Table of content

CHAPTER-1................................................................................................................. 3
Introduction:............................................................................................................ 3
Title of the project:............................................................................................... 3
Aim:...................................................................................................................... 3
Objective:............................................................................................................. 3
Brief description:.................................................................................................. 4
Scope of the project:............................................................................................ 5
Problem context:.................................................................................................. 5
Target users:......................................................................................................... 6
Project benefits:................................................................................................... 6
Feasibility:............................................................................................................ 7
Technical specification:........................................................................................ 7
CHAPTER-2................................................................................................................. 9
Literature review: -.................................................................................................. 9
Conclusion:......................................................................................................... 12
CHAPTER-3............................................................................................................... 13
Project Management:............................................................................................ 13
Initial investigation:............................................................................................ 13
Project planning:................................................................................................ 13
Project objective:................................................................................................ 13
TIMESCALE:........................................................................................................ 14
Project risk management:..................................................................................16
PERT Chart:........................................................................................................ 17
Gantt chart:........................................................................................................ 18
CHAPTER-4............................................................................................................... 21
Research methodology.......................................................................................... 21
Primary research:.................................................................................................. 21
Questionnaire analysis and conclusion:.............................................................21
Interview question analysis:...............................................................................25
Focus group discussion analysis and conclusion:...............................................27
Conclusion:......................................................................................................... 29
Secondary research:.............................................................................................. 29
 Block Diagram.................................................................................................... 30
REFERENCES:........................................................................................................... 31

CHAPTER-1

Introduction:

The project deals with robotics so first point strikes in mind is that what is robot? Well robot is a
system that comprises sensors, control systems, manipulators, power supplies and software all
working together to accomplish a duty. Designing, building, programming and testing a robot is
an amalgamation of physics, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, structural
engineering, mathematics and computing. In some cases, biology, medicine, chemistry might
also be involved. An education of robotics means that students are enthusiastically involved with
all of these disciplines in a deeply problem-posing problem-solving situation. A robot is
automatically controlled machine tool, able to perform tasks on their own, instructions almost
always is electronically programmed. Automatic car parking with empty slot detection with some
modification such as card acceptance unit and multi-level parking is a challenging research topic
that has received much research attention in the past decade.

Title of the project:

Automatic car parking with empty slot detection system

Aim:
To design a smart automatic car parking with empty slot detection system which will overcome
all the issues and problems related to parking and space unavailability in the conventional
parking system.

Objective:
Improve on the current parking management systems.
Enable drivers to locate and reserve empty parking slot at the entrance and remotely. This
should be provided by a small display panel at the entrance of the parking and near to
every parking slot. It should show the parking number and the state of the parking. For
example, 3: used, 4: open, and so on.
To allot automatically generated empty parking slot in the car parked for the ease of
parking.
To show the exact location, parking slot with direction, when it is near to the allotted
parking slot.
To implement multi-level parking to increase space flexibility or availability.
To introduce card acceptance system to enhance security aspects and for fee payment of
parking.

Brief description:

Functional Description:
This project can be implemented using the following blocks. For easier understanding of the
blocks are mentioned below.

Proximity Sensors: These are placed inside the parking slot to detect the presence of the vehicle
in slot, which will be used to process when a new vehicle requests parking slot which also
consists of IR diodes and phototransistors.

IR Light Emitter: It consists of a pair of Red IR Lights that continuously emit long distance
directed IR lights. This light falls on a pair of LDRs.

IR Light Receiver: It consists of a pair of LDR (Light Dependent Resistance). The LDR
consists of special materials whose resistance is dependent on the amount of the light falling on
it. This means as long as the IR light is falling on it its resistance is low nearly 1k. As soon as this
light is obstructed the resistance of this sensors increases (to nearly 8k) indicating some things
presence between the emitter receiver pair.

Comparator Block: It consists of a comparator circuit made out of op-amp LM358. Its task is to
convert the resistance state of LDR into voltage state understood by microcontroller.

Micro controller Block: Micro-controller takes the data from the comparator block. Based on
this data it interprets the number of people that have crossed from one side to the other and vice
versa. To build this system we will be using 8051 variants.

Display Unit: It is 16*2 LCD that shows the number of people in the room at any particular
instant. It also shows which appliance is being used and at what power they are being used.

Appliances Block: This block consists of outlets for DC motor. DC Motor is ON in one specific
direction for 10 sec. and then ON in opposite direction for same 10 sec time intervals for open
and closed the gate.

Power Supply Block: This consist a Step-down Transformer which converts 220V AC to 15V
AC.
Card acceptance unit: This unit consists of RFID card, RFID tag, and RFID reader at the
entrance and exit of the system for verification under security aspects.

