Leadership

Awards
For Satellites,
Signals, Services
and Products

WWW.GPSWORLD.COM

ARIANE LIFTS FOUR GALILEOS, NOVEMBER 17

FOURSQUARE
TO GNSS FUTURE
CHIEF EXECUTIVE VIEWS FOR 2017

China Satellite Navigation Office European Space Agency GLONASS General Designer GPS Directorate

GALILEO LAUNCHES
FOUR AT ONCE!

ADJACENT-BAND
INTERFERENCE

CONNECTED CARS
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 VO L . 27 N O. 12 G P SWO R LD.CO M DECEMBER 2016
DIRECTIONS 2017
14 20
GPS NAVIGATES 2017: THE YEAR OF
THE FUTURE GALILEO
BY Col. Steven Whitney BY Paul Verhoef
Director, Global Director Satellite
Positioning Systems Navigation, European
Directorate Space Agency

22 24
NEW GLONASS BEIDOUS ROAD TO
CAPABILITIES FOR USERS GLOBAL SERVICE
BY Sergey Karutin BY Li Wang
GLONASS Designer Director International
General; with Cooperation Center, China
Nicolay Testoedov Satellite Navigation
and Andrey Tulin Office

2016 LEADERSHIP AWARDS 32 LAUNCHPAD

A GNSS DREAM REALIZED 28 OEM
Plus Iridium, New SatNav from On-Orbit Satellites; L1 RTK Presages More Change;
Raw GNSS Data Avaialable in Android; GNSS+ Forum
29 SURVEY & MAPPING
BY Didier Faivre, Clark Cohen, Daniel Ammann, 30 TRANSPORTATION
Steve Malkos and John Raquet 31 UAV

OPINIONS AND DEPARTMENTS MARKET WATCH

40 OEM
41 SURVEY
42 MAPPING
43 UAV
44 TRANSPORTATION

DECEMBER 2016 WWW.GPSWORLD.COM GPS WORLD 3

|
 ONLINENOW READER POLL NEWSLETTER EXCERPT
WHAT WAS Going Beyond GPS
THE BIGGEST BY Eric Gakstatter
GEOSPATIAL SOLUTIONS, CONTRIBUTING EDITOR
to make a living
GNSS OR designing GPS

T
imes have changed, and boxes.
PNT NEWS the technology landscape
is much, much different
Sure, GPS
is still a core technology offered
STORY OF today than it was as recently as
10 years ago when GPS was the
in most hardware products that
geospatial professionals use, but
2016? driving-force technology for
geospatial users and geospatial
its not the centerpiece. Its all
about system solutions, of which
equipment, and the exclusive software (and hardware besides
concern of many companies in GPS) is a major component.
US Coast Guard issues GPS the industry. In that era, their As just one example of this
jamming alert
challenges were to design the best- overall industry trend, lets look
Google to provide raw GNSS
measurements performing receiver in terms of at how the message of system
accuracy, size, weight, ruggedness solutions was abundantly clear last
Using GPS, Pokmon GO takes and so on. week at the Trimble Dimensions
on the world
Now, GPS technology has User Conference in Las Vegas.
GNSS RTK precision brought to been commoditized in mobile
the mass market
devices (the GNSS chip in your Read the full column from the
14 Galileo satellites now in smartphone costs about $1.50), Geospatial Solutions newsletter at
orbit
and high-precision GNSS is geospatial-solutions.com/category/
World dodges GPS bullet heading in that direction. Its hard opinions/.

Unlicensed UAV services

threaten survey profession
HOTTEST PAGES @ GPSWORLD.COM
Other OCTOBER 19 NOVEMBER 18, 2016

Data collection of WGS 84 information or is it?

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 1 (Survey Scene newsletter)
INSIGHTS

Innovation: Precise positioning using raw GPS FROM THE

2 measurements from Android smartphones MAGAZINE
DECEMBER POLL DJI and DroneSAR launch rescue app
WEIGH IN TODAY 3 for first responders
ENEWS

Why tether drones? Plus: Trimble divestiture, Intel

WHEN GALILEO IOC 4 expansion, ISIS (Professional OEM newsletter)
INSIGHTS

IS DECLARED, WHICH 5 DJI offers large drone Matrice 600 Pro ENEWS

APPLICATION SECTOR Trimble unveils software GNSS receiver for high-

6 ENEWS
WILL TAKE OFF accuracy in mobile devices

FASTEST? 7 Russians seek answers to GPS anomaly in Moscow ENEWS

GO TO WWW.GPSWORLD.COM/
8 4 Galileos a go for Thursday launch ENEWS
DECPOLL.
Answer poll by December 15. 9 DoD certifies GPS OCX program to Congress ENEWS
See results in the January issue.
All poll takers entered in drawing Raytheon, US Air Force complete GPS OCX
for a $50 gift card.
10 test milestone
ENEWS

4 GPS WORLD WWW.GPSWORLD.COM DECEMBER 2016

|
Gain perspective
in real-world
GNSS simulation
The GNSS simulator in the SMBV100A vector signal generator
Expensive, inexible simulation of GNSS scenarios is a thing of the past.
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To nd out more, go to
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airpano.com
OUT IN FRONT
Don Jewell, 19492016
D
on Jewell passed away
unexpectedly on Oct. 12. For
more than nine years, Don
wrote the Defense PNT monthly
e-newsletter column for GPS World,
after a distinguished 30-year career in
the U.S. Air Force, retiring as Deputy
Chief Scientist for Air Force Space
Command with the rank of Lieutenant
Colonel.
Born in Louisville, Kentucky, Don
earned a bachelors degree in political
science from the University of Kentucky
and an MBA from the University of
Oklahoma. He served in the United
States Air Force as an aviator, navigator,
and space subject matter expert and
completed two Command assignments
at Schriever Air Force Base.
His involvement with GPS began
in 1978. As politico-military affairs
officer in the White House, he worked
with foreign embassies making critical
export control decisions concerning
sophisticated military hardware and
software. After the Air Force, Don
worked seven years as senior space
executive at Motorola and General
Dynamics, and senior VP at Infofusion.
He worked at the Institute for
Defense Analyses (IDA) as a member
of several advisory committees to
the Department of Defense: the GPS
Independent Review Team (IRT),
Space Programs Assessment Group
for SMC, Independent Assessment
6 GPS WORLD WWW.GPSWORLD.COM
Team for WAAS, and Co-Chair of
Military Critical Technologies Program
for Space.
A close friend said, Don was a real
pillar for the PNT community and
consummate spokesman for the truth,
always offering constructive criticism
where needed. An exemplary personality
who always did the right thing.
Another colleague remembered,
Don was a key player in all tasks
u n d e r t a ke n i n re s p ons e to t h e
Commander Space Command. One
of his many significant roles was as key
IRT debriefer of warriors returning to
the U.S. through Ft. Carson following
operational deployments, to get candid
inputs on what shortfalls in PNT
they had using GPS to execute their
missions, so that Don could make sure
DoD leadership didnt get complacent
in management and operation of GPS.
From 20102015, he helped assemble
and co-chaired the Warfighter Crosstalk
Panel in the Institute of Navigation
Joint Navigation Conference (JNC),
focusing on needs of military and first
responder users for PNT.
See gpsworld.com/donjewell for
further remembrances and information
on donations in his memory.
DECEMBER 2016
|
EDITORIAL
WWW.GPSWORLD.COM
Editor-in-Chief & Group Publisher Alan Cameron
editor@gpsworld.com | 541-984-5312
Managing Editor Tracy Cozzens
tcozzens@northcoastmedia.net | 541-255-3334
Senior Digital Editor Joelle Harms
jharms@northcoastmedia.net | 216-706-3780
Digital Editor Allison Barwacz
abarwacz@northcoastmedia.net | 216-706-3796
Art Director Charles Park
CONTRIBUTING EDITORS
Innovation Richard Langley | lang@unb.ca
Defense PNT Don Jewell | djewell@gpsworld.com
European GNSS Tim Reynolds | treynolds@gpsworld.com
Professional OEM Tony Murfin
Geospatial Eric Gakstatter | egakstatter@gpsworld.com
GeoIntelligence Art Kalinski | akalinski@gpsworld.com
Survey Tim Burch and Dave Zilkoski
Wireless LBS Insider Janice Partyka | jpartyka@gpsworld.com
BUSINESS
INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNT MANAGER Michelle Mitchell
mmitchell@northcoastmedia.net | 216-363-7922
DIGITAL OPERATIONS MANAGER Bethany Chambers
bchambers@northcoastmedia.net | 216-706-3771
WEB DEVELOPER Jesse Malcmacher
jmalcmacher@northcoastmedia.net | 216-363-7925
MARKETING MANAGER Scott Gebler
sgebler@northcoastmedia.net | 216-363-7932
PUBLISHING SERVICES
Manager, Production Services Chris Anderson
canderson@northcoastmedia.net | 216-978-5341
Senior Audience Development Manager Antoinette Sanchez-Perkins
asanchez-perkins@northcoastmedia.net | 216-706-3750
Reprints & Permissions Brett Petillo
bpetillo@wrightsmedia.com | 877-652-5295
Circulation/Subscriber Services
gpsworld@halldata.com | USA: 847-513-6030
NORTH COAST MEDIA, LLC.
1360 East 9th St, Suite 1070
Cleveland, OH 44114, USA
President & CEO Kevin Stoltman
kstoltman@northcoastmedia.net | 216-706-3740
Vice President of Finance & Operations Steve Galperin
sgalperin@northcoastmedia.net | 216-706-3705
Editorial Directors
Marisa Palmieri | mpalmieri@northcoastmedia.net | 216-706-3764
Marty Whitford | mwhitford@northcoastmedia.net | 216-706-3766
VP Graphic Design & Production
Pete Seltzer | pseltzer@northcoastmedia.net | 216-706-3737
MANUSCRIPTS: GPS World welcomes unsolicited articles but cannot be held responsible
for their safekeeping or return. Send to: 1360 East 9th St, Suite 1070, IMG Center, Cleveland, OH 44114,
USA. Every precaution is taken to ensure accuracy, but publishers cannot accept responsibility
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Published monthly
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 A DV E R TO R I A L

Q&A with Fergus Noble, Swift Navigation CTO

Fergus Noble is co-founder and CTO of Swift Navigation, where he focuses on technology strategy and architecture.
Prior to Swift, he obtained his BA and MSc degrees in Physics from the University of Cambridge. Fergus moved from
the UK to California to work for Joby Energy on GPS systems and Flight Software teams for high-altitude wind turbines.
In 2012, he co-founded Swift Navigation, with the goal of developing a new, open, highly-accurate GPS receiver for
autonomous vehicles. In May of 2016, Fergus was honored by Inc. Magazine as one of their 30 Under 30 Most Innovative
Young Entrepreneurs in America and in October of 2016, Swift Navigation launched the next evolution of Piksithe Piksi
Multi, a multi-band, multi-constellation, centimeter-accurate GNSS receiver.

Swift Navigation CTO Fergus Noble discusses
how changing technologies and applications
are causing a shift in the landscape of real-
time kinematic (RTK) GPS.
HOW DOES SWIFT NAVIGATIONS APPROACH
TO PRECISION-GNSS DIFFER FROM OTHERS
WITHIN THE INDUSTRY? The industry has
not changed its approach for decades. While
legacy GPS providers make high-accuracy
GPS solutions, most are far too expensive
for emerging applications, such as robotics
and autonomous vehicles. On the other end,
low-cost consumer-grade GPS receivers
lack sufficient accuracy. Swift is focused on
making GPS solutions that offer the best of
bothhighly accurate, affordable and easily
integrated into a variety of applications. As an
example, Swifts centimeter-accurate, L1/L2
RTK GNSS is available at a breakthrough price
of $600.
HOW ARE YOU ABLE TO OFFER BOTH A ROBUST
SOLUTION AND A LOW COST? We set out to
democratize access to precision navigation.
It took 4 years and required building a new
receiver platform from scratch to achieve the
goal of providing 100 times better accuracy
than a standard GPS receiver for less than 1/10th
the cost of comparable systems. We started
with well-known RTK techniques and went back
to first principles to build a solution that was
capable of running on low-cost hardware using
off-the-shelf cell phone components.
ARE YOU MANUFACTURING ABROAD TO
ACHIEVE THESE PRICE POINTS? No, in fact we
do not manufacture overseas. Swift is proud to
offer American-made GNSS modules and our
contract manufacturing is done in our home
state of California.
SWIFT RECENTLY INTRODUCED PIKSI MULTI,
CAN YOU TELL ME MORE ABOUT IT? Piksi Multi
is a multi-band, multi-constellation RTK GNSS
receiver providing centimeter accuracy at a
low cost. Being multi-band means fast RTK
convergence times measured in seconds,
not minutes. Multi constellations improve
availability, reliability and range between
base and rover. It supports GPS L1 / L2 and is
hardware-ready for GLONASS G1/G2, BeiDou
B1/B2 and Galileo E1/E5b, QZSS and SBAS.
WHAT ARE SOME OF THE TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATIONS OF PIKSI MULTI THAT YOU ARE
MOST EXCITED ABOUT? Multi-frequency support
is a real game changer. This allows us to achieve
a centimeter accuracy fix in a few seconds. This
is critical for driving applications where you
need to regain a high-accuracy fix quickly after
going through a tunnel, for example. Having
an integrated MEMS inertial measurement unit
(IMU) is critical for improving robustness and
availability in challenging environments such as
urban canyons.
IN WHAT WAYS IS PIKSI MULTI AN IMPROVEMENT
OVER YOUR FIRST GENERATION PIKSI PRODUCT?
Piksi was the first low-cost RTK receiver to
market and proved we could provide high
accuracy at low price point, defining a new
category of GNSS systems. However, like all
single-frequency systems, it took many minutes
to achieve a high-accuracy fix, making it
unsuitable for applications such as autonomous
driving. Our new product, Piksi Multi, was built
from the ground up for the needs of autonomous
vehicles and improves availability, reliability and
convergence time, while maintaining our focus
on best-in-class price and accuracy.
IN WHAT APPLICATIONS IS SWIFT SEEING THE
MOST INTEREST? With our mission to enable a
future of autonomous vehicles, we are seeing
increased interest from the automotive market.
This sector is currently focused on selecting the
right sensors to use in their automotive sensor
suite to achieve level 3+ autonomy. At Swift
we believe that GNSS forms the cornerstone of
these sensor suites as it is the only sensor that
provides absolute position, time and velocity.
ANY OTHER MARKETS OTHER THAN
AUTOMOTIVE? Definitely. We are seeing traction
in many industries ranging from precision
agriculture, UAVs, robotics, space, survey and
R&D projects.
WHATS THE BEST WAY TO GET STARTED
WITH SWIFT NAVIGATIONS SOLUTIONS? Most
customers begin with an Evaluation Kit. The
kit contains everything one needs for rapid
prototyping and testing, featuring two Piksi Multi
GNSS receivers (for rover and base station) and
two Evaluation Boards so integrators can test
Piksi using a variety of communication interfaces
such as UART, CAN, Ethernet and USB ports. The
kit also contains two survey-grade antennas,
two best-in-class FreeWave radios with effective
ranges up to 15 kilometers, plus all required
cables and accessories. We try to make it simple
for our customers to get a RTK set-up going
literally right out of the box. Once they finish
integration testing, they can purchase additional
Piksi Multi GNSS modules at $600 each or at
discounted volume pricing.

BROUGHT TO YOU BY

8 GPS WORLD WWW.GPSWORLD.COM DECEMBER 2016

|
INTRODUCING PIKSI MULTI

Centimeter-Accurate Results. Breakthrough Price of $600. Supports

GPS L1/L2
Swift Navigation introduces the Piksi Multi GNSS receiver. Its
Hardware-Ready For
dual-frequency operation offers fast RTK convergence times measured
GLONASS G1/G2
in seconds. Benefit from much faster system start times and reacquisition,
BeiDou B1/B2
critical to robotic systems.
Galileo E1/E5b
Piksi Multi embraces Swift Navigations foundation for unmatched QZSS L1/L2
affordability and is available at a much lower price than comparable SBAS
systems to enable rapid prototyping and integration. Made in the USA

PRE-ORDER YOUR E VALUATION KIT TODAY!

