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Piping Application User's Guide
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Piping Application User's Guide
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Chapter 1: Introduction
The ANSYS Piping Application (APA) is provided as an add-in to ANSYS Workbench that allows you to
perform pipe stress analysis according to US and European design codes. APA provides extended
functionality to the DesignModeler and Mechanical applications. This document provides information
on the additional capabilities of APA in both programs. For complete documentation of either program,
please consult the DesignModeler User's Guide and the Mechanical User's Guide. For detailed document-
ation of ANSYS Workbench, see the Workbench User's Guide.
To install APA, download a copy of the APA installer (PipingAddinSetup.msi) from the ANSYS
Customer Portal. Locate the file on your hard drive, and double-click to run the install wizard.
Click the Next button to proceed with the installation. At any point during the installation, you can
click Cancel to stop the installation procedure.
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Introduction
By default, APA installs to the default install directory of ANSYS Workbench. If you have installed ANSYS
Workbench in another directory, use the Browse button to locate that directory on your hard drive.
The Disk Cost button displays a summary of all the drives on your system, as well as the required
amount of space to install APA. You can also set the user permissions of APA by selecting to install for
all users (Everyone) or just the current user (Just me). By default, APA installs for all users. When you
have set these options, click Next to proceed with the installation.
Click Next again to confirm the installation of APA, or click Back to change settings.
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Limitations of APA
Click Close to exit the APA installer, APA is now installed and available for use.
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Introduction
Unsupported Analysis Types Under the Structural 2 license, the Workbench environment permits
you to use several analysis types which are not supported by APA. Pre-stressed modal and eigenvalue
buckling analyses produce the error message, Element type PIPE does not currently support linear
perturbation analysis due to the PIPE16 and PIPE18 formulations used by APA.
Harmonic response analysis can be used, but the APA-specific preprocessing features such as the piping
pressure, piping temperature, piping support, or piping spectrum objects are not available for this type
of analysis. APA postprocessing is also not available for this analysis type. For harmonic response, APA
is limited to model generation based on physical properties, sections, and materials available from the
PDMS Attributes editor. You should define loads and boundary conditions, and postprocess the results
using the standard features of Mechanical.
Changing Simulation and Model Attributes Once the piping model has been created in Design-
Modeler using APA Geometry toolbar options or by importing a PDMS file, model properties (key points,
welding levels, supports, pipes, materials, real constants, and so on) are stored in the PDMS Attributes
container in APA. Because of this, any subsequent change to model properties (most importantly, piping
cross section and material definitions) should be done from the PDMS Attributes editor, not using the
standard capabilities of DesignModeler or Mechanical. Code-checks integrated into the APA postpro-
cessing environment refer to properties stored in the PDMS Attributes container and not the properties
in the standard tree of the application. When PDMS Attributes override simulator settings it is noted in
this guide.
Unit System in APA All data specific to APA such as piping attributes and APA objects are displayed
in the Display Units as shown in the PDMS Attributes editor, and are written in the unit system consistent
with the Display Units in the input file irrespective of the solver unit system that can be selected using
an Analysis Settings object.
Data View The Data View information of APA objects is not available in the Report Preview.
Edit Menu Operations Actions from the edit menu such as Duplicate, Copy, Cut, and Paste do not
work with APA objects. Similarly, drag and drop operations do not work with APA objects.
Exporting Results APA does not support the standard results export feature of Mechanical. APA
specific results are automatically exported to Excel spreadsheets in the postprocessing environment.
For more information on how APA exports results, see Exporting Results to Excel (p. 52).
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Workflow Overview
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Chapter 2: Interface
The APA interface adds several toolbars to the standard ANSYS Mechanical and ANSYS DesignModeler
interface. The following topics are available:
2.1. DesignModeler
2.2. Pipe Filters Toolbar
2.3. Mechanical
2.1. DesignModeler
The Piping Toolbar is used to create an APA compatible piping model in DesignModeler. Pipes are
created as line bodies, and manipulated using the buttons on the toolbar.
Move valve center of Adds a move valve object to the tree view.
mass
Delete pipe Adds a delete pipe object to the tree view.
Add straight pipe Adds a create straight pipe object to the tree view.
Parameters for each APA object can be set by highlighting the object and changing values in the Details
pane. The PDMS Attributes editor is available to set properties on individual pipes within the model.
For more information on creating pipe models in DesignModeler, see Using DesignModeler (p. 14).
The Pipe Filters Toolbar is also available in DesignModeler. For more information, see Pipe Filters Tool-
bar (p. 8).
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Interface
The Pipe Filters Toolbar can be used to select a set of bodies or points using criteria specified by the
Pipe and Point Filters in both DesignModeler and Mechanical.
Point filter Create a filter for a point or group of points using the
criteria listed in the menu.
Filter menu Select the specific values from the pull down box to
define your filter. The label next to the pull down menu
will display the selected filter, and the menu will contain
only selections relevant to the current model.
Apply single filter Applies the selected filter and filters the selection with
regards to the previous selection. This button remains
inactive until a filter has been defined.
Add filter Adds the filter to the already active filters. Only objects
meeting the criteria of all active filters will remain
selected.
Subtract filter Removes the filter from the already active filters. Only
objects not meeting the current criteria but previously
selected remain selected.
Invert filters Selects all bodies/vertices not currently selected by active
filters, unselects all other bodies/vertices.
