[Se mawie’stighscict | Piyseatearmert | NQ 5 Physics Unit 2 Dynamics and Space TutorialsTutorial 1 Average Speed 0 @ @ “ © o o @) ‘Amman runs 100m ina time of 18s Coleulate his average speed “The everoge speed of a car is 27m", How long would it take him to travel 380m? How for wile sparrow fying at en average speed of Bs! travel in 25mins? ‘Acar travels 240k na tne of 2 Shours. Cleulte its averoge speed ink ‘The diagram shows @zoler completing on asscut course ina tine ef ins. “tm Zim thewal 60m (6) Comert 6 minutes int seconds? (0) How far aid he run in the Bins? (2) What was his everage speed over the course in ms"!? (@) State one part of the course he'd be traveling faster thon this average speed? () State one part of the course he'd be traveling slower thon tis average speed? A man rane along. flat couse of distance 420m ina te of 700. (0) Calelate his everage speed? (b) Abird flies the same distance with a constant speed of 6s! Hom long would it Yoke the bird? ‘A train trove 45k in 36minutes, What is its average speed ins! [At the top ofa slope the sped of «balls zero, At the bottom ofthe il the balls speed teams! Estinate the average speed ofthe ball ‘Along distance lorry driver has 3 hours te teavel 210km to get to the cross chennel Ferry o (0) Caleulate the average speed she would have to travel at to mace the ferry in kmh! (©) Due to heavy traffic the average epeed over the first 100km was 6Okmb Calculate how long this part of the journey took. (© At what speed must he travel at for the rest of the joumey to catch the ferry {he TineT Gy ta) 1.000m (SEKI? (SNA) BBs (B)S2Om (e)OBBMET Ka) me) TOs (214m (asst (6}(a)7Okm"E (&) LETH Ce) 82.Tenb" I(9) ay 2) (3) ‘A supersonic plane can fly at Mach 2 (twice the speed of sound), How long would it take @ supersonic plane to travel the length of a football pitch ~ 100m? ‘This table shows the train timetable for a journey between Glasgow ond Aberdeen, Route Distance covered | departure tine _| arrival time ‘Glasgow to Stirling 40k 9.00) 9.48 Stirling to Perth 60k 9.48 1109 Perth to Dundee 40k 11.04 1220 Dundee to Aberdeen 100k 1212 130 (@) What was the total distance traveled in kn? (©) What was the total time token in hrs? (€)_ Calculate the average speed fer the whole journey in kr (@) What was the average speed between Stirling and Perth in ker? (@) Just by lacking at the numbers - on which part of the journey do you think the rain wes teavelling much slower than the average speed? ‘This diagram shows part of araller coaster ride including a circular lop. The travels from A fo B ina time of 8.55, . (@) Use the information to work out the average speed of the journey? (hint - circumference) (b) When would it have been travelling slower than the average speed? (©) When would it have been travelling faster than the average speed? Bob's sailing boat travels a distance of 20km from one port to another on @ day when the wind was very variable. It took the boat 2hré to make the tip. : (0) Calculate his average speed in ms“! (©) Bob's brother Dave makes the same journey in his motor boot, At what constant speed would Dave have to travel at ta get fo the port at exactly the some time as Bob. (© Later, Dave travels back the sane distance in his motor boat with an constant speed of 4ms"!. How long will it take Dave to cover the 20km this time? (Hopate (11) (a) 240i CB) 4B (E)S8.AMrT (OAM (eV) 444m (19%) Leen! @) 188m! (2 50008 LTutorial 2 Instantaneous Speed (1) What dowe call the speed at one particular point ona journey. (2) Aboy tries to measure the speed of this car He measures the time for the front wheels ‘Yo travel the Im from X to ¥. a (@) Tf the time he measured was 0.12s caleulate the instantaneous speed of the car. (&) Why is this nota very accurate way of measuring the instantaneous speed of the car? . (3) Agirl sets up light gate atteched toa timer to measure the instantaneous speed of the trolley. (2) How long di it take the trolley to cut the light beam? (b) How far did the trolley tavel inthis time? (c) Use the data te calculate the instantaneous speed of the car ir ms (4) He now uses alight gate to help him measure the instontcneous speed of the car at point x. (@) Calculate the instantaneous speed of the car at point X (8) Aight gate was used to measure the instantaneous speed of o dragster as it crosses the finish line. The tal fin, which has a breadth of 36cm, is used to cut the light beam. (0.0086 (@)__ Use the information to calculate its instantaneous speed. {2y—) 83ms1 (fe) L04Bs (b) Gem (6) L8BMeET (4) 15MET (5) 45m“ 5© ” ® {A light gate is used to measure the instantaneous speed of an athlete srossing the Finishing line of a race. (©) Apart from the time it takes them te cut the beam what other bit of infermation {is required to measure her instantaneous speeds? (b) Why's this an inaccurate method of measuring her instontaneous speed? (©) Tnone test the width of the athlete is 48cm and the time she rook to cut the beam wwes 0.075, Caleuate hes instantaneous speed ‘A trolley travels down the slope ¢s shown, The card cuts the light beam, ‘The student makes the following measurements. distance X to ¥ = 125m length of card = 0.1m time for troley to rol from X to Y= Bs time for card to cut the light gate = 0.28 (0) Calculate the average speed of the trolley between X and ¥ {) Galelate the Instantaneous speed of the trolley et Z seadey Wiggin conpletes0170km stag ofthe Tour de France no tine of hrs a nee aconch measured the nee ek total by ahease (A) and between two trees (B) AR —Y epal Tm = _ » za] (0) Measure Bradley's average speed acress the whole journey ink. {) Use the information to work out Bradley's instantaneous speed at the house, cond the trees eee eee (ene same? (7jay0.25me (o) :5ms“BYe) 20.3 (ome / zomst y® @ ® “ © ® o ® 0 iar Fem 2am (ya) 16m 8} 0m”) 40DM (b) Om (3a) Tutorial 3 Vectors and Scclars (@) Galeulate the distance it travelled (b) Colette the displacement from the 20m 20m strting point A sot sah Abo aks 4m cst hen tran wa 30 west shown wee fish (@ _Caleulate the distance it travelled wm ccm (b) Colette the displacement from the sorting point on ‘Aman in lift travels 100m tothe 1p floor then 60m back down es shown a (© caleulare the etronce he travels soon |_| com (©) Calculate his displacement from the (0. round ‘car travels Bk North then Bkm South (@) State the distance the car travels. (&) Caleulate the displacement of the car from the start. ‘Arman runs one lp of a 400m race. Calculate (@) the distance travelled. (©) _ the displacement of the man from the start ‘A boat travels 400m North, then 600m South then 400m North. Coculate () the distance travelled (6) the displacement of the boat from the start (yay Vom (ey Tom east (Ba) Teor (@) 40m upwards 001m 2) 200m (North) 5(10) Look at these diagrams, Use 3 Figure bearings to pinpoint the displacerient of each bat from the centre, © © © y w. w. £ 360 s 8 @ © o N N akan 2 e e (11) Four fishing boats ore fishing off the coast of a small sland as shown Use your judgment te state which boat is we (@) ona bearing 063 from the island. s (©) onabearing 270 from the island, AA {@) en bearng 200 from te isn sions {(B