Review pal examen de Science!!

What is matter?

• Everything is made of matter. Matter is anything that has

volume and mass. \

Volume:

• The space an object occupies is volume.

• The volume of a liquid is measured by pouring the liquid in a

container and looking at the bottom of the meniscus. It is
measured in (L) liters and (mL) milliliters.

• The volume of a solid is measured by multiplying height by width

by length (V = H x L x W). It is measured in (m3) cubic meters
and (cm3) cubic centimeters.

• The volume of gas is measured by putting tha gas in a container,

and if you know the volume of the container then you know the
volume of the gas.

Mass:

• The amount of matter an object is made up is called mass.

• All matter has mass.

• Mass is always constant for an object no matter where the object

is in the universe,

• It is measured with a balance.

• It is expressed in kilograms (kg), grams (g), and milligrams (mg).

Weight:
 • A measure of the gravitacional force on an object is called
weight.

• It varies depending on where the object is in relation to the Earth

(or any other large body in the universe).

• It is measured with a spring scale.

• It is expressed in newtons (N).

*Gravity is a force of attraction between objects that is due to their

masses.

Inertia:

• The tendency of all objects to resist any change in motion is

called inertia.

• Mass is a mesure of inertia because an object with a large mass

is harder to start in motion and harder to stop than an object
with a smaller mass.

• Large mass = Large inertia

Describing matter:

• Knowing the properties of an object can help you determine the

object’s identity.

Physical Properties:

• Color, odor, mass and volume are physical properties.

• A physical property can be observed or measured without

changing the identity of the matter.

• Other physical properties are:

More Physical
 Properties
Physical Definition Example
Properties
Themal Conductivity The ability to transfer Plastic foam is a poor
thermal energy from conductor, so hot
one area to another. chocolate in a plastic
foam cup will not burn
your hands.
State The physical form in Ice is water in its solid
which substance state.
exits, such as solid,
liquid, or gas.
Malleability The ability to be Alluminium can be
pounded into thin rolled or pounded into
sheets. sheets to make foil.
Ductility The ability to be Copper is often used to
drawn or pulled into a make wiring.
wire.
Solubility The ability to dissolve Sugar dissolves in
in another substance. water.
Density Mass per unit per Lead is used to make
volume snikers for fishing line
because lead is more
dense than water.
Density:

• The amount of matter in a given space or volume is called

density.

• To find an objects density first measure its mass and volume

and use the following equation: D = M/V

• It is expressed using a mass unit divided by a volume unit

such as g/cm3, g/mL, kg/m3, and kg/L.

• In liquids, the densest its at the bottom of the container while

the least dense its at the top.

Chemical Properties:
 • Chemical properties describe a substance based on its ability
to change in a new substance with different properties.

• Flammability: the ability to burn.

• Reactivity: when two substances get together something can

happen.

Charasteristics properties:

• Density , solubility , and reactivity with acids are some

characteristics properties.

• The characteristics properties of a substance are always the

same whether the example you are observing is large or
small.

Physical Changes:

• A physical change is a change that affects one or more

physical properties of a substance.

• Almost all physical changes can be undone.

Chemical changes:

• A chemical change occurs when one or more substances are

changed into entirely new substances with different
properties.

• Chemical changes often cause color changes, fizzing or

foaming, heat, or the production of sound, light or odor.

• Almost all chemical changes cant be undone.