
Wet Storage Stsitr 12
Miscells[eous Testl r)
Testiog for CbDmate Filishes . .
11
Embdttlemedt Testing . .
Touch-r{ atrd Repait . . . ..:
Wh; is Touch-up NecessarY? .. .. .

SpccificatioEs .13
Surftce Preparatioo
Touch-r.p aad Repair Methods ... .

Metallizing (zinc Spriyrtrg) .... .13

Defitritiotr .
Surface Preparation . l4
Application .14
Perfortl|'trceChsracteristics .. .

* -"'aa - "*6r'tuEh'@w*a ntts*dmtan ud

, ,i6 hdtp sztnrtd 4b. teb*" ,,. "*", *"-' "ii';;;;i*i) i' ':^n ^a "
abbr6n tudh, or.! @1td*, ^'*"*,*,'*
- - --.*e *, "t 6' ttldt h' @ q44'lt t"i"itti t' 4 lra'u'' 4r
'-;,.-. "t
AIMEzucAN CAwANIzERs AssoclATtoN
 TABLE oF Conrtnrs - CoNn

."" l5
Zinc-icb Psint Applicatiotr . . . . -lJ
Dfitrition..... l)
Surh.o Preprntiotr . l5
Applicotiotr . . . t)
Perbrmanc Ch$acteristrcs . . . . . . . . .\6
soldering wirh Zinc$ased Alloys .. l6
De6lition....... ....... l6
Surfsoe Plrpatation
.16
Applioetion
.16
Pcrfolmstrce Chd'actcnstics . '
t1
ReDAir Method Slection Colsiderdtions l8
Reloted Specifications . " '
,,-.

AMERIc\N CALVANIZER5 A5SOCIATION

 PuRPosE ot lNsPEcrloN
Hcnnip galvm;rg after hbrication ir orc oftLe nost widly uscd Esth-
1- ods ofconosion potectioo" The fiul step in the hoaip gdvada!8 !'locss-
is iEptiotr to orrrt compli.trce with spcificstio[s. totcrpretstiotr of
itrsDectiotr r8ults mtd be mad with r clear utrdetstaldrDg ol tne ctuEs or
wious cotiag conditioos and their afbc'ts on lhe ultiDsb objective of pro-
viding cqnosioD proEctio&
Firct dnd Iorcrdost thP pttrpose of hot4ip galt'aniiing is lo prokcl
steel from coirosion, The leogth of time this Fotectiotr catr rasooably !e
eroect d to last beforE rnini'n.l EEilttenslc is rcquiEd is calcd its "scrvice
1i1s." 6&tvrnfing's srvic.e life i8 dirctly rcbred to the thi:hess of fre
pro-
tective ziac coe&g lhe thicks the cootiog d|e lotrgsr- ihe service lifc fsce
Ft?at" 1r. Thus, co.titrg thickness is the single Bost importslt rispecf,on
cbeck to detcrmiae the qurlity ofo 881v8!ized coatllg.
coditrg liiclness, howevct, is ody ooe item of iDspctior c-9d"s .q-
formity, adertnce aad lppcaralce also 8re evslusted Additio@lly' enbtit-
tbmdt 8d der defclr- arising fi'om fat'rication rnd design 8re inspctiotr
concenlll.
Whilc midouo standards must be satisfied il all these areas' their rEl-
.- alive iry{trteoce varies accordi.trg io the End-us ofthe fmished product' For
exaoplg the ed-use rcqufuemetrt for g8lve[ized sEuctural sreel in an iso-
lsred arsa differs tod that for a thi!auge product used u a docorasve
application. Utdrrstadhg tbe hdividurl rcquircmedts of fte goduci 8trd
tii of the hotdip galvonizing process is essential for proper
""pulitlty
uspeuon.
Iupection of the galvanized ptoduct is most effctively and efficieady
coodufod at 6e galv-anizer's plaat- ttere. questioos atrd co&erns cm.be
raised ald dealt with quicuy aad ef6cietdy - spedng !P tne lnspecooD
procesg and Esultilg in a time savitrgs thst is ao assei to the ovei'dl pmjecl
Rgure I
SAMPLING FoR TESrs Lltc of Prol.<iton vt Thktor.3t of Zln
To Foprly evaluate hot-dip galvaoized coot- and Bpc o, Afrn6phar.
i!ss. it is essmtial list selected specitllens be repte-
seitative of the inspection lot. Becsuse i$pection
lot sizes crtr be very small, statistical samplhg
olars. such as covered h Anerican Society of
totinc & I48r"inl" (ASTM) specificatioD B 602
and Canadisn Staodards Associstiotr (CSA) spcifi-
catiotr Z 90, mdy not be applicable. Howwer, such
81e?
a statistical samplitrg plan is recoEaended for larg-
! :;-"tr;'
er lots.
:
L
The inspectiol lot is a collectiotr of galvanized
adicles of the saEe kitrd tlat:
wEre galvaEized at dpptoxiDately the same tiEe,
were galvanized in the same manner'
were galvanied io the same galvanizing kettle'
and
are being submitted for acceptance as 3 group.

AMEnlqAN CArvANlzERs ASSoclATIoN

 AgfM A f23, src{iq! ?, ptwids Fd&li!s fqr lhe nulbr of-speci-
.;-s"i-;d; b";t"d # tot. r- inau ojoe such 88 trli8, bolh ed
rr'ashrrs, 8tr ettire qticle should bc se test q)aciDetr.
For |frc slficles such os Pl8ts. bars 8od 8!glc scti@s'
t6b sholrld.b
cudrccdin rhe galvanizpd article 8corditrg to $e.ptoco(lne dalcnDo.rn
6. I . Tbe Ee3sntocdt of c@titrg tirlrnesa $rouo
oe
ASTM A I 23, sction
taten d widely dispcrsd poilts to reprlsent a tue s{4lt!g ot
rle c'rore
b"& F t"-may rced to be iEsted in sectioB in ord{r to lp-
p*t. E.t
rE4rt the"-ai
edhe Prodrct-

Coerrtc MlcRosrRucruRE AND THE CAusEs of THlcKNEss

nto UNtronr*trY
The dichess of lhe galvanizcd costilg is the priBry
f".tor in rletefmidtrg its sewice life. Thc thicbr rhe coehg'
:* ^' it"iitg"t t"ffii." protec-tio! lssa'
idii z" os r*r The factors atrcctilg cociry Ihicluess are a conbioa-
narrr tioo of several varisbles, gome of which the galvmEer catr
idd"z" 'ot r, coruol ood some ofwhicb are beyotrd lhe gslvadter's coo-
trol. The chemic.l compocitiotr ofthe stel plsys tie blggest
ii#i.i.u s'a r., role in-<letermilirg the thickness of s gslvmized costitrg'
sre.l Duling the SslvaDiing Procass, I corylex Eetal.iutgical
rtacflon takcs place crc*ilg a sffies o[d|rc-rrotr dlloy.lay_
ers. These layers coltlil varyhg Nmolmb ot arc
atrc lrotr'
deoelditre o! lhe prcxisity to ttre btle sEel tre tly-ers
closest ro-the bsse sieel coDtgitr mor ircd a[d less zioc liatr
the laye$ farthd a$,ay. Figu? 2 !?ica .tE 1!6::l"o "I:v
h*_ zi* i'rYct i;;;;seen ; a 5{ricoiane'-tatrication' bot-diP salva-
i7J"*,1"g. Ntdtiy, the alloy-loyer growth tapers offas
the steel rcach6 the b8fr teoperatue As ttre lrsm - 6
rmoved from the beih. s fie zinc layer forEs' glutrg ulo
zinc-rron Alloy galvanized coating ils fiEiliar shiay, silver Epeat"arlc'
Lavcr\ However, cettaitr $eel coEpositio$ teDd to accelgrste
&e F\lth of the zinc-iron alloy layf,s so that the galva-
nizi coatilg has a matte finish with little ot !o pureexces's zrtrc
c,nrer l6.!er (;ee FistltP tr' Steel cotrtaidlg carboD iD
of 0 25'petce , pbosphor's-rn excess of 0'04 percetrj' or
maoeatr& in ex;ss ofsbout l'35 prccdt have betr show!
to creste Sese heav,icoatings. This coating also teods to be thicler
tht! ta-
aitii"J u"glt sliiy gslviizea gootinqs' The sslvodzer hts no coltrol
illustated F g'le
.t.. oi" t"iti"" tifil"o-o-killed stel cotrditiotr, gray' matte apparance
which is i'0
duc
i.'ilo" ,lia[o
"o"*5
fitquertly have a dart
to tlthck of a free zin; laver cappiog the alloy loyers'
in p!o-
A silicon level gteeter than 0 30 prcent is particularly hfluential
duc6g heavier zinc-iron alloy layer coaf/Dgs'
The surhce condition of the steel also inlluetrces the
thickffJ$ atrd
stels that ha-+ been
smootiness of the galvaaized coating' Non-rca.uve
cat hsve tiicknesses 50
alrrsively clesned Pr-ior to g
100 percent gleater than sie9
c

ID reactive iteels, the opposite effecr can be seen

wirh steels tbar have
t."""ru*ti""it Tie coaring tbichess on these steels is generally
"r"t"J
AMERICAN CArvANlzERs AssoclAroN
' iowc thrn e4ected The ryparasc, howevsr, rrmains a Ealtg gray with
occasioul roughess.
Thc nass, fre sbape and the smourt of cold wortilg of lhe piese 8l8o
affect coding 6iclGe 8!d ulifurdty. Who a hbricatd atticle has both
heovy rd light Ecctiors, di&rsrcs in cortiry thiclaeeE btweetr thrc sc-
tiou oay rtarlt Sitcc ioocnsior timc yaries accotdiDg to ih relstioEhip
offre alrhcc &ra of ro ftlo ro ib weight tie gslvslizt has lifilc coEltol
ovtr this sitrdi@.

