Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
1. Statistics means
1) Numerical statement of facts
2) Descriptive analysis
3) Number gaming
4) Measurement
5) Collection of data
2. Statistics is considered synonymous with
1) data
2) Manipulation of data
3) Figures or data
4) data collection
5) None
3. Statistics refers to
1) Qualitative analysis
2) Questionairre
3) Quantitative Information
4) None
5) All the above
Key:
1. Research
2. Data
3. Data set
4. Business Research
5. Characterstic
6. Sample
7. Data collection
8. Defining the research problem
9. Cost/value analysis of information
10. Selection of the data collection method
11. Selection of sample
12. Selection of the method of analysis
13. Estimate the resources needed
14. Prepare the research proposal
15. Data collection
16. Data analysis
17. Reporting
18. Business Research
19. Business research
20. Research design
21. Research design
22. Research design
23. Research design
24. Clarity in formulation
25. Determining sources of data
Descriptive questions
1. Write about research?
2. What are the features of research?
3. Define business research?
4. What are the characteristics of business research?
5. What are the steps involved in research process?
6. Explain the importance of business research?
7. Explain the scope of business research?
8. What are the types of business research?
9. What is the criterion of business research?
10. Write about research design?
11. What are the various definitions of research design?
12. What are the features of research design?
13. What are the components of research design?
14. What are the steps in research design process?
15. What are the requirements for a good research design?
16. Write about mean?
17. Write about median?
18. Write about mode?
19. Write about skewness?
20. Write about Kurtosis?
Assignment questions
1. Write about Advantages and Disadvantages of mean.
2. Write a short note on Research design.
3. What is the need of business research?
4. Write a short note on measures of central tendency
UNIT -2
Multiple choice questions
1. If repetitions are not allowed the number of two
digit numbers, can be formed from the numbers 2,2,5,6 are ( )
1) 10 2) 9 3) 12 4) 15 5) None
2. The distinct permutations that can be formed from
all the letters of the word that( )
1) 9 2) 8 3) 20 4) 12 5) None
3. There are 6 balls in a box. The number of ways two balls can be drawn with
Replacement = ( )
1) 36 2) 24 3) 32 4) 40 5) 44
17. In a bag there are 3 Red balls 2 Blue balls .One ball is drawn .the
Probability of getting a red ball = . ( )
1) 1/5 2) 3/5 3) 2/3 4) 1/3 5) 2/5
18. If a die is thrown, the probability of getting 5 or 6 is ..( )
1) 1/2 2)1/3 3) 2/3 4) 5) 3/4
19. There are 3boys and 2 girls in a class, students are selected at random one after
the other such that they are alternate, the probability of selecting is ( )
1) 1/5 2) 2/5 3) 1/4 4) 1/3 5)2/3
20. If P (A) = 1/3, P (B) =1/4, P (AUB) =1/3then P (B/A) =.. ( )
1) 3/4 2)1/2 3)2/3 4) 3/5 5) 4/5
21. Box I contains 3 red balls 2 white balls, box 2 contains 2 red balls, 2
White balls. One box is selected and one balls selected. The probability That it is red = .( )
1) 11/20 2) 13/20 3) 15/20 4) 17/20 5) 19/20
22. In the above problem probability that if red, heat is from box I =
1) 1/11 2) 2/11 3) 5/11 4) 6/11 5) 7/11
23. The probabilities of two students to solve the problem independently are And 1/3. The
probability that the problem can be solved = ( )
1) 1/3 2) 2/3 3) 1/5 4)4/5 5) 3/5
24. If two dice are thrown the probability that at least one of the faces is 2 is ( )
1)11/36 2)13/26 3) 1/4 4) 1/6 5) 12/36
25. If a die is thrown three times the sample space contains elements ( )
1) 169 2) 16 3) 216 4) 196 5) 256
Fill in the blanks
1. If an experiment is performed repeatedly under essentially homogeneous conditions and
similar conditions, the result can be predicted with certainty is known as
_____________________________.
2. If an experiment is performed repeatedly under essentially homogeneous conditions an
the results cannot be predicted with certainty is known of _____________________________.
3. R. A .Fisher, von mises introduced the ____________________________ to the theory
of probability through notion of sample space.