Srabearng 150 from the isin a OD (eo) —suggest bearing for bost Cfrom = - feline? A - ce o (12) boy walks 80m North then 20m East as shown 20m ! ten (@) Calculate the distance it travelled (0) Caledate the disploement fromthe aS starting pint. [Goya ain( 030) (0) HOKmOBO) () Thm $45) (2) 600m(25O)(C)7BKCIO | gg [t2hm(230) (IN) A @) € ()D (4) () 180 (12)a) 100m (b) 82.5a0014) 63) a) (8) 1) a7) as) ‘A boot sails 400m east then 200m north as shown, ‘ini (a) Calculate the distance ir travelled (©) Calculate the displacement from the fal starting point. Fe sat Aor ‘an orienteer travels 420m south then 280m west as shown, start (@) Calculate the distance it travelled (@) Calculate the displacement from the 420m Starting point. finish 28 ‘A plane flies the following course. After leaving the airport it flies 800km west then it travels 460hm North, (2) Sketch @ vector diagram showing the route the plane tokes. (©) Caleulate the distance it travelled. (©) Calculate the displacement from the starting point ‘A boat travels 400m North, 200m West then 100m South. By drawing a diagram calculate (0) thedistance travelled (©) the displacement of the boat from the starting point. A Gillin jogs 200m east then 120m dorth in a time of 60s. (@) Calculate the distance she travelled ioe) (b) Calculate her average speed, (c) _Caleulate the displacement from the. © Cale ph from thé — starting point. (A) Caleulate her average velocity (©) Tf Kate started at the starting point ond ran with a constant speed of 3.9ms"l directly towards the finish, who would arrive atthe finish point first? et 200m Liam walks 100m east then 200m west then 80 ecst ina time of 100s. (2) Galeulate his average speed () —Caleulate his average velocity (©) Susan walk directly From the start to the finish point with a constant speed of 0.2ms"t, Whe gets to the finish point first? {12K=) 60m (0) 447m (085) (14K) 700M (R) SOA 214) (214) (TEND) 280K (6, $22. (200) (19,)700m (0) 361m (328) (1718) 320m () 5. smet(c) 238.2mIC52) (4) 3.8m (C56) both (480) 2m" (>) 02me-west (6) both at same tine }Tutorial 4 Combining Velocity Vectors ] (1) A fisherman is trying to row his boat at 2ms-! north across ariver os shown, ‘The river is flowing at a velocity of éms'l to the east. § (©) Caleulate the resultent velocity of the boat () How long would take her to cross the river? (©) How far frompoint X will he ‘reach the opposite bank? som (2) Aparachutist is descending ata constant vertical speed of Sms“. The cross wind is blowing at a speed of 7s"! as shown (@)Caleuete her resultant velocity > Tet (©) How long wilt toke her te land? tn| 4 {@) How for fom her landing point X ome wil he actualy land? x (8) Aplen is fying due North at 200ms-t The wind was bowing due west at @ speed of 6Omss shown, () Calculate its resultant velocity (6) Which bearing should the pilot fly at to, ‘ensure he is travelling due North? (4) A-space probe is travelling through space with velocity of 400ms {A solar flare creates a solar wind of velocity 160nss shown, | s80me7 solar wind Ft —— tones (0) What the probe's resultant velocity? (ane) 6 me 1072) () TEE (2) 80m (15Ha) TOM 7AI dew prarsh ) 205 (6 140 (G8) 200m (28) ()200m=017) (7) () 42TMe (206 tow haze 3Tutorial 5 Acceleration 'bo the questions inthis tutorial in your head. (1) This diagram shows the speed of car each second as it accelerates along a road ome amet ems! Bret os ie Es 3 (@) What is the acceleration of the cor? (©) Tsita constant acceleration? (©) What isthe velocity after 5s ifthe acceleration is constant? (2) Herecere twe numbers 40m“ and &ms-2, Which one isan acceleretion and which one is a speed? (2) Atmotorboat accelerates from rest at a constant rate of 1Oms"? (©) This tells ue that the speed of the matorbeat is increasing by how much each second? (b) What would be its fina speed if it maintained this acceleration for 4s? (4) This diagram shows pictures taken every second of a plane taking off to5ms" or soms* eS 7 73m" ome 20s mst cms? “Oe Nee (2) What is the acceleration of the plane on the run way? (b)__ What is the plane's acceleration in the 3 after it has token off? (©) Acyelist accelerates from rest at 2ms® for 3s. What is his final speed? (6) Arocket accelerates from rest at 30ms for 5s. What is its final speed? (7) Arecket traveling at a constant speed of 200ns'! starts to accelerate at Ams-® ‘What is its speed after 657® ° 9) ay (2) (3) 4) Look at this cor travelling long the road et a constont speed. It then accelerates, The diogram shows the speed of the car each second of its journey ome ome 20mst 25m somet 35mst Os 1s 2s 38 rs 8 (0) What isthe acceleration of the can? (b) Tit keeps accelerating at this constant rate what is its speed after 7s. “The speed of a train ig shown each second as it enters a station. ames! amet tems! same a an “ a (@) What is the deceleration of the train? (©) What is the acceleration of the train? (€) What is the speed after 457 (4) How long would it take to come to rest if it decelerated at a eonstant rate? 1 you know the acceleration of an object and for how long it has bees accelerating, ‘ean you say how you would find the change in the speed of the object? ‘The folowing describes a journey a car makes. Answer the questions related to each part of the journey, De the working in your head, (a) Acar accelerates from rest at Sms" . What is its speed after 45? (©) _Thecar travels at this maximum speed for 5s. How far didit travel while ‘travelling ct this constant maximum speed. (©, Trthen decelerates from this maximum speed at 1Oms'? unti it comes to rest. How long would it take to come to rest. ‘A car travels along a road ata constant speed of 2Oms'.It then accelerates for ‘4s at aconstont rate of 2ms™. Tt travels at this new speed for 5s before decelerating at 7ms°2 for @ further 25, What is the final speed of the car? ‘A racing car accelerates from rest at 4s"? for 5s then it accelerates at ms"? for 35, Ti then decelerates at 2ms"! for 5s, What is the final speed of the cor? A space shuttle enters the atmosphere ot 4000ns", It decelerates et a constont rete of 300me2 . What sits speed after 5s? (exe) Emr? (ABS! (He) Ane? (G) Anse (@) BET (A) Gs (NHK) 20m () 100m. (02 (2)M4me4 3) 28nst (14) 2500nst loTutorial 6 Velocity vs Time Graphs 1 (1) Lookt this velocity time graph During which part of the graph A to F was the object (0) ecceleretng v (©) traveling ot «constant speed (© decelerating t (2) This groph shows the motion of a footballer ahe runs down the wing, Neat (@) During what time was he . Jeagng at a content speed (©) When wos he sprinting by the full beck at a constont speed (©) When didhe try to slow down 3] | before he got Ye the dead bal line [eel (©) When didhe acelerate up to his ° + 6 8 te sprinting speed (3) Look at this velocity time graph showing the speed of a sprinter during a race. vinet) ag ! a 4 2 118) T2s4s5 6789 10 (0) What was his speed after 35? (©) What wes his maximum speed? (©) Ferhow long did he travel at this maximum speed? (2) Forhow ing did he decelerate? (©) What was his azceleration? ie what i the increase in speed per 1s) (F) What was his deceleration? (ie what isthe decrease in speed per 1s) (4) Sketch the folowing graphs (A) Avacing car accelerates from rest to 18ms-l in 3s, Tt then travels at this constant speed for 5s. Tt then decelerates to rest in a further 6s, (8) Acyelist travels at 2 constant speed of 12ms"! for 5s, She suddenly accelerates at “4ma"? for 3s before holding this speed for 6s. Then he decelerates to rest in 7s.