When hot4ip gglvadzing frbricstcd afticles' local differerces in the

<trainofl becaus olthe sbape ofthe sfiicle ald the algle d which diftrstrt
surhceo ieave the bal, wili generally result ia sooe variation io coating
6icl$e3s" Specificsrions for hotdip galvenizing recognize that verianoDs rl
coatils Siche*s d inhtcot io th ptocess. The mhiolm tlucktress oI tle
ziac c6adag is ahrays specified as an average thichess of specimens tested
and a minimum weigbt for aty individual specime[
Wher messuremnb are made to determine the thichess distribution of
a larse colvanized article, a sufficient number ofreadhgs' rct less th6n five
ana ireicrabtv tO. slould be t keD at esch end and itr tle diddle ofthe srti-
cle beiog exg;ired /see FtSzte 5). Tbe messuements itr each area should
be .akco st l.asr forE inches froo the edge o avoid end effects add as wide-
lv di8Drsd os Dossible. Usually. the etrd ofsD arti-
thit t"""o tf," b"th last will carry a thicker coat' flgure 5. Mearurem.nts
ing. This is porticularly so lowards the edge, where
"j" and In th m
at-the time oi dninage the last few &ops ofthe zinc
tesd to collect as a rEsult of surface lensio!
The mhinrm coathg rcquirertreols specifled
by the ASTM fqr diferdt classes ofwort are sum-
astrizzd n Table 1 for ASTM A 123, Table 2 for
ASTM A 153 aoA Table 3 for ASTM A 76?. The
thicloees of a zirc coating is rported itr thou-
ssodlhs of an irch. For case of cowersion to thick-
ns itr irches and mils, ouc ouce of zhc per
souar foot is equivalet to 00018 i[ches or l8
-i1". A coouet"ioo cbart fot comnon coating in fdble i.
weights b both English atrd metric utrits is provided
The CSA miniEuE coatilg requiFnents fot different classes of work
are summarized ia farle 4. ;

THrcr(NESs TESTINc
There are sevenl oethods to deterDjne lhe weight or thickness of the
zltrc coatins on a galvanized article. The metbods oftestlng chosen
will most
rikerv oe al"ct"t"a-tv ttre size shspe atrd oumber ofpicces lo be rested Some

AMEzu(AN CA[vANlz[Rs Assocl^rtoN

.Table

iAinlfii:mu- Average coatlng Thickness crade by Material category ' AsrM A I23
,'rolled. pressed and torged shapes. castings, plates, bars ancl strips)
Mrtird C.a.Ady Al SFciicns T6&d
shd trlkh8 ttre lMc.su!d). tn. (mm)
<l/t6(<lO l/t6b <l/s (1.5 b < 3.4 _75-85
St'lrii.al9t.p.. 43 65 lo
Srrb ard Bar 45 65 z5 85 100
PIF rtd rib| 45 45
ra/h 35 50 @ 65 ao

Table 2
M'rlrrrn Arer"g" C".ti"S *tick ess by Material Class - ASTM A I53 (iron and steel hardware)
Mhlr im \r,bghi of Zhc Coath8i

Cl.s! A - Casthgs, Mr able hoh,stcl z.oo (6ro) l.ao (55o)

Ctrar 8 - P.oLd. P.!.!.d .ttd fo.a.d .ttkl6 trcPt
th6c ldlctl edild b. t drdd udc. Cb.ts C a D)
8- I - h. (4.76 rrm) .nd o/rt h thklai6s arkl ot/!r
'/16 (6lO) l,8O (55O)
15 h. (3al nln) ln L'glh 2.OO
B-z - tlndrt 3/16 h. (4.75 rm) h dldarcls a|d o/!t 15 ln.
r.25 (3al)
(3al im) h Ltgdl l.so (4sa)
B-3 - Ant' $,Halr' and l 5 tn. (4.76 ffin) atld urd' h l.E r r .3o (394 l.lo (336)
CL55 C ' f.dErss ovlt ts tn. (9.52 nh) h d!|Irctct ard sbn[..
anLtss. \lhrlr.6 3/16 t . Jd r/. ln. (4.76 and 6.15 |m)
r.25 (381) l.m (3o5)

Class D - r.!trE'sls ln. (9.52 n) and und. h dhmeter. rh/ets.

natrs .rd sl|nlar artths. \ lashss udet 146li. (4.76 nm)
l.0o (3o5) 0.85 (259)

Ar,o.te*o.tqacr+rdr.t.rd|arodt.rd!rn&r&!d.!ortttfr{r'52 n) h L{ttl fi slrlht o' ('rt6 dul

bGd...'rr'.dd-..d|.'d.'dt|F'{d|.dt|.gtktatr!|oG&lrEIbdt,|'trctr..rlgrt.G!.b.tnttcIffi
L lbdr h th. rry hftlial sF.dr./ ..r!!|D
T.1ble l Table 4

Minimum CoatinP, Il1'ak,1esj by Class Minimrrn of Zinc Coatings CSA C 164

^,4ass
ASTM /\ 767 (reinforcinq bars
Mass of zlnc Coadng [A;a""tj-
Matdbr
mln., g/m2 of su ace gnz lozte)
1of

CastlruF. kon and Sted 550 (I -8O) 7a (3.OO)

i Ro|led, drawn, p.essed or fdaEd sted artld6
I mh (OO39 h) and uP but not
I lrEltdlry 2 mm (0.079 h) z@ p.e5) 37 1t.44)
Coatlng Ctass \iblSht of zlnc Coatlng 2 mm (0.079 h) and uP but not
mlh,, o/ftz of Sudace L ln rudka 3 mm (o.I la h) 4OO (1.31) 57 tZ.Z2')
3 mm (O.1la h) ard up hn not
clars I hcludjng 4 mm (o 157 |n) 50o ( !.64) 7112.77)
i
8ar deslSnatlon slze no. 3 3.OO I 4 mm
(0. ! 57 h) ancl uP but not
Bar deCgtailon dzc no 4 ar'd la'8er 3 50 ItrtudlrB 5 mm (0. I 96 ln). 560 (r.84) 80 13.13)
Class ll 5 mm (o. I 96 h) rhlc* and hdvtcr 6lo (?.0o) a7 (3.4O)
des&n:don iz no. 3 and lal8er z.m hlrtnM thldc6*!'
Bar tLrtoc5 G |64 aor <mditt. <dd46
ldludli6 tsi.Ett .td rln ld dldtr

,AMrtucAN CAlvANtzERs A5soclArloN

 test methods rre noGdrstructivei otler- .
riDte
metbodE 8re dcSEllctrve, sttrce Eey -
irequie the rlNtrov8l of the ziDc coot-
" iaj or sectioaing ofihe coatd niter-
id.
(. Lfagndic Thicf.nas
, Ll.,!Joe'g* -Ttu thichcss of fre
cocitrg oay be <leErnircd bY llagF
Edic lhicloss Sqlge ueasulcmeltg
in eccordrJrc witb ASTM E 376. A
minirm|tn of fivc readings shall be
takea fd .ach spciED. The sYE age
ofths tictncas vrfus lrtgtr for ach
sDesimo shdl b not lc88 than orc cootitrg thictoe{s grrde lower thatr tho
virlrr lircd in the 4propisre ryccific8tio!. If lhrse coatiDg thichess mea-
gurmcm m nade-m sn &ticle witi diffstlot thiclDesss of seel, the val-
ues ia the rFroFiae specificarioa a{ply to ach riicl(lre*s of steel otr the
srticle.
q WpW ard Vdghbg I dttd -T\e ,|/ersge weight of a zioc cootrtrS
lDy b(;:teduircd by stripping an entire piece i! accodance with ASTM
A 90; Elterotrivety, the 8vr8gp c@tilg wetght may ne oEtefoxreo. oy sElP-
Ding test Dieces ftom lhe rcp'Isdtstive poG each witb a meosuraDle arca or
;q;ted suh'ce ofrt lerst l0 i|!.'(64.5 cE.). Exhict oae specimen approxi-
maclv 4 in. (l00om) from eoch etrd of lhe merobet and a third Pecime!
fiom ihe mroxirrate ceoter of the Eober. The weight of costiog oblsiDd
at each locaion shall not be lss thstr rhe value listd b tbe eprpriate spec-
ificatior The average weight of coatitrg for rhe itefi shall be the average of
tne vdues obtshed'in the thle locitions aDd shall trot be less thatr tie value
listed h the sDroridc aDecificatior. lfltes costiig weight mersurEme s
ere maae on aa atcb with difreretrt tiic-hesses ofs!e|, thetr the values io
the apFoprist specification sball aPPly to edch thichess of stel oo
the
article.
, Weighhg Eclore and Aier Gcfvanizing -.rhe aygraqe weigbt of lhe
beloT sqet
; zirc coariDg day be dttetEhed by vcighrng the artrcles
weight froE the scotrd' ald
Tl
(,rvrolng ltre
salvarizim. rubhscti[g the 6rst
iesuli uv tii aetenoioi surbce area. The firsr weiShl sh6ll be deremrircd
after piiklhg aad dryhg, tbe second affer coolitrg to ambieDt temperature'
The weirhhs before strd affer galvanizing metbod does oot take iito
-weight
account the of iron reacted from the anicle thst is incotporated trto
the cootiag. tt r"iy lhus underestimate cootilg woight by as much as
l0 per-
ced. $eeareectivity will affect the exted of uaderestiDation'

,4[rif,roscoqv - The tlictoess of the coating toay be detmided by cmss-

sectiongl aDd oFdcal measulsdent in accordamc with ASTM B 487 This
metbod recuirei the use of an optical microscope with a calibrated eyepiece'
The thichtss rlerermined by thjs derhod is a point value No less thaD hve
such Eeasuleme s sball be dade at locations otr the test aiticle that ale as
uriA"t" diaoa"t"A p-"tical so 8s to be Gpreseltative oflhe whole surfrce
^
ofthe test anicle. The average ofno less rhao five sucb deasuredents is the
specimeo coadng thicloess. Tte microscopy method is a destructlve^test 4trd
muy be appropriale for smaller articles, but rr'ould not be pmchcal tor larg-
cr a'ticles.