Multi-level parking unit: This unit works when the entire slots will be full or engaged then the
customers will need to park their vehicles in the empty slots present on the different floor of
multi-level parking.

Scope of the project:

The scope of this project is to develop a prototype of an automated parking system with empty
slot detection which is able to park and retrieve the vehicle by itself. All the movements needed
to transport a vehicle in the automated parking system are controlled using the microcontroller.
As car arrives at the gate of the parking there will be display unit which shows which slots are
empty for the parking but before that at the entrance gate there will be card acceptance unit
where customer requires to have specific RFID card for verification, after verification display
unit will provide the information that whether there is empty slot or not. After getting
information regarding empty slot customer will get specific token for specific slots respectively,
these token customers require to bring while taking their car out of the parking. Furthermore, his
system also has multilevel parking to advance more space availability, this multilevel can be
made up on conveyer belt or on lift system using different motors.

Problem context:

As it is known, the land is becoming fewer but the population of human is rising day by day. This
situation is very apparent in modern established cities. Therefore, land is very limited and spaces
need to be protected in every feature of life. By building an automated parking system which
permits high space utilization, less space is needed related to the conventional car park. This is
because in the automated car park, the parking space can be more compressed by having vehicles
parked closer to each other and also less space is required for runways or paths in the parking
space as vehicles are shifted to parking spaces using elevators and conveyers. Thus, optimized
usage of spaces can be attained.

Other than that, once the vehicles are in the car park, they will slow down to search for a vacant
parking space. This slow-moving traffic will cause the line of cars to be longer. Ultimately,
traffic jam will occur when the car park is crowded. In the automated parking system, the
problem of traffic jam can be dodged because the parking spaces are situated using sensors. So,
drivers do not need to search for the space one by one as they are informed by the system
concerning where the empty parking space are located before the vehicle is transported to the
desired parking space. In this way, a lot of time can be saved in the car park and vehicles are
parked efficiently by the system. The automated parking system is simple and convenient for
storing vehicles in the shortest time.

While the development of the country and nation is growing in a quick pace, crime rates are also
increasing daily. Therefore, security has become one of the main concerns in everyday life of the
society. Car park is also one of the places where individuals are attacked frequently. Theft and
robbery happen in car park because it is considered a quiet place where not many people would
be in the car park all the time. By having an automated car park, safety for both the driver and
vehicle is less at risk because the public is not allowed into the car park. The automated car park
can help in parking the vehicles without the driver going into the car park. In that way, security
for individuals and vehicles are more definite.

Target users:
There always remains a mass that is to be affected most by any project. Even a researcher makes
a project keeping its target users in mind. This project has been made in consideration of
decreasing the issues related to parking such as traffic jam in parking, more time consumption
due to space unavailability, more fuel consumption, less security verification issue and many
more issues. So, there are many target users for this project some of the main target user of this
specific project are:
Airport
Big hospitals
Big corporate offices
Shopping malls
Multiplexes
Railway station
Disco
Hotels
Homes and residential societies
Project benefits:
Benefits of this project is the reduction of the parking issue and to enhance parking system
flexibility by making it more secure using card acceptance technique and by implementing multi-
level parking.

Tangible benefits: These are some tangible benefit written as under,

Learnt more electronic subjects

Learnt more about microcontroller programming
Learnt more about sensor technology
Handled multimeter

Intangible benefits: These project guide intangible benefits which are listed below,

Customer satisfaction
Reduce employee
Time efficiency

Feasibility:
Technical feasibility: Although Sri Lanka doesn't have automated car parking systems many
developed countries currently using advanced systems. It uses latest technology. For example,
Urban city car parking area is one of the innovative product in present. Those technologies
cannot be compared with the system which I proposed. Those having latest sensor technology
and also it development cost is so high.

Legal feasibility:

Human privacy issues -

Taking the record of vehicles can be privacy issues for the customers. If that information passed
to third party, the risk will be high.
Unauthorized access to the system -
Legal issues will generate because of unauthorized access to the computerized system. If an
unknown person hacked to the system, he/she can get the customer records easily. For instance, it
can be used to do target marketing.
Employees will lose the job -
Because of automated billing system the workload of the entry operator will reduce. It may be a
risk to the employee job. According the human rights laws the legal issues will generate.
Technical specification:
Technical specification of this system will be explained in this subtopic. How the system actually
works and what is its input and output at certain circumstances, the whole concept will be
covered. The present design is Automatic car parking with empty slot detection. System
demonstrates a fully automated car parking system. For this purpose, researcher use IR sensors
along with motors, LCD display and microcontroller for controlling the system working. This
system consists of an LCD display that is used to demonstrate as a parking gate entrance display.
The display displays empty slots to new car arriving at gate of parking area. If no parking space
is available, the system does not open the gate and displays parking full. If slot is empty system
allows car to enter the lot and displays empty slots where user can park. To detect vehicle slot
occupancy, the system uses a token system for vehicle. Also, system uses IR sensors to detect
vehicles arriving at parking gates, to open the gates automatically on vehicle arrival. The
microcontroller is used to facilitate the working of the entire system. The data of vehicle like car
no. is also displayed on LCD. The car parking and exit are fully automated.
 CHAPTER-2

