THE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING: LEVEL 2 EXAMINATION

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

CIVL2007 & CIVL2107: THEORY AND DESIGN OF STRUCTURES II

12 May 2014 TIME: 14:30 - 17:30 (3 hours)

Answer ALL questions.

All questions carry equal marks.
Marks for sub-questions are given.

Useful formulae and other useful information are provided.

Use of Calculators:

Only approved calculators as announced by the Examinations Secretary can be used in this
examination. It is candidates' responsibility to ensure that their calculator operates
satisfactorily, and candidates must record the name and type of the calculator used on th~
front page of the examination script.

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1. A rigid frame ABCDEF is fixed at points A, C, D and Fas shown in Figure Ql. Each of
the colwnns is subjected to two point loads and the beam to uniformly distributed load.
The flexural rigidity for the beam is EI, for the upper columns is l .5EI and for the lower
columns is 2EI.

(a) Between slope deflection method (SDM) and moment distribution method (MDM),
which method is more suitable to solve for the deformations and unknown forces of
the frame in Figure Ql? Explain briefly. (5 marks)

(b) Determine the horizontal deflection at beam BE. (10 marks)

(c) Draw (on tension side) to scale the bending moment diagram of the frame. Identify
the values at pertinent locations. (10 marks)
~--=
A
36kN
l.5EI
3xl.5m
36kN
30kN/m

30kN B EI
3xlm 2EI

30kN c
6m

2. A square reinforced concrete column has cross-section details illustrated in Figure Q2.
The T20 reinforcement bars are evenly distributed around the perimeter of the concrete
core. The column is subjected to an ultimate shear force Vu = 600kN under balanced
failure. Properties of the column are: concrete cube strength fcu = 25MPa, longitudinal
steel yield strengthfy = SOOMPa, transverse steel yield strengthfyv = 250MPa and the steel
Young's modulus is E, = 174,000MPa.
(a) Determine the ultimate bending moment capacity of the column. (13 marks)

(b) Design the shear steel for the column, and sketch on its cross section. (12 marks)
550

~~T200
0

0
All dimensions in mm. 550
0 0

<]; of steel ___ 0 0 0 0 Figure Q2

SOT
Cross section

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 University No.: _ _ _ __

3. (a) Sketch on the space provided in Figure Q3a the bending moment diagram (BMD) and
shear force diagram (SFD) for the continuous beam illustrated in Figure Q3a. Draw
the BMD on tension side. (9 marks)

f ! I I I I I I I I I I I II
I Figure Q3a I

3. (b) Sketch (on tension side) on the space provided in the right had side of Figure Q3b the
BMD for the rigid frame subjected to a point load as described in Figure Q3b.
(6 marks)

Figure Q3b

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 University No.: _ _ _ __

3 (c) A two-span one-way slab is supported by a series of brick walls as shown in Figure
Q3c. Each of the supports is simple support. The slab is constructed of reinforced
concrete and subjected to uniformly distributed load. Without performing
calculation/analysis, sketch the required reinforcement on all the slab panels. Sketch
on the space provided in Figure Q3c the reinforcement layout on the slab plan as well
as on the slab cross section along the span. Explain briefly the reinforcement steel
adopted (whether on top or at bottom of section; whether in first or second layer, etc.).
(10 marks)

Section A-A

,,

A A

~--------------------------- ----~
I I I I

Figure Q3c

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4. A balanced cantilever beam ABC as shown in Figure Q4 is subjected to uniformly
distributed service dead load (DL) and service live load (LL) of lOkN/m and 15kN/m
respectively.
(a) Draw (on tension side) to scale and mark the outline of the ultimate bending moment
envelope. Determine the important values and locate zero moments. (13 marks)
(b) If beam ABC is made of steel UB (universal beam) section of Grade S460, determine
the nearest size of UB based on the ultimate bending moment envelope. Assun1e all
the UB sections provided in the table are of Class 1 and A.rr = 0.9 A., where A. = Li/ry.
Partial torsional restraints are provided at supports A and B, while point C is a free end.
(12 marks)

B c Service loads:
~
~
DL= lOkN/m
I 4m 2m LL= 15kN/m
~1--------I-----

Figure Q4

Formulae and information that may be useful

Slope deflection equations:

F
MA = MAs + 72EI ( zeA + 88 - L:
3l)