W W W.SWIF TNAV.COM/GPS
TAKING POSITION
Q: What significant new developments in positioning,
navigation or timing can we anticipate in 2017?
DAN
CONWAY
E X ECU T IVE VP,
GUIDANCE &
S TABIL IZ AT ION,
KVH INDUSTRIES
With increasing focus on robust and
A:resilient positioning, navigation and
timing (PNT), industry must respond with
improved access to accurate and trusted
position and timing, particularly for the
warfighter. For military vehicles, this
translates to a requirement for improved
navigation systems that will provide
commanders and onboard vehicle electronic
systems with resilient PNT in contested
environments. Secure and more robust
navigation systems must now, more than
ever, assure position and timing regardless
of access to satellites.
JEFF
MARTIN
VP OF BUSINE SS
DE VELOPMEN T &
SAL E S,
SPIRENT FEDERAL
Global navigation satellite systems have
A:continually evolved, and 2017 should be
no exception. With the scheduled launch of
GPS III satellites, the world will see two new
signals: M-code from a directional antenna
and L1C (new civil signal). The European
Galileo system may become operational.
Russia is not expected to launch the new
GLONASS K-2 satellites in 2017, but its not
far off. Developers, integrators and users will
have lots of options in 2017!
10 G P S W O R L D WWW.GPSWORLD.COM DECEMBER 2016
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
MARK
SAMPSON
PRODUC T MANAGER,
RACELOGIC
With approximately 65% of mass-
A:market receiver chipsets already capable
of multi-constellation tracking and with
this figure set to rise significantly in the near
future the demand for cost-effective
but highly capable consumer goods with
GNSS capabilities is clearly growing at an
exponential rate. The forthcoming civilian
signals offer huge opportunity to many
sectors, but also present a challenge in the
test and validation of new products, which
will require highly capable and flexible
simulation equipment.
FERGUS
NOBLE
CO -FOUNDER
AND C TO,
SWIFT NAVIGATION
Next year will bring huge strides in
A:autonomous navigation. Multi-band
high-precision GNSS will be a key enabler
for robotics applications. Customers are
demanding navigation solutions that are
accurate, fast, robust and affordable. Multi-
band enables convergence times measured
in seconds, not minutes. Rapid time to first
fix and reacquiring fix quickly after passing
under obstructions will be essential for
autonomous driving applications. Low-
cost L1/L2 RTK GNSS will help bring these
autonomous robotic applications to life.
 ORBIT DATA AND RESOURCES ON ACTIVE GNSS SATELLITES ALMANAC

GPS CONSTELLATION
SVN PRN CLOCK LAUNCHED
TYPE: Block IIA
USABLE PLANE/SLOT NOTES See Online Almanac for
23
34

43
32
04

13 Rb
11-26-90
10-26-93
TYPE: Block IIR
7-23-97 1-31-98 F2-F
A
B
Latest Constellation Updates
46 11 Rb 10-7-99 1-3-00 D2-F
51 20 Rb 5-11-00 6-1-00 E7 C
44 28 Rb 7-16-00 8-17-00 B3 For years the December issue of GPS World has included the Almanac update,
41 14 Rb 11-10-00 12-10-00 F1
THE LATEST DATA but this year theres no room! See gpsworld.com/almanac for the latest launches,
MANAC ONLINE FOR
54 18 Rb 1-30-01 2-15-01 E4

SEE AL
56 16 Rb 1-29-03 2-18-03 B1-A
45
47
21
22
Rb
Rb
3-31-03
12-21-03
4-12-03
1-12-04
D3
E6 D
complete constellation status and more. Includes SBAS.
59 19 Rb 3-20-04 4-5-04 C5 D
60 23 Rb 6-23-04 7-9-04 F4
61 02 Rb 11-6-04 11-22-04 D1
TYPE: Block IIR-M
53 17 Rb 9-26-05 12-16-05 C4
52 31 Rb 9-25-06 10-12-06 A2

GLONASS CONSTELLATION
GLONASS KOSMOS ALMANAC/ ORBIT
NUMBER NUMBER LAUNCHED USABLE SLOT CHANNEL PLANE NOTES
100 (714) 2419 12-25-05 4-15-15 (17) 3 A
101 (715) 2424 12-25-06 4-3-07 14 -7 2
102 (716) 2425 12-25-06 10-12-07 15 0 2
103 (717) 2426 12-25-06 4-3-07 10 -7 2
105 (719) 2432 10-26-07 11-27-07 20 2 3
106 (720) 2433 10-26-07 11-25-07 19 3 3
107 (721) 2434 12-25-07 2-8-08 13 -2 2
109 (723) 2436 12-25-07 1-22-08 (11) 2 B
111 (725) 2443 9-25-08 11-5-08 C
116 (730) 2456 12-14-09 1-30-10 1 1 1
117 (733) 2457 12-14-09 1-24-10 6 -4 1
118 (734) 2458 12-14-09 1-10-10 5 1 1
TA
E FOR THE LATEST DA
119 (731) 2459 3-1-10 3-28-10 22 -3 3

SEE ALMANAC ONLIN

120 (732) 2460 3-1-10 3-28-10 23 3 3
121 (735) 2461 3-1-10 3-28-10 24 2 3
122 (736) 2464 9-2-10
D 10-4-10 16 -1 2
123 (737) 2465 9-2-10 10-12-10 12 -1 2 E
124 (738) 2466 9-2-10 10-11-10 F
125 (701) 2471 2-26-11 (20) -5 3 G
126 (742) 2474 10-2-11 10-25-11 4 6 1
127 (743) 2475 11-4-11 3-5-13 8 6 1
128 (744) 2476 11-4-11 12-8-11 3 5 1
129 (745) 2477 11-4-11 12-23-11 7 5 1
130 (746) 2478 11-28-11 12-23-11 H
131 (747) 2485 4-26-13 7-4-13 2 -4 1
132 (754) 2491 3-24-14 4-13-14 18 -3 3
133 (755) 2500 6-14-14 8-3-14 21 4 3
134 (702) 2501 11-30-14 2-15-16 9 -6 2 I
135 (751) 2514 2-7-16 2-28-16 17 4 3 J
136 (753) 2516 5-19-16 6-27-16 11 0 2 K

GALILEO CONSTELLATION
SATELLITE NORAD ID LAUNCHED L-BAND ACTIVE OPERATIONAL SLOT PRN CLOCK NICKNAME NOTES
GIOVE-A 28922 12-28-05 A
GIOVE-B 32781 4-26-08 B
PFM (GSAT0101) 37846 10-21-11 12-10-11 12-10-11 B5 E11 Rb Thijs F
FM2 (GSAT0102) 37847 10-21-11 1-9-12 1-16-12 B6 E12 Rb Natalia F
FM3 (GSAT0103) 38857 10-12-12 12-1-12 12-1-12 C4 E19 H David F
FM4 (GSAT0104) 38858 10-12-12 12-12-12 12-12-12 C5 E20 Rb Sif C, F
FOC-FM1 (0201) 40128 8-22-14 11-29-14 E18 Rb Doresa D, G
TA
E FOR THE LATEST DA
FOC-FM2 (0202) 40129 8-22-14 3-17-15 E14 Rb Milena E,G

SEE ALMANAC ONLIN

FOC-FM3 (0203) 40544 3-27-15 5-24-15 12-3-15 B8 E26 H Adam F
FOC-FM4 (0204) 40545 3-27-15 5-21-15 12-4-15 B3 E22 H Anastasia F
FOC-FM5 (0205) 40889 9-11-15 11-9-15 1-28-16 A8 E24 H Alba F
FOC-FM6 (0206) 40890 9-11-15 11-9-15 1-28-16 A5 E30 H Oriana F
FOC-FM8 (0208) 41174 12-17-15 2-16-16 4-22-16 C7 E08 H Andriana F
FOC-FM9 (0209) 41175 12-17-15 2-18-16 4-22-16 C2 E09 H Liene F
In commis-
FOC-FM10 (0210) 41550 5-24-16 A2 E01 Daniel
sioning
In commis-
FOC-FM11 (0211) 41549 5-24-16 A6 E02 Alize
sioning

BEIDOU CONSTELLATION
SATELLITE NORAD ID PRN LAUNCHED ORBIT NOTES
BeiDou M1 31115 C30 4-13-07 MEO period 12.89 hours A
BeiDou G2 34779 N/A 4-14-09 GEO drifting B
BeiDou G1 36287 C01 1-16-10 GEO 140 E C
BeiDou G3 36590 C03 6-2-10 GEO 110.5 E D
BeiDou IGSO1 36828 C06 7-31-10 IGSO 118 E, 55 incl.
BeiDou G4 37210 C04 10-31-10 GEO 160 E
BeiDou IGSO2 37256 C07 12-17-10 IGSO 118 E, 55 incl.
BeiDou IGSO3 37384 C08 4-9-11 IGSO 118 E, 55 incl.
BeiDou IGSO4 37763 C09 7-26-11 IGSO 95 E, 55 incl.
TA
E FOR THE LATEST DA
BeiDou IGSO5 37948 C10 12-1-11 IGSO 95 E, 55 incl.

SEE ALMANAC ONLIN

BeiDou G5 38091 C05 2-24-12 GEO 58.75 E
BeiDou M3 38250 C11 4-29-12 MEO slot 1-7 E
BeiDou M4 38251 C12 4-29-12 MEO slot 1-8 E
BeiDou M5 38774 C13 9-18-12 MEO slot 2-3 E, F
BeiDou M6 38775 C14 9-18-12 MEO slot 2-4 E
BeiDou G6 38953 C02 10-25-12 GEO 80 E
BeiDou I1-S 40549 C31 3-30-15 IGSO 95 E, 55 incl. G
BeiDou M1-S 40748 C33 7-25-15 MEO slot 1-6 E, G
BeiDou M2-S 40749 C34 7-25-15 MEO slot 1-1 E, G
BeiDou I2-S 40938 C32 9-29-15 IGSO 95 E, 55 incl. G
BeiDou M3-S 41315 ? 2-1-16 MEO slot 2-1 E, G
BeiDou IGS06 41434 C15 3-29-16 IGSO 95 E, 55 incl.
BeiDou G7 41586 ? 6-12-16 GEO 144.5 E

DECEMBER 2016 WWW.GPSWORLD.COM G P S W O R L D 11

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 SYSTEM
Policy and System
Developments
GPS Galileo GLONASS BeiDou

OF SYSTEMS
Galileo Deals Four of a Kind
A
n Ariane 5 heavy-lift
rocket launched four full
operational capability
(FOC) Galileo satellites
on Novemb er 17, accelerating
deployment of the new satellite
navigation system.
The rocket carried Galileo satellites
1518 from Europes Spaceport in
Kourou, French Guiana, into space,
releasing the first pair 3 hours, 25
minutes after liftoff, while the second
separated 20 minutes later.
All four are at their target altitude,
after a smooth release from the new
dispenser designed to handle four Galileo satellites 1518 deploying from their dispenser (artists concept: ESA). Below,
the Kourou launch team.
satellites.
Over the next few days, engineers were placed in a circular medium Earth Programme and Navigation-related
will nudge the satellites into their orbit (MEO) in Plane C, at an altitude Activities.
final working orbits and begin tests of 22,922 km. and an inclination of Two additional Ariane 5 launches
to ensure they are ready to join the 54.57 degrees. They will subsequently are scheduled in 2017 and 2018. The
constellation. This is expected to take be moved to their operational orbit at full system of 24 satellites plus spares is
six months or so. an altitude of 23,222 km. expected to be in place by 2020.
This mission brings the Galileo Now that we can rely on the With this 75th successful launch
system to 18 satellites. powerful Ariane 5, we can anticipate in a row, Ariane 5 sets a new record
The satellites already in orbit will the quicker completion of Galileo within European developed launchers
allow the European Commission to deployment, permitting the system and proves once more its reliability,
declare the start of initial services, to enter full operation, saidPaul said Daniel Neuenschwander, ESAs
expected by years end. Verhoef, ESAs director for the Galileo director for Launchers.
The previous 14 satellites were
launched two at a time using the
SoyuzFregat rocket.
Galileo FOC-M6 satellites. The 15th
to 18th satellites were built by prime
contractor OHB System in Bremen,
Germany, with the payloads supplied by
UK-based Surrey Satellite Technology
Ltd., owned by Airbus Defence and
Space.
The satellites weighed 714, 715, 714
and 715 kg. at launch, respectively, and

12 G P S W O R L D WWW.GPSWORLD.COM DECEMBER 2016

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 SYSTEM
Policy and System
Developments
GPS Galileo GLONASS BeiDou

OF SYSTEMS
GPS Navigates the Future
BY Col. Steven Whitney
Director, Global Positioning
Systems Directorate

I
m proud to be a part of the
accomplishments of the men and
women of the Space and Missile
Systems Centers Global Positioning
System Directorate at Los Angeles Air
Force Base in El Segundo, California.
The year has been extremely challenging,
but looking back on 2016, we have taken
real steps forward to modernize the
GPS Enterprise and the way we do
business. Id like to share some of our
major accomplishments (see facing page
for 2016 in Review) and challenges,
and provide some insights for 2017 and
beyond.
maintaining ties to our civil stakeholders Space Segment
Civil Partnerships and ensuring that we have an effective A key milestone occurred Feb. 5, 2016,
While much of our focus is on military flow of information both to and from with the launch of our 12th and final
capabilities, GPS is a global utility with the Directorate. GPS IIF satellite. This marked the end of
very strong ties to the civil community. We are currently engaged in the DOT- an extremely successful GPS IIF launch
The same principles of transparency led Adjacent Band Compatibility study, campaign and our most aggressive
and communication are cornerstones initiated by the National Space-Based launch schedule in the last 20+ years:
of our relationships with the various PNT Executive Committee. This year eight successful launches in 24 months!
stakeholders. will see the culmination of the effort to The addition of the GPS IIF satellites
One example of this is our work with determine power levels from potential to the constellation enabled the system
the Federal Aviation Administration future adjacent-band sources that are to reach its best performance day ever on
and the Department of Transportation, compatible with existing and evolving May 11, 2016, achieving 36.5-centimeter
where the safety-of-life applications are GPS receivers, and serve as a foundation accuracy in average user range error.
a key element of our discussions. To to determine power levels compatible Moving over to our next generation
ensure a transparent, communication- with evolving GPS/GNSS receivers. GPS III satellites, SV-01 continues to
rich relationship, we hold quarterly This study exemplifies our strong make steady progress. In August, the
program management reviews with these ties with the greater GPS community, team executed successful functional
organizations and their stakeholders. as well as my push for the Directorates and physical configuration audits with
The GPS Directorate continues to efforts to be as transparent as possible, Lockheed Martin, completing a key task
actively participate on a number of execute data-driven decisions, and be on the road to achieving our available for
committees, such as the Civil GPS Service guided by widely accepted international launch (AFL) date. The AFL declaration
Interface Committee, that are key to standards. signifies completion of production