Literature review: -

A literature review is an explanation of the literature applicable to a particular field. It gives an

overview of what has been said, who the key writers are, what are the main theories and
assumptions, what questions are being asked and what methods and methodologies are proper
and useful. Or, it can also be explained as, a literature review is a search and evaluation of the
available literature in researchers given subject or chosen topic area. It documents the state of
the art with respect to the subject or topic you are writing about.
Cai (2015), states that implementation of smart parking guidance system based on
parking lots sensor networks consists of sensor technology, wireless communication
technology, and positioning technology, which makes data transmission stable, and this
has certain innovation and science. He also states that parking guidance system mainly
includes data acquisition module, data transmission module, data processing module and
data sending module. Furthermore, he also stated that the ideals of his system have
something innovative and feasibility in real life. Optimization Dijkstra algorithm
concerned in his paper is easier computation and higher efficiency than traditional
Dijkstra algorithm. This system has some practical value in intelligent parking fields.
Rashid (2012), states that Automatic Parking Management System and Parking Fee
Collection Based on Number Plate Recognition is the system which uses image
processing of recognizing number plates for operation of parking and billing system.
Overall, the systems run with pre-programmed controller to make minimum human
involvement in parking system and ensure access control in restricted places. This paper
 presents algorithm technology based method for license plate extraction from car images
followed by the segmentation of characters and reorganization and also develop
electronics parking fee collection system based on number plate information.
Furthermore, he also stated that limitation for his system is that number plate is differ in
different region in the world in term of color, size and type. Such system can help the
economic, social and safety aspects of the society.
Tahon (2010, IEEE), states that wireless sensor networks mainly used for monitoring
environmental factors such as CO2 concentrations, temperature and humidity. He stated
that deploying a WSN for parking spot monitoring is highly profitable as like most
network projects, WSNs offer many flexibility options. He also stated that after
modelling service adoption, the costs and revenues of the project is estimated.
Aggarwal (2012), states that Automatic multi-stored car parking system is very good
substitute for car parking area. Since in modern world, where space has become a very
big problem and in the era of miniaturization its become a very crucial necessity to avoid
the wastage of space in modern, big companies and apartments etc. In space where more
than 100 cars need to be parked, its a very difficult task to do and also to reduce the
wastage of area, this system can be used. This Automatic Car Parking enables the parking
of vehicles-floor after floor and thus reducing the space used. Wireless car parking
system implementation is really very challenging; we have implemented our system of
car parking up to three floors.
Khanna (2016, IEEE), states in IOT based smart parking system that internet of things
and cloud of things is better technique or method to implement for more reliable and
efficient parking system. He also stated in his paper that the proposed Smart Parking
system consists of an on-site deployment of an IOT module that is used to monitor and
signalize the state of availability of each single parking space. A mobile application is
also provided that allows an end user to check the availability of parking space and book
a parking slot accordingly. The paper also describes a high-level view of the system
architecture. Towards the end, he also stated that the working of the system in form of a
use case that proves the correctness of the proposed model.
Song (2006, IEEE), states that implementation of intelligent parking system design using
FPGA is a better design to reduce the issue of parking. He also stayed that the advantages
of using hardware vs. software-based design are as follows: (1) the computation time of
 hardware based design is much reduced compared to that of software based design. It is
because that, in hardware designs, most of the logics are synthesized in parallel; thus,
operations can be processed parallel. (2) real-time design requirements are easier to meet
then ones with multi-thread software based design under RTOS.
Padiachy (2016, IEEE), in his research paper Development of an automated multi-level
car parking system stated that the automated multi-level car park design represents a new
parking innovation technique. As documented, due to less land availability, parking is a
growing concern in the Fijian or a city context. A multilevel car park offers the greatest
possible flexibility for the realization of optimum parking solution. He also stated using
more powerful motor for faster movement, limit switches for accuracy, bearings and
appropriate materials for less friction, more rigid structure for more stability, closed
system to reduce noise pollution and display system to show parking availability.
Bhauguna (2009), states that automatic multi-level car parks provide lower building cost
per parking slot, as they typically require less building volume and less ground area than
a conventional facility with the same capacity. However, the cost of the mechanical
equipment within the building that is needed to transport cars internally needs to be added
to the lower building cost to determine the total cost. Other costs are usually lower too,
for example there is no need for an energy expensive ventilating system, since cars are
not driven inside and human cashiers and security personnel may not be needed. A multi-
level car park offers the greatest possible flexibility for the realization of optimum
parking solution. However, to date elevating type parking mechanism not found from the
literature.
Jakle (2004), stated in his paper and explored the larger issues of parking and land use,
including the regulation and commodification of curbside parking spaces. Their research
on off-street parking, however, focused on commercial parking lots and garages, rather
than private automobile storage.
Shoup (1997), argued that parking is the unstudied link between transportation and
land use. He found that minimum parking requirements significantly increase the cost of
development, reduce urban density, and artificially inflate demand for parking. Reducing
or eliminating these minimum requirements and exposing the hidden costs of parking
would, Shoup suggests, both lower the cost of housing and decrease the incentives to
drive.
 Lina Lo (2008), Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) will be used in the design of the
prototype of the automated parking system. The PLC is used to control the movement
needed to transport and retrieve the vehicle to and from the available parking space based
on the signal from the driver. A program needs to be created for the PLC using CX-
Programmer by drawing ladder diagram. Power window motor and direct current (DC)
motor would be used to provide movements to transport the vehicle in the parking
system. Besides that, limit switch will act as sensor to detect the available parking space
and also the location of the carrier.
Conclusion: While searching for the topics and technologies related to the project, the researcher
found some interesting Research papers and journals, after going deep through those research
papers the researcher had concluded the different ideas and technologies, it has been concluded
from literature review there are various number of techniques of making advance and smart
parking system such as IOT based parking system, wireless sensor network based parking
system, FPGA based parking system and many more techniques can be used. It is concluded that
there are several methods of making multi-level parking system, car number plate recognition
system, fee collection using card accepting and number plate recognition system. There are few
pros and cons in every technique which is used.
After going through this literature review it is being concluded that researcher will face several
problems in making of this project, problems such as is to reduce the complexity of the circuit.
Coding and firmness of the system will also be a hard job. But division and working according to
the schedule might help out the researcher to complete the work in given time.
 CHAPTER-3