F 2EI ( 3l)
Ms = MBA+ L eA + 2Bs - L

Fixed-end moments:

w
A ~llllllllllllll~B

I L

JP
A ~c ;,~ B
a "'le b
I L I

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 0.67fcu
Ym
)I
l....-------,---------------
e le )I
..--------,--

x 0.9x

' I
~----~-~
Neutral axis

Notes: Forfcu :S 60MPa, Ecu = 0.0035

Fig. - Equivalent rectangular stress block of concrete at ULS

Partial safety factor for strength of material Ym: Concrete= 1.5

Reinforcing steel = 1.15
Structural steel = 1. 0

Concrete shear strength formula:

1 1 1

V = 0.? 9 (100A,)3 (~):;: ..2_ (fcu)3

c bd d Ym 25
100A
where: ~should not be greater than 3;
1

( ~ )4 should not be less than 0.67 for members without shear steel;
4 0

( ~ )4 should not be less than 1 for members with minimum shear steel.
4 0

RC column fonnula for shear: v; = (vc + 0.6NuVuh)::; (vcjl + Nu)

AcMu Ac Ve

where: Vuh should not be greater than 1.

Mu

Formula for shear reinforcement: Asv = b(vu-Vc)

Sv 0.87/yv Sv 0.87 fyv

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Table-Two-leg shear steel As/Sv (mm2/mm)
Stirrup Stirrup spacing (mm)
diameter
(mm) 80 90 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300
6 0.707 0.628 0.565 0.452 0.377 0.323 0.283 0.251 0.226 0.206 0.188
8 1.257 1.118 1.006 0.805 0.671 0.575 0.503 0.447 0.402 0.366 0.335
10 1.963 1.744 1.570 1.256 1.047 0.897 0.785 0.698 0.628 0.571 0.523
12 2.827 2.511 2.260 1.808 1.507 1.291 1.130 1.004 0.904 0.822 0.753
16 5.027 4.467 4.020 3.216 2.680 2.297 2.010 1.787 1.608 1.462 1.340

Table - Load combinations and values of y1 for the ultimate limit state
Load type
Load combination Dead Imposed
Adverse Beneficial Adverse Beneficial
Dead and imposed 1.4 1.0 1.6 0

Table - Equivalent unifonn moment factor mLT for lateral torsional buckling of
beams under non-typical loads

General case se ment between intermediate lateral restraint

M,

0.15M 2 +0.5M 3 +015M 4

For beams: mLT ~ 02
. + but mLT 2: 0.44
Mmax
All moment are taken as positive. The moment M2 and M4 are the values at the quarter points,
M3 is the value at mid-length and Mmax is the maximum moment in the segment
For cantilevers without intermediate lateral restraint, m,T =1.00

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Table - Effective length of cantilever without intermediate restraints
Loadin condition
,~;t ttp Norn1aj Des~biHzing
a) continuous, wi'h 1} Fijee 3.GL 7-5-L
lateral restraint ~o top 2} L.atera! restrai'nt io 2.?L 75L
fiange top fiange
3i Torsional restrain: 2.4L 4.5:L
4) Lateral and torsional 2 . 1L 3 6L
restraint

b) c-ontinu8us. wth 1i Free 2.0L 5.GL

partial tors1onaJ 2) L:atera! restraint to 1-'ll 5.Cll
restraint top fiange
3) T orsi~:::ina! r-estra int 1.6t
4 i Lateral an:J torsional 1.4L
restraint

c) conti 11UDUS, \Vi th 1:1 Free 1.GL 2.5L

lateral and torsion a I 2) Lateral re strarnt to 0.9L 2..5L
restraint top fiange
3) TOrslonal restrain~ 0.8L 1..5L
4) Lateral <ind torsional G.7L 1.2L
restraint

d) restrained l<l':erally 1 J Free G.8L 1.4L

and torsionally and 2) Late;a! restraint :o 0.7L 1.4.L
a-;iainst rotation on top fiange
plan 3J Torsional restrain~ 0.6L 0.6L
4 I Lateral aml torsional 0"5L 0.5L
restraint

Tip restrain1 conditions

1) Free 2) Late;a! restraint to .3) Torsional restra~nt 4) Lateral 3Cld ~orsional
top fiange restra,nt

(t.lraced on pJa:n in one (not braced on pl;:;n) (~:i.race{j on plan in- one or
or n-iore IJay) nlore ba:l)