14 G P S W O R L D WWW.GPSWORLD.COM DECEMBER 2016

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2016 in Review
O
ur GPS Next-Generation
Operational Control System,
or OCX program received the
majority of the press attention this
year. OCX has struggled to overcome
information assurance challenges,
as well as poor systems engineering
processes and planning from the
outset of the program. The cost and
schedule growth triggered a rigorous
review by the Office of the Secretary
of Defense.
The outcome, we believe, will be a
restructured, more executable program
that is implementing stronger systems
engineering practices and industry-
standard software development
processes. We still have a ways to go
to be successful, but realize we must
deliver the capability to command
our GPS satellites and will continue
to explore programmatic off-ramps
should the OCX program falter.
The past year also saw us bring
to a close the GPS IIF production
and deployment activities with the
successful launch of our 12th and final
GPS IIF satellite. Our GPS constellation
remains healthy, stable and robust
with 31 operational space vehicles: 12
GPS IIR, seven GPS IIR-M, and 12 GPS
IIF.
activities, and allows initiation of the
Mission Readiness Campaign for launch
upon Air Force direction.
As we march towards AFL, we are
tackling several technical challenges,
including a capacitor issue discovered
during our investigation of SV-03 flight
hardware tests. This capacitor is used in
many places throughout the navigation
We ushered in the GPS III era with
the completion of Space Vehicle-01
thermal vacuum testing late in 2015
in an unprecedented 72 days. We
have, however, uncovered several
technical issues challenging our
availability for launch. As we ready
SV-01, a tremendous effort is ongoing
to fully investigate and exonerate
these issues to ensure our satellites
deliver the capabilities youve come to
expect from the Gold Standard.
This year our partners in the Launch
Enterprise Directorate awarded a GPS
III launch services contract to the Space
Exploration Technology Corporation, or
SpaceX their first National Security
Space System launch.
Finally, our Military GPS User
Equipment (MGUE) program
delivered its first set of Military Code
compliant production prototypes
fo r d eve l o p m e n t a l t e s t i n g a n d
integration. Just as significant, the
MGUE program granted the first-ever
full security certification to contractor
L-3 Communications. These major
GPS modernization milestones are
successful initial steps, but the
progress in delivering the most
secure, anti-jam, anti-spoof GPS
receivers ever has taken longer than
expected, and a great deal of work lies
ahead.
This is by no means an exhaustive
list of the years accomplishments and
challenges, but it demonstrates that
we are continuing to modernize the
GPS system and maintain transparency
on our commitments.
payload. Our investigation uncovered
inadequate qualification processes by
a major subcontractor. Exercising due
diligence, the Air Force is now verifying
both the build quality of the entire
capacitor manufacturing process and
production lot via additional capacitor
qualification life testing. This activity
delayed our AFL until December 2016,
DECEMBER 2016
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DIRECTIONS
2017
approximately a four-month delay from
our previous forecast.
The program is also working to solve
several other technical challenges as we
progress to completion. SV-01 testing
uncovered electro-magnetic interference
between a payload component and a
hosted payload. Testing also uncovered
electron impact issues on the L-band
antenna elements. In partnership
with Lockheed Martin, the program
developed corrective action and design
mitigations for both of these issues and
is implementing these steps within our
production flow for all the SVs. Of
course, all these issues together have
led to increased cost and contributed to
delays in final delivery.
In the coming year, SV-02, the second
GPS III satellite, will also be progressing
towards completing production.
Currently, all of the SV-02 sub-assemblies
have been received by Lockheed Martin
and are being integrated into the
spacecraft. The next major step in the
production flow for SV-02 will be to mate
it with its propulsion core.
Recently, we completed negotiations
with Lockheed Martin to extend the
production line with purchases of
SV-09 and SV-10. These satellites will be
technically equivalent to SV-01 through
SV-08. This $395 million purchase of two
satellites marks a significant affordability
milestone for the procurement of GPS
III satellites.
Looking ahead, we are analyzing how
to acquire satellites beyond SV-10. We
are executing a phased strategy which
starts first with determining the viability
of a GPS III production design existing
beyond the current contractor. We
awarded an initial phase of contracts to
the Boeing Company, Lockheed Martin
Space Systems Company, and Northrop
Grumman Aerospace Systems in May
2016 to provide a feasibility assessment
of the readiness of their satellites designs.
In this phase, the contractors will
provide a GPS III production design,
See page 16. >>
WWW.GPSWORLD.COM G P S W O R L D 15
 DIRECTIONS
2017
<< Continued from page 15.
manufacturing plans and a navigation
payload brassboard test report, along
with manufacturing/production
processes and facilities maturity.
We are also collaborating closely
on an Air Force Research Laboratory
Space Vehicles Directorate activity, the
On-orbit Reprogrammable Digital
Waveform Generator program, as an
opportunity for the three contractors
to develop advanced GPS L-band
navigation signal processing capabilities
in a smaller, more efficient package.
This effort could potentially provide
future satellites enhanced security in
contested environments, more capable
signal generation, and additional GPS
waveforms to meet the growing needs of
both military and civilian users.
Looking further ahead, the second
phase is envisioned to be a full and open
competition with contract awards starting
in 2018. Contractors will be required to
deliver the first satellite in time to support
constellation sustainment commitments.
Control Segment
Our Control Segment consists of both
OCX and our existing Operational
Control Segment at Schriever Air Force
Base, Colorado. The OCX program
has struggled with many challenges
through the years, producing a cost and
schedule growth on OCX that exceeded
the prescribed thresholds in our case,
a 25 percent cost growth against the
approved Program Baseline.
I notified the Secretary of the Air Force
on June 14 of this development, and on
June 30 the Air Force declared a critical
Nunn-McCurdy breach on the OCX
program. The Nunn-McCurdy process
is a mechanism for Congress to maintain
oversight of DoD programs and requires
the Office of the Secretary of Defense to
conduct a review leading to a decision
to either certify as critical to National
Security or terminate the program.
The GPS Directorate and Raytheon,
the OCX prime contractor, worked
16 G P S W O R L D WWW.GPSWORLD.COM
closely with teams conducting this in- and enable the PNT mission, including the
depth, comprehensive review. The result international L1C signal and advanced
was determined on Oct. 12 that OCX M-code features and capabilities.
is essential to national security that no Because OCX Block 0 is not designed to
alternatives exist to meet requirements control the GPS III navigation payload, we
at less cost, remaining costs for the are modifying the existing OCS to control
restructured program are reasonable and GPS III satellites under Contingency
a higher priority than programs whose Operations, or COps. COps will allow
funding must be reduced to accommodate operation of the GPS III satellites launched
the growth, and management structure for prior to OCX Block 1 delivery in 2021,
the program is adequate. and provides the Air Force the ability to
With the review behind us, our fly GPS III satellites at a capability level
challenge is to move forward with a commensurate to a GPS IIF.
stronger, healthier, more focused Our COps program has made good
OCX program. To accomplish this, progress, completing its Preliminary
we are focused on several major Design Review last May and successfully
areas: stronger systems engineering passed Milestone B in September. COps
An in-depth, comprehensive review determined
that OCX is essential to national security, that no
alternatives exist to meet requirements at less cost,
and remaining costs for the restructured program
are reasonable and a higher priority than programs
whose funding must be reduced
to accommodate the growth.
practices, establishing a single common is on track to hold its Critical Design
hardware/environments baseline, Review in November, with delivery
greater software installation automation, planned for the spring of 2019. We
and implementing industry standard are exploring other potential OCS
software development processes. modifications to hedge against further
One of our first milestones next year delays in OCX.
will be the delivery and deployment of Our OCS sustainment team in
OCX Block 0 in the summer of 2017. Colorado Springs recently completed
Block 0 is the GPS III Launch and the largest system update in program
Checkout System and provides a subset history. This update is part of our focus
of the full OCX capabilities needed to to refresh and bolster the cyber posture
launch the GPS III satellites and perform of the GPS architecture, and modernize
early on-orbit spacecraft bus checkout. the GPS control segment mission servers
This delivery starts the drive for our and hosted commercial software. These
inaugural launch of GPS III SV-01 in upgrades will protect against infiltration
the spring of 2018. Raytheon completed of cyber threats and enable improved data
two Block 0 key milestones since March traffic logging for network situational
2016, and is now in formal qualification awareness to protect this global utility.
testing before it is deployed to operations
early next year. The next year will see User Equipment Segment
OCX development focused on Block 1. It Like our other segments, our User
provides the Initial Operating Capability Equipment segment had a very
to command and control all GPS satellites See page 18. >>
DECEMBER 2016
|
 DIRECTIONS
2017
Col. Whitney with the Green Monster, mascot of the U.S. Air Force
GPS Directorate.
Continued from page 16. >>
challenging but successful year. The MGUE program has worked
steadily with our entire industry team, L-3 Communications,
Raytheon, and Rockwell-Collins, to complete and test MGUE
Increment 1 production prototypes. These Final Test Articles,
or FTAs, started delivering this summer and are now capable
of acquiring and actively tracking live-sky M-code. With the
initial risk reduction testing phase complete, the Directorate will
now use the FTAs to perform MGUE developmental testing
and verification and hardware qualification testing.
The L-3 design was also the first on our program team to
achieve security certification this October, which marks the
very first security-certified M-code receiver card. This not only
validates the L-3 design and production, it also validates the
GPS security certification process, an enduring function for
the Directorate in working with industry. This certification also
leads the way for the product to be available to a wide variety
of users across the DoD.
While progress in MGUE has been significant, creating the
next-generation of secure, anti-jam, anti-spoof receivers has
been more time-consuming and costly than expected. The
drive to support warfighter needs for greater performance
drives a diverse set of requirements across the DoD. The
Air Force made a concerted effort to improve the resiliency
of the MGUE receivers, adding complexity to the program.
Combined, these challenges have led to extended delivery
schedules for the program.
In the coming years, the MGUE team will lead efforts to
integrate MGUE cards into four lead DoD platforms: the Air
Forces B-2 bomber, the Navys Arleigh Burke-class destroyer,
the Armys Distributed Defense Advanced GPS Receiver Device
for the Stryker armored fighting vehicle, and the Marine Corps
Joint Light Tactical Vehicle.
The four lead platforms provide pathfinder integrations and
operational testing for the entire DoD community as we move
into the modernized GPS era. The program office has already
been working closely with the B-2 Program Office and the
Joint Service System Management Office in fielding an M-code
18 G P S W O R L D WWW.GPSWORLD.COM DECEMBER 2016
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capable flight prototype Miniaturized Airborne GPS Receiver.
We have worked jointly on this first lead platform integration
effort to field the first ever MGUE receiver integration into a
higher order prototype unit. These efforts yielded tremendous
integration insights. Prototype lab testing demonstrated live-sky
tracking of C/A, Y and M-codes; testing of MGUE connected
with a new B-2 flight antenna; and culminating in the first
end-to-end demonstration of M-code capability.
In 2017, the GPS Directorate will set the acquisition strategy
and plan forward for the MGUE Increment 2 program,
addressing our long-term strategy for Application Specific
Integrated Circuits, as well as meeting the needs of future
platforms such as precision guided munitions, space receivers,
and a modernized GPS handheld.
The Space Enterprise Vision
Earlier this year, General John Hyten, former commander of Air
Force Space Command, announced the Space Enterprise Vision.
The SEV is the result of an AFSPC study that looked at ensuring
national security space capabilities in a contested environment,
with an emphasis on improved resiliency. In the PNT mission
area, there are many ways to provide greater resiliency in-line
with General Hytens SEV. One that we are leaning forward and
looking very hard at is multi-GNSS possibilities.
At the recent Institute of Navigation conference, many
presenters noted that for the consumer market, the multi-
GNSS era has already begun. Potential incorporation of non-
GPS signals into military user equipment is still under review,
but certainly offers the possibility of improving resilience to
jamming, spoofing, and operations in obstructed terrain.
The broader GPS community is developing approaches to
assess multi-GNSS integrity, and we are working with those
community members to evaluate the potential impacts to our
GPS architecture, especially the ground.
Another resiliency initiative we are participating in is a
DOT-led effort known as Advanced Receiver Autonomous
Integrity Monitoring backed by PNT experts from the labs and
academia. Once the technical aspects are well understood and
the policy decisions are made, the GPS Directorate will be well
positioned to take advantage of this opportunity.
Conclusion
2016 has been a very challenging and successful year. Looking
forward into 2017 and beyond, we have numerous challenges
across all segments of the Enterprise OCX, GPS III, and
MGUE to deliver a modernized architecture. The men and
women of the GPS Directorate and our Industry partners are
truly some of the hardest working people I have ever had the
opportunity to work with. It is their passion and dedication
that has allowed us to continue to deliver the Gold Standard.
It is my honor to serve with, and for, them.
 DIRECTIONS
2017

2017: The Year of Galileo

BY Paul Verhoef
Director of the Galileo Programme
and Navigation-related Activities,
European Space Agency

I
write at an especially exciting
moment for the Galileo satellite
navigation system, as two flagship
European programmes combine for
the very first time. Mid-November
will see the very first Galileo launch
using an Ariane 5 launcher from
Europes Spaceport in French Guiana,
in place of the Soyuz that has served
the constellation up until now. Four
instead of two Galileo satellites will
be launched at a time: The number
of satellites girding the globe will
rise at a single stroke from 14 to 18.
Meanwhile the European Union is
set to declare Galileo operational
for initial services at the end of this
year, bringing the system to the point
where it can finally start serving users.
When Galileo Meets Ariane
Novembers launch has been years
in the making, employing a specially
customized variant of Europes heavy-
lift workhorse rocket called the Ariane
5 ES (Evolution Storable) Galileo.
It has more powerful lower stages
and a reignitable upper stage, first
used in 2008 to supply the low-Earth
orbiting International Space Station.
This new launcher design, adapted
beginning in 2012 for Galileo, will
carry a lower mass payload four
fully-fuelled 738-kg Galileo satellites
plus their supporting dispenser
but must haul it to the much higher
altitude of medium-Earth orbit,
23,522 km. This precisely targeted
orbit actually lies 300 km above the
Galileo constellations final working
altitude, leaving Arianes upper stage
in a stable graveyard orbit, while
the quartet of satellites maneuver
themselves down to their final height.
Satellites. The satellites continue
unchanged from those preceding
them: Galileo full operational-
capability (FOC) satellites with
platforms from OHB in Germany
and navigation payloads from Surrey
Satellite Technology Ltd in the UK.
All fourteen FOC satellites follow
the first four in-orbit validation (IOV)
satellites launched in 2011 and 2012;
these four validated overall Galileo
system design with the first wholly
European navigation fix in March
2013.
Carrier. The four-satellite dispenser,
the interface between the satellites
and its launcher, is a wholly new
design by Airbus Defence and Space.
Its first role is to hold the satellites
safely in position during their orbital
flight and then to gently release them
in separate directions. Its structure
has been specially tuned to prevent
harmful oscillations being triggered
by the vibration and noise of launch.
Its design was validated using
complex finite -element-modeling
software, followed by practical testing
of the dispenser together with dummy
satellites.
Launcher. Arianes interstage
Vehicle Equipment Bay, hosting the
rockets avionic brain, underwent a
redesign to reduce mass. Engineers
also had to take into account this
Ariane ES versions flight time, much
longer than any of its predecessors,
more than four hours in all. This
involved a reworking of the launchers
electronics and thermal subsystems,
to ensure it maintains an optimal
operational environment throughout
a ballistic coast phase of more than
three hours, between two firings of
its EPS storable propellant upper
stage. Two further Ariane 5 SE Galileo
flights are planned to follow, one each
for the remaining orbital planes.
Ground Control. This launch will
mark the first time that ESA carries out
launch and early operations (LEOP)
for four satellites simultaneously.
Usually, simply shepherding a
spacecraft through the first critical
days in orbit is a demanding enough
task. A combined team from ESA and
Frances CNES space agency based in

