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 FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN ELEKTRIK

SUBJECT: POWER ELECTRONICS & DRIVES LABORATORY II BEKE 4731

TITLE

PART A: AC Motor Drive

LEARNING OUTCOME
At the end of this lab, student should be able:
1. Learn the operation and demonstrate the Thyristor drive driving a three phase AC induction
motor.
2. Analyze the relationship between firing angle and the speed of the phase AC induction motor.

EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENT
Power supply
Enclosure / Power Supply
Four-Pole Squirrel Cage Induction motor
Three-Phase Synchronous Motor/Generator
Resistive Load
AC Ammeter
Power Thyristor
Thyristor Firing Unit
Oscilloscope

PROCEDURE

1. Install the power supply, the Enclosure / Power Supply, the Four-Pole Squirrel Cage Induction
motor, the Three-Phase Synchronous Motor/Generator, the Resistive Load, the AC Ammeter
and the Power Thyristor in the mobile Workstation.
2. Install the Thyristor Firing Unit in the Enclosure / Power Supply.
Note: Before installing the Thyristor Firing Unit, make sure that switchs SW1 and SW2
(located on the printed board) are in the O position.
3. Make sure that the main power switch of the Power Supply is set to the O position (OFF). Set
the voltage knob to 0. Connect the Power Supply to a three-phase wall receptacle.
4. Plug the Enclosure/ Power Supply line cord into a wall receptacle. Set the rocket switch of the
Enclosure/ Power Supply to the I (ON) position.
5. Make sure that the toggle switches on the Power Thyristors and the Resistive Load modules are
all set to the O (open) position.
6. Set up the circuit of Figure 1.
7. Make the following setting:
On the power supply
Voltage Selector... 4-N

On the Thyristor Firing Unit

ANGLE CONTROL COMPLEMENT... O
ANGLE CONTROL ARC COSINE... O
ANGLE CONTROL MODE. 3~
DC SOURCE. mid point
8. Slow adjust the AC power supply to 120Vrms.
9. Measure the motor speed for each of the values of firing angle in Table 1.
10. Plot the current waveform phase A for firing angle 45 and 85 in Figure 2.
11. Plot the firing angle and speed relationship in Figure 3.

LAB SHEET Experiment PAGE: - 2 -

 FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN ELEKTRIK

SUBJECT: POWER ELECTRONICS & DRIVES LABORATORY II BEKE 4731

Power
Thyristor

AC Power
Supply Ia

Ib Squirrel Cage
M Induction
Motor
Ic

Sync. S
Input

Thyristor
Firing
Firing
DC Source Unit
Angle Control
Control
Figure 1: Experiment set-up

Table 1: Speed variation with the firing angle (10 Marks)

Firing Angle () Speed (r/m)

0
30
45
60
65
70
75
80
85
90

LAB SHEET Experiment PAGE: - 3 -

 FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN ELEKTRIK

SUBJECT: POWER ELECTRONICS & DRIVES LABORATORY II BEKE 4731

Output Current
Io/p [A]
0 2 3 4 5 6 7
O
Phase angle [45 ]
Output Current
Io/p [A]

0 2 3 4 5 6 7
O
Phase angle [85 ]
Figure 2: Current waveform for firing angle 45 and 85 (10 Marks)

r/min
Speed

0 30 45 60 65 70 75 80 85 90

Firing Angle
Figure 3: Angle and speed relationship (10 Marks)

LAB SHEET Experiment PAGE: - 4 -

 FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN ELEKTRIK

SUBJECT: POWER ELECTRONICS & DRIVES LABORATORY II BEKE 4731

Question:
1. What is the effect of increasing the firing angle?

2. Based on your result in Figure 2, explain the shape of current when the firing angle change
from the 0 to 90.

3. What the relationship between firing angle and speed of motor?

TITLE

Part B: Speed Control Characteristics of AC Variable Frequency Drive

LEARNING OUTCOME
At the end of this lab, student should be able:
1. To introduce the adjustment of the various controls that are user accessible on many of the solid-
state controllers in use today.
2. To understand the characteristics of maximum and minimum speed control of the equipment
operator, thus preventing the equipment from being overdriven and damage.

