COMPARISON OF BILL OF RIGHTS
1973 CONSTITUTION
ARTICLE IV
SECTION 1. No person shall be
deprived of life, liberty, or property
without due process of law, nor shall
any person be denied the equal
protection of the laws.
SEC. 2. Private property shall not be
taken for public use without just
compensation.
SEC. 3. The right of the people to be
secure in their persons, houses,
papers, and effects against
unreasonable searches and seizures
of whatever nature and for any
purpose shall not be violated, and
no search warrant or warrant of
arrest shall issue except upon
probable cause to be determined by
the judge, or such other responsible
officer as may be authorized by law,
after examination under oath or
affirmation of the complainant and
the witnesses he may produce, and
particularly describing the place to
be searched, and the persons or
things to be seized.
SEC. 4. (1) The privacy of
communication and correspondence
shall be inviolable except upon
lawful order of the court, or when
public safety and order require
otherwise.
(2) Any evidence obtained in
violation of this or the preceding
section shall be inadmissible for any
purpose in any proceeding.
SEC. 5. The liberty of abode and of
travel shall not, be impaired except
upon lawful order of the court, or
when necessary in the interest of
national security, public safety, or
public health.
SEC. 6. The right of the people to
information on matters of public
concern shall be recognized. Access
to official records, and to documents
1987 CONSTITUTION CHANGES/AMENDMENTS
ARTICLE III (change in ARTICLE number)
Section 1. No person shall be
deprived of life, liberty, or property
without due process of law, nor shall
any person be denied the equal
protection of the laws.
Section 9. Private property shall not
be taken for public use without just
compensation.
Section 2. The right of the people Added:
to be secure in their persons, - personally by the judge
houses, papers, and effects against Deleted:
unreasonable searches and seizures - such other responsible
of whatever nature and for any officer as may be authorized by law
purpose shall be inviolable, and no
search warrant or warrant of arrest
shall issue except upon probable
cause to be determined personally
by the judge after examination
under oath or affirmation of the
complainant and the witnesses he
may produce, and particularly
describing the place to be searched
and the persons or things to be
seized.
Section 3. (1) The privacy of Added:
communication and correspondence - as prescribed by law
shall be inviolable except upon
lawful order of the court, or when
public safety or order requires
otherwise, as prescribed by law.
(2) Any evidence obtained in
violation of this or the preceding
section shall be inadmissible for any
purpose in any proceeding.
Section 6. The liberty of abode and Added:
of changing the same within the - and of changing the same
limits prescribed by law shall not be within the limits prescribed by law
impaired except upon lawful order of Separated Liberty of Abode and
the court. Neither shall the right to Travel
travel be impaired except in the
interest of national security, public
safety, or public health, as may be
provided by law.
Section 7. The right of the people Added:
to information on matters of public - government research data
concern shall be recognized. Access used as basis for policy
to official records, and to documents development
and papers pertaining to official
acts, transactions, or decisions, shall
be afforded the citizen subject to
such limitations as may be provided
by law.
SEC. 7. The right to form
associations or societies for
purposes not contrary to law shall
not be abridged.
SEC. 8. No law shall be made
respecting an establishment of
religion, or prohibiting the free
exercise thereof. The free exercise
and enjoyment of religious
profession and worship, without
discrimination or preference, shall
forever be allowed. No religious test
shall be required for the exercise of
civil or political rights.
SEC. 9. No law shall be passed
abridging the freedom of speech, or
of the press, or the right of the
people peaceably to assemble and
petition the Government for redress
of grievances.
SEC. 10. No law granting a title of
royalty or nobility shall be enacted.
SEC. 11. No law impairing the
obligation of contracts shall be
passed.
SEC. 12. No ex post facto law or bill
of attainder shall be enacted.
SEC. 13. No person shall be
imprisoned for debt or non-payment
of a poll tax.
SEC. 14. No involuntary servitude in
any form shall exist except as a
punishment for a crime whereof the
and papers pertaining to official
acts, transactions, or decisions, as
well as to government research data
used as basis for policy
development, shall be afforded the
citizen, subject to such limitations as
may be provided by law.
Section 8. The right of the people, Added:
including those employed in the - including those employed in
public and private sectors, to form the public and private sectors, to
unions, associations, or societies for form unions
purposes not contrary to law shall
not be abridged.
Section 5. No law shall be made
respecting an establishment of
religion, or prohibiting the free
exercise thereof. The free exercise
and enjoyment of religious
profession and worship, without
discrimination or preference, shall
forever be allowed. No religious test
shall be required for the exercise of
civil or political rights.
Section 4. No law shall be passed Added:
abridging the freedom of speech, of - of expression
expression, or of the press, or the
right of the people peaceably to
assemble and petition the
government for redress of
grievances.
Section 10. No law impairing the
obligation of contracts shall be
passed.
Section 22. No ex post facto law or
bill of attainder shall be enacted.
Section 20. No person shall be
imprisoned for debt or non-payment
of a poll tax.
Section 18. (1) No person shall be Added:
detained solely by reason of his - Par. (1)
political beliefs and aspirations.
party shall have been duty
convicted.
SEC. 15. The privilege of the writ of
habeas corpus shall not be
suspended except in cases of
invasion, insurrection, rebellion, or
imminent danger thereof, when the
public safety requires it.