20 G P S W O R L D WWW.GPSWORLD.COM DECEMBER 2016

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Toulouse will make contact, establish
control, and then see the four satellites
through their initial critical activities.
Within the combined team, each
position is paired with a counterpart
from the other agency to provide
three mixed shifts around the clock
for these first crucial days. This same
team has conducted all Galileo early
operations to date alternately from
Toulouse or ESAs ESOC control
center in Germany.
The work starts with an initial
check of on-board health and attitude,
Everyone with a Galileo-enabled receiver will
be able to benefit from improved positioning,
supplementing the already operational GPS
constellation.
progressing to ensure each satellites
pair of 1 x 5-meter solar wings are
deployed and tracking the Sun,
and then to point their antennas
back towards Earth. Next comes a
series of thruster firings to set the
satellites onto a drift course into
their final orbit, at which point they
can be handed over to the Galileo
Control Centre in Oberpfaffenhofen,
Germany, for routine operations, and
to ESAs Redu Centre in Belgium to
commence a few months of detailed
payload testing.
Galileo at Your Service
Around the same time as this key
launch, GSAT-210 and GSAT-211,
the two previous satellites launched in
May of this year, will have completed
their in-orbit testing, allowing them
to be formally certified as operational
members of the constellation. The
four new satellites should follow
them into operational status by mid-
2017. However, the Galileo system
will reach initial operational status
without these latest six satellites. The
European Commission on behalf
of the European Union expects to
declare the system operational and
ready to offer initial services before
the end of this year.
This will mark a major milestone
in the programme, awaited by many
citizens in Europe and around the
globe. Everyone with a Galileo-
enabled receiver will be able to
benefit from improved positioning,
supplementing the already operational
GPS constellation. ESA and the
European GNSS Agency (GSA)
have been working with European
manufacturers of mass-market satnav
chips and receivers to ensure that
their products are Galileo-ready,
offering detailed laboratory testing
to close the loop between Galileo
and industry.
Transition. In p ara l lel to t he
declaration of initial services, there
will also be an institutional change, as
the GSA takes up its role overseeing
the exploitation of Galileo. At the
start of 2017, the formal handover of
Galileo infrastructure will be initiated,
targeted to conclude by the middle of
the year. This mission includes not
only the Galileo satellites in space
but also the far-flung ground stations
located on every continent, essential
to the continued high-performance
operations of the Galileo system.
It also includes the two European
Galileo control centers, with the
signals overseen from Fucino in
Italy and the platforms monitored
from Oberpfaffenhofen, plus the
communication inf rastr ucture
connecting them all together.
In the history of ESA, a research
and development agency, this kind of
handover to an operational body is not
unprecedented; the agency handed
DIRECTIONS
2017
Europes Meteosat weather satellites
over to the newly created Eumetsat
or g a n i s at i on , a n d pi on e e r i n g
telecommunication satellites came
under the control of Eutelsat and
Inmarsat. However, the Galileo
ground segment will hold a special
place in ESA history as one of the
most complicated developments it has
ever undertaken, serving to maintain
the signals from the satellites to a
nanosecond-scale of performance.
ESA will maintain its role of
system design authority and system
procurement agent, continuing to
support system exploitation as it
prepares for the follow-on Galileo
Second Generation (G2G) design,
supported through the EUs Horizon
2020 programme. For example, the
current contract of Galileos ground
support operator will end next year,
so ESA is supporting the GSA in
initiating the contractual process to
select a replacement operator. This
contract covers all the interaction
b e t w e e n t h e g ro u n d s e g m e nt
elements which are vital to the system
as a whole. Maintaining continuity
of service with transition to the new
operator will certainly present a big
challenge to the entire team, but one
we are confident of meeting.
Upgrade. In parallel, 2017 will see
the upgrade of various elements of the
Galileo Ground Segment to reinforce
its robustness, including updated
releases to the Galileo Control
Segment overseeing the satellites
and the Galileo Mission Segment,
overseeing the navigation signals.
A new release of elements of the
Galileo Security Facility, for security
monitoring of the system, as well as
the secure Public Regulated Service,
will be deployed at the two Galileo
Security Monitoring Centres. The
Galileo Ground Segment will gain a
sixth tracking telemetry and control
facility, for monitoring the satellite
See Galileo, continued on page 27. >>

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New GLONASS Capabilities for Users

first time in GLONASS history. The relative daily stability of this
rubidium AFS is 410-14. As a result the SISRE for this satellite
is about 1 meter.
We are also proud of the success of the passive hydrogen
maser (PHM), which we have been building for almost 7
years (FIGURE 2). Multiyear ground tests displayed its excellent
reliability and one-day stability of 510-15. It is expected to
contribute to 0.3-meter SISRE. The PHM for flight tests
BY Sergey Karutin, GLONASS designer general;
measures 360180630 millimeters and weighs 25 kilos. Its
Nicolay Testoedov, director general, SC Information
power consumption is 54 watts. The PHM will be validated
Satellite Systems; and Andrey Tulin, director general,
onboard the GLONASS-K2 satellite set for launch in 2018.
SC Russian Space Systems
User Needs. On the threshold of the first GLONASS-K2

I
n October 2017 we will celebrate the 35th anniversary of the launch, new GLONASS reference documents were published
first GLONASS satellite launch. Since 1982, the capabilities in October 2016, describing the family of code-division
provided by GLONASS satellites have multiplied and the multiple-access (CDMA) radionavigation signals. The draft
systems ground infrastructure has expanded beyond the GLONASS Open Service Performance Standard has been
Russian Federation. Growing demand for satellite navigation See GLONASS, continued on page 25. >>
services and increasing user requirements call for continuing
modernization, which is only possible if advanced, technically
complex solutions are employed, thorough efforts on design
and in-orbit validation are made, and continuing dialogue with
users is maintained to promptly react to their needs.
The stable operation of the third generation GLONASS-M
satellites, the core of the todays constellation, means more
satellites are working beyond their design lifetime. In 2016,
two single-satellite launches occurred, in February and May.
Seven more satellites of this type remain in ground storage. The
reliability of on-orbit satellites forces us to develop new ground
storage technologies since some satellites were manufactured
more than three years ago, while the need for their launch Figure 1 Estimation of the Allan Variation versus GLONASS System
Timescale
may not arise until 2018. Therefore in the next two years the
constellation will be sustained with this type of satellite.
The performance of the on-board atomic frequency standards
(AFS) carried by the latest GLONASS-M satellites is considerably
better than that of those carried by the first GLONASS-M
satellites (see FIGURE 1). Their relative one-day stability has improved
from 10-13 to 2 4 10-14,
contributing to smaller signal-
in-space range errors (SISREs).
In February 2016, flight
testing of the fourth generation
GLONASS-K satellite was
completed. It carries not only
a cesium atomic-beam tube
but a rubidium AFS for the

Figure 2 Passive hydrogen maser and respective PHM Allan Variation plot.

22 G P S W O R L D WWW.GPSWORLD.COM DECEMBER 2016

|
 record replay simulate

The most powerful LabSat yet, the new

LabSat 3 WIDEBAND captures and replays
more GNSS signals at a much higher resolution
than before.

Small, battery powered and with a removable solid state disk,

LabSat 3 WIDEBAND allows you to quickly gather detailed,
real world satellite data and replay these signals on your bench.

With three channels, a bandwidth of up to 56MHz and 6 bit

sampling, LabSat 3 WIDEBAND can handle almost any
combination of constellation and signal that exists today, with
plenty of spare capacity for future planned signals.

LabSat 3 WIDEBAND can record and replay the following

signals:

GPS: L1 / L2 / L5
GLONASS: L1 / L2 / L3
BeiDou: B1 / B2 / B3
QZSS: L1 / L2 / L5
Galileo: E1 / E1a / E5a / E5b / E6
SBAS: WAAS, EGNOS , GAGAN, MSAS, SDCM
IRNSS www.labsat.co.uk
 DIRECTIONS
2017
BeiDous Road to Global Service
BY Li Wang, Director of the
International Cooperation Center,
China Satellite Navigation Office
A
n effective approach has
been taken by the BeiDou
Navigation Satellite System
(BDS), and significant progress has been
witnessed in 2016, from the aspects of
launching new satellites, verifying new
technologies, promoting applications
and industrialization, strengthening
international cooperation, and
formulating fundamental policies.
Construction Update. In March 2016,
a BDS satellite was launched into an
inclined geo-synchronous orbit (IGSO);
another geosynchronous orbit (GEO)
satellite was launched in June. These
became the 22nd and 23rd BDS
satellites overall and further enhanced
service capability. The BDS has been
maintaining stable operation, and the
performance of BDS Open Services
has steadily improved. The availability
and continuity surpass 99.9%, which
can satisfy the nominal requirements
of 95% and 99.5%.
The deployment of a BDS global
constellation has progressed steadily.
Five new-generation BDS satellites
have been successfully launched so far,
to verify advanced signal structure,
crosslink, on-board clocks with higher
accuracy, and other new technologies.
Test results showed that the inter-
system technical status is coordinated,
the accuracy of orbit prediction was
increased by 50%, and accuracy of time
maintenance was upgraded by about
60% due to crosslink.
Meanwhile, the construction
of augmentation systems is being
accelerated. A nationwide reference
station network has been built, and the
construction of the basic system has
been completed. System performance
is under test, including meter and
24 G P S W O R L D WWW.GPSWORLD.COM
decimeter level for wide-area real-time
services, centimeter level for areas
within Beijing, and millimeter level for
post-processing services.
As for satellite-based augmentation
system (SBAS), BDS is actively
participating in the design and
international coordination activities
for the next generation dual-frequency
multiple-constellation (DFMC)
SBAS standards. The 30th SBAS
Interoperability Working Group (IWG)
meeting was successfully held in China.
The document Development of BDS
and Applications of Multi-Frequency
Multi-Constellation Navigation
Satellite Systems was submitted by
the Civil Aviation Administration
of China (CAAC) during the 39th
meeting of International Civil Aviation
Organization. This represents Chinese
civil aviation authoritys official
support of construction of BDSBAS.
Development of applications of multi-
frequency multi-constellation has been
proposed to the international civil
aviation community.
BDS Applications. Wit h t h e
enhancement of BDS service capability,
its applications are also making
remarkable progress, already producing
a BDS industrial chain which comprises
the basic products, application
terminals, application systems and
operational services.
DECEMBER 2016
|
BDS -b as e d chip s have b e en
upgraded in quality and quantity. Great
efforts are being made to carry out
demonstrations of BDS industrial and
regional applications. Mass market
applications are flourishing. Chinese
industrial production in the field of
satellite navigation reached 190 billion
renminbi yuan (US$28 billion) in 2015,
of which BDS would contribute about
30%. So far, BDS-related products have
already been exported to more than 70
countries, and applications and services
are available in over 30 countries along
the Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st-
Century Maritime Silk Road (the Belt
and Road) region.
International Cooperation Activities. BDS
continuously carries out bilateral and
multilateral exchanges and cooperation,
in line with the principle that BDS is
developed by China, and dedicated to
the world.
To provide better services for global
users, BDS carries out exchanges
and coordination with the other
navigation satellite systems in terms
of compatibility and interoperability,
monitoring and assessment, frequency
resource, augmentation systems and
other areas. It also strives to implement
applications cooperation with countries
in the Asia-Pacific region, members in
the Association of South-East Asian
Nations (ASEAN) and the League
of Arab States (LAS), to bring more
benefits to a wider range. On multilateral
p l at f o r m s , B D S c o nt i nu o u s l y
contributes to efforts and meetings of
the International Committee on Global
Navigation Satellite Systems (ICG) and
the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of
Outer Space (COPUOS). In addition to
these international academic activities,
China has also been organizing the
China Satellite Navigation Conference
for seven sessions.

Fundamental Policies. A whitepaper on BDS released in June
2016 interprets its development concepts and propositions,
and is available on the official BDS website, www.beidou.gov.
cn. The major content includes: to provide open services for
global users free of charge; to continuously improve service
performance and enhance the service quality; to promote
compatible applications with other navigation satellite systems
and to improve users benefits; to disseminate BDS information
in a timely manner; to protect the radionavigation satellite
frequency spectrum according to law and to firmly reject
harmful interference; to enhance BDS applications, industrial
development and international application; to actively carry
out international cooperation and exchanges, to participate
in multilateral activities in the field of international satellite
navigation and to promote the ratification of the BDS by
international standards.
The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System Signal In Space
Interface Control Document (Version 2.1) was published in
November. As for the standardization process, the BeiDou
Satellite Navigation Standard System (Version 1.0) has been
released, and BDS has been included in the Receiver Independent
Exchange Format (RINEX, Version 3.03), approved by the Radio
Technical Commission for Maritime Services Special Committee
104 on GNSS Service, RTCM SC-104.
Follow-up Deployment Plans. In 2017, three to four launches
of BeiDou satellites will occur. BDS will provide basic services
to the countries along the Belt and Road region by 2018, and
possess global service capability by 2020.
BDS will keep improving its nationwide reference station
network and steadily enhance its service performance. The
dense reference stations for the nationwide frame network will
be constructed by 2018, providing meter and decimeter level
real-time location services for users in China, even centimeter
level service in some areas.
BDS will carry out the design, validation and construction
of SBAS in accordance with international civil aviation
standards. The first GEO satellite of BDSBAS will be launched
in around 2018. The satellite-based augmentation services
covering China and surrounding regions will be provided
from 2020, to provide CAT-I services to civil aviation users.
China will promote construction of a national comprehensive
positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) system based on
BDS, and strive to establish such a national PNT system with a
united benchmark, no-gap coverage, security and effectiveness
by 2030, as well as to upgrade capabilities to provide time and
space information.
Summary. BDS will boost the deployment of a global
constellation, continuously enhance performance, fulfill its
service commitments, make all efforts to advance satellite
navigation applications, promote the development of GNSS,
and better serve the world and benefit mankind.
DECEMBER 2016
DIRECTIONS
2017
GLONASS
Continued from page 22. >>
developed. The GLONASS User Information Support System
continues to evolve.
The system transmitting CDMA navigation signals is referred
to in four interrelated interface control documents containing
general information on signals and the detailed description of
signal structures and digital message data. The new signals make
it possible to include 63 satellites in the constellation, not only in
circular medium-Earth orbit but also on geostationary and high-
Earth orbits. The transition to the flexible string-type structure
of the message data produces 2-second periodicity of integrity
information delivery to users. The increased number of digits
occupied by the ephemeris and clock parameters contributes
to a better orbit and clock broadcast accuracy. The ephemeris
broadcast precision improves from 0.4 to 0.001 meters. Time-
stamp length in CDMA signal has increased to 30 bits, compared
to 12 bits of frequency-division multiple-access signals.
The GLONASS Open Service Performance Standard, being
drafted according to recommendations of the International
Committee on Global Satellite Navigation Systems (ICG),
is harmonized with the Performance Standard Template
elaborated by the Working Group on Systems, Signals and
Services of ICG with the active involvement of the Russian
Federation. As a result, it is also harmonized with the GPS,
Galileo and BeiDou performance documents in addition
to international parameters like the horizontal and vertical
availability, user positioning error (average and worst over
Earths surface) and UTC broadcast error. The Draft Standard
also includes:
PDOP availability (PDOP availability for the worst point on
the Earths Surface, global average);
User Equivalent Range Error for the worst point of a satellite
visibility cone (95%);
UTC(SU)-GLONASS Time offset broadcast error (global
average 95%);
21 healthy satellites availability;
Per-slot availability;
24 healthy satellites availability;
Continuity (probability that a healthy satellite becomes
unhealthy without notification 48 hours in advance);
Major failure probability (SIS URE of >75 meters).
GLONASS User Information Support infrastructure
development is a complex program that covers establishing
User Information Centers to raise awareness of all categories of
users of the capabilities GLONASS provides and its guaranteed
performance through www.glonass-iac.ru in Russian, English
and Chinese languages. The network of GLONASS-based
navigation and information service providers is being developed.
Services include satellite navigation activities, from emergency
response to control of autonomous unmanned vehicles.
WWW.GPSWORLD.COM G P S W O R L D 25
|
ADJACENT-BAND INTERFERENCE
Meeting Assesses Ligado PNT Threats
T
he U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT)
hosted its fifth workshop on the GPS Adjacent-
Band Compatibility Assessment effort on
Oct. 14. This lengthy, occasionally acrimonious,
process started in 2010 with the statement,
Demand for commercial spectrum to support broadband
wireless communications has led the government to consider
repurposing various radio frequencies, including the satellite
communications bands next to GPS.
The workshop discussed results from testing of receivers
including aviation (non-certified), cellular, general location/
navigation, high precision and networks, timing, and space-
based receivers. Also discussed were use-case scenarios for
these categories which is where the going got heavy and
differences of opinion emerged. See presentations at gps.gov/
spectrum/ABC/. Scroll down to October 2016 Workshop.
The furor stems from a renewed effort by Ligado, formerly
LightSquared and emergent from a 2-year bankruptcy, to
convert relatively inexpensive satellite-to-earth spectrum
into very valuable terrestrial spectrum. The company stands
to gain billions of dollars and secured rights from the process.
The DoT team presented results from the GPS Adjacent-
Band Compatibility (ABC) Assessment, an effort to
determine the power limits by frequency, or interference
tolerance masks (ITM), needed to protect existing and future
GPS receivers. Results indicated a need to limit interfering
26 G P S W O R L D WWW.GPSWORLD.COM DECEMBER 2016
|
signals at different levels depending on type of receiver used.
Eighty receivers in six categories were tested. Certified and
military receivers are undergoing separate tests.
The tests of current receivers took place April 2529
at White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico, using a 100
x 70 x 40-foot anechoic chamber. The signals in the test
included GPS L1 C/A-code, L1 P-code, L1C, L1 M-code, L2
P-code, SBAS L1, GLONASS L1 C and L1 P, BeiDou B1I and
Galileo E1 B/C. Tests were conducted within 100 megahertz
on either side of the GPS L1 center frequency of 1575.42
using a 10-megahertz LTE signal and a narrow bandwidth
1-megahertz bandpass white noise signal.
The tests determined the power levels at which each device
experienced a one-decibel degradation in the carrier-to-
noise density ratio (CNR) at a particular frequency. The DoT
team graphed results for each device. The recommended
power limits were the lowest in frequencies closest to the
GPS bands.
The receivers most affected by the test transmissions were
identified as high-precision receivers. They experienced
interference at power levels as low as 90 to 95dBm at
around 1550 MHz and 90 dBm at roughly 1610 MHz.
The strictest limit for both the general aviation, general
navigation/location, and timing receivers was a little below
80 dBm at about 1550 MHz, while space-based receivers
were equally sensitive on both sides of the RNSS band with
the toughest limit being about 85 dBm.
FAA. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has
authority to set power and out-of-band emissions limits to
meet aviation safety standards, and it had been thought that
these limits might address interference with other types of
receivers as well. But the test results showed that protecting
the FAA-certified mask does not necessarily protect the rest
of the receiver categories.
Use Cases. Ligado has proposed that position error as
experienced by the user is a better guide to interference
levels than degradation in carrier-to-noise density ratio. The
GPS community generally opposes this approach. The next
step is the development of use cases to define the regions of
operations for a receiver, and then identify applications that
that are vital to economic, public safety, scientific, and/or
national security needs and any other factors supporting
why this particular receiver model is important to be tested
(e.g., quantity in use, economic impact, etc.).