(©) This velocity time graph shows car travelling long the road to the right then changing direction, We set "to the right" is the positive direction 7 ramet} viens) toms (a) At which part of the graph was the car travelling tothe right &t & constant velocity of 12m (&) When was the car decelerating while traveling to the right? (©) Atwhat time did it change direction (@) When was the car accelerating but tothe left? {e) What was the velocity of the cor when it was travelling at constant speed to the left? (f) When was the car decelerating to rest while travelling tothe lft (6) Agiri fires an arrow up into the ai. The following velocity time graph describes its mnotion. (assume no energy is lost). Take upwards as the positive direction, 40 (ms) e m (c) At what velocity did it leave the bow? (b) Inthe first 4s was the arrow accelerating or decelerating (6) Atwhat time did it reach its highest point? (@)__ Why are the velocities after 41s negative values? (e) From 41. 82s was the arrow accelerating or decelerating 6) ‘aya) Ome! (eae! (6) Ss (0) 2s (o) ame? (d) 4s (SNe) 0-28 (fa) Aor (dee {c)4ts ld) As raving donvareds (e) a0 12(7) The Following velocity time graph shows the velecity ofa ball dropped from the top of @ cliff and bouncing once, (assume no energy is lst) (toke downwards as the positive sireetion —t>, viens") te (0) How long did it take te hit the ground? (b) What was its velocity when t hit the ground? (©) Whyare the velocities after 5.1s negative values? (@) The folowing graph shows the velecty of a ball dropped from q builing and bouncing ‘once, In this question we have taken velocities in the upward direction to be positive, (0) What was its velocity just cs it was dropped? (&) At what velocity aid it hit 20ms-t v(ms) ‘the ground? (©) Whyis ita minus number? (i) Atwhat speed did it leave a ‘the ground? (e) Why is this less than -30m/s? (6) How long di it tke 10 rise to Its maximum height? (xa) Ome ()-30m= (6 ravating downmards (8) 20" (e) ction (1.98 13Tutorial 7 Acceleration Equation o @ ) “ 6) ® o bo the working for Q 1-4 in your head “This diagram shows a car accelerating from rest to 12ms ina time of 3s rans 0s 35 (@) By how much did its speed change in the 35? (@) Therefore by how much did its speed change in 15? (© Sowhat isthe acceleration of the car? “This diagram shows a plane accelerating from 200ns‘t 10 360ms"! in Bs, 200m! —> 380ns1 —> os Be (@) By how much di its speed change inthe 51? (0) Therefore by how much did its speed change in is? {@) _Sewhat isthe aeeleratin of the plane? A motor cyelist accelerates from rest to 28ms"t ina time of 4%. What is its acceleration? ‘A sportscar accelerates from 12ms'! to 30ms"! ina tine of 38, What sits eceleration? ‘Atrain accelerates from 6ms"! to 35me" in time of 45s. What ists aeceleration? ‘A fighter plone accelerates from 230ms"! to 640ms"1in time of 225. What isthe ‘acceleration of the fighter? “This table gives information about the time it takes different cars tego frem 0 to 26ms" Car time (6) Bugatti Veyron 25 Lamborghini Aventador 28 Porsche 911 6TS 33 [Nissan Mera 5 (2) Which car has the largest acceleration? (b) Calculate the acceleration of the Bugatti ond the Nissan Micra, (104 / 173m) (ia) met @y ams!) Ame? (2Ne) 3Ome? (8) 7s? A) ome? (O64? (6) 18.6ms* Ue@ ° ‘Acar accelerates from 12kmh! to SBkinr! in a time of Bs, Calculate the acceleration of the ear in anheist ‘A motorboat accelerates from 30mph to ZOmph in 7s, Calculate the acceleration of the ‘motorboat in mphs"! (10) ay ay 03) aay i) (8) an (8) 19) 0) a A rocket accelerates ot 25ms"? from rest to 100ns't, How long did it take to reach o0ms12 How long would take a submarine to aeeelerate from 15ms‘! 10 32m" if the acceleration of the submarine was 18ms'?? ‘A cyclist traveling at Ss“ accelerates at d éonstant rate of 25ms'® What is the final velocity of the cyclist after 45? [plone accelerates from rest along a runway at arate of 18m"? for7s ‘What was the final velocity of the plane? ‘A cor used ina car chase ona film accelerates to a velecity of 42ms". Tf the car accelerated ot 45ms-2 for Ss what was the intl velocity of the car? [A boy drops a stone from rest at the top of o cliff. If it accelerates downmards at 98ms-? what is its velocity after 657 {A plone touches down with a velocity of 78ms* if it tokes the plane 26s to slow down to rest what is the acceleration of the plane? ‘Acar traveling at « constant velacity of 27ms"t slows down as it approaches @ somph (ms!) speed zone. If it takes the:car 5s to slow down from 27 to ms" what is the ‘acceleration of the car? ‘A cor travelling at a constant velocity of 24ms slows down at arate of 4ms'2, What is ‘he velocity of the car after 5s? ‘train enters « station at a constant velocity of Sms-t Tf it slows down at a constant rate of O.8me® how long did it take the tran to come 10 rest? ‘A cyclist travelling ota constant velocity of 18ms"t slows down ata constant rate of 3ms-2. How long would it take the cyclist to come to rest? ‘Ameteorite enters the Earth's atmasphere were it slows down at a rate of 100ms"2 Tf the velocity of the meteorite after 17s is 1200ms"! what was theinitial velocity of the meteorite ¢s it entered the atmosphere? Woekwbrlse! G} 5 7mohs! (10) 48 (29.45 (2) 1st (8) HebmsT (14) MST (5) SRG! (16)-3:42me2 (17)-2.8me2 (18) 4st (18) 1.35 (20) 6s (21}2900nst 15Tutorial 8 Velocity - Time Graphs 2 (1) This velocity time graph shows the velocity of a boy en a sledge racing down «hl | mst) 79 2 8 5 2 (©) What was the highest velocity of the boy? (b) For how long did he travel at this constant velocity? (€) Calculate the acceleration of the boy during the first Bs (2) Calculate the acceleration between 15 and 285 (2) Locka this graph showing the motion of a motorboat, During which part of the motion wos ‘the acceleration the greatest? During which part af the motion was the deceleration the least? ‘When was it traveling at the highest speed? (3) This graph shows how the velocity of a plane changes as it flies through a storm. 