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Mechanical
2.3. Mechanical
APA adds several toolbars to the ANSYS Mechanical application.
2.3.1. Piping Stress Indices
2.3.2. Piping Simulation Toolbar
The Pipe Filters Toolbar is also available in Mechanical. For more information, see Pipe Filters Tool-
bar (p. 8).
The Piping Stress Indices toolbar allows you to define the stress index code for your simulation. There
are three options to chose from:
You must set the stress index code to the standard you intend to use for postprocessing.
The Piping Stress Indices toolbar also allows you to view the stress intensity factors for individual parts
of the model.
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Interface
Note
In order to create a SIF result the post piping environment must be present. See Adding the
Post Piping Environment (p. 41) for more information.
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Mechanical
Caution
The Object Generator feature of Mechanical is not supported for any APA load objects
(piping displacement, piping pressure, piping temperature, piping spectrum). Using the Object
Generator may create objects incompatible with APA.
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Chapter 3: Modeling
This chapter covers the modeling functions of APA, which allow you to create compatible piping
models in DesignModeler, or import PDMS models created in other modeling programs.
Importing materials is performed on the Engineering Data screen within ANSYS Workbench, while
model import or creation is performed in DesignModeler. For more information on Engineering Data
and DesignModeler, see the Engineering Data User's Guide and the DesignModeler User's Guide, respectively.
3.1. Materials
You should add the appropriate materials into your project before creating or importing your model.
APA compatible materials can be created using the included material template.
3.1.1. Creating APA Compatible Materials
3.1.2. Adding Materials to Your Project
By default, no material files are installed with APA. You should define your material using the XML ma-
terial template file which is installed in the APA directory (by default ANSYS_IN-
STALL_DIR\aisol\WBAddins\PipingAddin\Materials\material_template.xml). This
template describes all required properties for a material compatible with APA. This file uses the MATML
format, which is compatible with Engineering Data.
Material definition for APA is similar to standard linear analysis, but requires 4 additional properties:
1. Import the material template into Engineering Data. See Adding Materials to Your Project (p. 14) for instruc-
tions on adding the material.
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Modeling
2. Fill in the expected properties of your material. For more information, see Perform Material Tasks in Engin-
eering Data in the Engineering Data User's Guide.
4. Export the material for future use. For more information, see Perform Material Tasks in Engineering Data in
the Engineering Data User's Guide.
If you wish to reuse the material you create in future projects, follow the instructions in Adding Mater-
ials to Your Project (p. 14) to import the file you saved.
In the project schematic window, piping materials can be imported by double clicking the Engineering
Data cell within the analysis system.
In the Engineering Data screen, click Engineering Data Sources to bring up the list of available libraries.
At the bottom of the Engineering Data Sources window, find the item Click here to add a new library. Click
the ... button in the Location column to bring up an Open dialog box.
Selecting a material library file adds that material library to the Engineering Data Sources pane. Highlight
the library and the material information will become available in the outline pane. Click Add to include the
material you wish to use in your project. A book icon appears next to the material to indicate that it has
been included in the project.
In Workbench, right click the Geometry cell in the analysis system, and click Properties.
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Creating a Model
In the Properties window, select the options Line Bodies and Attributes. When Attributes is checked the
Attribute Key field will become available. Make sure that any default text in this field is removed: the field
should be blank. The options Named Selections and Material Properties should be unchecked.
Double click Geometry in the analysis system in ANSYS Workbench to launch DesignModeler.
Class
The piping class of the straight pipe.
OD
Pipe outer diameter.
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Modeling
TK
Pipe wall thickness.
Material
Material of the straight pipe. Type a material you added on the Engineering Data screen in this box.
First Point
The beginning point of the straight pipe.
Definition Type
If set to Point selection, allows you to select a previously created point to begin your straight pipe.
If set to Point definition, allows you to define a point in a coordinates system to begin your
straight pipe.
Second Point
The end point of the straight pipe.
Definition Type
If set to Vector definition, allows you to define vector coordinates for the trajectory of the straight
pipe.
If set to Point selection, allows you to define the endpoint by selecting a previously created
point.
Once a body has been modeled, you should specify the geometry type (p. 21) by editing the Piping
Properties (p. 20).
Pipe
The pipe to be split. Select a pipe from the graphics window and click Apply in this field.
Point
The starting point from which a displacement is applied to generate the split point. Select either end point
of the pipe and click Apply in this field.
Displacement
The length of pipe to split.
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Creating a Model
Once a body has been modeled, you should specify the geometry type (p. 21) by editing the Piping
Properties (p. 20).
Click the Add Elbow button to add an AddCurvedPipe object in the tree view. Highlight the object
to display the Details pane:
Fields in yellow are required to generate an elbow. The OD, TK, and Material fields automatically
populate with the same dimensions as the last pipe generated.
Point
A point shared by two straight pipes to be connected by the elbow.
Class
The piping class of the elbow.
Radius
Radius of the elbow.
OD
Pipe outer diameter
TK
Pipe wall thickness
Material
Material of the straight pipe. Type a material you added on the Engineering Data screen in this box.
Once a body has been modeled, you should specify the geometry type (p. 21) by editing the Piping
Properties (p. 20).
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Modeling
3.2.1.4. Supports
Supports are boundary conditions which restrict or modify the degrees of freedom of certain vertices
in the model. Supports are added using the PDMS Attributes (p. 20) editor.