SEC. 16. All persons shall have the
right to a speedy disposition of their
cases before all judicial, quasi-
judicial, or administrative bodies.
SEC. 17. No person shall be held to
answer for a criminal offense
without due process of law.
SEC. 18. All persons, except those
charged with capital offenses when
evidence of guilt is strong, shall,
before conviction, be bailable by
sufficient sureties. Excessive bail
shall not be required.
SEC. 19. In all criminal prosecutions,
the accused shall be presumed
innocent until the contrary is
proved, and shall enjoy the right to
be heard by himself and counsel, to
be informed of the nature and cause
of the accusation against him, to
have a speedy, impartial, and public
trial, to meet the witnesses face to
face, and to have compulsory
process to secure the attendance of
witnesses and the production of
evidence in his behalf. However,
after arraignment, trial may proceed
notwithstanding the absence of the
accused provided that he has been
duly notified and his failure to
appear is unjustified.
(2) No involuntary servitude in any
form shall exist except as a
punishment for a crime whereof the
party shall have been duly
convicted.
Section 15. The privilege of the writ Deleted:
of habeas corpus shall not be - insurrection, imminent
suspended except in cases of danger
invasion or rebellion when the public
safety requires it.
Section 16. All persons shall have
the right to a speedy disposition of
their cases before all judicial, quasi-
judicial, or administrative bodies.
Section 14. (1) No person shall be
held to answer for a criminal offense
without due process of law.
Section 13. All persons, except Added:
those charged with offenses - recognizance; right to bail
punishable by reclusion perpetua shall not be suspended even when
when evidence of guilt is strong, the privilege of the writ of habeas
shall, before conviction, be bailable corpus is suspended
by sufficient sureties, or be released
on recognizance as may be provided
by law. The right to bail shall not be
impaired even when the privilege of
the writ of habeas corpus is
suspended. Excessive bail shall not
be required.
Section 14.
xxx
(2) In all criminal prosecutions, the
accused shall be presumed innocent
until the contrary is proved, and
shall enjoy the right to be heard by
himself and counsel, to be informed
of the nature and cause of the
accusation against him, to have a
speedy, impartial, and public trial, to
meet the witnesses face to face, and
to have compulsory process to
secure the attendance of witnesses
and the production of evidence in
his behalf. However, after
arraignment, trial may proceed
notwithstanding the absence of the
accused provided that he has been
duly notified and his failure to
appear is unjustifiable.
SEC. 20. No person shall be
compelled to be a witness against
himself. Any person under
investigation for the commission of
an offense shall have the right to
remain silent and to counsel, and to
be informed of such right. No force,
violence, threat, intimidation, or any
other means which vitiates the free
will shall be used against him. Any
confession obtained in violation of
this section shall be inadmissible in
evidence.
SEC. 21. Excessive fines shall not be
imposed, nor cruel or unusual
punishment inflicted.
SEC. 22. No person shall be twice
put in jeopardy of punishment for
the same offense. If an act is
punished by a law and an ordinance,
conviction or acquittal under either
Section 17. No person shall be Added:
compelled to be a witness against - Competent and independent
himself. counsel, preferably of his own
choice. If he cannot afford the
services of counsel, he must be
Section 12. (1) Any person under provided with one. These rights
investigation for the commission of cannot be waived except in writing
an offense shall have the right to be and in the presence of counsel.
informed of his right to remain silent - Secret detention places,
and to have competent and solitary, incommunicado, and other
independent counsel preferably of similar forms of detention are
his own choice. If the person cannot prohibited.
afford the services of counsel, he - Par. (4)
must be provided with one. These
rights cannot be waived except in
writing and in the presence of
counsel.
(2) No torture, force, violence,
threat, intimidation, or any other
means which vitiate the free will
shall be used against him. Secret
detention places, solitary,
incommunicado, or other similar
forms of detention are prohibited.
(3) Any confession or admission
obtained in violation of this or
Section 17 hereof shall be
inadmissible in evidence against
him.
(4) The law shall provide for penal
and civil sanctions for violations of
this section as well as compensation
to and rehabilitation of victims of
torture or similar practices, and their
families.
Section 19. (1) Excessive fines shall Added:
not be imposed, nor cruel, - degrading or inhuman
degrading or inhuman punishment - 2nd sentence, Par. (1)
inflicted. Neither shall the death - Par. (2)
penalty be imposed, unless, for
compelling reasons involving
heinous crimes, the Congress
hereafter provides for it. Any death
penalty already imposed shall be
reduced to reclusion perpetua.
(2) The employment of physical,
psychological, or degrading
punishment against any prisoner or
detainee or the use of substandard
or inadequate penal facilities under
subhuman conditions shall be dealt
with by law.
Section 21. No person shall be
twice put in jeopardy of punishment
for the same offense. If an act is
punished by a law and an ordinance,
conviction or acquittal under either
shall constitute a bar to another
prosecution for the same act.
SEC. 23. Free access to the courts
shall not be denied to any person by
reason of poverty.
shall constitute a bar to another
prosecution for the same act.
Section 11. Free access to the Added:
courts and quasi-judicial bodies and - quasi-judicial bodies and
adequate legal assistance shall not adequate legal assistance
be denied to any person by reason
of poverty.