400 wens) 20 480 ° 8 20 2 te) (@) What was the highest velocity of the plane? (b) What was the intial velocity of the plane at time 0s? (€) _Galeuiate the acceleration ofthe plane during the first 8s. (@) _Caleulte the acceleration between 20 and 328 (fe) 20s) 108 () dns ()-L.7 ms (36) 400ms"! () 1BOMst (2) ans? (A) 15 16(4) This graph show the mation of acar over 10s, vost) 8 0 te) 4 10 (@) Calculate the distance the car covers inthe 10s. ad PKe res (©) What was his maximum speed of the ear during the journey? (©) What was its average speed? (©) For each of these velocity time graphs work out the distance the object travelled ‘Speeds are measured in ms"! and time in seconds. @ © © v i v 20 50 200 i 100 | : oat sat 2030 46t (6) This velocity time graph shows a car traveling at a constant speed, then accelerating, ‘traveling at a constant speed then decelerating to rest. 2a 7, | Vers) | 10] : te) 6 10 20 (@) How far did the car travel while it accelerated? (©) How far did it travel while decelerating (4a) 144m) Ome" fe) 4mst (52) 100m (o) 575m (e)S000m (6\a) 68m (b) 8m 0Tutorial 9 Force (1) What can cause the speed, direction or shope of an object to change? (2) What dowe call the force which pulls you down onto your chair? @) What do we call the force which acts between touching surfaces and tries to stop them roving? ‘Mass and Weight “his table shows the gravitational field strength indifferent situations Place. (Nig) Mercury 4 Venus 9 moon 16 Mars 4 Space Station | 8.6 Supiter 26 Saturn 1 Uranus 1 Neptune 12 (4) Avboy has a mass of 58Hg on Earth, What is his mass (@)_. on the moon (@) on Tupiter (©) indeep space? (©) Theweight of o rock on Earth is SOON. What does this mean? (6) The gravitational field etrength at sea level of the Earth is 9.8Nkg', What does this mean? (7) The gravitational field strength on the top of mount Everest is 9.78Nkg"*. Why is the 9 force here less than at sea level, (6) The mass of agirlis 48kg, (a) What isher weight on Earth? (©) What is the weight on Mars (©) What is her weight on Jupiter (9) (6) Onwhich planet would she feel the heaviest? (b) _Avwoman has a mass of 64kg, What is her weight on the moon? (@)_Arrock on mars has @ mass of 460kg, What ists weight on Mars? (@)__ The rock is taken back to Earth, What is its weight on Earth? {e)_Anestronout in the space station has a weight of 720N, Whe is his moss? 18(10) Anostronat of mass 83kg touches down ona distant planet. His weight on the planet is 350N. (©) What isthe gravitational field strength g on the planet? (@) Would she fee lighter or heavier than on Earth. (©) He finds a rock of mass 45kg, What is its weight on this planet? (11) On Jupiter a space probe has a weight of 6800N, What is its mass? (12) Anastronast has a pen of mass 249, What is its weight in the space station? (13) tf amanhas @ weight of 7OON on Earth what is his weight on Neptune? Eriction (14) When surfaces touch a force called friction acts between then to stor them moving. If we could look at the surfaces under a micrescope what would they look like? (U5) Here are pictures of touching surfaces. “ 8) CC (@) Which surfaces would create the most friction if moved over each other? (6) Which surfaces would create the least friction if moved over each other? (16) Fer each of the felling examples state whether you want the friction to be BIG or SMALL between the following sufaces (@) _Wakingbocts and (Gy) mounisin bike tyres (<)_boltomof bos and groure ‘and ground, water surface climbing rope bat fk an F's feet and the and hands cating “Su se (17) _ In some situotions we have to get a good balance (©) Why is too much friction between car tyres and the read a bad thing? (&) But why is oo little friction also a bad thing? 19(18) For each situation state if friction is being reduced by seperating or smoothing the surfces (0 eesttingbost —(&)seudng = (@)_—_—_—Raersander bck (©) oitinengine —(@)-—Hovereratt (A) chiles side a eS 6 aS (19) Acar slides off the road ona very wet day. (@) _ Whyis the friction between the tyres and the road reduced? (©) Onthe approach to traffie lights the road surface is made slightly reugher. Why? (20) How isthe friction between a hackey puck and the table tp reduced ina game of air hockey? (21) A gymnast whois to perform on the bars has very sweaty hands (©) Why would this decrease the friction between her hands and the bars? (6) What does she do te increase the friction or grip? (22) (a) What type of stopping force is created when an abject moves through clr? (6) Deseribe what a streamlined object looks tke (@) State 3 ways a cyclist can make herself streamlines? {@)__ State how fost car can push itself down closer to the road so less air hits it? (What do lorries add to their cabs te reduce air friction? (23) Ineach diagram state whether the force Fis Tension or the Reaction force, © ® dy © Tila Big to Sag Ce) SOK. Ea) ATO ANTE] TOON [o)124BN (By) dupe (0)102.4N (e) 40N (a) 45060 (2) 83:7kg (10)(a) 4 2NKG-1b) inter (e)18ON (11) 264.5kg (12, 0.21N (13) 857N, 20Tutorial 10 Newton's 1st Law of Motion © (0) Here are 4 blocks. State which blocks) show balanced forces acting onthe them, an aN oy F aN Y a Sape tee ¢ pbk 3N i} 10N aN (©) Object Ate sttionary- Ifthe some forces ae applied describe its motion @ @ a “A weeks later, : (©) Object Bis moving at « constant speed. Tf the same forces conrimue to be epplied describe its motion 10s later, ‘This car is traveling along the road at « constant speed Ae frietion= 2 <<—— > Engine Force = 1500 {a} Describe the forces on it (6) Sowhat is the size of the air friction? ‘A cyclist is travelling along the read at @ Lao a ‘constant speed of Gr 3. The total fiction acting on him i 55ON. (0) What isthe forward force caused by his pedelling? (©) What is his speed 10s later ifthe forces donot change? “The wight of aheleoptr i 80,0001. t (0) What isthe upward lift force created by ‘the helicopter when itis hovering (©) What is the upward lift force created by the helicopter when is moving upwards with 80,000) (2a) bataned (b) 1600N (8a) SON (b)Bms-t_ (40) 80,000N (H) 60,000N 2(8) This motor boot is travelling along a river @at constant speed. ‘i friction = 200 <———, > Engine Force = 700N Water frictie — (@) fits traveling at a constant speed what it the total frictional force ‘cting on the boat? (b) What isthe size of the water friction on the boat? 20008 (6) Apiano is lowered onto a ship by a crane ata constant speed, Tf the tension in the wire is 2000N, What is the weight F of the piano? w (7) Inactug of war competition the blue team are taking on the red team. ‘The blue team pull tothe right with a force of 3000N. The hanky renains stationary, Red team Blue team (2) What isthe size end direction of the force applied by the red team? () Each member of the red team can apply an average farce of 250N. How many cre in the red team? fe) One member of the red team sprains her ankle and leaves the competition ‘State and explain what happens. (8) Indep space a space ship accelerates toa speed of 4000ms* . The engines are then switched off. What is the speed of the space ship 20s later? Explain (9) Anazroplane of weight 60,000N flys at aconstant speed and = YS Constant height, The forward engine force was 10,000N. i {a) What isthe frictional force onthe plane? (6) What is the lift force produced by the wings? (10) This graph shows the v speed of acar ona journey, (e) During which part of the journey are the forces on the car bclanced? oe eee ‘Ela TOON () 0N (6) 2000N (7a) 3000N to et fo) 12 (8) 4000m5"t aLTutorial 11 Newton's 2nd Law of Motion —_| (1) Look i these three diagrams, Calculate the unbalanced force and its direction on each @ o {"* © - Yom a ¥ en with a force of BN _ GE (0) What is the unbalanced force on the trolley? (6) Caleulate the acceleration of the trolley. (8) Look. this 2kg trolley. an «—{ag uN (@) Caleulote the unbalanced force on the trolley. (6) Galeulate the acceleration of the trolley, (©) Tit