Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Bruce Fraser
Fraser Fire Protection Services
Become an
1
Agenda:
Elevator Recall and Power Shut-down
Historical Perspective
2
ASME A17.1
Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators
3
ASME A17.1
4
ASME A17.1
5
Elevator Recall: Historical Perspective
1973 ASME A17.1b (supplement to the 1971 Code)
Purpose:
Prevent people from using elevators
Allow firefighters to account for elevators
Stage equipment (hose lines, air tanks, etc.)
Evacuate occupants with mobility restrictions
Prevent cars from being called to the fire floor
6
7
Elevator Recall: Historical Perspective
Identified Designated Level
8
Elevator Recall: Historical Perspective
1984 introduced only lobby and machine room
detectors were to initiate recall
9
Elevator Recall: Historical Perspective
Two elevator zone circuits now required to be
terminated at the associated elevator controller
10
Elevator Recall: Historical Perspective
11
Elevator Recall: Historical Perspective
A third control circuit was added to provide a warning
of fire in the hoistway or elevator machine room
12
Elevator Shunt Trip: Historical Perspective
First introduced in ASME A17.1 - 1984
Purpose:
Remove main-line power prior to sprinkler activation
Prevent elevators from moving/operating dangerously
13
Recall & Shunt Trip: Historical Perspective
A17.1 applies to all new elevator installations
A17.3 (where adopted) applies to existing elevators
A17.3 re: Firefighters Service
3.11.3 Firefighters Service
Elevators shall conform to the requirements of
ASME/ANSI A17.11987 Rules 211.3 through 211.8
(see Appendix C) unless at the time of installation or
alteration it was required to comply with a later edition of
A17.1.
14
Applicable Codes
Elevator
& Escalator
Safety Code
ASME/ANSI
A17.1/B44
Building NFPA 13
Codes and NFPA 70
NFPA 101 NFPA 72
15
Applicable Codes
Elevator
& Escalator
Safety Code
ASME/ANSI
A17.1/B44
Building NFPA 13
Codes and NFPA 70
NFPA 101 NFPA 72
15
Applicable Codes
Elevator
& Escalator
Safety Code
ASME/ANSI
A17.1/B44
Building NFPA 13
Codes and NFPA 70
NFPA 101 NFPA 72
15
Out of Sync Codes
ASME A17.1
3 4 Year Cycle with Yearly Addenda
A17.1 - 2004
A17.1a - 2005
A17.1S - 2005
A17.1 - 2007
A17.1a - 2008
A17.1b - 2009
A17.1 - 2010
16
Out of Sync Codes
ASME A17.1
3 4 Year Cycle with Yearly Addenda
A17.1 - 2004
A17.1a - 2005
A17.1S - 2005 NFPA 72 and NFPA 13
A17.1 - 2007
3 Year Cycle
A17.1a - 2008
2002, 2007, 2010 etc.
A17.1b - 2009
A17.1 - 2010
16
Confusion?
17
Confusion?
together!
17
Heres where to find them!
18
ASME A17.1 - 2010
Section 2.27
Emergency Operation and Signaling Devices
19
ASME A17.1 - 2010
Section 2.27
Emergency Operation and Signaling Devices
19
ASME A17.1 - 2010
Section 2.8
Equipment in Hoistways, Machinery Spaces, Machine
Rooms, Control Spaces and Control Rooms
2.8.3.3.2
20
NFPA 72 - 2010
21
NFPA 72 - 2010
Chapter 21 Emergency Control Functions and
Interfaces
22
NFPA 13 - 2010
Chapter 8 Installation Requirements
23
Simplified
Traction Elevator Elevator
System Machine
Room
Alternate
Level
Designated
Level
24
Simplified Heat Detector
System Sprinkler
3 2
2
Detector Operation
1 Recall to Alternate Level
2 Recall to Designated Level
2
3 Flash FF Helmet in Car (warning)
4 Power Disconnect (shunt trip)
2
Alternate
Level
4 1 3
1 Elevator
Designated Machine
Level Room
3 4
1
25
Machine room-less
Elevators
Alternate
Level
Designated
Level
26
Machine room-less
Elevators
27
Machine room-less
Elevators
27
Machine room-less
Elevators
27
Machine room-less
Elevators
27
A break for
Questions?