AMERIoAN GAIVANrzERs AssociATloN

THrcKNEss Tesrtuc Geucts
to give
Thpre se o mober of si4le rire'aic gorps list coD-bc-usd
a duick strd convedg[t me{sureBelt oFthe zilc codlog t[rchess' I ose
reedi4p provirled thery ut-poperly
-Ga" S-g* d"; "[Eble thictness cootiDgs of ktrowtr thickrcss atrd the Eauu-
IFttoC-"gios-ooo-magDltic
frc{uer's iDductioos 8rc observeo'
Tbc nost conoody used Es8letic grlgEs- prcvi& rsdings bdsd o-tr
msrrldic sttssciim betwe.n tle gsuge 'd b' bsse sbet. llvo lllErmctrls
Jffs Vp" are *gnotic balance gugps 8!d pu[ofr garges'
variarion ia lhc foipe of
Mqtdc Bqloacc Gtrt t rte b'sod lpo!8athca frrosEor
artaai6n betweetr two frrr@8g[etic bodis ol tDe (r|sarc
tt"*r tJ^ i*t"g thiclrcss raeesulme,trrs sf t8ry- 9I eryg.g-S
J-# iil-"i*i["o tc coaing's sur&ce with the gaugs heid
iliiril mEJ-*it *lrn" sc.lecdtacr
ring-of tbe geup i8 turnd forwstd
with rfll petpeD- drcul" lre
b Urine 6c roslFetic bp ilb 19
cetins- $r&ce: The scrle ritg is slowly n!'tred by h8trd
ulll rtre
#"?fri- o. ti" .tg"a-:usr ovJcomes the sttrctive fotcc
i'Jffii[" ."go"t
"ta
irbd;ie of fte gslvsnizd ite@' At.rhis
loos ftom the coaEd sunace atro me
noint &e maoetic tip brEsks
il;; JFrotadtc thc scsle riry. The break itr cotrtoct is shown
;;
#*-l"di";tli;d obo be hed aad felr Sime ofthethe stseogth of
ti"-."cn",i" attrsctioD rcl8tes to tic thickits coatitrg
rcquird. to
iri*"-",i"--"g* 8ubtat, the spritrg Etrsior
-a rn
eoual this forpe is oeasurable. Tbe scale ring has been callDrarcq
units of coathg thickness (Eils ot Bicaors}
This tvD of ffiuge hss the advadage of behg able to Be3sutt
co"tioc o'iiL""."k;y position, without rccalibmtion aqd without
;"rfff;;6"t gmvit|, becanse tle pivot alro is bolarced The
Gi"A ra.y o'f the'magaaic bolatrce type Sauges is plus or
llunus I0 Ddceot"""t
ofthe iDdicated readttrgs'
to rhe
Pall-ofr Mdgneti. Goages are- slso based on magletic ottraction
the field os a rough
unaerlvinisteei T'hey are primarily intended for use itr
r";J"-i" i"..1"" it tl" coating iJ withh lhe thickness specification'
eod of the
To take a Drealtutetneot with a pull-ofr gauge,. tbe
sauee is glaced verticslly otr the surface of the coahtrg l he gaxg9
-magtret lli otawn
the scale al tne low-
iwiv. rbue extendi4 a spring Tbe reading ts taken on-
cootcd sutbce tselote eac! use'
est poiat wbere the oagler brcak fiom tbe
carefirllv inspected for din'
tlT'Ji"i-"i-rlt-"ilp"a magnet should bewear' war-otr the mggDet will
il"i-*;iffG, al'kv panifiln and tip
or a purl-ou gaugp Is
alter $e cal-ibration of the gauge. The b?ical accutacy
gaugp is usd wrthll a true verucat
Dlus or Bitrus 15 petcetrt. prcvided the
iiil".lr* g""g! is usd'in u horizootal or overhead position' more ermr
will be inhercnt
gauge has othet disrd-
Besides accuracy limiations, the pull-off type
thickneis as the mag-
vantages: the i$pecior's sye must record the cooting
n.t
--]*aGaks a*"v from tbe coating, ald enoneous teadi-ogs will result if the
i. ultoui"a to over the coatilg grior to breaksway
"lide
Another type of Sauge is ao ectotic lt'"f""""
t giqi3:Tf .:
magnetic nansducer ro t"*]: S:^tj*1"^:.5
:,fi[f t;;;"'l'';T;tr"
".i"*""i,r'.p"*"",i frou" ru'"Pa r i"'ryryd,ry-T, to the dis-
;#"i:"J;;;:i;,p"; Jlni do'ti" piot" ii proportional 9".::11""1
AMER|a\N CALVANtzERs AssoclArloN
J nacc of seoraiq ar4 therfqrr, to costilg thichs$
'Ite probc sigDsl is
.EDlifiod ;d ditpl4.d to show costitrS lhich6s. Tbese batE y--pow'd
ingiruncns lcve typical eccurscig ofplus ot Einus 5 perceft a lhlv'tie
' rdv8lta8e of notrlquidlg recslibr8tiolwi$ probo oriefianoD'
To svoid possibl 8or|rcs of (rof itr th use of osgletic ilstrulrtetrtl'
ccrtEi! precstdi@s shorld b tako;
. Follow th mamlfrln ter's ilstrug'tiotrs' The iDstrumeDt should b te-
agailst lo!-magrctic film stsdsrds of how!
i"irrry ;:dtU*a
thickncss
the
Nwer eNso8e 8try Esg!tic gaugo to stsoog AC-or DC fieldt becsuse
r4g!a riitt ot"ig", afr""tiog lbe cslibtdioo of the gtwe'
The bose steel rhould be bocked W wifr similr Esierial
ifthilaer th8tr
ff;;tA 6tiG;]- the Ergretic 8arye' or lhe ilsEunnt should be
recolibrated on s substrate of simihr thicknes'
Resditrgs should trot be takeo neat an edge, holg or inside
comer'
'
. Rladbgs should rct be take! od curved surfacc without
proprr
rcolibrstion.
. Th tst sur&ce should be free tjom di't' grcsse, oxides aod corro-
sior producb.
. Teet poitrts should be chosen to svoid obvious peeks or ittegulari-
tios il the coating.
. A sufficient truntter of readiags should be takeD to obrah a rue
ov68ge.
ASTM E 3?6 o<l CSA G l6,fM Fovide Suidance for use ofthese
instruEelts 8d ftrtors affcting their acluracy'
.'--mfi
Mcbllaprsphic Examirslio n
,[" coathg microsmrcture and thicloess are of
"uf"-it"a
ioterest, microsiopic examiootiotr is a reliable tool This very accurate
to"tioJ*o o ,.iU ootisbed atrd elched cross-sectiod.spcimJtr ofthe
;;;;;;*;p.vide -information
about th"
Tlf
i:,g.:y-:f :'^:11^"
;ily-;t '!" t*' zi.ocortr'*
-rove's PT *@1T- 9:,411-f-::*l*
il;i,#;di*d;;s* article' coatiogaI1 1at'p*i':T
teclnicr;e T"-Y1tred":
Pry"id"d.i1v,i!![T
iili,t*n"JilJ
g"-r"itlr"tt Ficr:n:q
i" ii,"t rt-rud""i * does trot itrdicar;the vadation ia coathg distribu-
iL of specimeos io
it is Eecessary to exrmitre r nunber
ii'on oo
"tti"i",
-i .*titg thickaess ou the galvaoized article'
da'ot-ii.-tt
"t"i,tg"
Conrtt.tc Aonenencr
: The hotdip galvadzed coethg should be sufEciently
adberent to with-
,r"iTriiiirJ"il"i*dt with the-nature ald rhe thichess of the coatitrg iD
urithout peeling or flaking Bendirg or fornhg'
iil"f *" o[,ft" *i"le.after
otler rhaa sraigntening hotdip galvadzing' ate ool coDslderco io De
nolmd handlirg.
Wlen cenai.o gades of steels or very hearry-steel t:""".* "f gill:
nized, thicker-than--no'mar coati.ngs'll"iili';JTrtill",lT,ff.,lJi.i
control over this because lhese thicker
ii"rni*r ."rnp*i,i- or r}e longer imrneni-on time requited for massive
it rnt. i"nw i!"f"*;"d coaiings ate more brittle than thln coafings: come-

AMERT(AN CALVANIz[Rs ASsocLArloN

 quently, apliction 8trd hts[Dlttsti@.of
fie strdsrd sdhert,Dce bst must tarc tna
iDto accouat.

TESTNG FoR ADHERENCE

Orc method is recogsiad et bstiDg
gafvaaized cortinp br .dhsion: fre 8br.d
kift trst Wbitc it is Dot s lrus oea8|rQ of
fre adbivo srcnglh of th mdrlhagic8l
booding of thc galwnizcd qttilS to- +"
he steal it 8de5 aE 8l! ulocgtql or ore
adhcnnce prqenieo ofthc costilg.
This siEDlc but cffGtive bst i8 cor-
dEtcd by dng thc golvraized coting
with the tip of a shstp hi&. Co!8idc|r8ble
rrEsurr ir exerted i! I m0.otr.|r tetrditr8 to rNrlove I pqtiotr of tbc Cva-
iized coerbg. If the coathg flales ofrc dirbondE i! edv.Ee of the hife
ooirt it is tr;-odhErsrt Iftho coaring sepcaes al tho poitrt it is adheN'lt'
heooval of soall oonicles of codi4I tu not coosiderd frihEe This tst is
deariled itr ASTM A l23 and A 153' strd i! CSA C t6/LM.