GALILEO
Continued from page 21. >>
platforms in Papeete, Tahiti, and additional processing
chains for increased redundancy will be deployed across
the Uplink Stations in Kourou, Reunion and Noumea used
to update the navigation message information. Similar
redundant chains will be finalized for all 15 current Galileo
Sensor Stations, which perform continuous collection
of Galileo signals to identify the tiniest clock error or
satellite drift.
New Satellites. The production of the satellites themselves
continues to maintain a steady rhythm, with a production
line stretching from suppliers across Europe to OHB
and SSTL and then to ESAs ESTEC Test Centre in the
Netherlands for acceptance testing, based on a wide
range of simulated space tests. The acceptance of the
next satellites to launch is scheduled for this years end.
Along with the two more Ariane 5 launches to come
one in the second half of 2017 and another in 2018 the
current plan is to commission further launch services as
well as additional satellites in order to have Galileo fully
operational by 2020. For these launches, Galileo may be
DIRECTIONS
2017
the first customer of the new Ariane-6 launch vehicle.
EGNOS. Along with the progress of Galileo, contracts are
planned to cater for the further development of the ESA-
designed European Geostationary Navigation Overlay
Service, Europes first navigation system. EGNOS was
certified for safety-of-life aviation use in 2011, and is
managed by the European Commission through a contract
with operator the European Satellite Services Provider,
based in France. ESA will support the technical evolution
of EGNOS version 3, intended as multi-constellation in
nature, again through the Horizon 2020 framework.
Finally, ESA is also addressing the challenges of satellite
navigation beyond Galileo through the creation of the
Navigation Innovation and Support Programme (NAVISP),
which will be proposed to Europes space ministers for
approval in December. Applying ESAs expertise from
Galileo and EGNOS, the optional NAVISP will undertake
research work in support of ESA Member States national
objectives and industrial competitiveness in the upstream
and downstream navigation sector, including the fusion of
satellite navigation with various disruptive technologies
and complementary positioning techniques.
 LAUNCHPAD | OEM
4 5
1. ENTRY-LEVEL TESTING
MODULAR APPROACH FOR DEVELOPERS
The GSS7000 series of multi-frequency,
multi-GNSS RF constellation simulators
provides an entry to multi-frequency
testing, with a modular approach that
expands with users needs. The GSS7000
system is for receiver, system and
application developers who want to take
advantage of new satellite navigation
systems and the better accuracy offered by
civilian, multi-frequency GNSS. It provides
faithful emulation of all civil GNSS systems
and regional augmentation systems,
and allows devices to be tested under a
multitude of operating environments and
error conditions.
Spirent Communications,
www.spirent.com
2. ALL-SIGNALS BOARD
MACHINE CONTROL, MARINE SURVEY
The Eclipse P328 is a multi-frequency,
multi-GNSS all-signals receiver board that
includes Hemispheres newest hardware
platform and integrates Atlas GNSS
Global Corrections. It is designed for
land or marine survey, machine control,
and any application where high-accuracy
positioning is required. With the new
hardware platform, the overall cost, size,
weight and power consumption of the
P328 are reduced. It offers true scalability
with centimeter-level accuracy in either
single-frequency mode or full performance
28 G P S W O R L D WWW.GPSWORLD.COM
|
2 3
multi-frequency, multi-GNSS, Atlas-
capable mode that supports fast real-time
kinematic (RTK) initialization times over
long distances. The P328 uses the Athena
GNSS engine, as well as Hemispheres new
aRTK technology powered by Atlas. This
feature allows the P328 to operate with
RTK accuracies when RTK corrections fail.
Hemisphere GNSS, hemispheregnss.com
3. UPGRADEABLE BOARD
INCREASED ACCURACY SERVICES
AVAILABLE THROUGH SOFTWARE
The Onyx multi-frequency GNSS OEM
board offers integrated StarFire/real-time
kinematic (RTK) GNSS capabilities. Onyx
features 255-channel tracking, including
multi-constellation support for GPS,
GLONASS, BeiDou and Galileo. It also
provides high performance in GNSS
receiver sensitivity and signal tracking as
well as patented multi-path mitigation,
interference rejection and anti-jamming
capabilities. Through software, it can be
upgraded from free DGPS signal sources
such as WAAS to increased accuracy
services with integrated StarFire with
Rapid Recovery or RTK with RTK Extend.
NavCom Technology,
www.navcomtech.com
4. GPS/GNSS SIMULATOR
THE SIZE OF A DECK OF CARDS
The CLAW is a self-contained, ruggedized,
miniature, real-time hardware GPS
DECEMBER 2016
simulator. It targets applications that
require small, low-power and low-cost
GNSS synthesis with repeatable and
highly accurate GNSS RF signals such
as production testing of GNSS receivers,
simulating GNSS anomalies such as leap-
second events, 1023 GPS Week rollovers,
operation in inaccessible locations,
real-time transcoding of different GNSS
systems, and testing using dynamically
user-configured RF signal levels. The
CLAW contains real-time processing
hardware to simulate GPS constellations
without the need to connect any external
equipment other than a USB power source
or power supply.
Jackson Labs Technologies,
www.jackson-labs.com
5. DEFENSE ATOMIC CLOCK
FOR CRITICAL APPLICATIONS
IN DYNAMIC ENVIRONMENTS
The Force 2020 is a rugged, anti-vibration,
GPS/GNSS-lockable, ultra-low-noise
Rubidium atomic clock for highly
dynamic defense platform applications.
It is designed for next-generation defense
airborne radars, drones, helicopters,
and secure shipboard and radio
communications systems. These systems
use high K-band frequencies that require
ultra-low-noise performance, which can
only be minimally degraded in tactical
missions when exposed to dynamic
vibration and high-g environments.
Spectratime, www.spectratime.com
 SURVEY & MAPPING | LAUNCHPAD

1 2 3

1. RUGGED HANDHELD
READY FOR TOUGH FIELD JOBS
The SXPad 800H is a rugged handheld
GPS data collector designed for mobile
geographic information system (GIS)
users in applications such as water,
electric and gas utilities; transportation;
mining; agriculture; and forestry. The
high-performance 800-MHz device is
designed to give users the power needed
to work with maps and large data sets in
the field. It is created for rugged outdoor
use, with a waterproof seal (IP65) and
ability to survive a five-foot (1.5-meter)
drop to concrete. Its 3.7-inch VGA
color touchscreen is sharp and sunlight
readable. Features include a battery life of
12 hours on a charge, slots for MicroSD
and SIM cards, and the Windows Mobile
6.5 operating system.
Geneq, www.geneq.com
3. WEARABLE RECEIVER
TAKES HIGH ACCURACY
INTO DIFFICULT TERRAIN
Designed for geospatial field data
collection and inspection applications
that require high-accuracy positioning,
the Asteri X-Series of receivers are
light enough to be mounted to external
sensors or worn on the body or arm.
The compact receivers were designed
for safety and ease of use. Each device
weighs 11.3 ounces with a 12-hour
lithium battery. Their 2.8-inch by 5.4-
inch size allows them to fit safely in
shoulder or arm pouches. The three
products in the X-Series provide varying
levels of accuracy: X-1 provides sub-
meter accuracy out of the box; X-2 offers
accuracy of 1 meter down to 1 cm with
RTK/VRS; X-3 will achieve 1 cm with
RTK/VRS, 30 cm with Atlas H30, 410
cm with Atlas H10. The integrated design
allows users to work in difficult terrain
without worrying about equipment and
antennas getting snagged or broken.
Asteri Navigation,
asterinav.com

2. DRONE/SOFTWARE
PARTNERSHIP FOR SITE SURVEYS

The DJI-Datumate Site Survey Solution is

a comprehensive and professional package
of imagery and mapping tools that help
surveying, construction, inspection and

NCS TITAN
infrastructure companies generate a
working model, visualize a site, and create
analytics and plans. The drone, software
and app package automates and expedites
site surveys, infrastructure mapping
and inspection. Bundles include a DJI
GNSS Simulator
Drone, a DatuFly tablet app for automated
aerial photography, and DatuGram 3D
photogrammetry software that converts
aerial and ground images to high-
precision, geo-referenced 2D maps and
3D models. DatuFly software generates a
flight and image-taking plan for the drone
based on the best-practice requirements of
DatuGram 3D photogrammetry, ensuring
survey-grade accuracy.
DJI, www.dji.com; Datumate, For additional information, contact us.
datumate.com In co-operation with

DECEMBER 2016 WWW.GPSWORLD.COM G P S W O R L D 29

|
 LAUNCHPAD | TRANSPORTATION
1. AUTONOMOUS NAVIGATION
MODULE
PERFORMS DEAD-RECKONING
FOR IN-VEHICLE SYSTEMS
The SL869-3DR is a GNSS module for global
use that leverages information from internal
gyros, accelerometers and a barometric
pressure sensor to perform dead-reckoning
1 navigation for application areas such as
track and trace and in-vehicle systems. The
module delivers accurate position data
either directly from its multi-constellation
receiver or from a fully autonomous dead-
reckoning system, requiring no connections
to external devices or components
other than an antenna for satellite signal
reception and power. The module allows
integrators to design zero-installation, in-
vehicle navigation and tracking devices for
fleets and other commercial or consumer
applications that operate perched on the
dashboard, connected only to vehicle power.
The SL869-3DR is designed to support GPS,
2 QZSS, GLONASS, Beidou and is Galileo
ready.
Telit, www.telit.com
30 G P S W O R L D WWW.GPSWORLD.COM DECEMBER 2016
|
2. IMU FOR AVIATION
SOON TO BE IN BOEING 777X
The SDI300 aviation-grade inertial
measurement unit (IMU) delivers reliable
high performance and stability over full
temperature and vibration environments.
The compact, low-power, high-quality
SDI300 IMU enables efficient and smooth
aircraft maneuvers through the most
complex flight scenarios and challenging
environments, while improving total system
cost-effectiveness, reduced obsolescence
and increased sustainability. In November,
Rockwell Collins awarded a contract to
Systron Donner Inertial for the SDI300, to
be used in the new Boeing 777X Integrated
Flight Control Electronics fly-by-wire
system.
Systron Donner Inertial, www.systron.com
Performance in real-time

1 2
1. DEPTH FINDER
OPTIMIZED FOR UAVS
The Bathymetric Depth Finder is
fully integrated to Riegls Bathycopter,
enabling the generation of profiles of
inland water bodies. The BDF-1 is a
compact and lightweight bathymetric
depth finder optimized for UAV-borne
operation. The topo-bathymetric depth
finder comprises tilt compensation, an
IMU/GNSS unit with antenna, a control
unit and a data storage unit. It can be
equipped with two external digital
cameras. Riegls new hydrographic full
waveform processing delivers highly
UAV | LAUNCHPAD
accurate, reliable and informative data;
pre-detection averaging allows essential
performance in adverse conditions.
Riegl, www.riegl.com
2. PROFESSIONAL DRONE
WITHSTANDS MAGNETIC
INTERFERENCE
The updated Matrice 600 Pro offers
improved flight performance, a more
powerful battery charging system and
better loading capacity for industrial
equipment, cinema cameras and
other professional aerial applications.
The A3 Pro flight controller comes
DECEMBER 2016
|
with triple modular redundancy and
diagnostic algorithms that compare
sensor data from three sets of GNSS
units, enhancing precision control while
improving overall safety. Vibration
damping balls have been added to the
flight controllers redundant inertial
measurement unit module and main
controller, absorbing more shake and
reducing more noise. Compatibility
with D-RTK GNSS makes the A3 Pro
withstand magnetic interference and
provides centimeter-level accuracy
suitable for industrial applications.
DJI, dji.com
WWW.GPSWORLD.COM G P S W O R L D 31
 LEADERSHIP EVENT & AWARDS CEREMONY 2016
LEADERSHIPAWARDS

THE LEADERSHIP AWARDS

were presented during a special ceremony and dinner at ION-GNSS+ 2016 in Portland in September.
The awards recognize significant recent achievement in the fields of position, navigation and timing:
Satellites, Signals, Services and Products.
The Leadership Dinner was sponsored by Harris, Rockwell Collins and Honeywell.