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Table - Steel UB section
y

UNIVERSAL BEAMS

DIMENSIONS AND PROPERTIES

I
y

Moment of inertia Radius of gyration Elastic modulus Plastic modulus

Serial
size Axis x- x Axis Axis Axis Axis Axis Axis Ratio
Axis
Gross Net y-y x-x y-y X-X Y-Y x-x y-y
D/T
mm cm' cm ' cm' cm cm cm' cm' cm' cm'

457 x 191 45717 40615 2343 19.10 4.33 1956 243.0 2232 378.3 23.9
41021 36456 2086 18.98 4.28 1770 217.4 2014 337.9 26.3
37103 32996 1871 18.84 4.23 1612 195.6 1833 304.0 28.8
33388 29698 1671 18.75 4.19 1461 175.5 1657 272.2 31.6
29401 26190 1452 18.55 4.12 1296 152.9 1471 237.3 35.7
457 x 152 36215 32074 1143 18.62 3.31 1557 149.0 1800 235.4 24.6
32435 28744 1012 18.48 3.26 1406 132.5 1622 209.1 27.1
28577 25357 878 18.29 3.21 1250 115.5 1441 182.2 30.6
25464 22611 794 18.31 3.23 1120 103.9 1284 162.9 34.2
21345 19035 645 17.92 3.11 949.0 84.6 1094 133.2 41.3
406 x 178 27329 24062 1545 16.96 4.03 1324 172.0 1504 266.9 25.9
24329 21425 1365 16.87 4.00 1188 152.7 1346 236.5 28.6
21508 18934 1199 16.82 3.97 1058 134.8 1194 208.3 31.8
18626 16457 1017 16.50 3.85 925.3 114.5 1048 177.5 37.0
406 x 140 15647 13765 539 16.29 3.02 777.8 75.7 888.4 118.3 36.0
12452 11017 411 15.88 2.89 626.9 58.0 720.8 91.08 46.0
356 x 171 19522 17045 1362 15.12 3.99 1073 157.3 1212 243.0 23.2
16077 14053 1109 14.92 3.92 896.5 128.9 1009 198.8 27.5
14156 12384 968 14.80 3.87 796.2 112.9 894.9 174, 1 30.9
12091 10609 812 14.57 3.78 686.9 95.0 773.7 146,7 36.2
356 x 127 10087 9213 357 14.29 2.69 571.8 56.6 653.6 88.68 33.1
8200 7511 280 14.00 2.59 470.6 44.7 539.8 70.24 41.0
305 x 165 11710 10134 1061 13.09 3.94 753.3 127.3 844.8 195.3 22.7
9948 8609 897 13.00 3.90 647.9 108.3 722.7 165.8 26.0
8523 7384 763 12.86 3.85 561.2 92.4 624.5 141.5 29.9
305 x 127 9504 8643 460 12.50 2.75 612.4 73.5 706.1 115.7 22.2
8143 7409 388 12.37 2.70 531.2 62.5 610.5 98.24 25.4
7162 6519 337 12.28 2.67 471.5 54.6 540.5 85.66 28.4
305 x 102 6487 5800 193 12.46 2.15 415.0 37.8 479.9 59.85 29.0
5421 4862 157 12.22 2.08 351.0 30.8 407.2 48.92 34.8
4387 3962 120 11.82 1.96 287.9 23.6 337.8 37.98 44.6
254 x 146 6558 5706 677 10.91 3.51 505.3 92.0 568.2 141.2 20.4
5556 4834 571 10.82 3.47 434.0 78.1 485.3 119.6 23.4
4439 3879 449 10.53 3.35 353.1 61.5 395.6 94.52 29.1
254 x 102 4008 3569 178 10.52 2.22 307.9 34.9 353.4 54.84 26.0
3408 3046 148 10.29 2.14 265.2 29.0 305.6 45.82 30.8
2867 2575 120 10.04 2.05 225.7 23.6 261.9 37.55 37.2
203 x 133 2887 2476 384 8.72 3.18 279.3 57.4 313.3 88.05 21.5
2356 2027 310 8.54 3.10 231.9 46.4 259.8 71.39 26.0
203 x 102 2090 163 8.49 2.37 206 32.1 232 49.5 21.9
178x102 1360 138 7.49 2.39 153 27.2 171 41.9 22.5
152 x 89 838 90.4 640 2.10 110 20.3 124 31.4 19.8
127 x 76 477 56.2 5.33 1.83 75.1 14.7 85.0 22.7 16.7