To add or edit a support, select the vertex on your model where the support will be located (APA
compatible supports can only be defined at vertices). If you wish to edit multiple supports, select multiple
vertices. Click the Edit Piping Properties button on the Pipe Filters Toolbar (p. 8).
Use the support section of the PDMS Attributes editor to define a support for each selected vertex.
Table 3.1: Types of Pipe Support (p. 18) shows the types of support available to APA. When you have
finished defining supports, click Save and Exit to save your changes.
APA can automatically activate and deactivate supports depending on the type of simulation being
performed. For more information about this feature, see Piping Supports (p. 26).
Caution
If you intend to suppress a body in DesignModeler, you must first delete the supports asso-
ciated with that body before launching the Mechanical application.
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Creating a Model
In Workbench, right click the Geometry cell in the analysis system, and click Properties.
In the Properties window, select the options Line Bodies and Attributes. When Attributes is checked the
Attribute Key field will become available. Make sure that any default text in this field is removed: the field
should be blank. The options Named Selections and Material Properties should be unchecked.
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Modeling
Double click Geometry in the analysis system in ANSYS Workbench to launch DesignModeler.
Click Import PDMS in the piping toolbar (p. 7) and select the PDMSImport object created in the tree view.
In the Details pane, click ... next to FileName. Locate your PDMS file using the Open dialog box.
Click Generate to import the PDMS file. A model will appear in the Graphics pane. Close the DesignModeler
window to return to the Workbench window. The geometry is automatically imported into the project.
Dimmed fields cannot be edited, and fields which have been edited but not saved appear with a yellow
background. Click Save and Exit to commit any changes, or click Exit Without Saving to cancel any
changes. Once a change has been made to an attribute, the edited field will appear with a green
background when the attributes window is viewed again.
Once you have made your changes in the PDMS Attributes window, click Generate to apply the changes
to the model.
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Changing PDMS Attributes
If you are updating a model which has already been loaded into Mechanical, you must update the
geometry when you return to Mechanical.
Click Save and Exit to commit any changes, or click Exit Without Saving to cancel any changes.
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Modeling
Caution
Once the piping model has been created in DesignModeler using APA Geometry toolbar
options or by importing a PDMS file, changes cannot be made to certain attributes and di-
mensions. If you wish to modify them, you must do so in the PDMS file and re-import the
file. If you created the model using the APA Geometry toolbar in DesignModeler, you must
rebuild the entire model to change these attributes:
The cross-sectional dimensions of individual pipe elements cannot be modified using the Details
pane in DesignModeler.
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Chapter 4: Preprocessing in Mechanical
Preprocessing a piping analysis consists of creating a mesh and defining boundary conditions.
The Pipe filter allows you to select groups of bodies by the following attributes:
The Point filter allows you to select groups of points by the following attributes:
To use a filter, click either Pipe Filter or Point Filter in the Pipe Filters Toolbar (p. 8). A pull down
menu will activate. Select the option you wish to filter for, and click Apply Filter. If you wish to apply
multiple filters, repeat this procedure, clicking Add Filters instead of Apply Filter. Using Add Filters
will select bodies or points matching all filters.
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Preprocessing in Mechanical
Filters are useful for creating named selections. Named selections can be used to create groups of like
pipes for further analysis during postprocessing. For more information on creating and using named
selections, see Named Selections in the Mechanical User's Guide.
Caution
Pipe and point filters do not work when results objects are selected in the tree.
Caution
If you imported your model through a PDMS file, changes made to pipe geometry in either
DesignModeler or Mechanical will not be reflected in simulations. If you wish to change pipe
geometry, make changes in the PDMS and then import it again.
Guidelines for the meshing of straight sections of pipe have not been established. Using either the default
settings or the Automatic Rule will usually provide a good solution. The mesh wizard can help you de-
termine how to mesh the pipe model for the most accurate simulation.
Caution
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Piping Settings
Automatic rule Mesh will be applied to all elbows based on input in Elbows Sizing and all runs based
on length. Cut-Off Frequency allows you to define the maximum number of elements a run will be broken
into.
Pipe type Mesh will be applied to the selected pipe type. For more information about types see Definition
of Pipe Geometry (p. 24). Pipe Type will only display types which are present in the current model.
All runs/tees/elbows/pipes Mesh will be applied to all bodies of the selected type.
All pipes without mesh control Mesh will be applied to components of the model that have not yet been
assigned a mesh control.
Select Pipe Type. Set Number of Elements to the number of elements to apply to the custom mesh.
If you are using Automatic Rule, enter Cut-Off Frequency to define the maximum number of elements
a run will be broken into. Enter Elbows Sizing to define the number of elements to break elbows into.
Click Add Mesh Control to apply the mesh sizing. Click Clear Mesh Controls to remove all mesh controls.
When you are finished adding mesh controls, click Generate Mesh.
Highlight the Piping Settings branch in the tree view to display the Details pane. Define your case
type in Load Case Type. Including these settings in your simulation is necessary for report generation.
Deadweight
Dilatation
Pression
Stratification
Static Load
Dynamic Load
Dynamic Earthquake
Other Dynamic
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Preprocessing in Mechanical
Highlight the Piping Support branch in the tree view. A table will display in the Data View pane. If you
imported a PDMS file, this table will be populated with support values from that file.