Project Management:

Initial investigation:
The idea of making Automated car parking with empty slot detection system comes from the
issues and problems occurs in conventional parking system. There were various types of problem
and difficulties in parking vehicles in the conventional parking system. Problems such as lack of
sufficient parking space, gathering of multiple vehicles creates traffic jam in the parking less
efficient technology used in parking, loss of crucial time in parking due to traffic in the parking,
extra fuel waste in parking, too much noise creates sound noise while parking in conventional
parking system, security and safety aspects is very dull in conventional parking system due to
lack of smart verification system, etcetera. So, the idea of making this project comes out from
these issues to overcome all the problems related to conventional parking system. So, the
researcher has gone through several smart parking systems in his initial investigation by taking
the reference of several research paper, journal, articles and case study. So, in initial investigation
researcher has gone through IOT based smart parking system, FPGA based parking system,
vision based, and many more technique based intelligent parking system to reduce the problems
of parking in the society, at airport, big hotels, shopping malls etcetera.

Project planning:
The most mandatory thing for a researcher is the scheduling part; the complete accomplishment
of the project relies upon how effective the planning is to goal the effective competition of any
project. Project management is all about the preparing which is made to complete the project in
effective way which results in accomplishment of project within the targeted period. The project
management comprises of many sub parts which together can said to be a good management.
The researcher below describes some of the main planning which is required to complete this
project within time.

Project objective:
This project comprises of different sub parts which need to be completed before to implement it
on hardware. System reliability is one of the main worries while doing any kind of project these
days. Efficiency is continuously a constraint to be measured as per the output of the system.
Planning is most significant to start with as it designs the working schedule of each task in the
project. The main objective of the project is listed as under:

To build an automatic car parking system with empty slot detection.

To implement multi-level parking technique.
To introduce card verification system.
To design a circuit for the system.
To code the microcontroller to work as a system together.
To make PERT chart of the complete project and stick to it as per scheduled. The task
mentioned in the PERT chart should be completed by the time mentioned in the given
PERT chart.
To prepare a gantt chart, this helps us in proceeding towards the competition of the
project on time.