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Table - Bending strength p 6 (MP a) for rolled section

Steel grade and design strength p, (Nlmm)

lLT S275 S355 S460
235 245 255 265 275 315 325 335 345 355 400 4'\0 430 440 460
25 235 24E1 2E5 2-65 275 315 325 335 345 3.5 400 4'10 430 440 460
30 23::; 245 255 25 275 315 32:5 335 345 355 395 403 421 429 446
35 2.35 245 2Ei5 265 273 3D7 316 324 332 34'! 378 38 4G2 4W 426
4Q 229 238 246 254 262 294 302 309 317 325 359 3-67 382 389 404
45 2'19 227 235 242 250 2:80 287 294 302 30SI 340 347 361 37 381

50 210 2"17 224 23-1 238 265 272 279 285 292 320 32:6 338 344 356
55 199 206 2'13 2-19 226 251 257 263 26'8 274 299 305 315 320 330
60 189 195 201 207 2'13 2.36 241 246 251 257 278 283 292 296 304
65 179 185 190 19 201 221 225 230 234 239 257 261 269 272 279
70 169 174 179 184 188 206 210 214 218 222 237 241 247 250 256
75 JE19 164 168 '172 '176 192 195 199 202 205 2'l'S 221 22 229 234
ao 450 154 158 161 165 178 181 184 167 190 201 203 208 2~0 214
8::5 140 144 147 151 154 l65 1138 170 173 175 "}85 '187 190 192 195
90 132 135 136 141 '144 153 156 158 '160 162 "170 172 "!75 176 179
~J5 124 126 129 131 134 '143 144 146 148 150 '157 158 161 162 164
100 116 113 12i 123 '12.5 '!32 134 136 137 139 145 '146 '148 149 151
'105 109 11 1 113 "115 1 !.7 123 125 126 128 129 134 135 137 138 140
110 102 104 '105 107 '109 115 116 117 119 120 '1:24 125 '127 126 129
115 96 97 99 101 102 107 1D8 109 110 111 115 11'5 118 IJC. 120
12Q 90 91 oo 94 96 WO 101 102 103 104 '107 '108 'iD9 110 111
"""
1'25- 85 &iS 87 89 30 94 95 96 96 97 '100 rn1 rn2 1D3 104
130 BO 81 82 83 84 88 89 90 90 91 94 94 95 % 97
135 75 76 77 78 79 83 83 B4 85 85 88 88 89 90 90
'140 71 7.2 73 74 T5 78 78 79 BO 80 82 83 84 84
145 137 68 69 70
,, 73 74 74 75 75 77 78 79 7'9
85
80
''
150 64 S4 65 66 67 69 70 70 7'1 71 73 73 74 74 75
155 60 61 h;"1
~~ 62 63 65 66 6 67 67 69 69 70 TD 71
160 57 ;:,a S9 59 60 52 f?
~" 63 63 63 65 65 66 65 67
'155 54 55 56 55 57 59 59 5-9 60 60 61 62 62 2 63
-o
170 52 52 53 54 56 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 50
""
17'5 49 50 50 51 51 53 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 5D 56
'!BO 47 47 48 48 49 5D 51 51 51 tl 52 53 53 53 54
'185 45 45 46 45 46 48 48 4.B 49 49 50 50 50 51 51
190 43 43 44 44 44 46 46 46 4G L.7 48 48 48 48 48
195 41 41 42 42 42 43 44 44 44 44 45 45 46 45 46
20Q 39 39 40 40 40 42 42 42 42 42 43 43 44 44 44
21G 35 36 37 37 37 38 38 38 39 39 39 40 40 41) 40
220 33 33 34 34 34 35 35 35 3:; 36 35 36 37 37 37
230 31 31 31 :?d 31 32 32 33 33 33 33 33 34 34 34
240 28 29 29 29 29 30 30 30 30 30 3~ 3"1 31 31 31
250 26 27 27 27 27 28 28 28 28 28 29 29 29 29 29
i.,_, 37:1 36.3 35.6 35 . 0 214.3 32.'1 31J3 31.1 30.6 30.2 28.4 28.i 27.4 27.1 26.5

-END OF PAPER-

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