Support Type will have a default value of Contextual: the simulation will automatically activate and
deactivate supports based on Load Case Type defined in Piping Settings (p. 25). Table 4.1: Inactive
Supports by Load Case Type (p. 26) shows which support types are deactivated by load case when
contextual mode is active. The following figure shows the Data View when Support Type is set to
Contextual:
Select Manual to manually activate and deactivate supports. Activate supports by checking the box
next to the definition in the Data View pane. Deactivate supports by unchecking the box. The following
figure shows the Data View when Support Type is set to Manual:
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Piping Supports
Details can be changed or updated in the Data View pane, but APA will not make any changes to the
PDMS file. Any changes made to supports are saved to the local project file.
Supports can also be added manually. If your PDMS did not include support data, or if you built your
model with DesignModeler, you must add supports this way.
Caution
If you intend to suppress a body, you must first remove the supports associated with that
body. For more information, see Supports (p. 18).
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Chapter 5: Load Cases
The following topics are available:
5.1. Deadweight
5.2. Pressure
5.3.Thermal
5.4. Force Load
5.5. Anchor Movement
5.6. Seismic
5.1. Deadweight
Deadweight simulations are performed using a Static Structural analysis system in Workbench. When
you have imported your model into Mechanical, add and configure Piping Settings (p. 25) and Piping
Supports (p. 26).
Highlight the analysis system in the tree view. Click Inertial in the Environment toolbar, and select a
deadweight load from the menu, for example Standard Earth Gravity.
Highlight the load in the tree view to display the Details pane. Configure the load in the Details pane.
Caution
PDMS files contain a definition of direction for gravity. It is not recommended that you change
the direction of gravity in Mechanical if you imported a PDMS model.
5.2. Pressure
Pressure simulations are performed using a Static Structural analysis system in Workbench. When you
have imported your model into Mechanical, add and configure Piping Settings (p. 25) and Piping Sup-
ports (p. 26).
Pressure can be simulated as Load Pressure (p. 30) or Functional Pressure (p. 30).
In load mode, Mechanical generates the PD0/2t pressure portion of the ASME equation. In addition,
Mechanical will simulate the internal forces and moments in the pipe; these forces and moments are
commonly negligible, so the APA stress and reaction equations do not include them, which is consistent
with the moment definitions in the ASME equations.
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Load Cases
In functional mode, Mechanical will not simulate internal forces and moments in the pipe. Functional
mode is used to calculate the pressure portion of the elbow flexibility factor in the stiffness analysis of
Class 1 piping.
From then Type menu select Load. Select how you will define pressure in the model with Named Se-
lections or Geometry Selection in the Defined By menu. Multiple pressures can be assigned to different
bodies in the model.
Click Add Row in the Data View pane to populate the table.
or
If you are using named selections, enter the selection in the Named Selections column. If you are using
geometry selection, highlight the geometry in the Graphics pane. The Geometry column in the Data
View pane will display the number of components. Enter the pressure value in the Delta Pressure
column. Add more rows for different parts of the model to be pressurized.
Highlight the analysis system in the tree view. Click Piping Pressure in the Piping Simulation Tool-
bar (p. 10). Highlight the pressure in the tree view to display the Details pane. A table of pressures will
display in the Data View pane.
From the Type menu select Functional. Select how you will define pressure in the model with Named
Selections or Geometry Selection in the Defined By menu. Multiple functional pressures can be assigned
to different bodies in the model.
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Thermal
Click Add Row in the Data View pane to populate the table.
or
If you are using named selections, enter the selection in the Named Selections column. If you are using
geometry selection, highlight the geometry in the Graphics pane. The Geometry column in the Data
View pane will display the number of components. Enter the pressure value in the Delta Pressure
column. Add more rows for different parts of the model to be pressurized.
5.3. Thermal
Thermal simulations are performed using a Static Structural analysis system in Workbench. When you
have imported your model into Mechanical, add and configure Piping Settings (p. 25) and Piping Sup-
ports (p. 26).
Temperature can be simulated as Load Thermal (p. 31) or Functional Thermal (p. 32).
In load mode, Mechanical will simulate the internal forces and moments in the pipe due to temperature
change from the reference temperature to the input temperature. In addition, Mechanical will modify
the material properties (modulus of elasticity and thermal expansion coefficient) to match those at the
input piping pressure.
In functional mode, Mechanical will not simulate the internal forces and moments in the pipe; it will
only modify the material properties to match those at the input piping temperature. Functional mode
is used to supplement an analysis system by providing new material characteristics at high or low
temperatures.
Select how you will define temperature in the model with Named Selection or Geometry Selection
in the Defined By menu. Multiple temperatures can be assigned to different bodies in the model.
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Load Cases
Click Add Row in the Data View pane to populate the table.
or
If you are using named selections, enter the selection in the Named Selections column. If you are using
geometry selection, highlight the geometry in the Graphics pane. The Geometry column in the Data
View pane will display the number of components. Enter the temperature value in the Temperature
column. Add more rows for different parts of the model to be subjected to thermal load.
Highlight the analysis system in the tree view. Click Piping Temperature in the Piping Simulation
Toolbar (p. 10). Highlight the thermal load in the tree view to display the Details pane. A table of tem-
peratures will display in the Data View pane.
Select how you will define temperature in the model with Named Selections or Geometry Selection
in the Defined By menu. Multiple temperatures can be assigned to different bodies in the model.