28
ASME A17.1 - 2010
2.27.3.2.1 In jurisdictions not enforcing the NBCC, fire alarm
initiating devices used to initiate Phase I Emergency Recall
Operation shall be installed in conformance with the requirements
of NFPA 72, and shall be located
(a) at each floor served by the elevator
29
NFPA 72 - 2010
30
NFPA 72 - 2010
31
NFPA 72 - 2010
32
33
NFPA 72 - 2010
34
NFPA 72 - 2010
35
NFPA 72 - 2010
36
NFPA 72 - 2010
37
Smoke Detector Location
38
39
NFPA 72 - 2010
40
NFPA 72 - 2010
40
41
42
43
44
44
NFPA 72 - 2010
45
NFPA 72 - 2010
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
NFPA 72 - 2010
53
ASME A17.1 - 2010
2.27.3.2 Phase I Emergency Recall Operation by
Fire Alarm Initiating Devices
2.27.3.2.6 When a fire alarm initiating device in the machine
room, control space, control room or hoistway initiates Phase 1
Emergency Recall Operation, the visual signal shall
illuminate intermittently only in a car(s) with equipment in that
machine room, control space, control room or hoistway .
54
ASME A17.1 - 2010
2.27.3 Firefighters Emergency Operation -
Automatic Elevators
FIG. 2.27.3.1.6(h)
Visual Signal
or
55
NFPA 72 - 2010
21.3.12.1 Designated Level Recall. For each elevator
or group of elevators, an output shall be provided to signal
elevator recall to the designated level in response to the
following:
56
NFPA 72 - 2010
21.3.12.1 Designated Level Recall. For each elevator
or group of elevators, an output shall be provided to signal
elevator recall to the designated level in response to the
following:
56
NFPA 72 - 2010
21.3.12.1 Designated Level Recall. Contd.
(2) Activation of smoke detectors located at any elevator
machine room, elevator machinery space, elevator control
space, or elevator control room serving the elevator(s) except
where such room or spaces are located at the designated level.
57
NFPA 72 - 2010
21.3.12.1 Designated Level Recall. Contd.
(2) Activation of smoke detectors located at any elevator
machine room, elevator machinery space, elevator control
space, or elevator control room serving the elevator(s) except
where such room or spaces are located at the designated level.
57
NFPA 72 - 2010
21.3.12.2 Alternate Level Recall. For each elevator or
group of elevators, an output shall be provided to signal
elevator recall to the alternate level in response to the
following:
58
NFPA 72 - 2010
21.3.12.2 Alternate Level Recall. For each elevator or
group of elevators, an output shall be provided to signal
elevator recall to the alternate level in response to the
following:
58
NFPA 72 - 2010
21.3.12.2 Alternate Level Recall. Contd.
(2) Activation of smoke detectors located in the elevator
machine room, elevator machinery space, elevator control
space, or elevator control room serving the elevator(s) if such
rooms or spaces are located at the designated level.
59
NFPA 72 - 2010
21.3.12.2 Alternate Level Recall. Contd.
(2) Activation of smoke detectors located in the elevator
machine room, elevator machinery space, elevator control
space, or elevator control room serving the elevator(s) if such
rooms or spaces are located at the designated level.