Descriptive
1. Define probability.
2. How many approaches are there for probability theory? What are they?
3. What do you mean by classical approach?
4. What do you mean by relative frequency?
5. What do you mean by subjective probability?
6. What do you mean by axiomatic approach?
7. Bayes formulae.
8. Prove Ac =1-p(A) with your own example.
9. Prove p(AUB)=p(A)+p(B)-p(AB) with your own example.
10.if p(A)=1/5;p(B)=2/3; p(AB)=1/15 find p(AUB).
11. p(Ac B).
12. p(Ac UB).
13. p(A Bc).
14. p(Ac Bc).
15.p(AcUBc).
16.if p(AUB)=4/5;p(Bc)=1/3 and p(AB)=1/5 find p(B).
17. if p(AUB)=4/5;p(Bc)=1/3 and p(AB)=1/5 find p(A).
18. if p(AUB)=4/5;p(Bc)=1/3 and p(AB)=1/5 find p(Ac B).
19. Explaine any two applications of bayes theorem.
20. If A and B are two events and p(A)=3/5,p(B)=1/2 then prove that p(AUB) 3/5.
Assignments
1. What is the probability that when two coins are tossed simultaneously atleast one head falls in a
given experiment?
2. What is the probability that the tail falls on both the coins when they are tossed simultaneously?
3. What is the probability that when two dice are thrown, the sum of the numbers falling on them is
7?
4. What is the probability that when two dice are thrown,the sum of the numbers falling on them is
4?
Key for Multiple choice questions
1) 3
2) 4
3) 1
4) 2
5) 1
6) 2
7) 3
8) 1
9) 1
10) 1
11) 1
12) 1
13) 2
14) 1
15) 2
16) 3
17) 2
18) 2
19) 1
20) 1
21) 1
22) 4
23) 2
24) 1
25) 2
1. Deterministic Phenomenon
2. Probabilistic phenomenon
3. Empirical approach
4. Random experiment
5. Trial & events
6. Exhaustive cases
7. Cases favorable
8. Mutually exclusive
9. Equally likely & equally probable
10. Independent & each other
11. np r = n2
12. N/ (n-r) /
13. n! n,! n2! nk!
14. Pxq
15. Order & arrangements
16. P (A) is given & m/n = favrurable rumba of cases Exhaustive number of cases
17. 1
18. Finite & unique
19 p(a) # 0
20. P(A) = p (B) p (ANB)
21. Inverse probability
22. P (E,.) .P (A/ E,) n P (E,.) .P (A/E,.)
23.
24.
25. R.A.Fisher
UNIT-3
1. Speed
2. Economy
3. Both
4. None
5. simple
1. speed
2. economy
3. both
4. None
5. Complex
1. sampling Errors
2. non sampling Errors
3. Both
4. None
5. Type 1 error
1. sampling errors
2. Non-sampling errors
3. Both
4. None
5. Process error
6) Substitution is (a )
1. sampling errors
2. Non-sampling errors
3. Both
4. None
5. Process error
7) Faulty demarcation of sampling units is (a )
1. sampling errors
2. Non-sampling errors
3. Both
4. None
5. Process error
1. sampling errors
2. Non-sampling errors
3. Both
4. None
5. Process error
1. sampling errors
2. Non-sampling errors
3. Both
4. None
5. Process error
10) Sampling techniques (d )
1. Purposive
2. Probability sampling
3. Mixed sampling
4. d)All the above
5. None of the above
1. Lottery method
2. use of table
3. Either 1 or 2
4. none
5. Both 1 and 2
1. Unbiasedness
2. consistency
3. efficiency
4. all the above
5. None
1. point estimation
2. interval estimation
3. both
4. None
5. Standard estimation
1. null Hypothesis
2. Alternate Hypothesis
3. Both
4. None
5. Prediction hypothesis
15)P+Q= ( a )
1. 1
2. 0
3. .-1
4. None
5. All the above
16) Q= ( a)
1. 1-P
2. 1=P
3. p
4. None
5. All
17)P= ( a)
1. .1-Q
2. 1=Q
3. Q
4. None
5. All the above
1) D 14) C
2) C 15) A
3) C 16) A
4) C 17) A
5) A 18) A
6) A 19) B
7) A 20) C
8) A 21) A
9) A 22) B
10) D 23) C
11) C 24) A
12) D 25) B
13) B 26) C
18)A particular value of a statistics which Is used to estimate a given parameter is known as a
. (point estimate )
19) is the hypothesis which Is tested for possible rejection under the assumption that
it is true. (Null Hypothesis )
1) 14)
population Large sample
2) 15)
sample small sample
3) 16)
finite population simple random sampling without
4)
replacement
infinite population
17)
5)
simple random sampling with
Hypothetical population
replacement
6)
sample size
18)
point estimate
7)
sampling
19)
Null Hypothesis
8)
parameters
20)
Alternative Hypothesis
9)
standard error
21)
Type II error
10)
p)
22)
Type I error
11)
s
12)
s2 23)
fixed)
13) 24)
r level of significance
25)
degrees of freedom
Descriptive questions
1.Write short notes on Measurement and scaling.