Click Add Row in the Data View pane to populate the table.
or
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Anchor Movement
If you are using named selections, enter the selection in the Named Selections column. If you are using
geometry selection, highlight the geometry in the Graphics pane. The Geometry column in the Data
View pane will display the number of components. Enter the temperature value in the Temperature
column. Add more rows for different parts of the model to be subjected to functional thermal load.
Highlight the analysis system in the tree view. Click Loads in the Environment toolbar and select Force.
Highlight the force in the tree view to display the Details pane. Define the force by editing the fields
in the Details pane. Add additional forces as required by your simulation parameters.
Highlight the analysis system in the tree view. Click Piping Displacement in the Piping Simulation
Toolbar (p. 10). Highlight the Piping Displacement object in the tree view to display the Details pane.
Define the displacement by editing the fields in the Details pane.
Define the Point field by scoping a Support Point to simulate the anchor point failure. Select the Co-
ordinate System from the drop down menu to fully define the displacement.
Enter the displacement values in the Data View of the Piping Displacement to define the magnitude
of anchor movement.
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Load Cases
Highlight the Analysis Settings branch in the tree view. Enter the Number of Steps in the Details
pane.
Highlight the Piping Displacement in the tree view to displace the Details pane. The Details pane contains
the same properties for the Piping Displacement object as discussed above.
The Data View pane displays multiple rows. The number of rows depends on the number of time steps
defined in the Analysis Settings. Enter the displacement values in the Data View to define the magnitude
of anchor movement for each time step.
Highlight Piping Settings in the tree view. The Data View pane will display a table of time steps. Enter
a name for each time step in the Name column. This is necessary for report generation.
5.6. Seismic
Seismic simulations are performed using a Modal Analysis system in Workbench. When you have imported
your model into Mechanical, add and configure Piping Settings (p. 25) and Piping Supports (p. 26).
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Seismic
Highlight Piping Settings in the tree view to display the Details pane. Select Dynamic Earthquake as
Load Case Type.
Highlight Analysis Settings in the tree view to display the Details pane. Define the settings for the
modal analysis. Commonly, limit nodes are set to a range of 035 Hz or 050 Hz. Enter a value in Max
Modes to Find that will bracket all the modes in a given range, for example, 100. Change Limit Search
to Range to Yes. Use Range Minimum and Range Maximum to define the range of limit nodes.
If you would like to use the velocities and accelerations results in a response spectrum analysis, set the
Store Modal Results property of Output Controls submenu to For Future Analysis.
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Load Cases
Launch Mechanical and highlight Analysis Settings in Response Spectrum in the tree view to display
the Details pane. In Spectrum Type select Single Point. This setting defines the simulation as USM. If
you are following NRC requirements for single point response spectrum (SPRS) analysis, select ROSE in
Modes Combination Type.
Add Piping Settings (p. 25). Highlight Piping Settings in Response Spectrum in the tree view to display
the Details pane. Select Dynamic Earthquake in Load Case Type. Set Cut-off Frequency to the same
value as the Range Maximum in your Modal analysis system. Constant Damping is usually determined
by project design criteria and is dependent on pipe size. Select Coordinate System to use in the simu-
lation.
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Seismic
Highlight Response Spectrum in the tree view. Click Piping Spectrum in the Piping Simulation Tool-
bar (p. 10) to add response spectrum objects to the tree view. Click this button for as many response
spectrum objects as needed in your analysis. Define each response spectrum by highlighting it in the
tree view to display the Details pane.
Note
Rigid Response Effect (Gupta) is commonly used in SPRS analysis. Missing Mass Effect is
also commonly used. Your project criteria may provide information about entries in those
options.
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Load Cases
Launch Mechanical and highlight Analysis Settings in Response Spectrum in the tree view to display
the Details pane. In Spectrum Type, select Multiple Points. This setting defines the simulation as ISM.
In Modes Combination Type select SRSS.
Note
NRC guidelines for multiple point response spectrum (MPRS) analysis state that you should
use the absolute sum of support groups and SRSS of modes and directions. The absolute
sum option is not currently available in APA.
Highlight Response Spectrum in the tree view and click Piping Settings in the Piping Simulation
Toolbar (p. 10). Highlight Piping Settings in Response Spectrum in the tree view to display the Details
pane. Select Dynamic Earthquake in Load Case Type. Set Cut-off Frequency to the same value as
the Range Maximum in your Modal analysis system. Constant Damping is usually determined by
project design criteria and is dependent on pipe size.
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Seismic
Since this simulation will deal with motion in multiple groups of supports, first determine total number
of discrete groups in the simulation.
Highlight Response Spectrum in the tree view. Click Piping Spectrum in the Piping Simulation Tool-
bar (p. 10) to add response spectrum objects to the tree view. Click this button for as many response
spectrum objects as needed in your analysis. Define each response spectrum by highlighting it in the
tree view to display the Details pane.
Note
Rigid Response Effect (Gupta) is commonly not used in MPRS analysis. Missing Mass Effect
is commonly used. Your project criteria may provide information about entries in these op-
tions.
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Chapter 6: Postprocessing
The APA postprocessing environment consists of three tabs which are additional to the standard tabs
in Mechanical: Piping, Supports, and Disp. / Accel.
Before performing any post-processing task, refer to the section Adding the Post Piping Environ-
ment (p. 41) to set up APA for report generation.
When you have defined and performed all simulations necessary for your reports, close Mechanical, return
to Workbench, and create a new Static Structural analysis system. Link the Engineering Data, Geometry,
and Model cells from any one of your analysis systems to the corresponding cells in the new Static Structural
analysis system.