THANK YOU TO OUR SPONSORS

W
elcome to the 2016 GPS World Leadership dinner, sponsored
by Harris, Rockwell Collins and Honeywell.
Were at an historic turning point for this dinner, and
Id like to acknowledge three people who are responsible
for all of us being here.
Were honored to have Brad Parkinson and his wife
Ginny join us tonight. Brad led the team that made GPS happen in the first place.
Phil Ward is here. He developed the first GPS receiver for the commercial market
in 1982.
Thats the Space Segment, the User Segment, and with Lt. Col. Andrew Zinn of
the GPS Directorate, we have the Control Segment as well.
Further, we have guests tonight from the U.S. State Department, representing GPS
and GNSS interests at the highest levels of the U.S. government. We have officials
from the European Space Agency, the European Commission, from BeiDou, and
had it not been for airline scheduling we would have had GLONASS as well.
The global industry is well represented here, by our sponsors:

32 G P S W O R L D WWW.GPSWORLD.COM DECEMBER 2016

|
 Harris, with over 750 years
of c umulative on-orbit GPS
operations, and building
tomorrows GPS III satellite
constellation today;
Rockwell Collins, making
generations of devices providing
pinpoint accurac y for ever y
airborne and surface mission
worldwide;
Honeywell, embedding GPS and
inertial navigation for challenging
military requirements, along with
civil interoperability capabilities.
Also, we are joined and by other
veteran GNSS such as Lockheed
M a r t i n , Na v C o m , No v At e l ,
Septentrio, Racelogic and IfEN,
by experienced developers like
u-blox and Spectracom and many
others, and by newer companies
entering the market in recent years
like ComNav, CHC, Geneq, Skydel,
IP-Solutions and Unicore.
We go beyond GNSS as well this
S E R V I C E S , S P E C I A L AWA R D
he Institute of Navigation
For bringing us all together, presenting the latest research and fostering open dialogue toward
our common goal: ever-improving standards in position, navigation and timing for 30 years!
A GNSS-Plus
Community Forum
T
he Institute of Navigation
is honored to be
receiving the Special
S er v i ces aw ard. As
I t houg ht ab out t he
relationship between the navigation
community sitting here tonight and
the Institute of Navigation, I found
myself wondering whether it was the
ION that created this community,
or the community that created the
ION? The reality is that both are
year, and this also reflects market
expansion. Last year at about this
time GPS World, led by North Coast
Media president Kevin Stoltman,
w a s c o mp l e t i n g a c o n s c i o u s
repositioning from a GNSS focus
to thoroughly covering all aspects
and technologies of positioning,
navigation and timing PNT.
Youve s e e n c ove r stor i e s on
inertial, Wi-Fi and other positioning
technologies. That wider mission
is reflected by the presence here
tonight of companies like Systron
Donner, Sensonor and Locata.
We go beyond PNT, too. Or
rather, new companies are coming
into PNT. In the room tonight are
Intel, Apple and Google maybe
right at your table. This industry is
changing, and its getting exciting.
Its always been exciting. Each
year it gets more so in new, different
ways.
The p ers on resp onsible for
true. The ION has certainly played
a big role in developing a forum
for this community to interact, but
without this community, the ION
would cease to exist!
As m o s t of you k n ow, t h i s
years ION/GNSS conference is
celebrating its 30th anniversary.
It is my desire that, 30 years from
now, we (actually, the people who
have followed up after us after
weve retired!) will continue to
be meeting together and enjoying
a similarly wonderful dinner to
the one that weve experienced
tonight!
DECEMBER 2016
|
getting all these companies into
the pages of the magazine, and
into attendance here tonight
ladies and gentlemen, Id like to
acknowledge my close colleague,
Michelle Mitchell, international
account manager for the magazine,
website, newsletters, webinars and
more.
Our gathering this evening
comprises two parts:
The Leadership Awards ceremony
recognizing significant recent
accomplishment in the fields of
Satellites, Signals, Services and
Products.
After the awards, over dessert
and coffee we will experience
Murder, Myster y and Mayhem
at the GNSS Mansion, a group
exercise in high-tech deduction.
Murder suspects are now seated
among you. Enjoy!
Alan Cameron, editor and
publisher of GPS World.
JOHN RAQUET, executive vice-president,
Institute of Navigation
WWW.GPSWORLD.COM G P S W O R L D 33
 LEADERSHIPAWARDS
A GNSS DREAM REALIZED
D
istinguished guests,
dear colleagues and
friends of the GNSS
community,
On behalf of
D i d i e r Fa i v re , I
would like to thank GPS World and
the GNSS Community.
Didier asked me to present his
apologies for not being able to attend
this prestigious event, he recently
joined the French space agency to
become the director of the Guyanese
Space Centre and is today in Kourou
the European Spaceport where a
launch is planned today in the coming
hours.
S AT E L L I T E S The European Space Agency and
Didier Faivre, more generally the European GNSS
Community are very proud and
former director of honored to receive this award, which
navigation, Euroean is a mark of recognition of the quality
of our European programs.
Space Agency This award goes first of all to
He led the Galileo Program Europe as a whole for having had the
under not-always- dream to become one of the providers
easy conditions, as the of a GNSS service open to the world. It
constellation grew and the was not so evident to have this dream.
first results of importance So many wise advisors told us that this
to the user community was not necessary because others do
became visible, such as the it; this is not reasonable because it is so
first Galileo-based PVT. expensive; this is not feasible with the
MARCO FALCONE (center) accepting the Satellites Award for Didier Faivre, with ESA
colleagues (from left) Gustavo Lopez Risueno, Jose Angel Avila Rodriguez, Miguel Manteiga
Bautista and Laurent Goegebeur.
34 G P S W O R L D WWW.GPSWORLD.COM DECEMBER 2016
|
complex European public system; and
it is too late. And it was not so easy to
make it a reality. This dream is now a
reality thanks to the perseverance of
the political leaders and institutions in
Europe, the efforts and support of the
European citizens and the technical
skills of European industry, institutes
and agencies after almost 15 years of
work. The award today marks this
achievement.
After the opening of the full service
of EGNOS and the soon to be open
Galileo services, Europe is now a full
member of the prestigious club of
GNSS providers and is determined
to maintain its role and improve
permanently the quality and the
performance of its EGNOS and
Galileo systems and services.
Initial steps are already taken to
ensure the replenishment of the
constellation after 2020 and to deploy
a multi-frequency, multi-constellation
new generation of EGNOS.
With Europe and other new
entrants providing high quality
GNSS services, new perspectives of
multilateral cooperation at the global
level are emerging, in particular in
the field of civil aviation where the
cooperation of various SBAS system
may offer a worldwide service. I am
certain that Europe is ready and eager
to contribute to this effort.
Again, I would like to thank you for
recognizing the efforts of our teams
at ESA and in industry. This award
gives us even more energy and focus
to continuously support the European
GNSS programme and prepare for
the future of EGNOS and Galileo.
Marco Falcone, Galileo system
manager ESA, on behalf of Didier Faivre.
Leadership Through Challenges
R
ockwell Collins is honored
to present the 2016 Satellite
award this evening.
Over 10 years ago Europe
launched its first navigation satellite.
A decade later, Galileo is close to
being operational.
As it stands today (September
2016), four more Galileo satellites are
in French Guiana awaiting a shared
launch in November. The 14 Galileo
satellites already in orbit have been
launched two at a time. Having 18
satellites in orbit could enable initial
Galileo operational services to begin.
One can only imagine the
challenges the program successfully
overcame during this time. You name
Photo: iStockphoto
it: technical, programmatic, funding,
political, on and on.
And through these challenges
someone had to lead.
With that, Rockwell Collins
AL SIMON, business development, navigation
is pleased to present the Satellites products
Leadership Award to Didier Faivre,
former Director of Navigation,
European Space Agency.
This year Didier was appointed
as a director reporting to the CNES
(Frances National Centre for Space
Studies) President. Specifically, Falcone of ESA will accept the Award
Didier will assume responsibility on his behalf. Ironically, Marco was
for the Guiana Space Center in the winner of the 2015 Leadership
October the very place he began Award for Satellites, although he in
his career in 1983. turn was unable to attend that dinner
In Didiers absence, Marco and accept in person.
by
Register
017
Jan 15, 2
e
to receiv
rate!
the early
DECEMBER 2016 WWW.GPSWORLD.COM G P S W O R L D 35
|
 LEADERSHIPAWARDS

Yet Iridium was never designed for

navigation.
I am grateful to the Naval Research
Lab, the Office of the Secretary of
Defense, Boeing, and Iridium for
their support. Also, many capable
p e o p l e c o mp r i s e d o u r t e a m .
Completeness is impossible, but Ill
highlight the efforts of Dick Cervisi,
Kamran Ghassemi, Ann Stevens,
Robert Scholl, Tom Guffey, Bernie
McCormick, and Mark Psiaki.
The commercial Iridium
constellation is built on billions of
dollars of private capital. Meanwhile,
the iGPS overlay required
Congressional appropriation. But if
the technical part werent challenging
enough, the politics were, in my view,
a bit too hard.
My topi c is t he f utu re of
public-private partnerships. Such
partnerships include the GPS space
and ground segments and most
other government projects. Our
broken, inflexible Congress is not

TESTING A MODIFIED SIGNAL helping. My answer here for the

family dinner table is not political
its structural, non-partisan, systems

FROM ON-ORBIT SATELLITES engineering.

We can do better than handicapped
innovation, winner-take-all
SIGNALS
procurements, Nunn-McCurdy
Clark Cohen, founder and CEO, triggers, continuing resolutions,
PNT Holdings, Inc. debt-limit brinksmanship, and
government shut-downs. This is
For developing an advanced waveform concept for not to judge people. Good people
potential use aboard low-Earth orbit communication are operating under imperfect rules.
satellites: a method for adding high-accuracy ranging House elections now resemble
capability by modifying the transmitted signal structure of a stuck, one-bit, analog-to-digital
an already flying constellation. converter. Hundreds of individual
races, cumulate the equivalent of

T
hank you GPS World, broadcast that we developed for input noise and bias, rendering the
industry sponsors, the DoD-sponsored iGPS program. House largely unresponsive to voters.
and colleagues who It is a wide-bandwidth (10 MHz Consent of the governed demands a
engaged in the maximum spectrum allocation), healthy, moderating feedback loop
selection process. I near-white, high-power broadcast from people to representatives to
appreciate the honor. with independently resolvable code laws and back. Cutting this loop
The Advanced Waveform was and carrier capable of illuminating spells trouble.
the second and most ambitious regions of the world at any time. A major root cause of dysfunction

36 G P S W O R L D WWW.GPSWORLD.COM DECEMBER 2016

|
is winner-take-all, single-member districts. Geographical
voting made sense in the 18th century. But in an
EVERY SIGNAL PAYLOAD SINCE GPS
increasingly complex, connected world, where you live
is no longer a stand-in for what you think.
BEGAN AND NOW ONBOARD GPS III
BY Ellen Mitchell
We need to start dissolving district boundaries

themselves. An elegant approach is aggregating adjacent
single-member districts into larger multi-winner super
districts with three to five members each. A refinement
called ranked choice voting eliminates spoiler hazard
and incentivizes positive campaigns. No change to the
Constitution is needed only passing a law.
We should reset our expectations. Congress should be
able to pass the nations budget on time every time. We
dont need drama around GPS modernization, backup
terrestrial navigation, and spectrum protection. And
America should boldly pioneer aspirational, cathedral-
and-moonshot-scale, public-private initiatives.
Working hard and playing by the rules implies a value-
added, positive-sum relationship with society. But to
the extent that the rules are imperfect, dont vestiges of
zero-sum exchange imply collateral damage somewhere
in society? Voters are rebelling by the millions. We should
pay attention. Americas defining Revolutionary War was
fought over taxation without representation.
Whether applied to sword or plowshare, precision
feedback from GPS provides guidance to help minimize
collateral damage. Updated voting rules will do the same
for the nation. Everyone benefits from more efficient and
effective execution. Yet perhaps our greatest harvest
should we choose to claim it for ourselves and our
children will follow from sowing new seeds of discovery
and innovation through public-private partnerships on a
vast and visionary scale.
I
ts an honor to present the Signals award on behalf of the
Harris Corporation. It
is particularly fitting
that Harris has the
honor of presenting
this award. As the GPS navigation payload provider, we
create and deliver the GPS signal. Our technology has
been on every GPS satellite launched since the program
began and were providing the payload for the next-
generation GPS III satellite. Furthermore, our products
help our customers better utilize the GPS signal and detect
and prevent jamming.
So, perhaps you understand why its my special pleasure
tonight to present the Leadership Award for significant
recent achievement in the area of Signals to Clark Cohen.
Thank you for this opportunity and congratulations to
all the Award recipients.

Editors Note
The iGPS Advanced Waveform concept attempted to leverage
carrier-phase signals from an already flying low-Earth orbit
(LEO) communications satellite network, in order to aid GPS
positioning. In 2013, the iGPS Advanced Waveform reached
a test and evaluation phase but encountered technical
issues which were not resolved, and the technology has not
matured further.
The Industrys First
Meanwhile, a separate initiative using a different, code-
phase approach to signals from the same LEO constellation Online Buyers Guide
successfully completed rigorous testing and has been deployed Access hundreds of: Manufacturers Products Services
worldwide. Its commercial launch was announced in mid-
December 2016, and its technical and market details will be Visit & bookmark it today!
explored in GPS World magazine in 2017. GPSWORLDBUYERSGUIDE.COM
Have a question about the directory? Contact Chloe Scoular at 216-363-7929.

DECEMBER 2016 WWW.GPSWORLD.COM G P S W O R L D 37

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 LEADERSHIPAWARDS
L1 RTK PRESAGES MORE CHANGE
PRODUCTS
Daniel Ammann, executive director
and co-founder, u-blox
For achieving a leading company position with GNSS chips
and modules for automotive, M2M and IoT applications as
well as a recently announced mass-market L1 RTK in a
single-package solution.
I
wish to express my gratitude
to GPS World magazine and
the whole GNSS community
for this recognition. I take this
not as a recognition of my own
work, but as a recognition of
the fantastic team behind me, back
home in Finland, England and
Switzerland. Those are the ones
who made this possible over the
last years, and I happily accept this
award on their behalf.
Alan asked me to not only say
thank you, but give an outlook on
things we believe are relevant as
the industry goes forward.
T he av ai l abi l it y of h i g h ly
38 G P S W O R L D WWW.GPSWORLD.COM
integrated L1 RTK modules, such
as the NEO-M8P we announced
earlier this year, is only the
beginning of something we believe
is bringing a much bigger change
to this industry.
We can foresee that multi-band
L1/L2 receiver will become reality
to serve the mass markets. And at
attractive price points, an order of
magnitude away from where todays
products are sold. We are not far
away from high-volume availability
of such GNSS receivers. The main
market driver here though is not
existing high-precision markets
like agriculture or survey, but newly
DECEMBER 2016
|
evolving markets in the autonomous
vehicle space both land vehicles
and airborne, such as autonomous
cars or UAVs. Here what is needed
is high accuracy combined with
unprecedented integrity even in
challenging environments. And
this at cost points allowing volume
deployments.
A much bigger challenge though
is the availability of a correction
service suitable for mass-market
high-precision applications. As
a industry, we have a problem to
solve here. Currently available
systems are closed and proprietary.
Market growth is limited due to
per-receiver/per-year type business
models, and this simply wont scale
easily for large installations, as there
is no path to collect money from the
end user. Further, standardization
for broadcast-type SSR corrections
is pretty slow. And you could ask
the question, why it is a maritime
standardization committee that is
shaping standards for things that
either drive on land, or fly in the air?
Therefore, at u-blox, we believe
that an independent entity, possibly
in the form of a industry consortium,
is needed. A entity which offers
broadcast-capable SSR services on
a global basis, and with scalable
business models, for example with
a flat fee.
At the same time, this entity should
not be tied to a receiver manufacturer
like us, but serve the whole industry
at the same time. This entity should
be using open standards which
also must be developed, and in time.
This is something which we at u-blox
together with you from the industry
would like to solve in the form of
such a consortium, and Id like to
invite you to talk to us if you share
that same vision.
Again, many thanks for this
award. We feel very honored.
 Im also excited to announce raw GNSS measurements
available in Android. This was a multi-year effort
with many complexities on getting this far. Androids
foundation is open-source software and the open-
source community. So, it was a natural development
step for us to provide these raw measurements to the
community. We have a new paradigm of businesses,
and most of them rely on location and context as one
of their key elements.
Imagine what more we can do with enhancing
location in new ways with the use of raw GNSS
measurements. This gets me really excited, and Im
looking forward to the future. Thanks again for this
recognition and the efforts from our team!