Assignment questions
1.How to determine whether a sample represents the population?
UNIT-4
Multiple choices
1. If the maximum error with .99 probability is .25 and sample size 400:
then standard deviation of the population is . ( )
1) 1.23 2) 2.23 3) 1.93 4) 3.12 5) 3.2
2. Among 100 students in a class, 60 people use ball pens. With 95%
Confindence, the maximum error for true proportion is ( )
1) .096 2) .02 3) .03 4) .05 5) 0.04
3. A sample of 64 was taken and found that 15 are smokers. Standard error
Of proportions is ( )
1) .0275 2) .0425 3) .0675 4) .0825 5) 0.5
4. In a sample survey conducted in a large city 95 out of 500 answered yes
a question with 95% confidence the maximum error for true proportion can be ( )
1) .01 2) .023 3) .05 4) .09 5) 0.04
5. A random sample of 1000 people were taken and out of which 4% are
Chapatti eaters. The maximum error with probability.95 is . ( )
1) .012 2) .025 3) .04 4) .06 5) 0.05
6. Given on the average 5% of insured men if age 65 dies within a year. If
the sample size is 600 standard error corresponding to true proportion is ( )
1) .0089 2) .002 3) .004 4) .01 5) 0.003
7. A random sample of 400 products contains 52 defective items .standard
Error of probability is . ( )
1) 0.165 2) .0375 3) .05 4) .0725 5) 0.04
8. A random sample of 900 apples were taken among which 4% ahead
With .95 probability he maximum error for true proportion is ( )
1) .0065 2) .001 3) .002 4) .005 5) 0.003
BLANKS
1. ___________________ consists in describing some characteristics of numerical data.
2. The ___________________ also known as statistical inference , is termed as the logic
of drawing statistically valid conclusions about the totality of cases 0r items.
3. The group of individuals under study kis known as the ________________
4. In sampling theory , the _____________ means the larger group from which the
samples are drawn
5. A population containing a finite number of objects or items is known as ________
6. A population having infinite number of objects is known as _____________ population
7. A population consisting of concrete objects is known as ___________ population
8. The population does not consist of concrete objects ie imaginary objects is called
____________
9. ____________ is a tool which enables us to draw conclusions about the characteristics
of the population after studying only those objects or items that are included in the sample.
10. The statistical constants of population are called as _________________
11. The statistical constants of sample are called as ______________
12. if we draw a sample of size n from a given finite population of size N then total
number of possible samples is N c = _________________n
13. The standard deviation os the dampling distribution of a statistic is known as its
_____________
14. The standard error of a sample mean is _________
15. The standard error of a observed sample proportion p is ____________
16. The concept of standard error is extremely useful in testing of ____________-
17. The reciprocal of kthe standard error of a statistic gives a measure of the
_______________ or _________ of the estimate of the parameter
18. A group of objects chosen at random from a larger group tends to possess the
characteristics of that large group . This law is called ________________
19. Otherthings being equal, as the sample size increases , the result tend to be more reliable
and accurate . This law is called __________________________-
20. In the __________ method we resort to 100% inspection of the population and
enumerated each and every unit of the population
21. _______________ is the guiding survey.
22. The wrong calculations (or) entries made during the process and analysis of data are
__________________-
23. The errors commited during the presentation are ________________
24. The errors which come due to the personal beliefs and prejudices are called ________
errors.