Launch Mechanical and right click the new Static Structural in the tree view. Select Rename. Enter Post
Piping in the text box to rename the analysis system.
Right click the Post Piping system in the tree view and select Insert > Commands to add a Commands
object.
Highlight Commands in the tree view to display the Commands pane. Enter d,all,all in the Commands
pane. Close the Commands pane by highlighting the Post Piping analysis system in the tree view. Click
Solve to complete the post-piping environment.
Caution
The Post Piping environment is a sandbox environment which APA uses to load postprocessing
results from other load cases. Objects or subfolders created in this environment should not
be managed using standard Mechanical functions. Functions such as Duplicate, Duplicate
Without Results, Copy, Cut, Paste, Rename, Clear Generated Data, dragging and dropping,
adding comments or figures/images, and suppress or unsuppress should not be used on
objects in the Post Piping environment.
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Postprocessing
Postprocessing is specific to APA and results objects must be generated from the APA
worksheet only. If you invalidate an analysis in Mechanical, all APA results dependent on
that analysis are removed from the tree. Once an analysis is made valid again, you should
regenerate the results using the postprocessing tabs.
6.2. Overview
APA postprocessing sheets each have three common functions, covered in this section:
6.2.1. Elementary Load Cases
6.2.2. Combination Load Cases
6.2.3. Load Case Filters
The first two columns of this table, Load Case Name and Analysis Type, are generated automatically
and cannot be changed. Check boxes next to the Load Case Name indicate if the case is selected. Load
cases which are successfully simulated appear with a green background, load cases with a yellow
background require an update and will remain disabled until the issue is resolved.
The Cat. and Load Case Type columns are optional, setting them allows you to use Load Case Fil-
ters (p. 44).
You can add comments to any load cases by clicking in the Comment column.
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Overview
When a load case row is yellow, the requirements for that combination have not been met.
Select the Sum Type required from the pull down menu. Cat. and Load Case Type columns are optional
for use with Load Case Filters (p. 44). Additional fields appear in a smaller, embedded table under the
combination load case. Populate this table by clicking the * cell and selecting your load case from the
pull down menu. Additional rows appear when you select a case. Add additional load cases to the
combination case as necessary. Adding a numerical value in the Coefficient cell defines the participation
of the particular load case.
When a combination case has been properly populated, the load case row turns green.
SRSS
Absolute Sum
Absolute Value
of Algebraic
Sum
Max. of
Absolute Values
Max. of Positive
Values
Min. of Negative
Values
Max. of
Absolute Range
(Comp)
Max of Absolute
Range (Resul)
All Algebraic
Combinations
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Postprocessing
Minimum of
Values
To duplicate a combination case, select the case and click Duplicate Selected Combinations.
To remove a combination case, select the case and click Remove Selected Combinations.
To select a set of cases using filters, define the filter parameters from the Category and LC Type pull
down menus. These menus correspond to the Cat. and Load Case Type columns from the load case
tables:
Abbreviation Condition
A Normal
HT Test
B Upset
C Emergency
D Faulted
U Upset
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The Piping Tab
Click Select to select all cases which apply to the category and case type selected from the pull down
box. If you wish to add another filter, define the new filter with the pull down boxes and click Select.
The Select button will never unselect cases. Filters can be summed using this method.
To unselect a set of cases using filters, define the filter parameters in the same way as selecting a set
of cases and click Unselect. To unselect all cases, define Category and LC Type as All and click Unselect.
6.3.2. Equations
Before solving equations you must set the code you intend to use. For more information, see Piping
Stress Indices (p. 9). Only equations from the selected code are available. You can change the code
to solve equations from another code, but only one can be active at a time.
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Postprocessing
Enter a name for the equation. Select the equation you would like to solve from the pull down menu in the
Equation Type column.
Assign elementary or combination load cases to the fields in the embedded table using the pull down
menus. Some fields can have more than one case assigned to them. After the first case is added in one of
these fields, a new row will appear.
When you have defined all equations to be calculated, select them in the Equations table and click Compute
Selected Equations. The pull down menu next to this button controls if a visualization is included in the
Post Piping environment. An Excel spreadsheet is generated with the relevant results. If you have chosen
to generate visual results, an object is created under the Post Piping system in the tree view.
For a list of required load cases for each available equation, see Appendix A (p. 55).
Some equations require you to set a criteria level. Use the following table to select the criteria level
you are solving for:
Number 1 2 3 4 5
Abbreviation N U E F T
Name Normal Upset Emergency Faulted Test
Criteria Level A B C D T
The Named Selections pull down menu shows the list of body-based named selections defined in the
model. The selection in this menu defines the body scoping on which defined results are evaluated. It
is set to All Pipes by default.
To duplicate an equation, select the equation and click Duplicate Selected Equations.
To remove an equations, select the equation and click Remove Selected Equations.
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The Piping Tab
All - Forces and moments for the selected cases will be calculated, and visualizations will be generated.
Forces - Forces and moments for the selected cases will be calculated, but visualizations will only be generated
for forces.
Moments - Forces and moments for the selected cases will be calculated, and visualizations will only be
generated for moments.
No View - Forces and moments for the selected cases will be calculated, but visualizations will not be gen-
erated.
Click View Results for Selected Load Cases to generate results into the post-piping environment.