59
NFPA 72 - 2010
21.3 Elevator Recall for Firefighters Service
21.3.12.3* Visual Warning. For each elevator or group of
elevators, an output(s) shall be provided for the elevator visual
warning signal in response to the following:
60
Pictorial Representation of Signals from
Fire Alarm System to Elevator Controller
Fire Alarm System Elevator Controller
Recall to
2 Designated Level
Warning to
3
Elevator Machine Room Elevator Cab
Detector(s)
Elevator Lobby
Detectors
1 Recall to
Alternate Level
Elevator Hoistway
Detector(s)
Elevator Lobby
Detector at
Designated Level
61
Pictorial Representation of Signals from
Fire Alarm System to Elevator Controller
Fire Alarm System Elevator Controller
Recall to
2 Designated Level
Warning to
3
Elevator Machine Room Elevator Cab
Detector(s)
Elevator Lobby
Detectors
1 Recall to
Alternate Level
Elevator Hoistway
Detector(s)
Elevator Lobby
Detector at
Designated Level
61
Pictorial Representation of Signals from
Fire Alarm System to Elevator Controller
Fire Alarm System Elevator Controller
Recall to
2 Designated Level
Warning to
3
Elevator Machine Room Elevator Cab
Detector(s)
Elevator Lobby
Detectors
1 Recall to
Alternate Level
Elevator Hoistway
Detector(s)
Elevator Lobby
Detector at
Designated Level
61
Pictorial Representation of Signals from
Fire Alarm System to Elevator Controller
Fire Alarm System Elevator Controller
Recall to
2 Designated Level
Warning to
3
Elevator Machine Room Elevator Cab
Detector(s)
Elevator Lobby
Detectors
1 Recall to
Alternate Level
Elevator Hoistway
Detector(s)
Elevator Lobby
Detector at
Designated Level
61
Fire Alarm System / Elevator Controller Relationship
Elevator Controller
S
Elevator Elevator Elevator Lobby
Hoistway Machine Room Smoke Detector
Smoke Detector(s) Smoke Detector(s) 5th Floor
R1 R2 R3
S
Elevator Lobby
Elevator Smoke Detector
Machine Room 4th Floor
Heat Detector(s)
Elevator
Hoistway
Heat Detector(s)
S
Elevator Lobby
Smoke Detector
3rd Floor
S
Elevator Lobby
Smoke Detector
2nd Floor
(Alternate Level)
S
Elevator Lobby
Smoke Detector
Ground Floor
(Designated Level)
62
NFPA 72 - 2010
Chapter 21 - Emergency Control Functions and
Interfaces
21.2.4* A listed relay or other listed appliance connected to
the fire alarm system used to initiate control of protected
premises emergency control functions shall be located within 3
ft of the controlled circuit or appliance.
63
NFPA 72 - 2010
Chapter 21 - Emergency Control Functions and
Interfaces
21.2.6 The installation wiring between the fire alarm control
unit and the relay or other appliance shall be Class A, Class B,
Class D, or Class X in accordance with Chapter 12.
64
Addressable Control Relays
65
Addressable Control Relays
66
A break for
Questions?
67
NFPA 13 - 2010
8.15.5 Elevator Hoistways and Machine Rooms.
68
NFPA 13 - 2010
8.15.5 Elevator Hoistways and Machine Rooms.
8.15.5.6
Sprinklers shall be installed at the top and bottom of elevators
that utilize polyurethane-coated steel belts or other similar
combustible belt material.
69
NFPA 13 - 2010
8.15.5 Elevator Hoistways and Machine Rooms.
8.15.5.6
Sprinklers shall be installed at the top and bottom of elevators
that utilize polyurethane-coated steel belts or other similar
combustible belt material.
69
NFPA 13 - 2010
8.15.5 Elevator Hoistways and Machine Rooms.
8.15.5.6
Sprinklers shall be installed at the top and bottom of elevators
that utilize polyurethane-coated steel belts or other similar
combustible belt material.
69
NFPA 13 - 2010
8.15.5 Elevator Hoistways and Machine Rooms.
70
ASME A17.1 - 2004
2.8 Equipment in Hoistway and Machine Rooms
71
ASME A17.1 - 2010
2.8 Equipment in Hoistways and Machinery Spaces,
Machine Rooms, Control Spaces, and Control Rooms
2.8.3.3.2 In jurisdictions not enforcing the NBCC, where
elevator equipment is located or its enclosure is configured such
that application of water from sprinklers could cause unsafe
elevator operation, means shall be provided to automatically
disconnect the main line power supply to the affected elevator
and any other power supplies used to move the elevator upon
or prior to the application of water.
72
NFPA 72 - 2010
21.4 Elevator Shutdown
73
Recommendation: [Example]
Note:
Sprinklers in elevator machine rooms and hoistways must be of ordinary
or intermediate temperature rating. (NFPA 13 [2010], 8.15.5.3)
74
NFPA 72 - 2010
21.4 Elevator Shutdown
75
NFPA 72 - 2010
21.4 Elevator Shutdown
76
NFPA 72 - 2010
21.4 Elevator Shutdown
21.4.3* If pressure or waterflow switches are used to shut
down elevator power immediately upon or prior to the
discharge of water from sprinklers, the use of devices with
time-delay switches or time-delay capability shall not be
permitted.