started from rest and the forces renin the Same what's the speed after 4s? (4) Tis diogram shows a plone taking off Engine force = 130,000N Total friction forces = 10,000N (@) What is the unbalanced force acting on the plane. (@) If its mass is 20,000kg calculate is acceleration. (©) Lookat these two diograms, For each work out the unbalanced force and acceleration @ ) ve tretin: 400 cy ae aa — 4 “ so Liais7 tote : a ion on Te) 20N BV AON Ge) TON HADNT (Ey me™ (ya) TON H) Be (0) BO (4a) 120.000N o) Ome (5()720ON, 18ms"® (@) SON, OEMS? 23(6) A 70Kg side is ples along with on engine force of 250N os shown, (@) Whats the unblaneed force onthe skidoo? “LR Sp {b) What isthe acceleration ofthe skidoo aS (7) ‘The forces on a bus of mass 4,500kg are shown 3600N <+——— AGS ——+ 160N (©) Calculate the unbalanced force () Calculate the acceleration (8) The tension ina wire paling a lift upwards is 45,000N. t 7 =45,000N “The weight of the itis 4L,60N. (©) Whot i the unblanced force co the lift {@)_Trinermoss of thefts 4200 ele the [ wesnseen tceleration of theif. Y (8) A 1009 pin balls Fired with a force of LEN. What is its acceleration? (10) Anil tonker of mass L.7x108kg is pulled by an engine foree of 3.2x10°N. Tf the frictional force is equal 0 5:7XI04N calculate the acceleration of the tanker. (11) A700kg car accelerates along « road, The engine force is 2400N andthe frictional Forces ere 430N. By drawing @ force diagram calculate the acceleraton of the car. (12) A car of mass 640kg accelerates from rest to 24ms-! na time of 6s, Coleus the ‘unbalanced force on the car. (Hint - find acceleration) (3) A trolley accelerates to the right as shown ata constant rate of 2m, — (2), What is the unbalanced force on the sn <—{. -}—> 20n srolley? Ob) What is the mass of the trolley? (14) This diagram shows a car accelerating to the left at 3ms°®, (0) Calculate the unbolonced force on the car: (©) Calculate the mass of the car. oe ‘Bray EON) Zama (Hla TOON EV Oma (ya) SEAON (H)OBME™ (G) 15MS™ (10) 0016 MS™ (15)2.6ms- (12) 2560N (19K} T2N (0) 6kg (14K) 2HON () THK 2,(5) Look at these two diagrams. For each diagram caleulate the unknown quantity ‘The arrows above the objects indicate the direction the object is traveling @) (b) _ 7 16N 48N san 2° to | 8kg > + m=? > ——— too (16) 4.40009 tain travels into a train station, Tis traveling to the right as shown, + = ed) Pole 4 ooo tno 0G (2) What is the unbalanced force acting on the train? (0) Calculate the acceleration of the train Braking force (©) Tf the train enters the station ata speed of 12ms* and slows down at this rate how long would it take the train tg come to rest? (17) 412.0009 space shuttle enters the atmosphere with a speed of 8000s"! ‘The frieional forces on it are shown aovomst ‘ition force = 1,200,000N 72,000K9 a (©) What isthe unbalanced force on the shuttle? (6) What isthe acceleration of the shuttle? (©) What isthe speed of the shuttle after 1057 (18) A plone of mass 5000ks lands on the deck of an aircraft carrier. A rope catches ‘ie plone and apples a braking force of 208,000N. Calculate the plane's acceleration (49) This 250kg mass is accelerates upwards at 0.4m using @ crane Tension (0) Tf the box is eccelerating upwords which force Isbgger The Tension ot Wash * Besa (6) What do we call the difference between the ¥ weight size of these forces? {oR (©) Galeuiate the weight of the box. (@)_Caleulate the unbalanced force an the box. (©) _Caleulate the upward Tension in the wire (aKa) am® (o) 4Bhg (TON) -GOOON fo) Ema? (=) 86 (A7Ha) -1200,000N 100m (c)ToGoms (18) -4146ms-2 (19Ke) 2450N (6) 10ON! (e) 2550 25(20) Here isa picture of a car accelerating to the right The engine farce is 2000N > Friction Force <<—— + Force engine = 20001 (a) Which force is bigger - the engine force of the friction force? (b) What do we call the difference between the engine ond frictional force? (6) The unbalanced force is SOON, So what isthe frictional force (21) Accrane accelerates a box off e building site, “The weight of the box is SOOON. on (@) Tit isaccelerating upwards which force {is bigger - the Tension upwards or the weight? (b) Tf the unbalanced force is 2000N what is u ‘the upward force? wight 25000 (22) Look i this 780kg motor boat accelerating to the left at a constant &.2ms <— en et (@) Tf the boot is accelerating to the eft, which force is bigger - the Engine force or the frietional force? (b) What do we call the difference between the size of these forces ? {e) Calculate the unbalanced force on the boat. (@)__Galevlate the friction force (23) Acar of mass 1000kg is accelerating along a motorway at a constant rate of 3m {a} Calculate the unbalanced force Fr a 3800N (©) TF the engine force is 3800N calculate the ~¢a— frictional force. (24) A-20,000kg jet plane accelerates at constant 15ms"® along @ runway ct take off. “The frictional force is 100,000N. > Feng 100.0008 (@) _Galeulate the unbalanced force, > (©) Caleuate the engine force, se (2246) A7TON (a) T2BAN (23 [OD0N [BOON (24) 800,000N (B) 400,008 26Tutorial 12 Newton's Laws and Car Safety o @ @ a ° © A girl is standing up in o bus which is travelling ot constant speed of L2ms" The driver brakes suddenly —> foo Oa OL (@) Tf the girl is ot holding onto anything describe her motion? (©) Which of Newton's lans describes this motion? (©) What wll apply the unbalanced force required to decelerate and stop her? (@) Which of Newton's laws deseribes this motion? ‘na car, the driver applies brakes to slow the car down. What provides the unbalenced force to slow YOU down? ‘A cor is parked. A child is sitting in the rear of car A as shown in dag without a seat belt on. Another car 8 hits the stationary car from the rear. Diag 2 dog diag 2 (©) Wht happens to the cor A when i is rear ended lke this? (b) Tf the child is not wearing a seat belt, use Newton's first law to describe what happens ta her: (©) Why wauld wearing a set belt have made a difference? fridge ‘A large fridge is packed, put on wheels and putin the back of a lorry as shown, The flaar of the lorry is very smooth. The driver puts his foot down and accelerates. Use Newton's laws to say what will happen to the fridge “Tnmost cars cir bags are fitted. How do they prevent you from damaging your head when the car is stopped suddenly? “The front of acar is made to crumple when in@ head on collision. How does this crumpling prevent the passenger from being severely injured? 