THEORY

Many industrial machines and paper, textile and steel mills require adjustable-speed drive motors that
can be precisely controlled. In recent years, solid-state devices have been finding increasingly more
applications in motor control as they are able to satisfy these stringent industrial control requirements.

In spite of the control capabilities of DC drives, the initial costs of a system, combined with the
ongoing maintenance costs, have placed DC drives at an economical disadvantage as compared to
variable frequency control of induction and synchronous motors. The availability of low-cost digital
and analog circuits has led to the development of high-technology type variable frequency drives.
These state-of-the art drives, combined with the initially lower motor cost and substantially reduced
maintenance costs, is responsible for making AC drive the logical choice to replace the DC drive.

The model 3260-10 represents, in an educational format, typical present-day technology for control
of 3 phase induction motors up to 1 HP. It includes controls that allow adjustment of the motors
maximum and minimum operating speeds, that provide a means of maintaining constant torque
characteristics at lower speeds, and that allow for adjustment of acceleration and deceleration by the
user.

EQUIPMENT REQUIRED
AC Variable Frequency Drive Model 3260-10.
Four-Pole Squirrel Cage Induction Motor
AC Voltmeter
Tachometer

LAB SHEET Experiment PAGE: - 5 -

 FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN ELEKTRIK

SUBJECT: POWER ELECTRONICS & DRIVES LABORATORY II BEKE 4731

Task 1: The 32-FMAX control

PROCEDURE

1. Refer to Figure 1. Notice that the AC Variable Frequency Drive consist of two basic sections,
namely the base containing switches and terminals mounted on the sloped face, and the inverter
drive unit mounted on the top of the base. Connections between the two sections are not made
accessible. The terminal strip would be however, accessible in an actual application to allow
connections for power, motor, and controls.

2. The parameters that will be used in this lab sheet are:

31-FMIN: Controls the minimum output frequency of the inverter (Hz) and minimum speed of
the AC motor.
32-FMAX: Controls the maximum output frequency of the inverter (Hz) and maximum speed
of the AC motor.

3. Connect the equipment as shown in Figure 2. Have the circuit inspected by the instructor before
power is turned on.

4. Switch the MAINS breaker on. Increase the input voltage up to 380 V.

5. After the drives display has stabilized (about 5 seconds after power-up), press STOP and PROG
sequentially to enter PROGRAM MODE. Press UP or DOWN arrow to select parameter 32.

6. If display does not read 50 Hz, press SHIFT. The PRG display will begin to blink, indicating
parameter is now ready to be changed.

7. Press UP or DOWN arrows to set parameter 32-FMAX to 50 Hz. Press ENTER to store new
value. Press PROG to exit PROGRAM MODE and reenter OPERATION MODE.

8. If the display does not read 0 Hz, press and hold the DOWN arrow until it does. Now press FWD
and the read status light should change to green (drive STOPPED to drive RUNNING).

9. Press the UP arrow until the motor operates at its rated speed as indicated by a tachometer.
CAUTION: This controller is capable of producing frequencies that will allow the motor to
exceed its rated speed up to a dangerous level. The motor speed must be carefully monitored to
prevent injury or damage caused by excessive speed.

10. Observe and record the stator winding voltage as indicated by the voltmeter. Also record the
rotational speed of the motor. Complete Table 1.

LAB SHEET Experiment PAGE: - 6 -

 FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN ELEKTRIK

SUBJECT: POWER ELECTRONICS & DRIVES LABORATORY II BEKE 4731

(a)

(b)

Figure 1: (a) Top view of trainer (b) Detail of drive keypad.

LAB SHEET Experiment PAGE: - 7 -

 FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN ELEKTRIK

SUBJECT: POWER ELECTRONICS & DRIVES LABORATORY II BEKE 4731

Figure 2: The circuit arrangement.

Table 1: Results for maximum speed control characteristics. (6 marks)

32-FMAX Setting Stator Voltage Motor Speed
(Hz) (Vac) (rpm)
50
30
20

11. Maintaining the output frequency at the previous setting of Step 9, press STOP. After the motor
stops rotating, press PROG to return to PROGRAM MODE. Use the UP or DOWN arrow to
select parameter 32. Press SHIFT and the UP or DOWN arrow to set 32-FMAX to 30 Hz. Press
ENTER to store the new value. Press PROG again to enter OPERATION MODE. Start the drive
by pressing FWD. Measure and record the resulting stator winding voltage and motor speed on
Table 1.

