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When the in-situ strength of the concrete is required, cores are often taken. However
unless they are taken correctly, in the correct place and in sufficient numbers, the
assessment of the in-situ strength becomes less assured and there is less confidence that
the strengths obtained are a true reflection of the concrete strength.
There are a variety of methods that can be There is no unique relationship between
used to determine in-situ concrete strength. the core and cube strengths of the same
The test procedures associated with these concrete. The relationship is a function of
methods are given in BS EN 12504 parts 1, many variables including:
(1)
2, 3 an d 4 . This advice sheet considers
the assessment of in-situ concrete strength 1 Temperature
using data obtained from core testing. The 2 Compaction
other non-destructive tests methods can be 3 Curing
used on their own or in conjunction with core 4 Sampling location top, middle or
testing. bottom
5 Element type and thickness
horizontal or vertical
2 Publications
In most structures the in-situ strength, as
Until recently the procedures for taking and measured by a core, will generally be
testing cores and assessing the in-situ lower than the standard cube strength of
strength of concrete has been based on BS the same concrete.
(2) (3)
1881:120 , BS 6089: 1981 and Concrete
(4)
Society Technical Report TR 11 . 4 Current Standards
With the publication of BS EN 12504-1 and
(5)
BS EN 13791 , the standard BS 6089: In the UK, the method considered most
(6)
2010 has been completely re-written to relevant for assessing the concrete
complement BS EN 13791 and provide strength in the structure is the
information on other techniques and the use determination of the estimated in-situ
of established statistical principles when cube strength (EICS) from cores as it
investigating unknown structures. As a result exists at the sampling location, without
TR 11 is no longer regarded as best correction for the effect of curing history,
practice. age or degree of compaction.
Licensed copy: leedsm, LEEDS METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY, 03/05/2014, Uncontrolled Copy, Concrete Society
Table 1: Example of an individual corrected in-situ cube strength (EICS or fis) calculation
Example
Reference Notes
figures
Core length after capping or grinding (mm) Measured (l) 110
Core diameter (mm) Measured (d) 100
Maximum load (MPa) Measured (L) 215.0
2
Area (mm ) Calculated (A) 7855
Core compressive strength, fcore (MPa) Calculated (L/A) 27.4
Large volume For 39 cores, if Rt > 0.099 the fis, lowest result is
Where a larger volume of concrete is under suspicion suspicious.
as a result of many continuous cube data sets failing
to meet the identity test criteria, 15 valid cores results If Rt > 0.118 the fis, lowest result should be rejected
are required. To allow for rejection of any invalid
results it is suggested at least 17 cores are taken to. Therefore as Rt = 0.093 < 0.099, the lowest result
Note: If failing data sets are not continuous, the (A17) is not suspicious and should be accepted.
assessment of in-situ strength should be based on a
small volume test region principle for each data set. If this result had also been categorised as being
rejected, then further investigation needs to be
The dataset in Table 3 of estimated in-situ cube carried out as there may be two populations present
strength values for 40 core results is taken as an suggesting two different concretes have been
example calculation. For this data set; supplied.
The procedure is repeated on the next lowest fis value 0.85(40 +1.48 1.518) = 35.9 Criterion 1
(A17) 0.85(40 4) = 30.6 Criterion 2
Table 3: Estimated in-situ cube strength from cores taken from large test region (40 results low to high)
Ref fis Ref fis Ref fis Ref fis
A11 32.0 A28 36.2 A07 37.1 A23 39.0
A17 34.0 A34 36.3 A15 37.1 A35 39.0
A24 35.7 A37 36.3 A29 37.1 A36 39.0
A06 35.8 A32 36.4 A38 37.1 A04 39.1
A16 35.9 A39 36.4 A40 37.5 A14 39.2
A03 36.0 A20 36.6 A01 37.6 A09 39.3
A27 36.0 A33 36.7 A19 37.9 A12 39.4
A10 36.1 A05 36.9 A22 38.0 A21 39.9
A25 36.1 A18 36.9 A31 38.3 A08 40.0
A13 36.2 A26 36.9 A02 39.0 A30 41.0
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References
1. BS EN 12504. Testing concrete in structures. , Part 1 Cored specimens - taking, examining and testing in compression,
(2009) Part 2 Non-destructive testing. Determination of rebound number (2012). Part 3 Determination of pull out force
(2005). Part 4 Determination of ultrasonic pulse velocity (2004). BSI, London
2. BS 1881-120. Testing concrete. Method for determination of the compressive strength of concrete cores, BSI, London, 1983
3. BS 6089. Guide to assessment of concrete strength in existing structures, BSI, London, 1981
4. Concrete Society. Concrete core testing for strength, Technical Report 11, Concrete Society, Camberley, 1987
5. BS EN 13791. Assessment of compressive strength in structures and precast concrete component, BSI, London, 2007
6. BS 6089. Assessment of in-situ compressive strength in structures and precast concrete components complementary
guidance to BS EN 13791, BSI, London, 2010
7. BS EN 1992-1-1.Eurocode 2. Design of concrete structures. General rules and rules for buildings, BSI, London, 2004
8. CONCRETE SOCIETY. In-situ concrete strength an investigation into the relationship between core strength and standard
cube strength, Project Report 3, Concrete society, Camberley 2004
9. BS EN 206-1. Concrete Part 1: Specification, performance, production and conformity. BSI, London, 2000
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Issued April 2013
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