APPEAMNCE
The abilitv ofa ralvstrized coatilg b Bet its priEsry objective ofpro-
.,idinc comsion orq[ectiotr sbould b the chiefcritT ia il evaluatiog its over-
dl a;oe3larce io aa..dlioiog its suitsbility. The basic fitrish rcqune-
"ia
meri'of Se calwtrized coatitrg sre that it be telatively sEoot\ cotrtrouous
an<t free toi gross surface loperfectloos. Suoothness is on anbiguous
ieno; the Eodr;'s erd use ousi be 6e daermining frctd itr sttitrg toler-
alces for smoolhrcss. The galvadzed coatinS should be continrous to pm-
vide optiEuD corrosion protection.
Hadtitg tech ques for galveni"ing may require 9:.* -of
chair stioes]wire or ;ther holding dwices to lowe| Dslerial bto fte
sslvanizi;c kettle, ifsuitrble lifthg fatures st not avaihble otr the
it".. Cluiis, wires aod special jigs used !o hrodle tbe items Day
leave a m,atk otr the galvadzed item. These Eatk are not trgcessar_
ily detimental to thJcooti.oS, lor are they csuse fm rcjection unless
dw hove eposed the base oetql. If comidcred rccessary' these
odsial be'easilv toucbed up using the procedrrcs described il
ASTM A 780.
Difrrreoces h the lustef and color ofgalvadzed coathgs do trot
siEificartly afrect cotrocioD resistance. The presnce or absence of
so-aacle has oo affect on coatiog performaace. The well_laown
i*it"a "fot found on gahanized produc6 is a crystslli"dio!
omc&s thar is dependent upon the zilc bath chefiisrry. tie rate of
ooolirg, the method ofpictliag the steel cbemisFy, aod the thick-
oess olthe cooting. Dull gray o.gE chy. mqjlp Eav esl\4roizd cqg!-..
i-ogs give a service life e{iral to bright or spugleg c{".9_F;s9,". g9-.,
siinrice life depends on tbe zioc coat$g thlcklre$. Yanaqons rn
coathq apperrasce or finish are import"ot only to the dxteiii thst they \'vill
afrect ionosion perfonnance or lhe intended use of tbe article The primary
firnctioa of the galvaoized coating is corosion plotechon'

AM[Rlc,{N CArvANlzERs ASSoclAnoN

Pnr- GArvaNzrnc CoNsuLTAT|oN
High quslity Cv8lizilg begir o tbe dawiag Fd yh*"-t." 5Y*
tion rires on 6e advisability of gslv8liziry a c,rt8ltr weld r!&Enal, rllm-
cati@ or stgel type, cesult tic S8lvadzer. Tho AGA publicdi@ Ihe D4i8t
of Fl|odluca lo be Hot-Dtp Galvatuet Afet Forilcatiot desc{|bs u celall
povco mclhods of schit;viry a high d ity Cv8dzed coetiry
- bcfore
dvsoidDg.
CoEluhrri6 attt@g the dsi8Er, hbricator lrrd gatvaoizet is deeirable
d 8[ 8togps i! lbc &siSE rd &bdcation Foccss. Mosl ofthe issues dclrcc
srd oo6i!d itr this publicatim co be avoided by the involved patti8 die
cussitri ihe pmdrct *fore it srrives sr thc gshcuizitrg pl8!t

VtsuAL INsPEcfloN GUtDE

Ban Spot
Be&urc of zinc's sscrifici.l 8ctiotr, snsll localizcd llsws 8re soEewlst
self-blilq aid hsve tirde eftc{ @ 6e servicc life of the c!di[g' w]ere
coorirfered-mcossay, $eh 3pot8 msy be repsired using otre-of tie Epdir
merhods ildicrted ilt ASTM A 780. Any ulJtpltable, utrcoated arEa! smulo
be rjeatd Some of the causes of barE spots on galvtorzec $oel are
dcriM bolow.
Inadequate Suriace Prcpardriar - Tborough prepontio! of tie steel is
gcale' or
lhe foutrddiotr ofgood gatvsoi'ing. Reloll.trts ofpqilt, oil' gre$,
nlst d th mogt coDDo! causes of rmcoated spoa. Such Esldues ae oot
\"etted by the Eolictr zinc and, thereforc, prevent trotilal coalilg ttactrotrs'
wddiag Slqg - SIsg dqosits fiom welding are resistatt to oorrool pick-
gal-
litrs dcids atrd 6ust btoqletely rcEoved beforc the wor* etrters the
;;;;;;. c,ntdltc it grli-lt-a-un"tiog strooglv rocomtlrdded
for dis-pinpce aod ore more effective thau "t"
haod-chippitrg 8!d wu-brusr-
iag. Thi rcooval of weldilg slag is te frtricator's respotrlrb lty' uoress
other afiatrgeDe s have beel Eade.
Rolling Delects in Srcel - These deftcts may be broadly ctassified 85 dis-
cootiruities inlhe steel lhat hsve betr closed atrd elongated- duriog rollltrg
but hove Dot bondcd. ExaDPles are lasiDatiotrs. laps atrd lolds' atro
lotr-
rtre{rllic iDDurities rolled itto metal surfa4$. Defects ottbis type are some-
times detoaed before or ofter pickling, but may lot becoEe apporeEr uatl
oDercd by the heat ofthe gslv.nizi.og bath- Minor llsws iD the stel
may oe
#"t"d'Uy rocal smirg. but little-tclamdiotr is possible wh6e the steel
$rrhce is seriously defctive.
Sanl Emhedded in Caslings - This condition can result itr localized bdre
areas. Since sand ald other surface inclusiotrs are oot rcmoved by
cotrvtr_
tlo*i *iO pi"*fug, abrasive cleoning i5 gsnetally requi'ed to provide.a
cleetr gutfdce for galvotizilg csslilgs. This abrasive cle3 !g ts 9?lcltlly
done at the bundry before tbe parts arc seot to the galvamzer'
Oxili;ed Steet - lfthe time betwen fluxiog atrd galvedzing is-pro-
looged or the dtvhg temper"fltwe is too high' the corrosiotr prctectotr
dlom-
itc ct"anea itoj Uv i preflux may be los. Ttis is indicated by a rusty
;";;;;
"a iil;;"i*'ioit"d nttiil". th" oppearance of the galvaoized
is ti-it"t io cases. to tbat resulting from under-pleperatlcn
"ontio" "irre6e
Ef,c"ss ,lluntinu^ '
Acooditiol sometimes refened to as "black spots"
."v oaa* if tn" coDtent of a galvanizing bath on whicb a flux
"f,-inuE
AMER|CAN GAlvANtzERs AssocAnoN
blolkt i8 usGd bcme8 too high MiniDul louble cho d be reqioced-if
Ai .-tc"t of rhe bsth is trsidircd bclow appoxinalely 0'01
"Uir,-
penc.t, *lict i" t"tt sbove thc r8!gp trG.dld to briSltEn lhe c8titr&
Articlet in Conla.t -Tle zinc in tho grlvadzing bsth Bhould hsve ftee
sccss b sll Dsrb of the surhce. Articles eutoing aDd passiDg lhougb
tle
gslvsoiziq beth should trot be i! tight coltc{ with each oher.
Gcnaul Ro,//chr'ss
A rtnrlfi o;iilg is ususty carsed by excessive growth or uDevrdlcsE of
-hven. This cmditiotr is atiributable to the stoel's chqricsl cm-
the ollov
tho olloy
eoitioi or lts origiaet gurfrce condition. Sirce the inegutrity of ee usldry
lavcrs teodg io iDctets with thch thickDess, hcow codtrgs
r-Oea t- litbEr 6es. Whcre o heavy cctiag E$rlts' soo' &gtg of
rou-rhness msv-b" uo"toidsble. Th importslc.c sttrcbd to surfrce rougn-
o;-"-io *iitn o" -t t" of lhe prodrct For c{,tt8in dtictes, such rs tub
*li"l ale sold largcly oa th btsis of viotsl .pptl' soooli
'
"ra-oi*. nrv be essdtisl A.lso, wtcre oae gurbcc ig rcquittd to nat
md{itr;
*iiih mothe.. such as pole litre insulstoi caps, a rough cootilg Esy be dtri-
metrtol to lhe tteoaot proauct fimaiol or assembly. Such c.3s 8re the
exc6tioD" bowvei h most ilst8trcr, tbe deSre of rcughess i5 Dot criu-
cal. imviaed it is withir rcasol aad adhesior i8 goo4 tie E8terid should b
scr.F[ed
Dr,6s honuslons
pt*" l" th" olloy that 9ettl6 to thc botbm of the zioc balh'
Dross inclusions "io"-i-o
in the coating rcsulting ftom agir.tiol ofthe drc6s lsyet ca!
grodrce surfrce prorusioos. Because dross ha8 I corrodioD iate ll$rlar to
linc;s- it has little effect on the normal life ofthe cootiag aad its presence in
tho fqrm of fEely dispe6ed pimples is lot seriously objectiolable'
Howevr. extsnsive dross inclusioos are oormdly Srounds for rejectiotr
shce they rend to olke the coatitrg morE suscptible to mectoical dsDage
aad mayiause ptmoture disoloratiofl ofth surfrce upon weatherhg'
Lumoiness cnd Rans
'Iie coatinc's sur&ce uniforEity is cortoued primrily by the dninege
of the zirc as-rbe work leaves the gslvadziog balh- A luqy ald utreven
coditrc resulb wheo the rate of withdrawal is too f88t or whetr the bath tm-
oeratu-re is mo low to allow molten zirc to dnin bsck itrto the bsth as
the
item is removed, Excessive zinc may also occw bcartse ofdelayed d@ilrge
fioE bolt holes, folds, seams a[d other Poclcts where zitrc collecb, 8trd is a
rlirect corsequetrce oi product desig!. Tbe additioul zinc,lhough wrsteftl'
is clearlv noidelrimeuial except h thoe instilces where s snooth fitrish is
essntii. A sioilar effect mav result wheD articles dE witbdrawtr in coDtscl
with each oths!.
Flux Inclasiotts
Flux inclusions occur when tbe wet gtlvabizitrg Focss is eEployed Itr
the wet Drocess. a layer of zilc-ammonium chloridc is floated otr to'p of thi
molted iinc. The uejterial to be galvanized pssss tbtough the flux iosedi-
atelv orior to iEmef,sion in the zhc barh. The flux is cdefully pushed to the
il otao for the item to be renoved- Flux inclusioDs lday origilat in
"i#
.&"fAt *"y". Stale keltle flux, for exsEple, reods to rdhete -to lhe steel
hstead of seporatilg cleanly frod tbe su'face as the wo* rs drppeo' r lus
."" *"- d"o *iIl activc flux if residual gftase, scale' or other swface
contaoinans, which resist the cleansing actiotr of the flux blanket' aI pre-
sent- lo both ilstonces, the i[clusioDs are often associated with bate spots lu
the coating. Resultitg black spots formed by the iacluded flux particles are