2Tutorial 13 Rocket Motion and Freefall w @ ® @ @ © “This 60kg rocket is traveling upwards at a constant speed, (ignore cir friction) Tus (0) What is the weight of the rocket? () Therefore what isthe upward farce or thrust on the racket? Y welaht A toy rocket with mass 0:8hg is released in the school yard ‘The initial upward thrust on the rocket was 12N (a) Caleulate the weight of the rocket (6) Draw diogram showing the forces on the rocket (©) Galeuete the unbalanced force on the rocket (2) Galeuate the acceleration of the rocket, ‘Thrust force = 1200N. Look ot the forces on this 50kg rocket (©) Galeuate the unbalanced force onthe rocket. (6) Galeulate the acceleration of the | rocket, Weigh EN © Air friction: 220N ‘A probe of mass B60hg is to take off from the surface of Mars “The engines provide an upward thrust of S0O0N. Thnust (@) What the weg of te robe on Mars © Sra dogram hong te ores on he probe (0) Gare the uonced force on he probes it ff (2, Gare the mil celeron of the probe Y wes ‘A-AB0Kg space probe is to accelerate from the moon surface at 4s Calculate the upward thrust required. ‘A shydiver, whe has a weight of 650N, jumps froma plane. = (@) ust os she Jumps what is the only force on her? vee Q ay (b) Sowhat isthe unbolanced force on her at this point? (2) What happens to her speed as she falls? (@) How does this gffect the cir friction force acting on her? {e) Why i ir friction negligible at this point? \ (F)_Does this inerease or decrease the unbalanced force? (@)_Sedoes the downwards acceleration increase or decrease? 650N ‘Tay BSEN B) BRON a) 7 HAN (6) TEN (e)B.2ms™ (Aya) AB2N (B) AME? (0) 3440N {e)25608 (a) {me (6) 2588N (6a) welt (b) C50N 28a ® a (19) Eventually the parachutist in Q6 reaches terminal velocity (2) What can you say about the forces on her at this point? (©) Describe her speed at terminal velocty? ‘She pets up her parachute (©) Is the frictional force bigger or smaller than her weight now? (4) Willshe accelerate or decelerate? (@)_ As she decelerates frictional forees decrease and she reaches ‘anew lower terminal velocity, What is the size of air friction at this point? ‘A base jumper of mass 78kg jumps off « High Cliff in California, ‘After a few secand the frictional forces on him are 240N, calculate his acceleration at this pint, (hint - draw a force diagram) Here is «picture ofa parachutist falling a « constant speed, The mass of the parachutist and equipment is 96kg, (0) Whot is the weight of the parachutist? (b) Draw a free body diagram showing the forces oni, (©) Therefore what is the air friction acting on him? “This graph shows the velocity of a shydiver from the moment he jumps to the moment she lands velocity met B c D e Lop . time (s) (©) Which parts of the graph show points where the forces onthe parachutist were blenced? (b) Why does the acceleration between A ond B decrease? (€)__ Which part of the graph shows the parachute just being opened? (@) 6.7m (a) 940.N (o) 840.86 29Tutorial 14 Newton's 3rd Law w @ @ ® ©) © ” A golf club hits a golf ball es shown. ‘What ore the missing words in this sentence ‘The club exerts a_A_on the ball eo] ‘The bal exerts an Band opposite Con the club, “sprinters in the Olympic games use blocks to get a fast start (0) How does Newtons 3rd law llow them a fast start? () Are these two forces balanced? Use Newton's 3rd Law to explain why when you accidentally kick your “oe egeinst the leg of bed it hurts When a rfl is fired, the person holding the rifle recoils backwards (©) Explain why this happens (b) Explain wy you accelerate back a wee bit but the bullet accelerates to a very high speed, A jet engine works by applying Newton's 3rd law. The engine applies c huge force against the burning fuel and pushes it out the back ofthe back of the jet engine. ‘Wy does the plane move forward? ‘tn space 0 2000kg rocket applies a force of 3000N to the the burning fuel (2) What force does the burning fue! apply to the rocket? () Why are these two forces NOT balanced forces? (e)Caleulate the acceleration of the racket. In space an estronaut ison a space walk ‘Suddenly the rope attaching him to the shuttle snaps, To get back to the shuttle s he throws a spanner he is holding ina direction away from the shuttle 4 8 ‘Why does this strange move get him back to the shuttle? (6a) 30000 (ep Se 30Tutorial 15 Projectile Motion 0 @ @ @ ° nthe following questions ignore air friction, ‘An balls dropped vertically from the top ofa building 1s shown, (take a= 98ms"2) (@) What is the vertical speed just os the ball is released? (@) What isits speed after (i) Is Wi) 2s i) Bs (©) Tthits the ground when its speed was 78-4ms". How long dd it fake te hit the ground? ‘A ball is dropped from a high building what was its speed after @ 1s) 225 (©) 658 ‘This bls kicked off the top of « cliff with a horizontal speed of 30ns! as shown some 3, ° (©) What was the horizontal speed after ° © ts W %. Gi) 3s (©) Whyis the horizontd speed constant? (©) What is the vertical speed after @ is Gi) 2 (i) 3s Aballis kicked off the top of this cliff with a horizontal speed of 20s". Tt takes 5s to hit the ground > 20ns (@ What wos the horizontal distance os sravelled by the ball? (&) What was the final vertical speed cs it hits the ground? (©) Find the resultant velocity of the bell when i hits the ground, hint - adding vectors) horizortal distance ‘A crossbow bolt is fired os shown. It travels @ horizontal distance of 180m ine time of A2s oh (©) What was the horizontal speed of the bolt? {b) What was the vertical speed of the bot {just a it hits the ground? (© What wos the vertical height h of cliff? 180m 3)(©) ‘These speed diagrams show the horizontal and vertical speeds of « horizontally projected object as it falls, horizontal Vertical 50 speed speed 40 ey inst) (st) (ms) 7 2 10 T2345 6 time(s) 123456 (a) How long was the ballin the air? (b) What is its horizontal speed? (©) Calculate the horizontal distance it travelled? (4) What was its vertical speed when it hit the ground after 5s (@) Calculate the vertical distance it fel, hint - area under graph) (7) Anareher fires an arrow with a horizontal velocity of 10Oms" ot a target 25m away. a. 2. some a (a) How lng did it take the arrow to reach the target? (6) What was arrows vertical speed as it hit target? (©) How far below the bulls eye did the arrow hit the tanger? (8) A sand bog is projected horizentally at 30ms! from a stationary het cir balloon. ‘The sondbag lands 10s later. Calculate (0) the horizontal distance it travels () the final vertical speed of the ball (6) the resultant velocity of the ball when ‘the send bag hits the ground. 20m (9) Anestronaut plays a game of golf on the moon, He hits « ball horizontally with @ horizontal velocity of 18ms", The ball takes 8s to hit the ground. (g en moon = 1.6Nkg) ee (@) How fer di it trove horizontally? Ce) How did it manage te travel this very long distance? (©)__Whot was its final vrtical speed? iw omst (oN aBma T 1oSMET GH AOmET e) 82 (a) B8ms" (H)2¥.Gms (6) 89.8me* (2) fax 20m} (ON) 3OMs" (eK OME! (e) ams (H 186Ms GH) 28Ams (Ka) 100m {ey aams-t_ ja) 42.0ms"! (0) 41:2mat (o) 865m (BH) (b) Bms" (c) 40m (6) dems o) 122.5 (aye) 0258 (b)2.45ms"! () 034m (Ba) 200 (e) 98s) 102 ms! (73 below how) Oe} }44m (ot2amet 32Tutorial 16 Satellites (1) (What dowe call an object which orbits another object. YO (©) Nome a natural satelite of Earth (Cc) Name a satellite of the Sun. Ww (The orth has goto horizontal nd verte velocity What would heppen tothe Earth ft stopped moving @ herizontally? Communication satellites orbit the Earth, As they get farther from the Earth the time it takes the satelite to orbit the Earth increases. The following tebe tells | Satelite | Period you the period of some sotelites (ors) (@) Which satelite is furthest from Earth? spudnk | 8 (©) How many times would Spudeik orbit the Geodak | 12 Earth inaday? Samos | 24 (©) What i interesting cbout Sotmo3? Expo 36 {@)_ What do we eal this typeof satelite? (©) Tf this satelite was placed directly over Glasgow. Where would t be relative to Glasgow a day later (3) A satelite company can choose to use § different microwave frequencies 462, TeH2, 12GHz or 186Hz. ‘The company chose the wave with the shortest wavelength. Without doing any calelations which one did they choose? (4) Atelecommunietion satellite is placed 70,000 above the Eorth ER ‘A microwave signal of frequency SGHz is sent upto the satelite. 