SERVICES AWARD SPONSORED BY

ANDROID: RAW GNSS

DATA AVAILABLE AND PRESENTED BY CHRIS LUND,
DIRECTOR PRODUCT MARKETING
SERVICES
Steve Malkos, technical program
manager, Google
For driving Androids location APIs to enable a new
range of applications, bringing raw GNSS measurement
Assured military
capability, including carrier phase to Android location
APIs and Android Emergency Location Service, providing PNT solutions
Googles enhanced location for emergency phone calls.
for all missions.

I
m honored to have received this award and would
like to thank GPS World and the GNSS community
for this recognition!
At work, Im surrounded by the best engineers
(some of them sitting here right with me), and if it
werent for them, I wouldnt be up here today. So,
thank you! Taking Android Emergency Service from my
20% project in Google to production has been one of my
proudest achievements. This life-saving service provides
Googles location data to emergency responders during an
emergency phone call. For example, if you are indoors with
no GPS coverage, our Fused Location Provider can produce
accurate indoor locations from other signals and send that
to emergency responders, giving us greater accuracies rockwellcollins.com
over cell ID positioning. This is where we are headed with
Indoor E911 for the US, but its already a reality in the UK
and Estonia, where this service first rolled out. 2016 Rockwell Collins.
All rights reserved.

DECEMBER 2016 WWW.GPSWORLD.COM G P S W O R L D 39

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 MARKET Segment Snapshot:
Applications, Trends & News

OEM WATCH
2
Microsemi Clock Protects Against Vulnerabilities
M
icrosemis TimeSource En-
hanced Primary Reference
Time Clock (TimeSource En-
hanced PRTC) is a new system to pro-
tect against serious threats associated
with GNSS vulnerabilities.
It also enables telecommunications
and mobile operators to meet the new
G.8272.1 recommendation from the
International Telecommunication
Union (ITU). G.8272.1 requires ac-
curacy to within 30 ns or better when
verified against a time standard such
as UTC.
The TimeSource Enhanced PRTC
generates time by producing its own
independent time scale aligned with
GNSS, while its phase, time and fre-
quency signal outputs remain autono-
mous. This provides customers within
the communications, power, public
safety, data center and government
network markets with a secure infra-
structure, reducing dependency on
GNSS and enabling network operators
to retake control of the timing source
used for network synchronization.
Microsemis TimeSource Enhanced
PRTC works with the companys ce-
sium clocks to ensure time is generated
in an autonomous manner.
Specifically, the TimeSource En-
hanced PRTCs source of time aligns
accurately with GNSS time without
being dependent upon it avoiding
any vulnerability to threats caused by
jamming and spoofing.

NEWSBRIEFS
Release 16.11
SDX ADDS BEIDOU
Release 16.11 of Skydel
Solutions SDX simulation
software adds BeiDou to the
constellations that SDX can
simulate. Following release 16.7
in July, which added Galileo,
the update makes SDX a multi-
constellation, multi-frequency
GNSS simulator.
U-BLOX INTEGRATES
GNSS, LTE
The new U-blox LARA-R3121 is
a single-mode LTE Category 1
modem and a GNSS positioning
engine. It is designed for IoT
applications including smart
utility metering, connected
health and patient monitoring,
smart buildings, security and
video surveillance, smart
payment and point-of-sale
systems, as well as wearable
devices, such as action cameras.
LARA-R3121
HARXON OFFERS
WATERPROOF
HELICAL GNSS
ANTENNA
Harxons next-generation
triple-frequency Helix Antenna,
HX-CH7603A, has excellent
performance and high efficiency
in a compact form factor,
Harxon said.
HX-CH7603A
The new design is capable
of GPS L1/L2, GLONASS L1/
L2 and BDS B1/B2/B3. Though
compact, it provides high peak
gain (more than 3.5 dBi) and
wide beam width to ensure the
signal receiving performance of
satellite at low elevation angles.
HX-CH7603A is equipped with
an O-ring and gold-plated
SMA (sub-miniature version A)
connector that makes the antenna
waterproof-grade, reaching
IP67 once installed on a mating
surface. The antenna is designed
for applications requiring minimal
integration effort or for retrofitting
existing products.
TALEN-X GETS
GPS DIRECTORATE
SECURITY APPROVAL
Talen-X has been given security
approval by the GPS Directorate,
allowing BroadSim to create
and process Y-Code while
in a classified environment.
BroadSim is a software-defined
GNSS simulator that models
true and spoofed signals. It was
developed to simplify advanced
jamming and spoofing scenarios
for Navigation Warfare
(NAVWAR) testing, supporting
high dynamics, advanced
jamming, spoofing and
encrypted military codes.
BroadSim hardware: generator
and controller

40 G P S W O R L D WWW.GPSWORLD.COM DECEMBER 2016

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 MARKET WATCH

SURVEY 2

In the tracking procedure, the engineer with the surveying pole might move around, yet the UAV tracks in real time and provides the
GNSS coordinates.

Drone Project Increases Accuracy Despite Obstruction

T
he second-place winner in
this years European Satel-
lite Navigation Competition
aims to improve surveying
accuracy in urban canyons or under
tree canopies.
The project, Drones2GNSS, also
took home the Special Prize offered
by the European GNSS Agency (GSA).
Space Geomatica Ltd.s Tripolitsiotis
Achilles joined with Panagiotis Part-
sinevelos, SenseLab Research, Tech-
nical University of Crete, to develop
Drones2GNSS.
Drones2GNSS includes a prototype
drone equipped with a highly ac-
curate GNSS receiver and a camera/
laser measuring system that retrieves
the coordinates of custom surveying
poles featuring Wi-Fi, a prism and a
target marker.
The teams image processing algo-
rithms and error correction techniques
provide real-time, centimeter-level
coordinate estimation and can simul-
taneously measure multiple moving
surveying poles.
The processing is per formed
on-board the UAV without any
ground-based hardware. In this way,
Drones2GNSS provides a fast, reliable,
cost-effective alternative for absolute
coordinate positioning in obstructed
environments where GNSS fails. It can
cover multiple targets, including cars,
people and vessels.
It also offers a basis for other related
challenges, including UAV GNSS net-
works, indoor positioning and error
mitigation.
Although Galileo Initial Services
are expected to enhance the accuracy
of existing solutions, Drones2GNSS
proposes an off-the-shelf application
that uses European GNSS (Galileo,
EGNOS) as the primary means of
positioning, Tripolitsiotis said. As
GNSS signals are degraded in ob-
structed environments by skyscrap-
ers, vegetation and geomorphology,
our project proposes using drones as
intermediate carriers of high-precision
GNSS signals that can then transfer the
geolocation accuracy to the ground.
Drones2GNSS relies heavily on
multi-constellation GNSS signal,
which is where Galileo will make the
difference. As current constellations
like GPS and GLONASS have proven
inefficient in confronting the afore-
mentioned surveying problem, the
sector continues to rely on traditional
surveying techniques, Tripolitsiotis
said. However, with the launch of the
Galileo era and the utilization of the
Drones2GNSS approach, we can now
provide surveying engineers a cost ef-
fective, accurate and fast positioning
solution.

SMARTNET TAKES ON EAST COAST RTK NETWORK

martNet North Amer-
S ica, a high-precision,
high-availability network
RTK correction service,
is assuming operations
and incorporating all
of the Maine Technical
Source (MTS) RTK Net-
work into SmartNet. The
merger brings profes-
sionals along the East
Coast access to a broader
coverage area, better
geometry and optimized
performance.
The MTS RTK Network
has two national CORS
base stations and 27 base
stations covering most
of New England. The in-
corporation of the MTS
Network into SmartNet
strengthens the network
by giving users access to
a range of additional tools,
including full network
quality monitoring and a
comprehensive user por-
tal with live status maps
and rover management.

DECEMBER 2016 WWW.GPSWORLD.COM G P S W O R L D 41

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 MARKET WATCH

MAPPING 2
Airbus Selects Google Cloud for One Atlas
A
irbus Defence and
Space has launched
O n e At la s , a n ew
basemap streaming ser-
vice delivering access to
its satellite imagery over
the world, fully refreshed
within a 12-month period. It
is powered by Google Cloud
Platform.
One Atlas provides access
to satellite imagery by lever-
aging the power of Google
Cloud Platform and Airbus
Defence and Space technol-
ogies, Airbus Defence said.
A n ew a p p r o ach in
data storage, hosting
and dissemination has
been implemented using
Google Cloud Platform to
ingest the several hun-
dred terabytes of data
annually required by One
Atlas.
Applications include in-
frastructure preparatory
studies, land manage-
ment, agricultural lands
and crop-species map-
ping, and deforestation Image from TerraSAR-X, a radar Earth observation satellite, of
detection. Barra da Tujica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. (IMAGE: Airbus)

Avenza Maps Pro Launched

A venza Maps, Avenza

Systems mobile map-
ping app for Android, iOS
and Windows, now comes
in a Pro version.
Avenza Maps Pro is the
most powerful version to
date of the application. It
benefits from years of de-
velopment and commitment
NGA Contracts for Sat Imagery to the mapping community,
Avenza said.
and other professional use
rights not available with
other versions, allowing an
unlimited number of maps
to be imported, Shapefile
import and export, data col-
lection and management
and enhanced support.
The subscription also al-
lows for enterprise-level
management of the Avenza
Maps app across mobile

T he National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) has

signed a $20 million introductory contract with Planet
that will provide small satellite collection and coverage of
Features of the Pro an-
nual subscription include
commercial, government
devices for organizations,
using a new subscription
management system.
most of the Earths landmass.
The agreement is a step toward harnessing the potential, LANDWORKS ADDS USLANDGRID
capabilities and services of the small sat and commercial
imagery environment. LandWorks has improved its Web AutoMapper online ser-
Through the new contract, the NGA will have access to vice that translates land legal descriptions into GIS-ready
a global imagery refresh every 15 days of most of Earths map polygons.
landmass. Planets feed will be used across the National The updated Web AutoMapper features an easier inter-
System for Geospatial Intelligence (NSG) and select mem- face, including a job detail webpage that lets users review
bers of the civil federal community. and edit polygons before purchase. Clients can have their
The introductory contract includes a seven-month pe- property polygons mapped against USLandGrids national
riod of performance, beginning Sept. 15 and valued at $20 land base, with the option of buying land grid townships
million. containing the mapped property.

42 G P S W O R L D WWW.GPSWORLD.COM DECEMBER 2016

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UAV 2
ESNC Winner a Step Ahead of Civilian Drone Market
T
he 2016 winner of the
annual European Satellite
Navigation Competition
(ESNC) is a low-cost early
detection system for UAVs.
To e n a b l e e a r l y d e t e c t i o n ,
classification and tracking of UAVs, a
team from the University of Strathclyde
(Glasgow, Scotland) developed
GUAPO, a passive bistatic radar
(PBR) system based on GNSS. The
aim is to monitor sensitive areas such
as restricted air spaces around airfields,
but the system also could be deployed
for major public events or to support
UAV use for e-commerce.
A PBR system exploits existing
sources of electromagnetic illumination
to accomplish radar tasks such as
detection, parameter estimation
and recognition. This sensor family
is attractive due to the continuous
coverage it can deliver and the low
resource requirements, making the
system very cost-effective.
Strathclyde was the overall and UK
DRONE WINNERS
UAV projects took home a third of
the 32 ESNC prizes for 2016. (Also
see page 43.) Innovations include:
Calibration of air navigation
safety beacons with UAVs
Drone video capture with social
media
Pest control
GNSS-assisted drone landing
system
Electromagnetic compatibility
measurements using
lightweight hardware on a drone
Extinguishing wildfires, spraying
crops
Visual UAV communication
Handling-stations network for
UAS applications
The GUAPO team: (from left) Domenico Gaglione, Carmine Clemente and Christos Ilioudis.
GUAPO stands for GNSS-based UAV monitoring system for Airfields using Passive radar Observations.
regional winner of the ESNC out of a
field of more than 500 entries from 17
countries.
Carmine Clemente, Domenico
Gaglione and Christos Ilioudis from
the Sensor Signal Processing and
Security Labs at Strathclyde Space
Institute, developed GUAPO with
support from the Scottish Centre of
Excellence in Satellite Applications
(SoXSA).
SILENT LOOKOUT
The project is a silent lookout system
to address growing concerns over public
safety, security and privacy.
While collision and crash avoidance
is of paramount concern, authorities are
also concerned about UAVs available
in the consumer market being used to
cause large-scale civilian casualties.
The silent lookout system could
be deployed as a perimeter around a
football stadium or open-air concert
venue, with the sensors creating a
detection arc at a distance that would
allow authorities enough time to take
appropriate action.
The University of Strathclydes
innovative concept in the use of GNSS
DECEMBER 2016
|
MARKET WATCH
signals has great potential to be a step-
change in low-cost monitoring, and
a real example of why Innovate UK
sponsors the ESNC, said ESNC judge
Andy Proctor, who is also the innovation
lead for satellite technology at Innovate
UK. As a judge, it was clear that this
idea has great potential to move quickly
from its research roots to a revenue
potential, and winning the prize will
enable this team to take the next steps
on this path.
It is incredible to have won first
place, especially seeing the caliber
of entries here tonight, Clemente
said when accepting the award at a
ceremony held Oct. 25 in Madrid. The
competition is an exciting opportunity
for us to accelerate our idea to a market-
ready application.
Along with the competitions
10,000 grand prize, the GUAPO
project will receive an extensive
package including cash, marketing
support, consulting services and
technical assistance as the winner
of the United Kingdoms regional
ESNC prize. The benefits are designed
to accelerate the ideas further
development and market entry.
WWW.GPSWORLD.COM G P S W O R L D 43
 MARKET WATCH

TRANSPORTATION 2
Lidar, Sensors Hidden in Hyundai Self-Driving Car

H
yundai Motor Company
introduced the Autono-
mous Ioniq concept at
the Automobility LA
conference Nov. 16.
Hyundai said the vehicle is one of the
few self-driving cars in development to
have a hidden lidar system in its front
bumper instead of on the roof, enabling
it to look like any other car on the road.
The goal in designing the autonomous
Ioniq was to keep the self-driving
systems as simple as possible. This was
accomplished by using the production
cars smart cruise controls forward-
facing radar and lane-keeping assist
cameras, which are integrated with lidar
technology.
Hyundai is also developing its own
autonomous vehicle operating system,
with the goal of using less computing
power. This should result in a low-cost
platform, which can be installed in
future Hyundai models that the average
consumer can afford, Hyundai said.
The cars hidden lidar system also
allows the autonomous Ioniq to detect
the absolute position of surrounding
vehicles and objects.
The features build upon the
capabilities of the production Ioniq,
which offers automatic emergency
Hyundai Motor Research and Development Center
AUTONOMOUS IONIQ FEATURES
Forward-facing radar that detects the relative location and speed of
objects in the vehicles forward path to aid in route planning
A three-camera array that detects pedestrian proximity, lane markings
and traffic signals
A GPS antenna to determine the precise location of each vehicle
High-definition mapping data from Hyundai MnSoft which delivers
location accuracy, road grade and curvature, lane width and indication data
Blind-spot detection radar to ensure even simple lane changes are
executed safely
braking with pedestrian detection, a seamless transition between active
smart cruise control, lane departure and self-driving modes.
warning and rear cross-traffic assist. Earlier this year, Hyundai Motor
The Ioniq also incorporates all earned a license to test its autonomous
autonomous controls into existing c a r s i n u r b a n e nv i r o n m e nt s .
systems to ensure that drivers can have Hyundai Motor is currently testing
three autonomous Ioniqs and two
autonomous Tucson fuel-cell vehicles
at Hyundai Motor Research and
Development Center in Namyang,
South Korea.
To showcase its autonomous
vehicles in action, Hyundai Motor
will debut two autonomous Ioniqs at
the Consumer Electronics Show in
January 2017, where the cars will be
found driving up and down the Las
Vegas strip. The testing in Las Vegas
will build upon Hyundais efforts to
bring the most adept and safest self-
driving car to market.