AJ'4ErucnN CAlv NlzEFs AssoctATloN

 dirthcuisblbla tw din 8Eub, sphsh nrrb s[d olisr less hrloful tyP.s
of sfrcc costaniutioo by $eh chrscteristic btrd.ncy to Pick rp moir-
' t'lre. Ptux dDo6it8 oickld uD frm the bsri's sutbce as the work ig wid-
anwn Oo noi wunint re.lection if thc unde yitrg cootitrg is soutrd arrd the
flu( i! rE noved
Ash lr'f,bdons
Ziac arh is the oxirte film th.t dsvelops oa lhe surfice of the Cvaniz-
inc bdl" A3 wfth nuq rsh E8v be burDt or tp sbel dniDg dippiDg or
oicked rp from the too of the both durhg withdrawsl. Ash ioclwioDs c8n
-cumbrsome
;cqtr o;wort thrr is aod requires slow witMrrwal ftoE rte
bath. This 8sh hrs ao sdvrfse eftct otr srvic life. Zinc osh thd b trot dki-
meotal to rhc Wearance of tte fuirhed grod|ct ot lhst dos trot inEfiE
with the Droducit fuDctiotr is not csuse fq Ejectiotr. Gross oxide luop6 drc
o iqmicr skimniag ofthc exit surfrce ofthe bath con reduce the cfEclive
6iclrcs8 oflhe coatitrg and rle un.ccptrble.
MstE Gnf or Mod.l Codrrg
Ttis c@diti@ devclops &triry cooliry and is crusd by lack of s fr
ziac layer on the coatilg surfrce. lt usually appeal! ss I localizd duU Ftch
or soidr wcb-lite are-e on al otherwise nortal orface, althougb in e*remc
cas& it may exend ovcr lhe emirc sur&ce of the $teel It is trot cduse for
rcjectioa udess specificaly strd ed ageed to by the galvaoizer add de
fabricator,
A motto gray costitrg is most ftequentty foutrd on heavy sectiols tbat
cool slow!, frt'l certrh-types ofsteel;$ch as lhose with relatively high sil-
icon or phogphotus cooten! or svercly cold-wotked steel all of which oay
exhibit abdormtlly rapid aUoy gowth.
Where the colditioo is caused by the natur of the b.se steel, the gtlva-
oizer hls tro control over its ocqrrrence. Gelvsdzers generally do lot hsve
trior lrowledge of a gteel's cheoical composition- A lower galvaaizing
;morsffie rld shorter iEmersion time followed (if $e type of prod]ct is
suitiblel by rapid quelching in water to arrg$t the alloy growth may be su.-
cessn il irarfiaaicases. However, guch measwes arc not always efrective
aDd mdto areas in ihe cooting may be utravoidablc

Due to the stel's chemical oatue, these coatiogs are often thicker thatr
the bright Cvaoized costhgs aod provide service life tu proponion !o the
increaid thichess. Affer erQosure, these coatitrgs Eay tnke on a light yel-
low m brown dusty apFaraace as the alloy layers weather. The appeamace
ofthis licbt residle colored by the iron content ofthe cotrosion-resrstaDt tay-
ers should not be coasidered a sign of faihne'
Rr,s,,Sairrs
These are caused by seepage ftom joinxand seaos after Srlvadzirg q
bv Eateriol being stored under ot in contact wrth ruSty steel Kust sDa Is ol
r(is woe are supJficial and shoutdnotbe coofused witl bilure of the uder-
lvins ioatine. i{us stai.ns caused by seepage from al assembly catr ildicate
oid for a modi-RcatioD ofthe design. Surface tust stai$ ale not caus lor
"
rejectiotr of the galva[ized pmduct.
Wel Soruse fuin
Wet *Jmge stain is the buildup of zinc oxide and zinc hydroxides otr tbe
the
ealvadzed surbce. As the mme iEplies, wet storage stain occurs whe-D
steel is exposed to a humid or ooist enviroDdenl witbout access tro treely
circulatiag air Tightly stacked or aested galvanized items are particulady

AMERICAN CJAIVANIZER-S ASSOC|ATION

 vulndlble to wet sbrrge strin, eAecidly if thy ar $ord a8
ulropsled hl{dles fq ms rbtr I ftw qeels.
Althouefi iu extreme cascs ib F.orcctivc vslue of the cootbg Ery
be impi#i, attack is oftefl sqerfi-oirl, dspite tte rldive bulkiless
ofthe zinc hydroxidE.
Wherc th sw&cc ssitritrg i5 liglt aod soo{ih withod Slovlh of
tle zitrc oxide lEysr, 8s judgrd by ti$dy rubbiag ffagrrtipe acrcs the
surhcc, thc srtaini4 will grrdusly dissmed a.Dd blod i! wib bc sur-
rormAiae zinc sr.nhiB as;rcsult of ncosl wedrriog in srvic If the
8f&cted-qEa ir lot fully e)qosd h sqvic qt is subjct to r hmid
cnviroune4 wa sorall steh Eust be rE|Eove4 wen if it is o4erfi-
cial. to allow formatior of rh bdsic zirc crbonrb fflE which trol-
natty conritues to te conciotr rsistslce of thc galvadzed cocilg'
Modium to heavy buil&p of wtite cqrqioo Fodrct Enst b lcooved;
othrwise, lie esseDtisl prcective film ofbacic zirc cabolates cetrtrot fttrE
ir strecti ue& righi d;positl can bG removed by btulhing wi6 a stifrbri-s-
tle (mt wL) bfusb. A coathg thichess check should bc performed otr tle
eft;cted atlrs to edgutr thst sufficiedt zilc codirrg lElurs stter t! reuovat
ofthe wt storage staul
I.tr odvooced stages of wet stotsge sraitr, the typicsl white
ot SrEy
sion grodrct dsy blscketr. whetr ftis occurs' a siglilictft aElunl or^corro-
coal-
i* li|s U""o tosi to
"o..*iou
aod the service life is rleq'sed
lo extreme cases where hesly white deposits or red tusl bave formed as
I result of ptolotrgd Stor"age utrder poor cotrditioos' cottosiotr plodrcts dust
U"-rr.ouil uo6-6" a"-iged are" repeirea es detaited in ASTM A 780'
WherE the afiectd atEa is ;xtensive' or whetr the wet storage sraitr
would
i-p"it Ge *" oftl" "tticle for its itrtended service, te-gslv!trizitrg m'y be
necessaiy.
Unless qreseDt prior to shipme Ao!0 the grh'adzet' the developmetrt
ofwer storage stain is not ctuse for rejectiotr The cr|slomer must exerElsl
j
i8n drriag n'ansportation and srorage to protect "g"i*. Y"t,tg-
proper cauuotr
ii"?i". rtr"* i"tti""to; on wet storage stsin cao be found ir dre AcA
Publication, Wet Storage \tain.

MtscELLANEous TISTS
Testing lor Chromde Finishes
In iome case's, post-galvanizitrg cbromste beafuEEts arc s?eclreo tor
the orcveotioo of wet storage stai.u. The prasence of chromde fiLtr on
the
a light yello$' hnt on
surhce ofthe galvanized coati.ng Is usually visible as
the surface.
ASTM B 201 desc'iibes a lest method for determining the pleserce of
cbromate coafltrgs.
Ernbrittleme
----i.'ltittf"^"otTesting
of g"jtaoized stcel is very mre atrd usually is th resu-lt of
usitrc hich-stretrstb steel. Tbe desiSn of the Foducl atrd slecfion ol-
tre
qdthout eobnt-
sloti stiel for its suitaUility to be hbricaEd ad gslvatrized Good.co*mu-
irff"oi tl" ,".po^ibili-ty of the designo and bbricalor
"t" can reduce ue lfieu-
Dication &mo!g the designer, fabricator and gglva zer
hood of encountering embrittlement.

AMERICAN CArvANtzERs Assocl^rloN

 A! ned i! 6e AGA publiciriq frt" Derrgz of Prod/.,b to b Hot-DiP
Galwtd Aftr Fabicaioa the hotdip galY."it"g process Produc6 Do
.siificsrt ch8!g6 in the mechaoicol prcperties oftte stuctursl steel co6-
mooly gslvotriz.d tbroughout the world"
Itr the ruE css wten emb'ritdeEetrt tlstitrg ie spcified ASTM A 143
and CSA C l6+M dsigrdc the approprim tst nethod to be usd

Toucr-r-Up AND REPAIR

Whcn is Touh-q Necscary?

