Harrison Ramanantsoa

1. New Perspectives
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the Citations 2013 Tutorial
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Seventh Edition.
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 Rojas 3

Diana Rojas
Mr. Aldrich
Contemporary Society 204
16 March 2015
Smart Growth Overview: Principles and History
How cities of all sizes grow determines whether their

communities will prosper or decline. By following smart growth

principles, urban centers can be inviting, sustainable, vibrant, and

affordable places to live and work for generations of residents.

According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA),

cities that develop according to smart growth principles are

economically competitive, socially diverse, and naturally healthy.

Neighborhoods are compact and walkable, with transportation

alternatives such as bike paths and efficient transit systems. Schools

and other community buildings anchor the neighborhoods, and mixed-

use development provide a range of housing choices for people at all

stages of life (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 1).

The EPA identifies several principles of smart growth, including

compact building design, mixed land use, a range of housing

opportunities and choices, identifiable communities with a strong

sense of place and involvement, preserved open space, and a variety

of transportation options.
Smart growth is an antidote to urban sprawl, traffic congestion,

and urban decay. One goal of smart growth is to make a community

more attractive to new businesses by improving the quality of life and

encouraging residents to shop, work, and play locally, which stimulates

economic activity. The businesses provide jobs for residents and

This file created specifically for Harrison Ramanantsoa

 Rojas 4

convenient places to buy goods and services. The economic boon

increases property values and expands the tax base while controlling

growth and keeping economic expansion sustainable (Nelson 27-31).

The concepts of smart growth were first proposed in the early

1970s as a reaction to developers and politicians who based

transportation plans on motor vehicles and wanted to build and widen

highways in historic or critical environmental areas. At first,

communities simply fought to protect the land designated for highways

by placing it in conservancies. Soon architects and urban planners

promoted the idea of urban villages that didnt need to rely on

automobiles, but used public transit, bicycling, and walking as their

primary means of transportation (Moskowitz 13).

The smart growth idea reached maturity when local governments

used the following tools to promote a smart growth policy:

1. Zoning ordinances Specify land use and offer incentives

for following smart growth principles

2. Environmental assessments Require developers to project

the physical and social impact of new development

The EPA has recognized cities such as Arlington, Virginia and

Davidson, North Carolina, for their successful implementation of smart

growth principles, and such cities lead the way for continued smart

growth practices.

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 Rojas 5

Works Cited

Moskowitz, Eric. "Car-free Commuting Push Pays Off in Kendall Square." The

Boston Globe 25 July 2012: 13. Newspaper.

Nelson, Kevin. Essential Smart Growth Fixes. Government study. Washington

DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2012. Document.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. About Smart Growth. n.d. Web. 5

March 2015.

This file created specifically for Harrison Ramanantsoa