25. Absolute errors formula is ______________
MCQ ANSWERS
1. 3
2. 1
3. 1
4. 2
5. 1
6. 1
7. 1
8. 1
9. 1
10. 1
11. 1
12. 1
13. 2
14. 1
15. 3
16. 1
17. 1
18. 2
19. 2
20. 2
21. 2
22. 1
23. 1
24. 1
25. 1
Descriptive questions
1) What do you mean by sample?
2) What do you mean by small sample?
3) What do you mean by Large sample?
4) Define sample size
5) Define standard error?
6) Explain null Hypothesis?
7) Explain Alternative Hypothesis?
8) What is random sampling
9) What is sampling distribution
10) Explain statistical estimation?
11) Explain point estimation?
12) Explain interval estimation?
13) Write any two property of a good estimator?
14) What do you mean by confidential interval?
15) Explain central limit theorem
16) What is the formula to test large sample for single proportion?
17) What is the formula to test large sample for two proportion?
18) What is the formula to test large sample for single mean?
19) What is the formula to test large sample for two means?
20) What is the formula to test large sample for standard deviations?
Assignment questions
1. Among the type 1 and type 2 errors Purchase department is concerned about?
2. Among the type1 and type2 errors quality department is concerned about?
3. What is type1 error?
4. What is type 2 error?
UNIT-5
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. If Sxx =72 and Sxx=50.the coefficient a1 in the equation = a0+a1x, by least squares
Method is ( )
1. 1.24
2. 1.44
3. 1.76
4. 2.12
5. None
2. Syy = 230, Sxy=40 and Sxx=15, n= 6, Se2 = ( )
1. 30.82
2. 29.12
3. 36.72
4. 34.12
5. None
3. The straight line fitted by least squares method is y=a0 +1.2x, the means of x and y are
5 and 15 then a0 = ( )
1. 5
2. 7
3. 9
4. 11
5. None
12. The lines of regression of y on x and x on y are y = .4x + .09 and x = .7y + 1.0
respectively. ( )
1. 1.2
2. 1.476
3. 1.75
4. 2.1
5. None
Answers
1) correlation
2) uncertainty of our prediction
3) positive correlation
4) opposite direction
5) correlation
6) linear
7) karl pearsons coefficient of correlation
8) r = cov(x,y)
xy
9) r = dx dy dx2 dy 2
10) -1 <= r <= 1
11) Perfect positive
12) Uncorrlated
13) Correlation coefficient is an amount which if added to and subtracted form the
mean correlation coefficient ,produces amounts with in which the chances are even that a coefficient
of correlation from a series of selected at random will fall.
14) 0.6745 ( 1-r2)
--------
n
15) = .6745
Descriptive questions
1) Explain how to draw scatter diagram?
2) What is positive correlation?
3) What is a negative correlation?
4) Write any two limits for co-efficient of correlation?
5) Write the formula to calculate karl pearsons co-efficient of correlation?
6) What is rank correlation?
7) What do you mean by multiple correlation
8) What do you mean by partial correlation
9) Write an two properties of regression coefficients?
10) Write two lines of regression?
11) What is the formula to calculate regression coefficient of Y on X?
12) What is the formula to calculate regression coefficient of X on Y?
13) Given two lines of regression , explain how you will find mean values ?
14) Given two lines of regression, explain how you will find correlation coefficient?
15) Given two lines of regression, explain how you will find ratio of standard deviations?
16) The equations of two lines of regression obtained in a correlation analysis of the
following 2X=8-3Y 2Y=5-X Obtain the value of correlation coefficient?
17) If the regression equations of Y on X and X on Y are Y =4/5 +0.3X X=1/6+0.5Y
Find the coefficient of correlation between X and Y?
18) From the following data, X=0.854y ,Y=0.89x, standard deviation of x =3
Calculate coefficient of correlation?
19) From the following data, X=0.854y ,Y=0.89x, standard deviation of x =3 . find standard
deviationof y?
20) explain any two components of time series
Assignment questions
1. Write a short note on Correlation.
2. Write a short note on regression.
3.Write a short note on time series
4.Write a short note on trend analysis.