3/27/2017 ProblemsandExercisesI

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IdentificationQuiz Readthefollowingdescriptionofanexperimentalstudycarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.
MultipleChoiceQuizI
MultipleChoiceQuizII Description:
MatchingQuizI
MatchingQuizII
Executivesatalargecorporationhiredapsychologisttoevaluatetwophysicalfitnessprogramsthatdifferedspecificallyinthedegreetowhichdietand
MoreResources
LearningObjectives nutritionalsuggestionswerepartoftheprogram.PlanNincludeddiet/nutritionalrequirementsforallparticipants.PlanEemphasizedaregularexercise
InteractiveActivity programforallparticipants,butdidnotrequireparticipantstochangetheireatinghabits.Thenatureandamountofexerciserequiredinthetwo
Flashcards programswereessentiallythesame.Thepsychologistobtainedalistofallemployeeswho,aspartofaprevioussurvey,hadindicatedtheirdesireto
Glossary takepartinafitnessprogramwhileatwork.Thesepeoplewerecontactedand85%oftheoriginalgroupofemployeeswerestillworkingatthe
companyorhadnotchangedtheirmindsaboutparticipating.Twohundredemployeesfromthisremaininggroupwererandomlyassignedinequal
numbers(100)toeitherProgramNorProgramE.Eachprogramlasted6months,duringwhichtimeemployeeabsenteeismineachgroupwas
monitored.Attheendoftheprogram,participantsweregivenaquestionnairedesignedtoassessattitudestowardthecompanyandthefitness
program.Becauseoftransferswithinthecompany,firingandquittingofemployees,andotherreasonsnotabletobedocumented,only75outof100
employeesinGroupEfinishedtheprogram,andonly50oftheoriginal100participantsfromProgramNcompletedthe6monthprogram.The
psychologistjudgedthatthesesamplesizeswerestillsufficientlylargeenoughtoassessadequatelytheeffectoftheprogram.Astatisticalcomparison
ofparticipantsfromthetwogroupsrevealedthatemployeesenrolledinProgramNshowedsignificantlylessabsenteeismthanpersonscompleting
ProgramE.Moreover,theattitudeassessmentattheendoftheprogramrevealedthatemployeeswhocompletedProgramNhadsignificantlybetter
opinionsofthecompanyandtheprogramthandidpersonsinProgramE.Onthebasisoftheseresults,thepsychologistconcludedthatPlanNwas
betterthanPlanE.

YourResults:

NOT Whatistheindependentvariable(anditslevels)inthisstudy?
1 GRADED
YourAnswer:dfdfdfd
Feedback:Theindependentvariableisthenatureofthephysicalfitnessprograms.ThelevelsarePlanNwith
diet/nutritionalrequirementsforallparticipantsandPlanEemphasizingaregularexerciseprogramwithoutadiet
modification.
NOT Whatisthedependentvariable?(Note:Theremaybemorethanonedependentvariableassociatedwiththisexperiment.)
2 GRADED
YourAnswer:fdfdfdfdf
Feedback:Thedependentvariablesaretheamountofabsenteeismmonitoredduringthe6monthprogramand
attitudestowardthecompanyandtowardthefitnessprogramthatwereassessedusingaquestionnaire.
NOT Canyouidentifyaseriousthreattotheinternalvalidityofthisexperiment?Identifythethreatandexplainwhyitisathreat.
3 GRADED
YourAnswer:dfdfdfdfdf
Feedback:Onepotentiallyseriousthreattotheinternalvalidityofthisexperimentissubjectloss.Notallparticipants
completedtheprogramineithergroup,buttherewasgreaterlossinProgramNthaninProgramE.Thisdifferentialloss
acrossgroupsisoneindicationofselectivesubjectloss.Althoughthereareseveralpossiblereasonsfortheloss,itis
reasonabletoexpectthatsomeofthelossoccurredbecauseofcharacteristicsoftheparticipantsrelatedtothe
experiment.Forexample,participantsinGroupNwhowereunwillingorunabletocomplywiththerecommended
dietarychangeswouldnothavebeenlikelytocompletetheprogram.Theseparticipants'attitudestowardfitnessand
eventowardthecompanymayhavebeensystematicallydifferentfromthosewhocompletedtheprogram.Stated
anotherway,thosewhocompletedtheprograminGroupNmayhavebeentheoneswhomostbenefitedfromthe
program.Theirattitudestowardtheprogram,therefore,wouldlikelyhavebeenmorepositive.Thepsychologistwas
correctinjudgingthatthefinalsamplesizeswerelargeenoughtoobtainreliablefindings.Theproblemofselective
subjectloss,however,makesitunlikelythatthesereliablefindingswillbeinterpretable.Thecomparabilityofgroups
necessaryintherandomgroupsdesignhaslikelybeenlostbecauseoftheselectivesubjectloss.

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