Object Oriented Programming in Java

Swakkhar Satabda and Sanjay Saha

CSI 211: Object Oriented Programming, Spring 2017

Department of Computer Science and Engineering
United International University

October, 2016

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Two Paradigm

Procedural Programming
Process oriented, code that acts on data.
What is happening?
A program is a series of linear steps - C!
As program grows larger - hard to manage!

Object Oriented Programming

data controls access to codes
Who is being affected?
Program is organized arround its data - easy to manage / Java

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Abstraction

Abstraction facilitates the easy conceptualization of real world

objects into the software program.
Humans manage complexity through abstraction.
people do not think of a car as a set of tens of thousands of
individual parts. They think of it as a well-defined object with
its own unique behavior.
A powerful way to manage abstraction is through the use of
hierarchical classifications.

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OOP Principles

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Encapsulation

Binds together code and the data it manipulates

Keeps code and data safe from outside interference and
misuse.
Real Life Example: Car
In Java: A class contains member variables and methods.
Encapsulation guarantees the integrity of the data contained
in the object.
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Inheritence
Motor Car
-speedLimit
-startEngine()

-infotainmentController -xDriveDivider -extraSafetyBag

-hFunction() -bmwOperation() -nFunction()

Inheritance is the process by which one object acquires the

properties of another object.
An object needs to define those qualities that make it unique
within its class and inherits general attributes from its parent.
In Java - super class, sub CSI
United International University
class
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Polymorphism

Motor Car
-accelerate()

-accelerate() -accelerate() -accelerate()

Driver
-drive(BMW)
-drive(Nissan)
-drive(Honda)

Polymorphism (from Greek, meaning many forms)

One interface, multiple methods
Think about a method that finds the length of strings and
integers.
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OOP Terminology

Class: A class is a blueprint or prototype from which objects

are created.
Object: An object is a software bundle of related state and
behavior.
Interface: An interface is a contract between a class and the
outside world. When a class implements an interface, it
promises to provide the behavior published by that in interface
Package: A package is a namespace for organizing classes
and interfaces in a logical manner.
Hierarchy: The mapped relationships of sub- and super
classes is known as a hierarchy.
Information Hiding: Purpose of hiding is to make
inaccessible certain details that should not affect other parts
of a system.
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An Example Class

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How to use this?

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How to use this?

From command line

$ javac Rectangle.java RectangleTest.java
$ java RectangleTest
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Fields

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Fields

Each Object has its own copy of the fields defined in the class
rOne and rTwo has got different values for their height and
width
Similar to struct in C

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Methods

In addition there are methods

getArea() calculates and returns the area of the rectangle
Methods access the fields and perform operations on them
When a method change the value of a field, the change
remains in effect after the method ends
Lets add another method to the class Rectangle to see this
effect!
Lets call this new method increaseWidth(int w)
This method will increase the area of the rectangle by an
specified amount w

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A Modified Rectangle

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Another Test Example

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Fields: A Good Java Practice

Fields should be private! (Information Hiding)

Doing that, these are not accessible outside the class
We need public methods that will have access to them
(setters and getters)
We need to change our Rectangle class again
add setWidth(), getWidth()
add setHeight(),getHeight()

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Set and Get Methods

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Set and Get Methods

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Method Overloading

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Method Overloading

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Initialization of Fields

There are three ways to initialize the fields

Direct Assignment
Initialization Block
Constructors
If you do not initialize your fields
Direct Assignment
Objects are referenced as null

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Direct Assignment

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Direct Assignment

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Initialization Block

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Constructors

Constructors have the same name as their class

Constructors have no return type
Constructors are not methods! You can only call a constructor
using new ClassName()
Constructors are called when objects are created (using
new)

When you do not explicitly define a constructor for a class, then

Java creates a default constructor for the class. The default
constructor automatically initializes all instance variables to their
default values, which are zero, null, and false, for numeric types,
reference types, and boolean, respectively.

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Default Constructor

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Default Constructor

If a class has no constructor the compiler generates an default

constructor with no arguments for the class.
If a class has any constructor, the compiler will not generate
the default constructor.
If you add a constructor to an existing class, you may need to
also add a constructor with no arguments. (good practice)

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Parameterised Constructor

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Parameterised Constructor

If a class have a constructor defined and do not have a default

constructor you can not just call the following
BankAccount acc= new BankAccount(); // error

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Multiple Constructors
Multiple constructors must have different signatures.

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Constructors Overloaded

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Copy Constructor

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Copy Constructor

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Order Test

When you create an object the direct assignment of fields and

instance initialization blocks are done in order from top to
bottom of class, then the constructor is executed

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Order Test (Output)

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this - a reference to self

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toString()

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toString()

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toString()

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Reading

Java:Complete Reference Chapter 6

Java: How to Program Chapter 3 (Early Objects)

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Thats it!

Thank you

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