Pressure Measuring Devices

BY-SAURABH SINGH; DEEPAK BHADOURIYA; PRACHET PRAKASH; UDIT NARAYAN

MEENA; HIMANSHU SINGH
 2
IMPORTANT TERMS

Static Pressure:
fluid is not moving in space
Dynamic Pressure:
Fluid is in motion
Gauge Pressure:
Pg = Pabs - Patm
Head Pressure:
P = pgh

Chemical Process Control 17-Apr-16

 3
BOURDON TUBE

Chemical Process Control 17-Apr-16

 4
BOURDON TUBE

Range and Accuracy

pressure up to 100,000 psi
are not useful for low pressures under 15 psi
Advantages
Portable, Convenient and Leveling not necessary
Disadvantages
Not very much accurate and limited to static or quasi
static measurements

Chemical Process Control 17-Apr-16

 5
DIAPHRAGM PRESSURE SENSOR

Chemical Process Control 17-Apr-16

 6
DIAPHRAGM PRESSURE SENSOR

Range and Accuracy

Lower pressure up to 390 psi
Vacuums to 29.9 in. of Hg
Accurate up to 0.5% of full scale
Advantages
Faster than U-tube, linear for deflection of order of diaphragm
thickness
Disadvantages
Costly

Chemical Process Control 17-Apr-16

 7
DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE SENSOR

Chemical Process Control 17-Apr-16

 8
DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE SENSOR

Range and Accuracy

Lower pressure up to 390 psi
Vacuums to 29.9 in. of Hg
Accurate up to 0.5% of full scale
Advantages
Faster than U-tube, linear for deflection of order of diaphragm
thickness
Disadvantages
Costly

Chemical Process Control 17-Apr-16

 9
BELLOWS PRESSURE SENSOR

LVDT stands for Linear Voltage Differential Transformer

Chemical Process Control 17-Apr-16

 10
BELLOWS PRESSURE SENSOR

Range and Accuracy

Lower pressure less than 30 psi
Sensitivity 0.0012 MPa
Advantages
Linear relationship b/w displacement and pressure
Disadvantages
Can be connected only to on/off switch or potentiometer
and are only for low pressure

Chemical Process Control 17-Apr-16

 11
STRAIN GAUGE
The most common type of strain gauge consists of an insulating flexible backing which supports a metallic foil
pattern. The gauge is attached to the object by a suitable adhesive, such as cyanoacrylate

Chemical Process Control 17-Apr-16

 12
STRAIN GAUGE

Most strain gauges are made from a constantan

alloy and karma alloys
Advantages
High Sensitivity
Measurements of moving parts, overload protected,
ground isolated
Disadvantages
Low acceleration sensitivity

Chemical Process Control 17-Apr-16

 15
PIEZO ELECTRIC SENSORS

The piezoelectric effect of natural mono

crystalline materials such as quartz,
tourmaline and Rochelle salt is relatively
small. Polycrystalline ferroelectric ceramics
such as barium titanate (BaTiO3) and lead
zirconate titanate (PZT) exhibit larger
displacements or induce larger electric
voltages

Chemical Process Control 17-Apr-16

 16

VACUUM MEASURING DEVICES

Chemical Process Control 17-Apr-16

 17
BOURDON VACUUM GAUGE

Inside of tube bent into

circular arc connected to
vacuum
Bending of tube due to
effect of pressure
Pressure read on linear
scale

RANGE: 10mbar to
atmospheric pressure
Chemical Process Control 17-Apr-16
 18
CAPSULE VACUUM GAUGE

Hermetically sealed, evacuated,

thin-walled capsule

Capsule bulges as pressure

reduces

Bulging movement converted to

linear scale with help of pointer

Generally used to measure

Chemical Process Control absolute pressure 17-Apr-16
 19
DIAPHRAGM VACUUM GAUGE

A sealed chamber is
separated from vacuum
pressure to be measured

Pressure difference between

vacuum chamber and
reference chamber causes
diaphragm to move

Mechanical methods such as

lever, pointer etc. used to
convert flex to linear scale

Range- 1mbar to 2000mbar

Chemical Process Control 17-Apr-16
 20
CAPACITANCE VACUUM GAUGE

Contains pressure sensitive

diaphragms made of
ceramics

Diaphragm creates plate

capacitance

Capacitance varies with

movement of diaphragm

Range- 5-10 mbar to greater

Chemical Process Control than 1 atm 17-Apr-16
 21
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY GAUGE

Pressure depends on type of

Gas

Filament within the gauge

forms arm of wheatstone
bridge

Resistance of filament and its

temperature constant

Voltage across the arm is a

measure of pressure
Chemical Process Control 17-Apr-16
COLD CATHODE IONIZATION 22

VACUUM GAUGE

Uses 3 electrodes

Pressure is measured through a

gas discharge in the gauge
head

Output is an ion current

proportional to applied
pressure

Range: 10-2 Torr

Chemical Process Control 17-Apr-16
HOT CATHODE IONIZATION 23

VACUUM GAUGE

Uses 3 electrodes

Gas introduced in column of

gas containing free electron

Electron gets energized, if P<Pc

then V>Vc and electron gets
sufficient energy to ionize

At low pressure number of +ve

ions is proportional to pressure
Chemical Process Control 17-Apr-16
 24

REFERENCES

Curtis b Johnston process control, 8th edition, Process Control and

Instrumentation Technology.
Thomas E. Kissell, 3rd edition, Industrial Electronics.

Chemical Process Control 17-Apr-16

 25

THANK YOU
ANY QUERIES???
For any further queries you can drop an email at saurabhsingh368@gmail.com with subject as title of presentation prefixed with Query.

Chemical Process Control 17-Apr-16