44 G P S W O R L D WWW.GPSWORLD.COM DECEMBER 2016

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 MARKET WATCH

UAV 2
TRANSPORTATION 2
Data Key to Intels $250M Autonomous Investment

I
ntel Capital is targeting more than $250 million of
additional new investments over the next two years to
make fully autonomous driving a reality, announced Intel
CEO Brian Krzanich at the LA Auto Shows AutoMobility
conference in November. This was the first time Intel
delivered a keynote address at an automotive conference.
The investments will drive the development of technologies
that push the boundaries on next-generation connectivity,
communication, context awareness, deep learning, security,
safety and more.
Drilling down into the areas that will be fueled by the fresh
investments, Krzanich highlighted technologies that will drive
global Internet of Things (IoT) innovation in transportation;
areas where technology can directly mitigate risks while Intel displays its automated driving technology at the
Automobility LA conference on Nov. 15. (Photo: Intel Corporation)
improving safety, mobility and efficiency at a reduced cost;
and companies that harness the value of the data to improve computing, intelligence and connectivity.
reliability of automated driving systems. With the variety of sensors, sonar, lidar and cameras that
Data Deluge. Addressing a large crowd of automotive will come embedded in autonomous cars, he highlighted the
and technology industry representatives, Krzanich talked need for the industry to be prepared for the data deluge with
about how the automotive industry is on the cusp of a more than 4,000 gigabytes of data coming from a single car
major transformation, demanding unprecedented levels of each day.

T-Mobile Device Makes Older Cars Connected

T
-Mobile is offering
SyncUp Drive, a
device that turns any
post-1996 car into a 4G LTE
connected car a Wi-Fi
hotspot that also provides
vehicle diagnostics, safety
and security features. The
device is being offered as
an incentive with two-year
service plans, or separately.
SyncUp Drive
plugs in to a cars
OBD-II (on-board
diagnostics) port,
which is standard
o n au t o s b u i l t
after 1996. The
device is always
on, doesnt require charging
and can be managed from a
smartphone.
Other carriers 4G LTE data connectivity
d o nt y e t o f f e r into new vehicles.
4G solutions. Sy ncUp DRIVE was
The diagnostic developed by T-Mobile
tool HUM by with ZTE, a global provider
Verizon runs on of mobile devices and
2 G te ch nol o g y. telecommunication systems,
AT&T has been a n d Mo j i o, t h e o p e n
going a different route platform for the growing
partnering directly with car ecosystem of connected car
manufacturers to integrate apps and services.

South Korea, Thales to Develop SBAS for Aviation

S outh Koreas Korea Aerospace Re-
search Institute (KARI) signed a
$40 million deal with Thales Group in
October to jointly develop an advanced
Satellite-Based Augmentation System
(SBAS) for GPS by 2021.
The new SBAS, dubbed KASS (Ko-
rean Augmentation Satellite System),
will help reduce errors in aviation GPS,
which occur at a rate of one in 5mil-
lion and by up to 16 meters horizon-
tally and 20 meters vertically.
The SBAS will use EGNOS to help
set the shortest air route possible while
also helping reduce the cost of fuel for
flights and thus expanding their ca-
pacities, according to the ministry. A
separate agreement with the European
Aviation Safety Agency will jointly
verify the new GPS augmentation
system following its development.

DECEMBER 2016 WWW.GPSWORLD.COM G P S W O R L D 45

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 MOBILEUPDATE

Software Receiver Puts High-Accuracy in Mobile Devices

T
rimbles new Catalyst service
provides a software-defined
GNSS receiver for select Android
mobile handhelds, smartphones and
tablets.
When combined with a small,
lightweight, plug-and-play digital
antenna and subscription to the Catalyst
service, the receiver provides on-demand
GNSS, geolocation capabilities to
transform consumer devices into high-
accuracy mobile data collection systems.
Through smartphone and tablet
developments accelerated by the bring
your own device (BYOD) to work
movement, field workers and consumers
increasingly have access to positioning
technologies for geospatial data use and
collection.
The Catalyst software receiver collects
data and inspects or manages assets using
smart devices.
The receiver is designed to be
integrated into a wide range of
applications, providing a dual-frequency,
multi-constellation receiver.
The small size and light weight of the
antenna makes it possible to store in a
car glove box or backpack, available for
use on demand.

ACCIDENT LOCATOR LAUNCHED

S
aphibeat Technolo-
gies new Adventure
Monitor PhiPAL can
save lives of outdoor enthu-
siasts by recognizing when an
accident has taken place.
PhiPAL uses a proprietary
machine-learning algorithm
for accident recognition.
If the user is unconscious,
PhiPAL automatically
sends a distress message
with GPS coordinates
to teammates and first
responders through a
cellphone or satellite
connection. PhiPAL uses an
activity monitor mounted
on or integrated into the
users sports helmet.

Oscilloquartz Unveils Synchronization Upgrades

O
s cillo quar tz is of fer ing
enhanced hardware and
software in its OSA 5401
Syncplug, an ultra-compact Precision
Time Protocol (PTP) grandmaster
clock, and the OSA 5420 range of
synchronization distribution and
assurance devices optimized for edge
deployment.
The new feature set includes the
OSA 5401s capability to be used as a
boundary or slave clock and the OSA
5420 series availability as a one-box
solution for all timing protocols. The
advancements will improve accuracy,
security and cost-efficiency, and
create new use cases and deployment
scenarios for Oscilloquartzs timing
technology.
The OSA 5401 small form-factor
pluggable grandmaster has new slave
and boundary clock functionality that
enables it to be used as an add-on,
creating a hybrid synchronization
network. Deployed this way, the OSA
5401 significantly reduces packet delay
variation while taking up zero real
estate and using very little power. It
also protects against GNSS outages,
delivering superior frequency and
phase with better resiliency throughout
the network, the company said.
Further enhancements to the
OSA 5401 include Layer 3 multi-
cast functionality for financial and
enterprise applications, as well as
remote authentication and logs for
improved manageability and security.
GNSS Improved. Improvements have
also been made to the OSA 5401s
GNSS capabilities, such as an elevation
mask, a signal-to-noise ratio mask and
fixed positioning, which enables more
accurate time and frequency recovery,
even in challenging environments such
as urban canyon installations.
Upgrades to the OSA 5420 series
mean that it can now function as a
high-capacity Network Time Protocol
(NTP) server or PTP grandmaster
in the same device, or even over the
same port. Whats more, it can now
support different types of line cards,
including multiple 1 Gbit/s ports used
for PTP, NTP and Sync-E, as well as
BITS, pulse-per-second, time-of-day
and clock interfaces.
This single box for all synchronization
applications dramatically reduces cost
and enables customers to protect their
investment in NTP while planning
f uture mig rat ion toward PTP,
Oscilloquartz said.

46 G P S W O R L D WWW.GPSWORLD.COM DECEMBER 2016

|
 DEFENSEUPDATE

US Navy Awards Raytheon $255M for Precision Landing

T
he U.S. Navy has awarded Raytheon Company a $255
million contract for development and production
readiness of its next generation precision landing
system. The Joint Precision Approach and Landing System
(JPALS) uses GPS satellite navigation to provide more
accurate landing guidance for manned and unmanned
aircraft, replacing radar and beacons used in older systems.
The contract includes options that could bring the value
to $270 million.
JPALS improves navigational alignment prior to approach,
allowing aircraft to land on any aircraft carrier or amphibious
assault ship, day or night, even in adverse weather conditions. A U.S. Navy F-35C Lightning II lands aboard the aircraft
As the only military ground-based augmentation system carrier USS Nimitz in the Pacific. (Photo: U.S. Navy)
in the world, the system features anti-jam protection to JPALS technology.
ensure mission continuity throughout a range of threat When operational in 2018, the U.S. Navy and Marine
environments. Corps will use JPALS on the F-35C carrier variant, F-35B
Raytheon will complete development for an auto-land short takeoff/vertical landing variant and the MQ-25A
capability to be used by both manned and unmanned multi-mission unmanned vehicle. JPALS was developed in
aircraft, as well as finalize the integration with the F-35 partnership with the U.S. Navy to provide pinpoint landing
Joint Strike Fighter, the first aircraft to be equipped with guidance on carriers in rough seas.

January 30 - February 2, 2017

Hyatt Regency Monterey

ITM
Monterey, California

International Technical Meeting

PTTI
Precise Time and Time Interval
Systems Appplications Meeting

Co-located 2017 International Technical Meeting (ITM) and Precise

Time and Time Interval (PTTI) Systems and Applications Meeting

ONE Registration Fee, TWO Technical Events and a Commercial Exhibit

www.ion.org
DECEMBER 2016 WWW.GPSWORLD.COM G P S W O R L D 47

|
 MACHINECONTROLUPDATE

Photo Natasza Figiel.

Towering Solutions
Using GNSS, BIM and a Head-up Display for Speed, Safety

M
odern tower cranes can reach a height of more
than 200 meters. They operate in a complicated,
chaotic and constantly changing environment.
This creates obstacles for the crane operator:
poor visibility and dead angles places the operator cant see.
Aiming to solve the problem is the the Augmented
Crane Navigation System (ACNS) project. ACNS provides
innovative intelligent operation of tower cranes on
construction sites through the integration of highly accurate
navigation receivers and a powerful processor unit.
Polish researcher Piotr Krystek took home the DLR Special
Prize from the European Satellite Navigation Competition
(ESNC) for ACNS, which is designed to increase efficiency
and safety at construction sites.
Using ACNS, the position of the crane elements can
be determined and oriented using four to five low-cost
yet highly precise Galileo or GNSS receivers. The central
processor calculates the best possible route for load
management. In addition to the position values of the
various satellite navigation receivers, the digital model of the
physical structure or Building Information Model (BIM) is
used. Using a head-up display, the visualization is projected
directly onto the crane operators field of view to enable easy
and precise navigation.
ACNS has a modular design and can be mounted on the
crane easily; this includes the retrofitting of existing cranes. said. As one of the leading economic sectors, the construction
The project is still in the concept phase. To implement industry can benefit immensely from GNSS-based solutions.
the idea, the market must be explored and feasibility Krystek was inspired to pursue the project because of the
studies carried out with cranes in collaboration with crane tower cranes visible from his window in Krakow along
manufacturers, Krystek said with the availability of low-cost RTK receivers. He is also
The ACNS system also could be transferred to other inspired by the trend to automate everything that can be
construction machinery and commercial vehicles, Krystek automated, such as self-driving cars.

DYNAMIC COMPACTION SYSTEM

Trimble has introduced its-
DPS900 Machine Control
System for Dynamic Com-
paction, a dedicated 3D sys-
tem for dynamic compaction
applications such as airports,
roads and large structures.
The DPS900 increases
worker safety by eliminating
the need for surveyors to
work in close proximity to
large machines. The number
of drops per location and
the depth of the hole can be
accurately and automatically
tracked and recorded,
reducing errors from a manual
reporting method. In addition,
the DPS900 system reduces
setup time for each drop
location, which can increase
production and reduce costs.

48 G P S W O R L D WWW.GPSWORLD.COM DECEMBER 2016

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SLAM WITH CROWD-SOURCED DATA
S
imultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) is a Positions of
cornerstone for a plethora of applications in robotics keyframes
estimated by the
and augmented reality. It can be done with visual collaborative SLAM
data collected by a single camera. Alternatively, if (C-SLAM) framework
the visual data are crowd-sourced by multiple cameras, in processing two
collaborative SLAM presents a more appealing solution. Its segments of the S6
benefits are: (1) Each camera user can navigate based on the data were plotted
together with their GPS
map built by other users; (2) The computation is shared by reference positions.
many processing units. During the processing
This paper presents a collaborative SLAM approach with the on the server, many
following attributes: (1) Multiple users can localize within and loops were accepted
work with a map merged from maps built by each user due to and used to constrain
the scale drift.
commonly visited areas; (2) The size of the map grows only if a
new area is explored; (3) A robust loop closure approach solves
for subsets of variables involved in the pose graph step by step.
Tests were conducted on the real world KITTI benchmark,
and on datasets crowd-sourced by smartphones in the outdoor
environment. These tests showed that even a server hosted create compact and accurate maps.
on a consumer grade computer could process keyframes By Jianzhu Huai, Grzegorz Jkw, Charles Toth and Dorota A.
coming concurrently from several clients in real time, and Grejner-Brzezinska. Presented at ION GNSS+, September 2016.

PLUG AND PLAY SENSOR FUSION FOR LANE-LEVEL
POSITIONING OF CONNECTED CARS IN GNSS-
CHALLENGED ENVIRONMENTS
This paper presents a plug-and-play navigation solution
that automatically reconfigures itself as sensors are
connected to (disconnected from) the system, without
the need to redesign the system architecture or its
specific components. Test data were collected in urban
canyons. The paper provides experimental results for
sensor configurations including carrier phase GNSS,
consumer-grade IMU, video camera, and vehicle motion
constraints. Consistent positioning is demonstrated in
support of automotive safety applications.
By Andrey Soloviev, Michael Veth and Chun Yang, Qunav.
Presented at ION GNSS+ 2016.

ADVERTISER INDEX: COMPANIES FEATURED IN THIS ISSUE

ADVERTISER PAGE(S) ADVERTISER PAGE(S)
CAST NAVIGATION 13, INSIDE BACK COVER RACELOGIC 23
COMNAV TECHNOLOGY 27 ROCKWELL COLLINS 39
EPSON INSIDE FRONT COVER ROHDE & SCHWARZ 5
IFEN 29 SBG SYSTEMS 30
INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION (ION) 47 SEPTENTRIO 31
KCS BV 19 SPIRENT FEDERAL 17
KVH INDUSTRIES 7 SWIFT NAVIGATION 8, 9
MUNICH SATELLITE NAVIGATION SUMMIT 35 TALLYSMAN 11
NOVATEL BACK COVER

DECEMBER 2016 WWW.GPSWORLD.COM G P S W O R L D 49

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SEEN HEARD

PREVENTING STUCK LORRIES

Ordnance Survey has created a database of
BIG GUNS FIRING BLANKS? 200,000 miles (321,869 km) of roadways
GPS-guided, rocket-powered ammunition developed for the new to prevent lorries and other vehicles from
155-millimeter Advanced Gun System, used aboard the new stealth getting stuck in narrow lanes and under low-
destroyer USS Zumwalt, costs nearly as much as a 1,000-mile-range lying bridges on United Kingdom routes. The
cruise missile. The projectiles would be used to pummel targets government-sponsored database, intended
from 70 miles away, clearing a path for amphibious landings. But at for use by sat-nav providers, launched in
$800,000 apiece, the projectiles are too expensive for the U.S. Navy November before the end of the year.
to buy in large quantities. The Navy is evaluating options.

PREVENTING HUMAN-
LION CONFLICT
Kenyas Ol Pejeta
Conservancy has fit its
lions with GPS collars
to study the animals in greater details and with minimal
interference. The lion population is in decline because of conflict
with humans and destruction of habitat and prey.

MANHOLE COVERS COVERED

A trial project uses Chinas BeiDou to
track and monitor manhole covers in the
Baoshan District of Shanghai. It sends
alerts if covers are missing, and can sense
gas leaks, replacing regular patrols. The
system has been used in 12,000 sewage
manholes
NO GPS NEEDED
since 2015
A team of researchers at the University of California, Riverside has
and will be
developed a navigation system that uses existing cellular and Wi-Fi
extended to
signals, rather than GPS. The technology can be used as a standalone
more districts
alternative to GPS, or complement current GPS-based systems. It
to help avoid
could be used to develop navigation systems that meet the stringent
accidents
requirements of fully autonomous vehicles, such as driverless cars and
across the city.
unmanned drones. Earlier work presented in March 2016 GPS World.

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50 G P S W O R L D WWW.GPSWORLD.COM DECEMBER 2016

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IS A 7-LETTER WORD

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