77
NFPA 72 - 2010
21.4 Elevator Shutdown
78
Background:
79
80
Shunt Trip Operation (theoretical)
Sprinkler operates
81
Concern:
82
Sprinkler/Power Shutdown Concerns:
A17.1 Task Group addressed Shunt Trip and Sprinklers
Hazard Analysis was performed
Concern of over-temperature of elevator controller
Equipment stops
Equipment runs erratically / uncontrollably
83
Sprinkler/Power Shutdown Concerns:
A17.1 Task Group Recommendations:
84
NFPA 72 - 2010
21.4 Elevator Shutdown
85
Shunt Trip Operation - Delay Strategy
Smoke Detector
Recall
Heat Detector
Recall
X Time Delay
Shunt Trip
Open Valve
(Pre-action or Other)
Release Water
Pre-action or
Other Listed Valve Sprinkler(s)
86
Shunt Trip Operation - Delay Strategy
Smoke Detector
Recall
Heat Detector
Recall
X Time Delay
Shunt Trip
Open Valve
Elevator Arrival (Pre-action or Other)
Release Water
Pre-action or
Other Listed Valve Sprinkler(s)
86
Shunt Trip Operation - Delay Strategy
Either:
87
Shunt Trip Operation - Delay Strategy
Sprinkler Valve
Electrically operated
24 VDC from Fire Alarm System
Normally energized
Held closed Fails open
88
Shunt Trip Operation - Delay Strategy
Sprinkler Valve
Electrically operated
24 VDC from Fire Alarm System
Normally energized
Held closed Fails open
88
Fire Alarm System / Elevator Controller Relationship
Elevator Controller
S
Elevator Elevator Elevator Lobby
Hoistway Machine Room Smoke Detector
Smoke Detector(s) Smoke Detector(s) 5th Floor
R1 R2 R3
S
Elevator Lobby
Elevator Smoke Detector
Machine Room 4th Floor
Heat Detector(s)
Elevator
Shunt Trip Breaker Hoistway
Heat Detector(s)
S
Elevator Lobby
Smoke Detector
3rd Floor
R4 S
EOL Elevator Lobby
Smoke Detector
2nd Floor
(Alternate Level)
Hot Neut
120 VAC
Circuit
(Power to Operate
Shunt Trip Breaker)
From Emergency S
Power Source
Elevator Lobby
Smoke Detector
Ground Floor
Conditions (Designated Level)
Sprinkler
Release
89
Fire Alarm System / Elevator Controller Relationship
Elevator Controller
S
Elevator Elevator Elevator Lobby
Hoistway Machine Room Smoke Detector
Smoke Detector(s) Smoke Detector(s) 5th Floor
R1 R2 R3
S
Elevator Lobby
Elevator Smoke Detector
Machine Room 4th Floor
Heat Detector(s)
Elevator
Shunt Trip Breaker Hoistway
Heat Detector(s)
S
Elevator Lobby
Smoke Detector
3rd Floor
R4 Simultaneously S
EOL Elevator Lobby
Smoke Detector
2nd Floor
(Alternate Level)
Hot Neut
120 VAC
Circuit
(Power to Operate
Shunt Trip Breaker)
From Emergency S
Power Source
Elevator Lobby
Smoke Detector
Ground Floor
Conditions (Designated Level)
Sprinkler
Release
89
NFPA 72 - 2010
21.4 Elevator Shutdown
90
Fire Alarm System / Elevator Controller Relationship
Elevator Controller
S
Elevator Elevator Elevator Lobby
Hoistway Machine Room Smoke Detector
Smoke Detector(s) Smoke Detector(s) 5th Floor
R1 R2 R3
S
Elevator Lobby
Elevator Smoke Detector
Machine Room 4th Floor
Heat Detector(s)
Elevator
Shunt Trip Breaker Hoistway
Heat Detector(s)
S
Elevator Lobby
Smoke Detector
3rd Floor
R5
R4 *
EOL
S
EOL Elevator Lobby
Smoke Detector
2nd Floor
Hot Neut
*relay R5 contacts
deenergized shown in
position
(Alternate Level)
120 VAC
Circuit
(Power to Operate
Shunt Trip Breaker)
From Emergency S
Power Source
Elevator Lobby
Smoke Detector
Ground Floor
Conditions (Designated Level)
Sprinkler
Release
Conventional or
Addressable
Zone / Circuit Module S
Fire Alarm Control Panel
91
Fire Alarm System / Elevator Controller Relationship
Elevator Controller
S
Elevator Elevator Elevator Lobby
Hoistway Machine Room Smoke Detector
Smoke Detector(s) Smoke Detector(s) 5th Floor
R1 R2 R3
S
Elevator Lobby
Elevator Smoke Detector
Machine Room 4th Floor
Heat Detector(s)
Elevator
Shunt Trip Breaker Hoistway
Heat Detector(s)
S
Elevator Lobby
Smoke Detector
3rd Floor
R5
R4 *
EOL
S
EOL Elevator Lobby
Smoke Detector
2nd Floor
Hot Neut
*relay R5 contacts
deenergized shown in
position
(Alternate Level)
120 VAC
Circuit
(Power to Operate
Shunt Trip Breaker)
From Emergency S
Power Source
Elevator Lobby
Smoke Detector
Ground Floor
Conditions (Designated Level)
Sprinkler
Release
Conventional or
Addressable
Zone / Circuit Module S
Fire Alarm Control Panel
91
A break for
92
A break for
Questions?