TIMESCALE:
The timescale is made by distributing particular work and relating them with each other
depending on the accomplishment of preceding task. The work is spread according to the time
need to complete it. Minimum time required to start the succeeding task in the chain is called
early start time and the time by which the task should be accomplished avoiding any kind of
delay is called latest finish time.

Start date: 12th October, 2016

End date: 18th April, 2017

Project initiative
Expected time: 3 days
This part mainly describes the initiation of the idea which reasons for the developing of this
robot. This particular part consists of following steps.
Idea generation
Draft Proposal Form
Project planning
Expected time: 5 days
This part deals with the short planning to complete the project, dividing the entire project into
many sub parts and deciding that which part is completed first and accordingly.

Research and Analysis

Expected time: 20 days
This is the most important part of any project which deals with the background research done by
the researcher to acquire the objective of the project by gathering the different data related to the
project.

Block diagram and Circuit designing

Expected time: 18 days
The block diagram of the proposed model will be first sketched on a rough paper so that the
basic idea of the circuit and system can be clarified. According to the objective of the project the
circuit of the system is made and tested on the software first.

Project Management
Expected time: 7 days
The researcher is required to draw an estimated planning of the project which includes many
important planning methods like time scaling, pert chart, gantt chart, risk management related to
the project.

Analysis
Expected time: 10 days
After the primary and secondary research the researcher is required to analysis the analytical and
subjective data to competition of the project. This part consists of making questionnaire, taking
interviews, focus groups etc.

Midpoint submission
Expected time: 5 days
The document of the project is done by collecting together all the data and rearranging it in
proper manners.
Implementation
Expected time: 95 days
The software part of the system is being implemented in this section. The circuit that was
designed for the simulation is mounted. The program of the microcontroller is fed into it to check
out the working operations of the circuit.
Testing and evaluation
Expected time: 35 days
The researcher is required to test the working of the system at end user. If any error is suggested
the researcher has to check and correct that error.

Project ending
Expected time: 30 days
The Final Year Project to be given the final touch by preparing the document and final checking
of the document part and hardware combined together. Finalizing the Gantt chart and all the
formalities required to submit the project.

Project risk management:

To complete this project the researcher should be attentive on the dissimilar risk management
problems which stand as difficulties to complete the project. This part mostly deals with the
problems which are confronted by the researcher to develop the system. These problems with the
steps to be taken to avoid such problems are mentioned as under: -
Firstly, before using any component the researcher is required to complete a relative
investigation of the component to confirm the component will stands for the project of
not.
Secondly, before using such a component, the researcher required to do a shop research
for the component to confirm that the component researcher is using in simulation is
existing in the local market or not.
Moreover, the component is to be obtained before the time and is to be checked to neglect
the time interruption in the project.
Furthermore, to do an investigation on the end user to estimate the request of the project
in real time world to avoid the negligence of the project in real life.
Lastly, the project should be evolving as cost effective robot.

PERT Chart:
PERT Chart was introduced to the world by Navy of United States of America back in the year
of 1950. It was aimed to manage a submarine missile program. PERT Chart is generally used in
making the complete plan of the management of the project. It helps in organizing and
coordinating the tasks of the project within the given framework of time. There is also a similar
method named Critical Path Method (CPM), widely used in private firms as project management
tool.

A Similar PERT Chart is shown below for the purpose of this project report.
 Figure: PERT Chart

Based on this chart, now what is expected to be done is to find out two main variables for each
job to be done in it. The earliest start time (E) and latest finish time (L) is calculated from the
chart and is fed in the table shown below. This helps us in finding the maximum time allowable
during two particular jobs. Critical Path is the way taken in the project to complete the task
fastest.

Table: PERT chart Description

Activity Name of the Activity Duration E L
12 Requirement analysis and research 55 0 65
13 Project commencement 20 0 40
24 Proposed methodology 10 55 75
35 Order of hardware delivery 30 20 70
46 Project management 15 75 90
57 Block diagram 20 50 90
68 Circuit diagram 15 80 90
67 Coding 10 80 90
89 Analysis 18 90 108
9 10 Implementation 95 108 203
10 11 Testing 25 203 228
11 12 Documentation and submission 15 228 243

Gantt chart:
A Gantt chart is a horizontal bar chart developed as a production control tool in 1917 by Henry
L. Gantt, an American engineer and social scientist. Frequently used in project management, a
Gantt chart provides a graphical illustration of a schedule that helps to plan, coordinate, and track
specific tasks in a project.
 CHAPTER-4

Research methodology
Primary research:
Primary research is defined as factual, firsthand accounts of the study written by a person who
was part of the study. The methods vary on how researchers run an experiment or study, but it
typically follows the scientific method. One way you can think of primary research is that it is
typically original research.