12. Repeat Step 11, setting parameter 32-FMAX to 20 Hz. Again measure and record the resulting
stator winding voltage and motor speed on Table 1.

13. Using the tabulated data from Table 1, plot two graphs on the graphs sheet provided with this
lab sheet (Refer to Figure 3). Plot stator winding voltage versus 32-FMAX setting, and motor
speed versus 32-FMAX setting.

14. Turn the MAINS breaker off and disconnect trainer from the AC power source.

LAB SHEET Experiment PAGE: - 8 -

 FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN ELEKTRIK

SUBJECT: POWER ELECTRONICS & DRIVES LABORATORY II BEKE 4731

DISCUSSION:

1- What function is served by the 32-FMAX? (1 Mark)

2- As evidenced by the results of the experiment, what is the relationship between the voltage
applied to the stator windings of the motor and motor speed? (2 Marks)
3- What is the drive frequency when the motor is operating at its rated speed? Hint: Use the
formula: Ns =120 f /p, where f = drive frequency, p = number of poles, and Ns = synchronous
speed. (2 Marks)
4- Calculate the motor speed and compare with the experimental results and plot in Figure 3 (6
marks).

STATOR MOTOR
VOLTAGE SPEED
(Vac) (rpm)

Figure 3 (6 marks)
32-FMAX SETTING (Hz)

LAB SHEET Experiment PAGE: - 9 -

 FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN ELEKTRIK

SUBJECT: POWER ELECTRONICS & DRIVES LABORATORY II BEKE 4731

Task 2: The 31-FMIN control

PROCEDURE

1. Connect the equipment as shown in Figure 2. Have the circuit inspected by the instructor before
power is turned on.

2. Switch the MAINS breaker on. Increase the input voltage up to 380 V.

3. After the drives display has stabilized (about 5 seconds after power-up), press STOP and PROG
sequentially to enter PROGRAM MODE and ensure 32-FMAX is set to 50 Hz. Press UP or
DOWN arrow to select parameter 31.

4. If display does not read 0 Hz, press SHIFT. The PRG display will begin to blink, indicating
parameter is now ready to be changed.

5. Press DOWN arrow to set parameter 31-FMIN to 0 Hz. Press ENTER to store new value. Press
PROG to exit PROGRAM MODE and reenter OPERATION MODE.

6. Use the DOWN arrow if necessary to set desired speed to 0 Hz.

7. Now press FWD and the read status light should change to green (drive STOPPED to drive
RUNNING).

8. Press and hold the UP arrow until the motor operates at its rated speed as indicated by a
tachometer.

9. Observe and record the stator winding voltage as indicated by the voltmeter. Also record the
rotational speed of the motor. Complete Table 2.

Table 2: Results for minimum speed control characteristics. (10 marks)

Desired 31-FMIN = 0 Hz 31-FMIN = 20 Hz 31-FMIN = 40 Hz 31-FMIN = 50 Hz
Speed Stator Motor Stator Motor Stator Motor Stator Motor
Setpoint Voltage Speed Voltage Speed Voltage Speed Voltage Speed
(Hz) (Vac) (rpm) (Vac) (rpm) (Vac) (rpm) (Vac) (rpm)
50
40
20
0

10. Press and hold the DOWN arrow until the drive output reads 40 Hz. Repeat step 9 for the 31-
FMIN = 0 Hz setting at a desired speed of 40 Hz in Table 2.

11. Repeat Step 10 for a desired speed setpoints of 20 Hz and 0 Hz.

12. Set parameter 31-FMIN to 20 Hz. Take data for the resulting stator winding voltage and motor
speed at desired speed setpoints of 50 Hz, 40 Hz and 20 Hz.

13. Set parameter 31-FMIN to 40 Hz and 50 Hz. Complete Table 2.

14. Turn the MAINS breaker off and disconnect trainer from the AC power source.

LAB SHEET Experiment PAGE: - 10

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 FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN ELEKTRIK

SUBJECT: POWER ELECTRONICS & DRIVES LABORATORY II BEKE 4731

DISCUSSION:

1- What is the function of the 31-FMIN control parameter?

2- What is the relationship between drive output frequency and no-load motor speed?

LAB SHEET Experiment PAGE: - 11

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