Unit 08 March

1. FRACTION, DECIMAL AND PERCENTAGE EQUIVALENTS.

All these amounts show part of a whole:

; . ; %

A Percentage is a fraction written as a number of parts per 100.

37 154
37% = ; 154% =
100 100

You should be able to convert between fractions, decimals and percentages:

Using Place Value:

37
37% = = 0.37
100
Cancelling fractions:
75 3
75% = =
100 4
Finding an equivalent fraction:
2 40
= = 40%
5 100
By dividing the numerator by the denominator of a fraction:
2
= 2 5 = 0.4
5

Once you change a fraction to a decimal you can easily convert it to a

percentage. You just multiply the decimal by 100.

2
= 2 5 = 0.4 = 40%
5

MATH VOCABULARY: Percentage.

Axel Cotn Gutirrez Mathematics 1 ESO 8.1

Unit 08 March

2. PERCENTAGES OF AMOUNTS.

You can calculate the Percentage of an Amount using mental methods, using
an equivalent fraction or using an equivalent decimal.

Use mental methods to find simple percentages:

50% 400
50% ,
50% 400 = 200
Change the percentage to its equivalent fraction and multiply by the amount:
9 9 24 216
9% 24 = 24 = = = 2.16
100 100 100
Change the percentage to its equivalent decimal and multiply by the amount:
35
35% 90 = 90 = 0.35 90 = 31.5
100
(0.35 is the Decimal Equivalent of 35%)

MATH VOCABULARY: Decimal Equivalent.

3. PERCENTAGE INCREASE AND DECREASE.

You can add on a Percentage Increase or subtract a Percentage Decrease at the

end of the calculation.

Example 1: A plane ticket to Rome cost, last summer, 460, but has since risen 20%.
What is the current price of the ticket?

= 460 = 20%
= 20% = 20% 460 = 92
= + = 460 + 92 = 552

Axel Cotn Gutirrez Mathematics 1 ESO 8.2

Unit 08 March

Example 2: A discount store offers 15% cheaper clothing. A dress cost before 50, How
much does it cost now?

= 50 = 15%
= 15% = 15% 50 = 7.5
= = 50 7.5 = 42.5

Alternatively you can calculate the percentage increase or decrease in a single

calculation.

Example 1:
= (100 + 20)% = 120% 460 = 1.2 460 = 552

Example 2:
= (100 15)% = 85% 50 = 0.85 50 = 42.5

MATH VOCABULARY: Percentage Increase, Percentage Decrease.

4. PROPORTION.

A Proportion compares the size of the part (or portion) to the size of the whole.

In a class of 26, 11 are girls and 15 are boys. The proportion of girls is 11 out of
26. The proportion of boys is 15 out of 26.

You can express a proportion as a fraction, a decimal or a percentage.

11
= = 0.4231 = 42.31%
26
15
= = 0.5769 = 57.69%
26

MATH VOCABULARY: Proportion.

Axel Cotn Gutirrez Mathematics 1 ESO 8.3

Unit 08 March

5. DIRECT PROPORTION.

When an increase in one quantity means another quantity increases in the

same proportion, the quantities are in Direct Proportion. If and are in direct
proportion, then the division of and will be Constant:

= =

Example: The number of basketballs and their price:

Number 1 2 3 4 5 6
Cost () 5 10 15 20 25 30

5 10 15 20 25 30
= = = = = = = 5 =
1 2 3 4 5 6

Hence, if we are dealing with quantities which are in direct proportion, then we
can use the follow rule:

Cost () Number
5 1
10 2
5 1
= 10 1 = 5 2
10 2
In general:

Axel Cotn Gutirrez Mathematics 1 ESO 8.4

Unit 08 March

Example: How much will 135 basketballs cost?

Cost () Number
5 1
x 100
5 1
= 5 100 = 1 = 500
100

500
= = 500
1

MATH VOCABULARY: Direct Proportion, Constant.

6. INVERSE PROPORTION.

When an increase in one quantity means another quantity decreases in the

same proportion, the quantities are in Inverse Proportion. If and are in inverse
proportion, then the product of and will be Constant:

= =

Example: Suppose that 20 men build a house in 6 days. If men are increased to 30 then
take 4 days to build the same house. If men become 40, they take 3 days to build the
house.

Number 20 30 40
Days 6 4 3

= 20 6 = 30 4 = 40 3 = 120 =

Axel Cotn Gutirrez Mathematics 1 ESO 8.5

Unit 08 March

If we are dealing with quantities which are in inverse proportion, then we can
use the follow rule:

Number of men Days

20 6
30 4

20 4
= 20 6 = 30 4 = 120
30 6

In general:

Example: How many days will need 60 men to finish the house:

Number of men Days

20 6
60 x

20
= 20 6 = 60 = 120
60 6

120
= = 2
60

MATH VOCABULARY: Inverse Proportion.

Axel Cotn Gutirrez Mathematics 1 ESO 8.6