Occasiordly <hirirg thc hddip Sclvanizitrg ptiocs, barE spoB 6 Eiaor
iwr&ctioDr E8y occur lhsr, if sllowed to go lm-r.pair4 w anow bosc
o&l conogior. SmetiEcs after leaving tte galvalizer's plotri, the coatilg
b droagpd &niry ship,pirg or by wclditg dring 6eld erectiq. If the ute
l' it
ofrcosvuiq i.g l& ttar or cqual o (25no) ia oanowest dimeosion
ead thc total erca ie less tira % of l7o ofthe g|rfrce srea to be costed otr tie
srticlg or 36 8qu&e itche (22,50' uD) pr totr ofpiece wsight' whiclsv-
er ir lcss, es ollowed by ASTM A 123 Sarrddd Wcifoationfor Zirt (Hot-
Db Galv@hled) Codings on Ircn ad s,eel hoduc4 the are! Eay be
rei"irea Ifte ,t* to te-npaited excecds those limits, de Esterid trust be
rc-galvanized
Sodfutuns
' Ai cited above. ASTM A mtxiEum area lhat can be
123 specifies the
reDsitd but ASTM A 780{/J Starddd Practice Ior RePan of Da'iaged d'td
IJ:ncoaed Areas of Hot- Dtp Galv@ized Coatings addresses most othet- arlrs-
relevast to repeir, ircluding prepamtion. coating thicktress' composltlotr ot
repair msteri&l aod measureEeot
Surfsce Prcoardion
-necadds
of whrt reDair method is chosen. it is criticel tltat whether
wire #ushing, ginding ci Eitd blasting is usod to prepare the areq the
Ind.nrged sulmrmditrg galvaoized otea is <tistubed as little as possrble. for
nerrly galvodzed steel, this may Eearr li8.ht wire brushing ofrhe bae arcas
and only high-FEsure water !@shing of the sultoun&Dg Salvanzec ateo-
For steel n/ilh lodg-term expocrre, the bare or damaged areas ttrAy rquu
sand blasing ad-only a mild caustic solution washing of the surrounding
galvadzed area.
Tonch-up aad Repob Methods
There arE thrce dccepted repair mthods:
. Sgayhg the bare spot or dtmaged area with metallic zhc (metallizhg),
. Amlication ofpaint containiog zitrc d!st, and
. Coating the aM area with zirc solder.

MErALLiztNc (ZlNc SPRAYINc)

Dcfrnitlorl
-Metallizing
is th meltitrg of zim powder or zinc v.irc itr a flsme or elec-
hic arc strd projectitrg fte moltetr zilc dtoplers by air or gas onto the surface
to be coated The zinc used is oomindllv 99.5% pute or btter; tbe pertor-
mance of wire versus powder is the same. zitrc_eluminum alloys can also be
used. The application equipment mdy lidit the corcentrstion of aluminum.

AMERICAN GArvANtzERs AsSoclATloN

Surftcc PrcDcrstion
Tr.ccordhi to AsTru .c ?80, tb $rrfrce !o bc rcqditimed shsl bc blsst
cLalrd to ssrc-sP5NAcE No. I wtite Eetal 8!d b tG of oil' gEase'
weld flux residue, weld sper sld conosiotr prodrc6. The blsst clcariry
mr$ extetrd itto tte 8urrounditrg usdroogEd Cvsoizod cotlitrg'
Amlbdon
-2i* -t"ti* of t clear, &v surhc by skiUd wor*en shold tate
olace as 6oa- as-oossiblo after preparstio (wirhh four hours) snd Fior to
'dcvelcpmeot
of viliblc oridEs. Spraying in hdizortsl qvtl4piry lins
viclds i nore uaiform thicbss 6str ihe ctoss+dcb irchdque' Tnc titrc
ioaio" c- be sed.d witb a thin coetiag of low vircaoity polymffaoe'
eooryihcnolic, epoxy, or viayl rtsia. Fq dcails of the opplicstiotr
sequ,iie and proc&fures, consult ANSVAWS C2.l&93.
Zir sprsyirg cs be done either in tic galvaaizert pl'trt or on thcjob
site, but 6e trrtrlport of blssti4 ord EGt8l sprayitg equiptne to.tle JoD
site Ery Eske it unecotromicsl coqard to ot.r touch-lp ed rgpar fiern-
od* If hiSb humidity conditions exist dtrirg sprqrhg; sdhesrotr Eay De
dendd
Pefo rnancz C hsndertstics
toetine Thickncsrr The renoveted da shrll hsve s zitrc co8ti[g thick-
rcss st least as thick ts that specifid i! ASTM A 123l123M for lhe thick-
aess gade for tre aopropriare msterisl crtegory. whm blast clcotrilg is trot
a"aitilte, wire UruOilg to expose barc stecl is allowed Thichess measut-
meots should be taketr witl eithet a magnetic, elecroEsSletic or eddy-6ur-
retrt gaug.
Corrosion Rcsistance: The usual crirerioo for detetEitrilg the e4cted
srvice life ofzitrc coetings is thiclness: the thicksr the coatitr& tie lolggr
tli service tifc. fns is accrptoble when co4aring coatin- gr produced by-the
sSoe Drocess. However, because zioc sprays have a cootug dEosrty le6E lbin
hotdiD erlvanizd co8titrgs, t.9 loils ofzbc ryray sre rcedd to provlite the
sase'ariount of zinc 6s i.7 mits of hot-dip galwnized coatitrg However'
perforEalce equivalency should uot be iafeced from this' Exposure coodr-
tioDs will deterDine true peatqrmance.
Cor(ing Appearanccr The surface of the sprayed zitrc coating otr thi
repair be tee oflumps' coarse areas aod loose pdticles' Touch-
"teaihouid
ui and repair by metal sprayiag of a surfoce ac! surtoudd by dvsdizd
some sFays with
fui rs nioofti* oldo delivers an exceleat colol o'tcb" galvanize4
atuminum additives may also be a good match for ocwly briebf
surhces. Uniformity of the coatiag is largcly dep<ndcot or the slcill of rhe
worker.
Adhe5io[: Adhesiotr of the zinc spray to the base metrl is by mechtni-
cal oeans atrd is depetrdetrt otr the quality ofsurface-prEparafioo.andclcatr-
i-oe. The hider the sur&ce profile. the Hter tbe llechonrcal bon(L
Aoreslotr
vaiues of lbO0 psi are typical The temperatule ofthe zhc upotr impasl with
tli Ge metat is not trigir enough to result in the alloy coating produced by
hot-dippilg. I
Abrxsiorr R,jsislrtrr1': Abmsion resistatrce of zbc spay coamgs t5
modemte compard to hot-dip gslvadzed surfaces.
l{r.\^nicai P,ooc.li{!r The relatively low teBperature of application
has no adverse effect on the steel properties Metallizing does ibptove some

AMEzuc,AN GArvANtzERs AsSocLATlol.l

 1 prc,pertics srfi as srrhce iictiond co.ffcistris aod conciol btiguc resis-
talce.
' Higr Tecrperaturei Sprryed zilc coatings are zuitable fcr coogoat
expolrs tp to oppmximately 3$ F (200 C) and short-terB exposurp 8t
higbqr tedFraltlEs.

ZrNc-RtcH PA|NT At PLtcATtoN

Dcfrntun
-
Touch-rp using zirc-rich poilt is he spray or bru8h spplic{tiotr of I zilc
aad urually organic bidcr pre-mix to & clee, dry sbel slfice ziDc dtEt
-lzz. Eus cortai! blweeNr 650/o
paira d'
69fh a\c W wsiSlt ot grEstr il-
ncrrauic ziac ir ary film Pahts codioing zirc d|st clsssifiedrs
're
orrgaaic c inor$dc, depeadiag or rb bildr. Inotglnic bitdcrs dr pctic-
ulody suibble for poitrts eplied in touch-up applicetioN aroqrd 8od qv,r
*dnrgld hot{ip Cv.rlized ane.s,
SarfouWtt
lcco,rtiag to mfU I 780, tbe swfoce to b Fcotrditio!d sb8n b. blast
cleo$d io SSrc-SPI0/NACE No. 2 lear whit Eetel for iED'siotr sFpli-
csii@s ald SSrc-SPll balr Dstrl for less aggressivc ficld conditiols.
When bltstiig or pos,e. tool cleahg is not practid hand tools nsy be
/\ usd to cleoo aros to b recotrditiorcd. I! 8ll clss, lhe $lrfrce Eust be dry'
fiee of oil, gease, weld flurq Feexisting psiot rlld corosion bDroducb.
The blsst cleaniDS ftust e)deud itrto 6e sEroutrding udsolged gdvsdzed
cootilg.
Alylicdon
Paha codailiag zinc drrst nay bc sPPtied by brush or spmy otr a clar!
dry srr&ce by skilled wotkels. Pahting sbould tale plece rs sootr as po6sF
ble affer prpdtatiotr rtrd prior to developEdt ofvisible oxids. Sprsytlg or
hushug'sbduH b itr o singte applicatioo of multiple passs Pcotdirg to the
Daht Dalu&cfurer's qtrittgtr iostructioDs. Proper cutttrg ol the rcparoc da
uust occut bcfore fte orticle is letumed to service. Zhc poilrtitrg cstr be
dooe il the galvslizt's plsot or otr the job site aud is the easiest repau
metho<t m afrly because-limited equipmenr h required.. lf high humidity
asd/or low temper!tute cotrditions exist during zitc pamtuE' adtreslon may
be advcrsely afreaed
Perlormalce
-Corting Chaructedsttcs
Thickncss: Th lpnovad ar& shall hove a zirlc coating thick-
rcss of l5Flo offi&t specified hASTM A 123 for the thiclaess grade for
lhe appropristc m8tErial catcgcy, but not uorE tbalr 4 mils. Thicl ess 4e8-
sure;etrti should b t ketr with eittrer a magnetic, electromagnetic or eddy-
cuffeff gauge.
Corrosion Rcsistatrce: Zinc-ricb pahts iootain gre{teribatr 65% ziDc i-o
the rby filo conditiotr. High cotrcentatioos of zhc may provide cathodic
potcctioo i! additiotr to barrier protectioa. Exposure cotrditions will deter.-
mine kue costing corrosion protecion
-orggnic
performsDce. IrcBanic zilc-ricb
pli-ots are more eFective rhar i-a terms of delivedlg corrosiou Pro-
lecttotl.
Coating Appclra'rr'rj: Tbe srr&ce of l-he painted coating on thre repoir
area should be ftee of lumpq coarse areas and loose psrticles. Touch-rp- aD4
reoait materials are fomuiated to deliver at excellent color match fqr both
n&ly galvanized, bright finish costings and for matte gray, aged galvanized