Questionnaire analysis and conclusion:

The questionnaire was distributed among 20 people who were from different age group, among
people in different job profession such as technical, non- technical and even among the student.
This questionnaire was distributed to analyze the qualitative and quantitative response of people
regarding the topic Automated car parking system with empty slot detection. In this
questionnaire, few questions were asked from those people related to issues, advantages and
many more were asked on automated car parking system technique so that better conclusion and
outcomes should get out for the advancement of this parking system.

1. Gender

Justification: This very question was asked to collect response from different gender and to
analyze their response whether their thinking matches regarding this specific project or not.

Analysis: As, it can be easily analyzed that 16 people were male candidate whereas 4 were the
female candidate among the 20 people by seeing pi- chart which is attached as an appendix. In
this question participation of male is 80%, whereas that of female is 20%.

2. Residence

Justification: This question was asked to analyze that what would be the impact of this project on
the urban areas and in the rural areas will it be the same or different.

Analysis: As, it can be easily analyzed that 60% of the people were from the urban areas
whereas 40% of the people belongs to the rural areas people by seeing pi- chart which is
attached as an appendix.

3. Occupation field

Justification: This question was asked to analyze that what are the opinion of people of different
job profession on this project.
Analysis: As, it can be easily analyzed that among those 20 people who filled the questionnaire
68.4% were the student, 21.1% of them were doing technical job and 10.5% people were
from non-technical job respectively by seeing pi- chart which is attached as an appendix.

4. Age

Justification: This question was asked to analyze that what are the opinion of people of different
age group on this project.

Analysis: As it can be easily analyzed that 85% of the people were from the age group of
(18Years-28Years) and 15% of them were from the age group of (29Years-39Years) which
shows that only young generation has filled this questionnaire by seeing pi- chart which is
attached as an appendix.

5. Do you drive any car?

Justification: This question was asked to analyze that what are the opinion of people who knows
driving and who does not know driving, do they have same opinion regarding this project.

Analysis: As it can be easily interpreted that 61.1% of people drive car and 38.9% of the
people needs driver for them to drive from the pi- chart which is attached in the index.

6. Have you ever parked your car in an automated car parking with empty slot detection
system?

Justification: This question was asked to analyze that what ratio or percentage of people already
know about this type of parking system.

Analysis: Out of 20 people 52.6% of the people has parked their car in an automated car
parking system whereas 47.4% has not parked their car in such system means they have parked
only in conventional parking system.

7. Overall, how satisfied are you with the safety aspects to your car and to yourself using
this automatic car parking system?
Justification: This question was asked to analyze that what ratio or percentage of people do
believes that this parking system is good for safety aspects and how much satisfied are they with
this aspect?

Analysis: it can be easily interpreted that among 20 people 70% of them were somewhat
satisfied with the safety aspects to their car and to themselves in such an automatic car parking
system whereas 25% of them were extremely satisfied and 5% of them were neutral by seeing
the pi- chart which is attached in the index.

8. Overall, how satisfied are you with the costs of parking your car in such parking system
keeping all points in your mind such as its safety, security and less time consumption
choose from the given below option?

Justification: This question was asked to analyze that what ratio or percentage of people do
believes that this parking system is costlier or expensive and how much satisfied are they with
this aspect?

Analysis: 55% of the people were somewhat satisfied with the cost of parking their car in such
parking system whereas 15% were extremely satisfied, 25% were neutral and 5% of them
were somewhat unsatisfied on this point.

9. What do you think how much reliable this car parking system is choose from below
options?

Justification: This question was asked to analyze that what ratio or percentage of people do
believes that this parking system is more reliable than others parking system and how much
satisfied are they with this aspect?

Analysis: 57.9% of the people felt this parking system somewhat reliable whereas 42.1%
believes this system is extremely reliable.

10. Overall, how satisfied are you with this car parking system which has reduced the need of
manpower to maintain and handle car parking process choose from the below option?

Justification: This question was asked to analyze that what ratio or percentage of people do
believes that this parking system will reduce the manpower to handle car parking process than
others parking system and how much satisfied are they with this aspect?
Analysis: As it can be easily interpreted from the Pi chart which is attached in the appendix that
63.2% of the people are somewhat satisfied with the requirement of less manpower to handle
parking system in such parking system whereas 26.3% are neutral and 10.5% are extremely
satisfied.

11. Overall, how satisfied are you with the reduced pollution rate due to less trafficking less
fuel consumption and due to less use of horn in this parking system?

Justification: This question was asked to analyze that what ratio or percentage of people do
believes that this parking system will reduced the pollution rate than others parking system and
how much satisfied are they with this aspect?