92
Ongoing Industry Effort
93
Background:
Emergency egress and evacuation strategies
for high-rise structures re-examined for tall
buildings as a result of September 11, 2001
attack on the WTC
94
Background:
Workshop on the Use of Elevators in Fires and
other Emergencies (Atlanta March 2-4,
2004)
Co-sponsored by ASME, NIST, ICC, NFPA, IAFF,
and the US Access Board
95
Workshop Program:
Focus:
Use of Elevators by Firefighters
Use of Elevators by Occupants During Emergencies
96
Process:
ASME took lead on the hazard analysis
2 Task groups
Occupant Use - to evaluate the use of elevators for
egress in emergencies what can be done to decrease
egress time
Firefighter Use to evaluate use of elevators by
firefighters during fire operations what can be done to
mitigate existing hazards
97
Workshop :
Consistent Themes - Concerns:
Culture change since 9-11 total evacuation
Elevators are not a substitute for stairs
Evacuation of mobility impaired people
Lack of firefighter confidence in using elevators
Elevator reliability issues
Water entering hoistways
98
Workshop :
Consistent Themes - Concerns:
Rescue of passengers
Shunt trip entrapment
Loss of elevator power from elsewhere in the building
Retraining occupants to use elevators (in some buildings)
Cost concerns
Not enough information for occupants to make an informed
decision
99
Workshop :
Consistent Themes - Recommendations:
Mandatory adoption of ASME A17.3 everywhere
Ensure reliability of Phase I, Phase II operation
Better training on elevator operation for firefighters
Regular testing by qualified (certified?) personnel
Building Emergency Action Plan enforcement
100
Workshop :
Consistent Themes - Recommendations:
Sprinkler all buildings
Compartmented/pressurized lobbies/vestibules
Area of Refuge / Rescue Assistance
Better real time communications to occupants
Better real time communications to firefighters
Elevator technician respond to building emergencies
101
Workshop :
Consistent Themes - Process:
Utilize Hazard Analysis
Involve firefighters in decisions
Involve appropriate committees and organizations
(A17-B44, IBC, NFPA, Access Board, etc.)
102
Process:
Hazard Analysis (not a risk analysis)
Develop scenarios
Identify hazards
Mitigate the hazard
Identify residual hazards
Mitigate the residual hazards
103
Residual hazard
104
Residual hazard
104
Recommendations:
Robust Fire Service Elevators
105
Recommendations:
Occupant Evacuation Operation [OEO]
Scalable: OEO can be applied to one or more elevators in the
building but is not necessarily required on all elevators. Allows
elevators to be used for evacuation until they are recalled.
Routing of elevators
106
Recommendations:
Provide protected elevator lobbies
107
Current Status:
108
Current Status:
108
A17.1 - 2010 Edition (has been released)
NFPA 72 - 2010 Edition (has been released)
Elevator Use in Fires and Other Emergencies
For Occupants
For Firefighters
Hazard Analysis almost finished
NFPA and ICC jumping the gun
NFPA 101 and IBC
109
NFPA 72 - 2010
21.5 First Responders Use Elevators
110
NFPA 72 - 2010
21.6 Elevators for Occupant-Controlled Evacuation
21.6 talks about required status indicators (red and green) and
signage for the use of these elevators, however this is really pre-
mature
For instance, the current thinking of the task group is that these status
indicators and signage will be provided by the elevator provider.
111
Response to current construction demand
Different terms used
occupant-controlled evacuation
112
113
Stay tuned !
113
Stay tuned !
Questions?
113
Thank You for Attending:
Bruce Fraser
Fraser Fire Protection Services
Become an
114