AMEUCAN CArv NtzERs AssoclATloN

c6tiur. Incgroic zitrc-dch coatirys do trot shrilk Eoer &ying/c'uriry.88
onsri; codids Ttis is o mrjq sdvatrgr wheo the costitrg is lpplied to
do.
cJaers. edrcs-cud much surhcs. Howevr, $hetr isrgrtric cstilgs arc
aDpliadtoo-thickly, mud-cmckiag Eay occur. Unibraity of the coltrng a
ls4oly dpodetrt or tbe skill of rbe workr.
Adbsion: Bond stt[gth for paitrts conisitritrg zilc drst 0r oo the ordef,
ofa fcw hun&td psi. Adh*iotr of6e peitrt is lsdBly I ftocti@ ofthc ctee-
lines ofthr sd;c bcbg rcpoired There is oo rlloyilg sto applyhg the
psirq &e bord is siDPlY ne.hrlrical.
Abrasion Rcsistrncc: Abnsiotr tesistuce of zitrc-Godtsini4 poiDf coot-
ings is ninim"l c@{'a!d to botdip grlvslized sureces. Thc linited <ttctil-
itv of pahts cotahiag zhc dlst gives thcE For iEpor tE8i8t8!c'
Mechanicll Propcrties: Some paints contsiBiDg zitrc C"t pryYF
ooush fictioD rsisis[oe to allow theD to be usd o! fry|lg $mhce8' oerv-
6ira-s coefficicDt of fric,tiotr qual to or grEar.r t|rm the 0'5 vslur$ obbmd
by satr&lasting steel $rrf8c:r.
Hiqh Tempcralurei lnolgrlic coadDgs Fovide effctive srvice.st tem-
oeratures uo to ?00 F (3?0 C). Or8anic zi[c-rich psilts do trot have
the lEm-
'ocrature
reiigtence of ilorg ic zilc-rich paiDrs ond ate limited to srvrce
irDperrtures of200 to 300 F (90 to 150 C).

SoloentNc wtrH ZlNc-BASED ALLoYS

D.firrtlon
- -'iffioion *ith tio"-based allovs is defined as applying zinc slloy itr stick
or oowde.l folrm to tbe area to be r@aired that has beetr preheated to approx-
imatelv 600 F I 5 C). CommoD soldffs used for epair iDclude z|nc-hn-leao'
(3
zhc-cadmiun 8ad zitrc-tia<oper alloys.
Sarfacc Pteocration
',qccora;ril m lSru I
?80, the surface to be recotrditioned sholl be wte-
lidiv sou or dild blest cles.ned All weld flux sod sprttet must
* rc.o'fr ti -.*l-ical
bnrshed-
oethods if wte brushiog or light blastitrg are
ih
hadequate. The cleaned ares should be prebeated to 500 F (315 C) aad at
same ime wire brushed Care should be exerciscd to oot bnrtr tbe sulrouad-
iog g8lvadzed coatilrg.
Anolboion
-
--dotaets are most difrculr of the tke repsir methods to spply Cautiotr
te
must be t8kgtr wbile hesting the bal spot to preve[t oxidizitrg tbe-exposed
steel or dlmrciry the surroutrding Sdlvadzed coatiDg. Because sohsrs are
molren whetr iD9-lied, resultant coatingr arc hhere ly rhio- When fie rcpau
las been compiite4 remove 6e flux residue by rinsinS with watet or wrptog
with a drm cioth. Solders de typicolb not ecotrooically surted tot touch-up
oii"*"d*G"u* of the ti;e irv;hed in the process and bcause heot-
ing laige areas to the saoe tsnperatue i5 vEry difficult'
Petormance Characterktics
- -iCo"tiite 'ilti"Ln"ts:
The renovoted area shall hove a zinc coating thick-
gsde
o"el oti"""T * .u.l o that slecified h ASTM A 123 for the thiclcrc*s
i-G ipp.pt"t" material ;ategory, but not dore Saq 4 Eils ThickDess

-"".r*i'"oti should be taken *itb eirher a mognetic, elecEoEagnetic or

consrs-
eddy-cunent gauge. Operator skill is particulsrly impofiitrt to eosure
tent coathg thicloess across the repar atea'

A/MERIc\N CAIVANlzERS AssoclATtoN

 corrosioo Resistlocci Bca$e of lhe rlstively
\in filh of zioc rhrt
css be ryplic4 loog-Erm perforDrtrce tess of zinc'b.sd soldcrs indice
rhev do dc D.rfttrm $ well as nenllizing ot poiltilg witb zitrc. SoDe
cadodicaadlrrier prqtection is prwiddfby solrters.
Coatirg Appedraoco: ff solder EEterirl cheoisky is-chosen to matrh
the g8lvarizcd fury, soldrs c8! dlivd a Yery good color u3tch.
Adhesio : Bccausc tlele i8 hcarhg ofth sutft to be repoired to-600
F (315 C) therc Ery be soE altoy layer devclopment betwtr the boEe
maal md the zinc. Thus, boDd sEelgih for soldeE i8 very good
Ab.asion Resistlnce: Based cm tsB pedotmed rcclrdiry to ASTM D
968 Deteniiadion of Abraion Retistatt@ by the Fa ing W !'kry
a.brasioa reoistance oi soklrs is minim'l cotnp(d to hotdip Cvrdzed
$r&ces and cvro metallird surfrces.
Mech4bic{t Prope.tics: Solder Errriats have little or no eftct otr th
mechadcal rwerti& of the urdlrlyitrg steel. Soldes it geoenl hle r
smooth srrfrce-and vety low coefficietrts of frictiotr so lhery should trot be
usd ilt the atea of fiyiIrg surhces.
Hieh Tcmpereture: Solders cal withstand co!8taot tempelatwe expo-
sure of"opproximaely 550 F (285 C); lhe $nounditrS ClT-4^tlqel":*:
ing perforDs well otrly to consta.ot bopsfature exPosuF ot aDoul J) ', I (zr'r'
c).
Repab Ltrelhod Se lcc tio n Corurnnertvr PERFQRMANcE RATINGS
Consldcrstions Of REFAIR METHODS
Performaltce: The touch-
up a[d npair method chosefl Metatltzing I anc Dust lzinc-based
should b made after coasider-
itrg the spcific Equirements Corroslon protectlon
of tbe rgplication and the per- Banler
formance characleristics of
Cathodlc
each of the thrce touch-up
methods. Corrosiotr Prckction
should olways be lhe Prim8ry
consideratiotr, but csttsin uses
aod colditiotrs nay wafiaot
selectioa on the bosis ofole of
the other performance chsrsc_
tensueS, EcoNoMrc EVALUATIoN o[ Rtpntn Mrrtous
E{onomics: Th locstion znc Dust Znc-based
Metalllzing
of tle article to be Epaired 6e
size of tie 6re. end lhe skill
level of the repair labor are the
tbre primsry determiDa s for
ecooomic consideration.

low Investment
medlum investment
hlgh investment

,\VERICTN C lv NlzERs ,45so( lATloN

,4ttr a90 Tert Mthod fc Weight of CodiDg otr Zile'Coed
(Grlvanizeo Iron qr Seel Articles
A T23 iio. lttot-Oip\4"-izd) Costitrgs of Iron 81d
'ISTM Sie.l Pm&cts
,11;7W./l 113 Praaice for Sofeguaidiry AgaiDst EEbrifilorat of
Hot Dip Grlvadzed Stuchral Steel Prodlcts ad
Procedr for Ibctiog Etlbtisle,Ectrt
ASTttr A 153 zitrc Cooriry Gtd Db) 6 Irq od &cl H!rdw!t!
Asiraf A 325 Hirh-Strenflh Bolts for Strucord Stel Joilts'
IDc-Mia8 Suitrblc Nuts 8td Plsb Hrtdrotd W'sh![s
,$;rM a 384 RcoErnDdd Prsrtice fur SeftSuEdittg AgEi!8t
Watpage srd Distodion Duriag Hot Dip G&lvadzilg
of S'tel AsseDblis
llttTr A i85 Recommcrdd Pnctice for Providhg High Quality
zho c@lilgs (Hot Db) o! Alssrbled Mrcts
/lsTt' /
391 Steel TraDsEissiotr Towcr Bols
ASTrr[ A 767 Zirc Corted (Gslv8trizd) Steel B.rs for CorcrEto
Rinforcemeot
ASTTI A 780 Pnctice for Rpoir of DaDrged Hot-Dip G'lvodzed
Costitrgr
ASTM B 6 Zinc Meld (SLb Zinc)
ASTM C 633 Stadatd Tst Melhod for Adhsiotr or Coh$ive
Strength of Flame-Sprayed CootitrSs
ASTM D 968 Oetermination of At'rasion Re6istaoce of Paint by
Falins Sand Method
ASTM E 376 RecoJmended Practice of Measuring Coating
Thickness by Magnetic-Field or Eddy-Curnt
(Elctromlgletic) Tst Methods