Analysis: 45% of the people are somewhat satisfied with the point that there will be less
pollution rate by using such parking system whereas 40% are neutral and 15% are extremely
satisfied with this point.

12. Overall, how satisfied are you with the increased space availability due to multi-level car
parking system choose from the below option?

Justification: This question was asked to analyze that what ratio or percentage of people do
believes that this parking system will increase the space availability than others parking system
and how much satisfied are they with this aspect?

Analysis: 50% of the people are somewhat satisfied with the point that after implementation of
multi-level parking system there will be increased space availability whereas 40% are
extremely satisfied and 10% are neutral to this aspect.

13. What do you think is this parking system is faster in retrieving car from the parking than
other ordinary car parking system? If, yes then pick one option from below options that
how much faster is this from other parking system?

Justification: This question was asked to analyze that what ratio or percentage of people do
believes that this parking system will be faster in retrieving car from the parking than others
parking system and how much satisfied are they with this aspect?

Analysis: As it can be easily interpreted from the Pi-chart which is attached in the appendix that
65% of the people believes that this parking system is just fast in retrieving car from the
parking than other ordinary car parking system. Whereas, 25% of them it is very fast, 5% of
them thinks it is very slow and 5% also thinks it is not so fast in retrieving car.

14. Will you like to have this parking system in future?

Justification: This question was asked to analyze that what ratio or percentage of people would
like have such parking system in future?

Analysis: As it can be easily interpreted from the above Pi chart which is attached in the
appendix that 65% of the people would like to have automatic car parking system in future
whereas 35% of them do think they may need probably in future.

Interview question analysis:

This interview was done among few people who were from different age group, also among
different gender, among people in different job profession such as technical, non- technical and
even among the student. This interview was done to analyze the qualitative and quantitative
response of people regarding the topic Automated car parking system with empty slot
detection. In this interview, few questions were asked from those people related to issues,
advantages and many more were asked on automated car parking system technique.

Here, Pi- chart has been implemented to analyze the responses of the people on the questions
which were asked to them and this Pi-chart is attached in the appendix.

1. Are you interested in technological system?

Justification: This question was asked to see the interest of people in the interview in the
technological system.

Analysis: As, it can be seen in the Pi-chart that 80% of the people were interested in
technological system, whereas 7% of them were not and 13% of them thinks it depends on the
system whether the system is reliable, efficient and beneficial for them or not.

2. Do they trust this kind of project or not?

Justification: This question was asked to see that the people in the interview whether know
about such system or not because if they know something regarding this project they would trust
this project.

Analysis: And as it can be seen clearly in the above pi-chart that 80% of them Agreed to yes
which shows that they do feel this project is a good idea to make whereas, 20% of them do not
feel same.

3. Would you like to update conventional car parking system to such an automatic car
parking system? Specify your answer by selecting any one option according to your
priority.

Justification: This question was asked to see that the people in the interview prefer why they
would install this parking system what the most in this parking system.

Analysis: 48% of them replied they would do so to save time whereas 42% of them would do
so for security reasons and 10% of them would do so because they like technological gadgets

4. How satisfied are you with the reduced pollution rate due to less trafficking less fuel
consumption and due to less use of horn in this parking system?

Analysis: It was analyzed that most of them were fully satisfied to this fact that due less
trafficking, less fuel consumption or less wastages of fuel less use of horn will definitely reduce
the pollution rate, it will reduce air pollution and sound pollution as well.
5. How much satisfied are you with the increased space availability due to multi-level car
parking system?
Analysis: It was analyzed that most of them were completely satisfied to this fact that by
introducing multi-level parking technology the issues or problems will reduces of space
availability to some extent. They do also believe that multilevel car park offers the greatest
possible flexibility for the realization of optimum parking solution.
6. Which parking system should cost more either conventional parking system or automatic
car parking system?
Analysis: It was analyzed that, most of the people in the interview were supporting to automatic
car parking system by saying that it should costs more because this system requires more
maintenance charge, this system is better in safety and security aspects, is more reliable, more
efficient, even it takes less time to park vehicle, increases space availability, creates less pollution
etcetera. Whereas, few of them were supporting to conventional car parking system should costs
more for parking because they need human efforts for handling the system, human can get
injured, human gets tired, human is not programmed as in automatic car parking system is
programmed, human do not need maintenance as automatic parking system do need so human
deserves more costs and hence conventional parking should costs more than that of automatic
parking system.
7. Additional comments and suggestion for this project.