20,00 (@) _Coleulate the wavelength of the source. (&) Hew lang would it take the microwave signal to travel ‘the 20,000km up tothe satelite? — (©) Asignal was sent from New York to London wre, via satelite, The signal took 0.38 te travel ow wy between the two cities, What was the total yt" te, iistonce it travelled? ree ae (6) Armicromave with a wavelength of 3em is used to communicate with asatellte ‘hich isin geostationary orbit 36,000%m above the Earth, (@) _Caleulate the frequency of the microwaves, .,000km (b) How long would it take « signal to travel vertically up to the satelite and return to Earth if it wos sent vertically upwards, (@)186HHz (4Y(6).05m (@) 0067s (5) L14xI08 m (6Y) t10%OHs () 0.245 33Tutorial 17 Work Done. w @ ® @ ® © ) ® ® (9) (2) What is “done” when you apply @ force F to.a mass over a distance d? (6) When work is done what is transferred? ‘A bay pulls a box acress the floor using a force of 15N. i How much work is dane if he pull the box a distance of 6m? lamas ‘A car's engine applies a force of 2000N ever a distance of 150m, How much work is ‘done by the engine? ‘A boy applies a force of 45N to pull a sledge 60m up ail How much work aid he de? ‘A locomotive applies a force of 28KN on the zane ‘rain carriages and moves the carriages 2.6km, How much work was done by the locomotive? ‘A weight lifter holds a 200kg set of weights above his head for 5s. How much work is done by the weight lifter in holding the weights inthis stationary postion? ‘A erone applies o force of 50OON to lift a box a \ertical height of 12m off a harbour ata constant speed Colevlate the work done by the crane 5000 ‘A boy of weight 800N climbs 8m up a rope in PE. Ccauulate the work done by the boy ‘A helicopter lifts aman of mass 60kg from a cliff a height of 15m () Goleuate the weight of the man. (&) _Sowhat force did the helicopter have to apply to lift him at a constant speed? 16m (©) Calculate the work done by the helicopter. ‘A 12kg box is tobe lifted onto the roof of a building ‘The roof is 30m above the ground. (©) Calculate the weight of the box? (b) What isthe minimum upward force required to lift the box? (e) Calculate the work dane in lifting the box the 30m. {poor (4) 200,007 (a) ZOO (B)7.28x107F (6) OF 7) 60,0001 (8) 4003 (Ye) BBN (6) 588N (€) 88207 (HOXe) 117.6N (6) 17.6N (c) 25287 Bu(1) A forklift truck epplies a horizontal force of 400N to move « 80kg box 20m across a Uwharehouse flor, Et then lifts the box 3m off the floor onto a shelf. eee 20m Calculate the total work done by the truck during this motion, (Hint -there is 2 parts - a horizontal and a vertical) (12) A.crane does 120003 of work in lifting a box 18m off a ships deck ‘What force did the crane apphy? (13) A car's engine applies a force of 7600N to move the car along a horizental road, Tf it does 145.0003 of energy how far cid the car move? (14) Onan expedition to the North pole a pack of husky dogs pulled a slede, none journey the doge did 65OIAT of work in pulling the sledge 1500¢n, (0) What was the average force the dogs applied (6) _1f there where 8 dogs in the team what wos the average force each dog applied? (15) A train enters a station with 500,000% of moenient or kinete eneray (a) How much work has to be done or energy transferred to bring the train to halt? (&) TF the brakes apply a force. of 14000N what distance will the train travel before itis brought to rest? (16) A cyclist is traveling along the road with 6000% of kinetic energy, The eyelist ‘applies the breaks and the bike comes to rest in 5m (©) What wes the 60001 of kinetic energy transferred into by the broking force? (b) Calculate the sizeof the broking force. (17) A car travels 80m elong aroad at a constant speed, The forces oni are shown Ff 40008 —? = > Feng =4000N (@) _Galevate the work done by the engine force. (b) Calculate the work done by the frictional force. (©) Interms of energy why does the ear NOT speed up or gain more kinetic energy) (i) 10,3585 (12) 666.78 (3) 19.0m (la) A33N (6) BAN IBKO) 500.0005 () 35.7 (46\@) heat (6) 200N. (17y() 200,0003 () 200.0007 35Tutorial 18 Kinetic Energy (1) A trolley of mass 4kg rolls down a slope with a speed of Sms. calculate the kinetic Serge rte (2 Acartasematot 2004 anis roving ot ns, alte he biti ote (9) son ahs aso 75g fe esis he of th edt Oana he te energy ene esse te (Anetra asst 910% ha thence he lee iis hag 0m (©) Aste wars to meaie thee erg 202 tlle heton a spe SSUSILITGuRaer af dente no ners ee lsh bl ar elo be (et eins pet te ballets Bon Woche ery ot eb ens eg Bom (Aca fa ADT feo If ped One ena of he CO) A12ig bets roped ram te ot of blag hen i he oii he sachet tc alent hse rot? 0) Aspeeshtchor onset 2g At np i tet nto Hc raya espe ot he sl 1) Asogtte nese th 450 of kine eg. Cst teed ba ohn tienes hee (0) At ft hs anos of a tne iste onods th sped of tans tes BE of eho Hw nape ae (Annee mnt es sg) (Hf nen per) Than @ aes aaa TRAE ine ON EAE Be (@)7746ms4 (@) Moms (10)4 36Tutorial 19 Gravitational Potential Energy (1) When measuring the gravitational potential energy of this rock would you use the 100m or the 70m as the height hin your equation Ep=mgh? Tom (2) Acrate of mass 20kg is lifted 12m off the ground. Caleulate the gravational potential ‘energy of the cfate relative to the ground (3) A662kg diver stands on a Sm high platform. Calculate the gravitational potential energy of the diver relative to the water. (4) 475k climber stands atthe top of a 500m high hil, Calculate the gravitational potential energy of the climber relative tothe bottom of the hil, eS (©) A small plane hos a mass of 1500kg, Calculate the ‘gravitational potential energy of the plane relative Bk to the ground, (6) How much gravitational potential energy does a 30g ping pong bell have relative to the table wnen itis em above the rable? (7) Avwindow cleaner has 18007 of gravitational potential fenergy relative to the ground. If his mass is 72kg what {his height above the ground (8) Ahelicopter hovering 60m above the ocean has 2.8 of gravitational potential energy. ‘What isthe mass of the helicopter? (9) _A75kg skier standing at the top of a slope has 94,0003.of gravitational potential ‘energy relative tthe finish line, What isthe vertical height of the skier above the finish? (10) The space station is 200km above the surface of the Earth and its mass is 14,000kg, fit has 2410193 of gravitational potential energy relative to the ground calculate the (gravitational potential energy at this height (ty 70m 022520 (3) 8086 4) 3576004 (6) 26511075 (6) 0.129 (7) 256m (8) 4761 94g (9) 127.9 (10) 86Nig 3hTutorial 20 Energy Conservation o @ e « Inall these questions - ignore friction ‘Atballis dropped from the roof ofa building ‘The gravitational potential energy, Ep of the ball is shown at 3 points as it fas (©) What happens to the gravitational potential energy of the bell as it drops? (&) Tf this energy decreases what does in turn into? (©) State the kinetic energy at the 3 points ‘ABand c? ‘A boy drops a kg ball from a height of 3m, (@) Calculate the gravitational potential energy of the ball at a eight of 3m, (©) Asis is dropped it loses gravitational potential energy. What does it change into? (©) How much gravitational potential energy does it have just os t hits the floor? (é)_ Therefore how much kinetic energy does it have at this pint {@) Therefore what is ts speed just os it hits the ground “Two boys A and 8 sit at the tp of a hill as shown. One boy sides down slope A the other slope B. The boys have the same mess, (ignore friction) ope A oe {c) Which boy has the most gravitational potential energy at the top? (careful) (b) Compare the kinetic energy of each boy when they get to the bottom of the slope? ‘A 50ka gil sits at the top of a water slide as shown {o) Calculate her gravitational potential energy at the top of the side. (6) How mich kinetic energy does she have at the bottom of he slope? (© Galeulate her speed at the bottom of the slide. 33(©) A.800kg car's brokes fall and it rolls down the gy slope as shown 2am (@)_Caleulate the cars gravitational potential energy at the top of the slope. (©) At what speed does it crash into the wall at the bottom? (©) Aboy throws a 0.4kg ball vertically up inthe ar. It leaves the girs hand witha speed of 18s"! tenet (©) Cakelte the kinetic energy of the ball hen eaves her hand. (5) rit rvelsupin the ar he bl sows dom ad herefare ses frehccnergye Wha dees tas Kreicentgy henna? (Therefor ow mich grotetnal prea energy doe i have of ts highest porn? (@) Gael the height h the bal caches, (1) A skate boarder of mass 48kg travels towards a hill with a speed of Sins (a) What isthe kinetic energy of the skate boarder ct the bottom of the hill? (©) What isthe moximum height the skate boorder reaches (8) A bullet is fired vertically upwards with a speed of 150ms"!, What height does it reach? Chint ean something cancel out) (9) A rollercoaster of mass 3000Kg Is released from point A and perforns a loop the loop (Ef we ignore friction &+ Ep at all points should be a constant value (@) How much gravitational potential energy does the roller coaster have at point A? (6) How much kinetic energy does it have at point 8? (©) Caleuare its gravitational potential energy at pont C? (@)_ Therefore how much kinetic energy dees it have at point C (©) Calculate its speed at point ¢ (CHE), 200, 4003 (2a) 29.47 (e) OF (8) 28.47 (6) 7Tms. (3X) same () some (3X0) 3007 () 98007 (€)19.8me", 6) 219.5203 () 234s" (6X) 6485 (6) 64.83 2) 165m (7X) 600 () 128m (6) 114m (9Xo) 1176,0003 (b) 1.176,000 (e) 882,0003 (f) 296,0003 (e) 4s 34Tutorial 21 Space Exploration (1) (What do we call the telescopes which con pick up visible light? (©) How con long wavelength radio waves give us so much information about stars Uthich are hidden behind gas clouds in our Galaxy? (©) Why are terrestrial telescopes unable to pick up some types o* rdiation from pace, for instance UV or X-rays? (2) Name one very powerful telescope which has been positioned on a satellite, to pick up signals from all parts of the electromagnetic spectrum coming from deep space? (3) What are the names of the two space probes leunched in 1977 which First explored and sent bock images from the outer planets? (4) Read the fllowing article about the USA's space probes: ‘The USA launched many Mariner probes to study the inner planets, In 1962 Mariner 2 iscoyered the lead melting temperatures on the surface of Venus and that it didnot have ‘amagnetie field, Mariner 4 launched in 1964 gave us the first_close up pictures from ‘Mars, But it wasn't until 1971 when Mariner 9 sent back over 7000 video images of the surface of Mars and its 2 moons Phoebos and Deimos that we got detailed picture of the red planet, In 1973 Mariner 10 captured more detailed images of Venus and Mercury. In 1973 the Pioneer probes were sent to study Jupiter, sending back the first detailed imeges of Jupiter's huge storm, the socalled Red spot. (0) What phrase tells you that itis very hot on the surface of Venus? (8) Which probe cent back images from the two maons of Mars? (6) What ore the names of the space probes sent Yo Jupiter? (©) (@) What do we calla satelite ithich stays above the some point en the Earths surface? (©) What is the period of o geostationary satelite (0) Aweather satelite has @ peried of 4hrs. How many times does it orbit the orth in day? (6) Apart from communication state 3 uses for satellites (7) State 3 commonly used item which were originally developed for use in space, (8) Do you think hat space satellites make war between countries more or les likely?Tutorial 22 Reentry 1 - Force and Energy ()Ameteorite enters the earth's atmosphere with 40,0003 of kinetic erergy. After ‘raveling for a few km the kinetic energy of the meteorite is now 10,C00J. (©) How much kinetic eneray has been lost? (©) What has this lst kinetic energy been transferred into? (©) What do we call the force which is transferring this energy from kinetic te heat? (© What ie another phrase for "energy transferred"? (©) If the meteorite travels 800m through the atmosphere as this work is done then caleulate the frictional force acting on the meteorite, (2) A-mall piece of metal of mass 2kg fells off satelite and enters the atmesphere at @ speed of 4000ms"t (@) How much kinetic energy does it have as it enters the atmosphere? ‘After a distance of 6000m its speed has decreased to 2000s" (©) Caleuate the amount of kinetic energy it has now? (©) Caleulate the work done by air frietion to transfer the kinetic energy to heat, (2) Caleulate the averoge frictional force onthe piece of metal, (3) The space shuttle Columbia has a mass of 2x10Ka. The atmosphere slows its speed from 8000ms"! to 2000s" (0) How much kinetic energy does the shuttle loose? (©) Sohow much heat energy is produced? (©) TF the shuttle travel through 14000km of atmosphere calculate the average fritional force caused by the air. (4) A space probe enters the dense Venus atmosphere and its kinetic energy falls from TOMS to 220K. Ifthe average frictional force acting on the probe was B78kN 30,000 > a7am (WY) B Rigel 30,000 to 10,000 97 -290nm (JV) ALL[ sive | 10000107500 290 o3800m (Vl) F Poiais | 750006000 380 490nm | Bue) ef sin 6000 t0 5000 480 580nm Yeon) | Atanas | 8000 10 3500, 580 690nm red) ce 820m (ries) entaut {@) Light from which end of the spectrum: blue or red incicates chotter star? (©) Which spectral type is our sun? (@) Name star which has a temperature between 6000 and 7500°C? (4) Why would life probably not develop on planets round very hor blush stars? (@) Why would life probably not develop on planets round cool rec stars? Sh6) ‘Spectral data from o distant stars shown below, Known specta from various elements are shown below Hydrogen Helium ‘Sodium PT Calcium ‘Tdentify the elements inthe star 55