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Postprocessing
Note
If you receive the message Cannot find a Post Piping environment, refer to Adding the
Post Piping Environment (p. 41).
Visualization of results for equations are provided for bodies that match the class of piping the equation
governs. Bodies without results appear transparent in visualizations.
Caution
Pipe and point filters do not work when results objects are selected in the tree.
Enter a name for the analysis. Select the analysis type you would like to solve from the pull down menu in
the Analysis Type column.
Assign elementary or combination load cases to the fields in the embedded table using the pull down
menus. Some fields can have more than one case assigned to them. After the first case is added in one of
these fields, a new row will appear.
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The Supports Tab
The Named Selections pull down menu shows the list of vertex-based named selections defined in
the model. The selection in this menu defines the vertex scoping on which defined results are evaluated.
It is set to the first vertex-based named selection by default. If there are no vertex-based named selections
it is blank.
When you have defined all equations to be calculated, select them in the table and click Support
analysis, Equipment analysis, or Flange analysis. An Excel spreadsheet is generated with the relevant
results.
To duplicate an analysis, select the equation and click Duplicate Selected Analysis.
To remove an analysis, select the equation and click Remove Selected Analysis.
6.4.2. Operability
Operability analysis verifies the operability for components connected to the analyzed pipes. The fol-
lowing specific operability analyses can be performed:
Efforts analysis - compares the effective load on a component and an acceptable parameter.
The class of the valve depends on the class of the components nearby:
If the components nearby are both Class 1 components, then the valve is considered to be a Class 1 com-
ponent.
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Postprocessing
The Operability equation is the sum of a primary part and a secondary part.
Operability analysis consists of the same basic steps as solving equations: define an analysis name and
type, then select the elementary or combined load cases which make up the analysis.
Enter a name for the analysis. Select the analysis type you would like to solve from the pull down menu in
the Operability Type column.
Assign elementary or combination load cases to the fields in the embedded table using the pull down
menus. Some fields can have more than one case assigned to them. After the first case is added in one of
these fields, a new row will appear.
The Named Selections pull down menu shows the list of vertex-based named selections defined in
the model. The selection in this menu defines the vertex scoping on which defined results are evaluated.
It is set to the first vertex-based named selection by default. If there are no vertex-based named selections
it is blank.
When you have defined all equations to be calculated, select them in the table and click Compute se-
lected Operability Analyses. An Excel spreadsheet is generated with the relevant results.
To duplicate an analysis, select the analysis and click Duplicate selected Operability analysis.
To remove an analysis, select the analysis and click Remove selected Operability analysis.
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SIF Results
Enter a name for the analysis. Select the analysis type you would like to solve from the pull down menu in
the Analysis Type column.
Assign elementary or combination load cases to the fields in the embedded table using the pull down
menus. Some fields can have more than one case assigned to them. After the first case is added in one of
these fields, a new row will appear.
The Named Selections pull down menu shows the list of vertex-based named selections defined in
the model. The selection in this menu defines the vertex scoping on which defined results are evaluated.
It is set to the first vertex-based named selection by default. If there are no vertex-based named selections
it is blank.
When you have defined all equations to be calculated, select a coordinates system from the pull down
menu (default is Solu, which is the solution coordinate system), select the equations in the table and
click Displacements Analysis (in the chosen CS) or View Accelerations of the Selected Load Cases.
An Excel spreadsheet is generated with the relevant results.
To duplicate an analysis, select the equation and click Duplicate Selected Analysis.
To remove an analysis, select the equation and click Remove Selected Analysis.
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Postprocessing
Expand the Post Piping environment in the tree view to view SIF result visualizations.
Note
Units displayed with SIF results should be ignored. SIF results are dimensionless; only the
values and associated legend are of interest.
Excel versions of results are stored in your project files folder, under the directory dp0\POST. The Ap-
pendix_G.xls file contains results from Equations (p. 45). The non-numbered instance of this file
will contain the first set of results. Any subsequent results generated will be in a numbered version of
the file: Appendix_G_1.xls, Appendix_G_2.xls, and so on.
The Appendix_G.xls file has many sections containing simulation results. Click the worksheet tabs
at the bottom of the screen to view these results. Notable worksheets include:
Ratio - Includes calculated stress indices as well as stress and ratio results for selected equations.
Results - Includes force and moment results of load cases and combinations that were used in the definition
of selected equations.
Model Information - Includes model values at nodes and elements. Calculated stress indices also appear.
Meshing - Includes a summary of Pipe Bodies, Points, Elements, and Nodes for the entire model.
Load Case Definition - Includes a summary of load cases and combinations that were used in the definition
of selected equations.
Status - Includes a summary of Error/Warning messages encountered during generation of results for selected
equations.
The following files in the dp0\POST directory also contain relevant results:
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Exporting Results to Excel
ENSIF.xls - Includes a summary of initial Stress Intensity Factors for the entire model, calculated using
the EN code, from the first time you open the Mechanical window after attaching the geometry.
RCCMSIF.xls - Same as ENSIF.xls except SIFs are calculated using the RCCM code.
ASMESIF.xls - Same as ENSIF.xls except SIFs are calculated using the ASME code.
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Appendix A. Equation Requirements
The following sections outline the load cases and other inputs required to solve the regulatory equations
in the postprocessing environment:
A.1. ASME Equations
A.2. EN Equations
A.3. RCC-M Equations
A.1.1.1. Equation 9
Input Data Value Type Notes
Criteria Level 0, B, C, D or
T
Pressure 1 load case Design pressure.