G 4AE' Sr ctunl Steel Wilh ImproYed Resistafte to Brittle

Fractwe
G 4t112' GenEral PurPose Structual Steel
Gene|al RequireEents for Rolled or Welded
Structural qtality Stel
c 164 Gahanizhg of Irregiody Shaped Articles
40.2UG 4421
'SwefI;ectrdbY G

The Desb,t of Ptodxca to be Hot-Db Gtlwtizd Afret Fabticstion

A.mrican Calvanizers Associatioo, Auror"a' Colo '
2000
Recommerrded Det4tk tor Golvanizfd Snac'urcs
Amican Galvalizen Associatioo' Auora' Colo ' 1984

Weldinc Gdvaaiud Suel

Americao Calvanizers Association' Aurora' Colo ' 1992
Wet Storog. Staia
American Calvanizers Associatio!' Aurora' Colo l997
A Co porison of Touch-up Materials for Galvanized Ptudacts
A Commco study

,dvERrc\N GarvANlztRs AssoclATloN

 t,t'(i;t)Jl AGAI/,-.
f
',,,tlt,tnt:rt: 11
.| \)t'Ltttl tt)n
\
688I south llolly cinle'^ Suite 108
Englewoo4 Colorado 8011?
720.554.0900
720.554.0909
c-mailr aga@galvanizert org

O2OO I AMER|cA GAlvANrzER5 AssoclArloN

Touch-Up and RePair
of Galvanized Steel
al a ta a a lt t l a a a a l a a t a a a a ll "' f i t lt lt t' o lt ..'
"'

2001 Product SuPPliers

American Galvanizers Association

6881 South Holly Circle, Suite 108
Englewood, Colorado 801 12
Tel:720.554.0900 :i
Fax: 720.554.9090
www.galvanizeit.org
.: Touch-UP and RePair of
Galvanized Steel
2001 Product SuPPliers
th baniar and-cathodic
Ong of the greatst benofts of hot{ip galvanizing is
protction afbrdd b the stt. Smatt s;6!i in Ar" g;toni."d surface-prsent litde
;;;;il ; ur; .in" *irr i'."i to ue pretereritiattv con msd' k$pinsthgben
"rr*
undetlying sto6t ru8t-fia. no*"""r, -". f"tsu portions oi the zinc coa0ng-hava
importanl to
i"i#J'.ri,J t" o"iing, welding, tranfrrtinlioi con*uaion mishap' lfs
roair or buctluo the damaged sc{lon'
can-b complot-
Toudlup and tpair of gatvanazed st6el, to meet ASTM A 780'
diffslnt ways, inctuoing Js-Jot-ti*-ti"n
p"int' lnc sold-ts- .ard/or zinc
sd in 8evsral
il'"iiiririi ji"-iili'ot suipii"ts p.io"s iniormation about com.pani66 with t'oucrFup
producl iniormation'
;il;;;;;&"b. inai"iiuat cimpaniet JouH be contacled for
suppliers' matarial
Inclusion of a supplisr on this list does not indicate that
that matedal.suppli6d by a
mb ASTM A 780. omission from this list does not mean
;;;;;;; ;;""i esrM n zeo. Efiorts hav been made io proride a compre
tr"nii"" tist. but qualifiod supplisrs may have baen inadvertenty omiltod'
not endorsany listed suP
The American Galvanizers Association (AGA) dos
by th6.AGA- No war-
ptier. NoGc ttave oeen pstformed on the supplirs' matslials
by th.AGA' The
iiiV .. tii of the product tor gatvanizing repair is mads
material Us of the infor'
is provided as a set,ce to i'e user of-gatvanizeo
iniotmation "tt"oir,av
*"til" f" ftt to the discrtion of the consumer or specifier'
""ti[iv

Note: companies listed with the AGA logo F t"tb"o'

"'e 'qea

O 2001 American Galvanizers Association

 Duncan Gatvenidng CotD.
Zinc-Rich Paints 6taRP
l+ 69 Noman Ste6t
Ev6rst, MA 02149
All-56 Weldng Products
Tel: 61 7.389.8440
Ar,.stalr GaiiDr,br Sptay
Fa)c 617.389.28i|1
5'112 Alladal Lano
www.duncangalvanizing.com
Po Box 600
Taneybwn, MD 2'1787
Tal: 80023:1.7070 Intomadonel Probcdv. Coatinos
vrurv.6ab.corn lnletzinc 31 5
htetzinc 52
6001 Ankins
Benlamln [oort & Co.
Horrdon, TX 77091
lnoenic Znc Pdn16/r M01|MO2
Tf: 800.589.1267 or 713.68,2-171'
Aty c Me//l tutmer. MU Fax 713.684.'1514
Epory Zinc-Rlch Pdmer CM18|CM19
www.intemational-Dc,com
5'l Chestnut Ridge Rd.
Montvale. NJ 07645
Dsalsr locator #: 800.826'2623 Keebr & Long
/^ Anodic Setf-PdminS Gatuanizing Gnv
wrYw.bnjaminmoore.@m
Paint #K144An
Kdoane Zinc Rich Pdmer # 9700
Brfta Produc-ts
Ono PPG Place
&lle Zinc
Pittsburgh, PA 15272
14650 Dequindre
Tel: 800.238.8596 or 888.774.1010
Datroit, Ml ,18212
Tecfi Tet 800.,141.9695
Tel: 313.885./t38o
Fax 800.622.8313
Fax 313.883.4930 wwr.v.ppg.com
wwwbritaoroducts.com

CrC Industtial Supplles & Service

Valspar Corp.
Nubelar
qlcatua Btight Preniun *7707, Cold
(+ Gatvminng Comqound #7007 347 Cental Ave.
Bowling Gr66n, KY 42101
13lI28th St. South f eL E@-762.2626
Birmingham, AL 3520$1841
Fax 270.746.6815
- T6l: 800.259.'1813 or 205.328.2001 www.valsoar.@m
Fax 205.328.2004
www.ccindus{rial.com
Orb Industira8, Inc
Otb Cold Galvanizing SPraY
Diamond-Vogol Paint
{t2 Racs Stseet
10152 MaDle St.
Udand, PA 19015
omaha, NE 68134
Tel: 610.874.2537
fel 402-571-1872 Fax: 610.878.8280
www.diamondvogel.com
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.PPG Indrrrbls,
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Zinc-Rich Solders
High g[d8 $orY Zinc Rbh
Md*bONEAC Allstlt Woldhg
M,',t &l0o' Arr-S8dt @tov?r
U,*tarcZtrrc Low-Ten P Gatuanizing Rd
On PPG Placs 5112 Allon(ble tana
Pitbburgh, PA 1522 Taneybwn, MD 21787
Td: 8m.4t1.9@5 Tel: 800.23$7070
Fax 412./134.3901 wrvw,sab.com
vrYrrv.ppgaf.com
Bolmont l.talt
Sh.rwln Uflllams Galvanizi,g &lder
Anc Clad 3il0 Blmont Av6.
101 PtBPoct Ave. Nw BrEklyn, t{Y 11207
Cbvdand. OH '14'l15 Tel: 71 8.342.4900
Td: 216.566'2000 or 800.321.8194 Fax.718-142-0175
Fax 216'566.1660 www.belmontmtals.com
wwwshenvin-williamS.com
cominco, Ltd.
Vohht & Schmitr3r, Inc. 6>Galvacuat
q>Lz@ Acontaa; John Maiuno (6xt.251)
S 10CE Buckeyo Park Rd. 2380 Spgakman Dr. Shoridan Park
Columh.is, OH 207 Missi6sauga, ON
T6l: 614.44i|.4621 Canada M5H 1Tl
Fax 614.443.6375 'lel;.@5.8?2'2OD
www.ho$iPgalvanizing.com Fax 905.82.2882
Also Distributed at
zRC Worldudde San Oiego Galvanizing
ZRc! Cdd Galvanizing comqound 3586 Delbsrgia St.
'145 EntrDriss Dr. San Diego, CA 921 13
Marshfiold, MA 02050 Tel: 619.233.4763
Tel: 800.831.3275 or 781.319.0400 Fax 619.233.1401
Fax 781.319.0404 www.cominco.com
E-mail: info@r6.vorldwide. com
r,Yr,wr.zrcvroddiide.com Kapp Alloy & W'rr?, Inc.
Kapp #7 Galvanizing Rod
P.O. Box 1188
Oil City, PA 16301
Tel: 814.676.0613
Fax: 814.676.5565
www.kappalloy.com
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Itlnorll RosaaEh A Dgv.loPmant
6)One Woodlawn Gren' Sto' 250
A chanoua, Nc 28211
Tel: 800.994.0417
Far;701.572.a?32
www.mnlc.com

Notrrda lottllu|gY' Ina.

rD181 BaY St, Sta. 4100
a+ P.O. Bq 755
Torcnlo, ON
Cana& M5, 2T3
Tet 416.9@.71 11
Fax 4'l 6.982.3521
\,'rv .noranda.com

Sherwln Wlliamg
Znc Cta.. Cokt Gatoanizing @mqund
lol PrGPact Av6. NW
Clsvaland, OH 44115
Tel: 216.566.20@ or 800 321'8194
Fax 216.566.1660
www.sherwin-williams.com

Zaclon, Inc.
zaclon Galvanizing Reqair Rod
2981 IndPend6nce Rd'
Cleveland, OH 44115
Tel: 800.358.7327
Fax:219'n1.'1792
www:aclon com

ZRC Wotldtvidt
zfrco Cold Galvanizing Conqound
145 EnterpnEe Dr.
Marshfield, MA 02050
Tel: 8@.831.3275 or 781 319 0400
Fax 781.319.0404
E-mail: info@zrcworldwide com
www.zfcwoddlvide com