Analysis: It was analyzed that they suggested to use more powerful motor for faster movement,
limit switches for accuracy, bearings and appropriate materials for less friction, more rigid
structure for more stability, closed system to reduce noise pollution and display system to show
parking availability. Few of them also suggested implementing conveyer belt technique in
making of multi-level parking in this project whereas, some of them also suggested to make card
system acceptance to verify the entrance and exit of the vehicle from this system for better safety
and security aspects.

Focus group discussion analysis and conclusion:

This focus group discussion was done among 4 different focus group of people who were from
different age group, among people in different job profession such as technical, non- technical
and even among the student. This focus group discussion was done to analyze the qualitative and
quantitative response of people regarding the topic Automated car parking system with empty
slot detection. In this group discussion, few questions were asked from those people related to
issues, advantages and many more were asked on automated car parking system technique so
that better conclusion and outcomes should get out for the advancement of this parking system.

So, the first question which was asked from them was that what do you think about Automatic
car parking system with empty slot detection system which has capability to overcome with the
various parking issues? And, after discussion it was concluded from the discussion that these
smart parking systems can counter the parking problems that arise due to the unavailability of a
reliable, efficient and modern parking system. The use of different modern techniques such as
expert system, wireless sensor based, fuzzy based, vision based, GPS based, and vehicular
communication based can reduce the parking related issues. Such system can help the economic,
social and safety based aspects of the society. These systems should be done for integrating
different technologies together in order to achieve a system which is a most efficient, reliable,
secure and inexpensive.

Furthermore, second question which was asked from them in the discussion was what can be the
problems and what are the disadvantages comes out while installing this system and discuss the
criteria, feature and condition user will require to install this kind of product. And the conclusion
comes out to be that there are few disadvantages of introducing such system for parking such as,
such system requires regular cleaning, lubrication and maintenance, cost of replacing
components would be expensive, this system also requires regular power backup as well.

Moreover, the very next question which was asked was what can be the advantages and
disadvantages of implementing multi-level parking and what are the different techniques which
can be used for multi-level parking techniques in this system? And the answers were that the
disadvantages are:

1. Deterioration and maintenance, as the structures quickly deteriorate in the absence of

constant maintenance activity.

2. Parking angle consideration, as the angled parking, do not work well with a two-way
traffic flow and can only work well in garages with separate entrance and exit openings

3. Lighting, as most parking lots open at night, multi-story or otherwise, require some form
of lighting, the multi-story nature of parking garages creates a need for numerous lights
throughout the structure.

4. Safety, as the multi-level parking facilities allow limited natural light inside, some
security experts express, concern about safety aspects inside the structures, as criminals
may hide themselves inside structures due to lack of lighting effect.

Now, conclusion on the advantages of using multilevel parking is:

1. Optimal utilization of space,

 2. lower maintenance and operational cost,

3. lower construction cost (owing to the prefabrication),

4. secure and environment-friendly nature

5. comfortable for the drivers

6. Cost saving for builders by saving height or depth.

Furthermore, they were asked what will be the advantages and disadvantages of introducing card
acceptance at entrance and exit of vehicle in the automatic car parking system. And then it was
concluded in the discussion that there are several advantages and some of them are, firstly this
card acceptance system in car parking system will be good for security purposes, this system can
also be used for parking fee payment purpose whereas there is very few disadvantages of card
acceptance in parking system such as this system will take slightly more time in parking vehicles
due to card checking, verification and then card accepting process.

Furthermore, they were asked to give some suggestion regarding automatic car parking system
with modification and few of them suggested to introduce multilevel car parking using conveyer
belt to move the vehicles to the upper floor, few them also suggested to use card acceptance
system with modifying this card system by implementing card payment system too by applying
this suggestion into the project the system of parking will become more reliable, efficient, and
more safe and secured system.

Conclusion:
It has been concluded from the primary research analysis that this parking system can counter the
parking problems that arise due to the unavailability of reliable, efficient, and modern parking
system. Such system can help the economic, social and safety based aspects of the society. It also
helps in preserving the environment, fuel and time. In this project the method used for the
primary research are Questionnaire, interview, and focus group discussion.

Secondary research:
Secondary research is defined as an analysis and interpretation of primary research. The method
of writing secondary research is to collect primary research that is relevant to a writing topic and
interpret what the primary research found. For instance, secondary research often takes the form
of the results from two or more primary research articles and explains what the two separate
findings are telling us. Or, the author may have a specific topic to write about and will find many
pieces of primary research and use them as information in their next article or textbook chapter.

Block Diagram
The block diagram represents the process of the working of the system, the dependency of one
process over another process. The researcher is trying to describe the working principle of the
project through the block diagram shown below.
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