Miscellaneous Measurement

In case of irregular shape parts, trigonometry is used to perform its miscellaneous

metrology by dividing the shape into many profiles and counters

Introduction and need of miscellaneous measurement

Irregularly shaped parts do not have a defined single-phase geometry. Instead, their
geometry is divided into many profiles and contours. For such measurement instead
of using only measurement tools, some parts can be inspected; and based upon
simple trigonometric calculations, we can get the required results. These methods
can be typically applied to problems faced during actual measurement

The taper angle of a regular cone can be determined by the interrelated position of
a limited number of points which are contained in a common axial plane of that
cone. In such cases, specific number of properly located physical points can
represent the practical equivalent of a reference body. The term virtual body is
used to designate a set of discrete points which are used to determine the taper
angle of a cone. Elements used to create virtual bodies are balls, rollers and gauge
blocks (Refer Fig.).

The relationship of the specific diameters being, measured is considered a

distinctive attribute of the taper angle, and therefore, sometimes designation
attribute gauging is used for this method of measurement of cone angle.
Experiment: Measuring Internal Diameter Using Balls
Objective:
Determination of diameter form by using balls.

Materials used:
Measured workpiece, two balls of different diameters, block gauges, depth
micrometer

Procedure:
Choose two balls such that they must touch each other and also the sides of the
wall
Take the zero reading

The two balls are placed upon each other as shown.

Build equal two equal height using gauge blocks such that their height is much
higher than the workpiece height
Measure the outer diameter of the used balls
Using depth micrometer measure the height 1&2
Using the Telescoping Gage Set get the maximum chordal and measure it
using micrometer

Calculate the error

Analysis:
1 2
= 1 + +
2 2
1 2 = 1 2 2 + 2 2
1 2
1 2 = +
2 2
1 2
2 = (1 + ) (2 + )
2 2
2
1 2 2 1 2
1 = ( + ) + ((1 + ) (2 + ))
2 2 2 2

Readings:
Zero reading:
00 25 = 0.3
25 50 = 0.51
Balls diameter:
1 = 25.45
2 = 21.35
Depth micrometer readings:
1 = 9.3 + 25 = 34.3
2 = 20.13
Micrometer reading:
= 56.70

Calculations:

2
25.45 21.35 2 25.45 21.35
1 = ( + ) + ((34.3 + ) (20.13 + ))
2 2 2 2

= 28.47
25.45 21.35
= 28.47 + + = 51.87
2 2
Experiment: Measuring the Taper Angle of Tapered Hole
Objective:
Determination of angle and form errors on inside tapers using balls

Materials used:
Measured workpiece, two balls of different diameters, block gauges, depth
micrometer

Procedure:
Choose two balls with different sizes
Take the zero reading

The two balls are placed as shown (they must not touch each others)

Build equal two equal height using gauge blocks such that their height is much
higher than the workpiece height
Measure the outer diameter of the used balls
Using depth micrometer measure the height 1&2
Analysis:
1
sin ( ) =
2 1 2
2 1
1 2 = (2 + ) (1 + )
2 2
1 2
2 =
2 2
1 2

sin ( ) = 2 2
2
(2 + 2 ) (1 + 1)
2 2

Readings:
Zero reading:
00 25 = 0.3
25 50 = 0.51

Balls diameter:
1 = 26.85
2 = 21.35

Depth micrometer readings:

1 = 8.73
2 = 25 + 13.1 = 38.1

Calculations:

1 2 26.85 21.35
2 = = = 2.75
2 2 2 2
2 1 21.35 26.85
1 2 = (2 + ) (1 + ) = (38.1 + ) (8.73 + ) = 26.62
2 2 2 2
2.75
= sin 1 ( ) = 5.93
2 26.62
= 11.86
Experiment: Measuring the Taper Angle
Objective:
Determination of angle of taper using rollers

Materials used:
Measured workpiece, two rollers of the same diameters, block gauges,
micrometer

Procedure:
Choose two rollers with equal diameter
The two rollers are placed as shown.

Measure the outer diameter of the used rollers

Build equal two equal height using gauge blocks
Using micrometer measure the length 1
Build another height using block gauge
Using micrometer measure the length 2
Analysis:

tan ( ) =
2
2 1 1
= ( ) ( ) = (2 1)
2 2 2
= (2 + ) (1 + ) = 2 1
1
(2 1)
tan ( ) = 2
2 2 1

Readings:
Roller diameter:
= 8

Micrometer readings:
1 = 25.17
2 = 26.38

Height used:
1 = 30
2 = 40

Calculations:

1 1
= (2 1) = (26.38 25.17) = 0.607
2 2
= 2 1 = 40 30 = 10
0.607
tan ( ) = =
2 10

= 3.47
2
= 6.95
Experiment: Measurement of Radius of Curvature by Using Depth
Micrometer
Objective:
Measure the radius of curvature using depth micrometer

Materials used:
Measured workpiece, depth micrometer

Procedure:
Take the zero reading of the depth micrometer

Measure the width of the base of the micrometer

The depth micrometer is placed on the workpiece as shown in figure

Take the reading of the micrometer

Analysis:
=
=

=
2
2 = 2 + 2
2
= ( ) + ( )2
2
2
2

2 = ( ) + 2 2 + 2
2
2
( ) + 2
= 2
2

Readings:

Zero reading:
= 0.3

Micrometer readings:
= 17.68

Depth micrometer base width:

= 99.50

Calculations:

2 2 99.50 2
( ) + ( ) + (17.68 0.3)2
= 2 = 2 = 79.89
2 2 (17.68 0.3)
Experiment: Radius Measurement Using Surface Plate and Rollers
Objective:
Measure the radius of curvature using rollers

Materials used:
Measured workpiece, two identical rollers, vernier

Procedure:
Choose two rollers with equal diameter
The two rollers are placed as shown.

Using vernier caliper measure the outer distance

Take the reading
Using geometric relation calculate the radius
Analysis:

=
2

= +
2

=
2 2
= 2 + 2
2

2 2 2
( + ) = ( ) + ( )
2 2 2 2
2
2
2
2
2
+ + = + +( )
4 4 2
( )2
=
8

Readings:

Vernier readings:
= 156.94

Roller diameter:
= 27.90

Calculations:

( )2 (156.94 27.90)2
= = = 74.6
8 8 27.90