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Equation Requirements
A.1.1.2. Equation 10
Input Data Value Type Notes
Thermal Expansion n load The order of these load cases matters as each thermal load
cases case is associated with the corresponding pressure load
case from the Pressure Linked to Thermal Expansion input.
A.1.1.3. Equation 12
Input Data Value Type Notes
Thermal Expansion n load
cases
Ambient Temperature real Default value is 20.
for Correction number
Design Temperature 1 load case Temperature at which the allowable stress, Sm, is calculated.
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ASME Equations
A.1.1.4. Equation 13
Input Data Value Type Notes
Pressure n load Design pressure.
cases
If no load case is given, values of pressure set in the piping
property editor are used.
A.1.2.1. Equation 8
Input Data Value Type Notes
Pressure Portion STD or SLP
Pressure 1 load case Design pressure.
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Equation Requirements
A.1.2.2. Equation 9
Input Data Value Type Notes
Criteria Level B, C, D or T
Pressure Portion STD or SLP
Pressure 1 load case Design pressure.
A.1.2.3. Equation 10
Input Data Value Type Notes
Thermal Expansion n load
cases
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ASME Equations
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Equation Requirements
A.1.2.7. Failure
Input Data Value Type Notes
Assumption Break or
Crack
ASME Class 2 - Equation 1 equation
9 (p. 58)
ASME Class 2 - Equation 1 equation
10 (p. 58)
A.1.2.8. Equation F1
Input Data Value Type Notes
Thermal Expansion n load
cases
Ambient Temperature real Default value is 20.
for Correction number
Seismic Anchor n load
Displacement cases
Design Temperature 1 load case Temperature at which the allowable stress, S, is calculated.
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EN Equations
A.1.2.9. Equation F2
Input Data Value Type Notes
Thermal Expansion n load
cases
Ambient Temperature real Default value is 20.
for Correction number
Seismic Anchor n load
Displacement cases
Design Temperature 1 load case Temperature at which the allowable stress, S, is calculated.
A.2. EN Equations
The following sections describe the load case requirements for EN piping equations:
A.2.1. Equation 2-1
A.2.2. Equation 3-1
A.2.3. Equation 4-1
A.2.4. Equation 5-1
A.2.5. Equation 6-1
A.2.6. Superpipe
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Equation Requirements
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EN Equations
Max(D+S;2S)
Design Temperature 1 load case Temperature at which the
allowable stress, fA, is
calculated.
Default value is 1.
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Equation Requirements
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RCC-M Equations
A.2.6. Superpipe
Input Data Value Type Notes
EN Equation 4-1 (p. 63) 1 equation
EN Equation 3-1 (p. 62) 1 equation
A.3.1.1. Equation 9
Input Data Value Type Notes
Criteria Level 0, C, or D
Pressure 1 load case If no load case is given, values of pressure set in the piping
property editor are used.
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Equation Requirements
A.3.1.2. Equation 10
Input Data Value Type Notes
Thermal Expansion n load The order of these load cases matters as each thermal load
cases case is associated with the corresponding pressure load
case from the Pressure Linked to Thermal Expansion input.
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RCC-M Equations
A.3.1.3. Equation 12
Input Data Value Type Notes
Thermal Expansion n load Chose thermal expansion loads from among elementary
cases load cases and not from among calculated combinations.
If you enter a combination, moment is not recomputed at
ambient temperature.
Ambient Temperature real Default value is 20.
for Correction number
Design Temperature 1 load case Temperature at which the allowable stress, Sm, is calculated.
A.3.1.4. Equation 13
Input Data Value Type Notes
Pressure n load
cases
Permanent Loading 1 load case
Dynamic Seismic 1 load case
Primary Portion of real Default value is 1.
Seismic number,
Occ. Unsigned Loading n load
cases
Occ. Signed Loading n load
cases
Design Temperature 1 load case Temperature at which the allowable stress, Sm, is calculated.
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Equation Requirements
A.3.2.1. Equation 6
Input Data Value Type Notes
Pressure Portion STD or SLP
Pressure 1 load case Design pressure.
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RCC-M Equations
A.3.2.2. Equation 7
Input Data Value Type Notes
Thermal Expansion n load Chose thermal expansion loads from among elementary
cases load cases and not from among calculated combinations.
If you enter a combination, moment is not recomputed at
ambient temperature.
Ambient Temperature real Default value is 20.
for Correction number
Seismic Anchor n load
Displacement cases
Combination for DI and
SAM
Design Temperature 1 load case Temperature at which the allowable stress, SA, is calculated.
Default value is 1.
RCCM Class 2 - Equation 1 equation
6 (p. 68)
A.3.2.3. Equation 9
Input Data Value Type Notes
Non-Repeated Anchor n load
Displacement cases
Ambient Temperature real Temperature at which the allowable stress, Sc, is calculated.
for Sc number Default value is 20.
A.3.2.4. Equation 10
Input Data Value Type Notes
Criteria Level B, C, or D
Pressure Portion STD or SLP
Pressure 1 load case Design pressure.
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Equation Requirements
A.3.2.5. Superpipe
Input Data Value Type Notes
RCCM Class 2 - Equation 1 equation
7 (p. 69)
RCCM Class 2 - Equation 1 equation
10 (p. 69)
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RCC-M Equations
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